Full text of "Report"
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at http : //books . google . com/|
Digitized by
Google
P4-CX.
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
THE EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
FOR THE
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
1913
PART II
HABBISBUBQ, PA.:
WM. STANLEY RAY, STATE PRINTER.
1915.
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
THE DIVISION OF DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL
PRODUCTS.
45
HENRY W. PEIRSON, Chief.
(703)
^ Digitized by
Google
5**?
(704)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Digitized by
Google
6?
X
8?
$ 2
^ '^
m ig i
U ""<'
A« o *- o
Pi
I ¥) r
Digitized by
Google
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 14.
THE DIVISION OP DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL PRO-
DUCTS.
The Division of Distribution of Biological Products, Department
of Health of the State of Pennsylvania, during the year 1913 distri-
buted free to the indigent of the State four distinct products, as
follows: —
First Diphtheria Antitoxin, now furnished through 667 Distribu-
tors, nearly all druggists, located at convenient points in each county
throughout the entire State except in the cities of Ehiladelphia and
Pittsburgh. This distribution began November 4th, 1905, when 473
Distributors were appointed. The locations of these distributing
points may be ascertained from the map on the opposite page.
Second. Tetanus Antitoxin, now furnished to the poor of the State
through sixty-eight distributors at different points in nearly every
county, but not in the cities of Philadelphia and Pittsburg. The dis-
tribution of this product was begun in 1910 in anticipation of the
dangers of the approaching Fourth of July. In 1913, as also in 1912
and 1911, the Distributors were again similarly prepared to meet
the dangers of exuberant patriotism, and arrangements were con-
tinued to make the Antitoxin easily attainable for those who might
be injured at other times. In this connection it may be well to state
that the reason for the small number of Tetanus Antitoxin distribut-
ing stations as compared with the number of Diphtheria Antitoxin
stations is because Tetanus Antitoxin if given within forty-eight hours
after injury, is effective, and the Tetanus Stations are so located that
from nearly every locality in the State, one or more stations may be
reached within twenty-four hours.
Third, Tubercle Bacilli Products so called, namely. Tubercle Ba-
cilli Extract and Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli. The distri-
bution of these products began June 29th, 1909, when only the Dilu-
tions from No. 1 to No. 10 of both Extract and Suspension were avail-
able. The Extract is now put up in Dilutions from No. 1 to No. 20,
and the Suspension in Dilutions from No. 1 to No. 16, as defined
on page 742, below. They are furnished by the Department upon re-
quisition of the Physicians in charge of the Tuberculosis Dispensaries
and have been used quite extensively during the past year in the
treatment of patients at the Pennsylvania State Sanatoria for tuber-
culosis at Mont Alto and Cresson. The Department of Health un-
dertook the preparation of these products in its own laboratories in
(705)
45—14—1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
706 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
June, 1912, and for the remainder of that year this was the source
of supply, except for a few syringes occasionally furnished by H. M.
Alexander & Co. During 1913 the laboratories have supplied all the
tubercle bacilli products used.
Fourth. Vaccine and Vaccine supplies, transferred from the Gen-
eral OflSce to this Division, January 27th, 1909. They are now fur-
nished upon requisitions of the County Medical Inspectors of the
Department of Health for the poor of townships not of the first
class, to the various tuberculosis dispensaries of the Department, to
poor charitable institutions when asked for during a local or gen-
eral epidemic of smallpox, and as may be otherwise ordered by the
Commissioner of Health.
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.
Antitoxin in curative and immunizing doses may be secured by
physicians practising in this Commonwealth upon their declaring
in writing that no charge of any kind is to be made for the Antitoxin,
and that the person or persons for whom it is obtained are indigent
in the sense that they cannot procure the necessities of life and at
the same time purchase antitoxin, and also that the physician will
send to the Department of Health a full clinical report as specified
by the Commissioner of Health.
After appointment the Distributor is furnished with an initial sup-
ply of serum, consisting of five packages of 1,000 units and five pack-
ages of 5,000 units, together with the blank forms, stamped envelopes,
etc., necessary for its distribution.
In token of his authority to act in behalf of the Department of
Health, each Distributor of Diphtheria Antitoxin receives upon ap-
pointment a Commission in the following form: —
COMMISSION.
COMMONWEALTH OF PBNNSYI.VANIA .
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Division of Distribution of Biological Products.
Know all men by these presents, that
residing at in the county of
State of Pennsylvania, ha. . . , this day of
been duly appointed Distributor of Diphtheria Antitoxin, at
County, Pennsylvania , under the
rules of the Department of Health.
(SEAL.)
Commiflsioner of Health.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 707
Detailed information regarding distribution may be found in the
letter of instructions, Form B. P. 516, below, and in the various forms
which follow.
Form B. P. 516.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
DIVISION OF DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.
INSTRUCTIONS TO DISTRIBUTORS REGARDING THE DISTRIBUTION
AND USE OF DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.
In the distribution of Diphtheria Antitoxin there are THREE printed forms
which MUST be fiUed out.
FIRST IN IMPORTANCE, FORM B. P. 517, is known as the Application and
Receipt. It is in a smaU book containing 100 numbered pages — 50 white and 50
blue— the white to be signed by the physician and forwarded to the Department
after the amounts of Antitoxin secured by him are properly filled out in the spaces
reserved for this purpose; the blue, on which the carbon copy is taken, remains
in the book for the Distributor's own record. A space is specificaUy provided in the
lower left hand comer of this FORM B. P. 517 for a statement of Distributors*
stock of Antitoxin on hand, the filling out of which space wiU prevent the dis-
tributor from ever allowing his stock of Antitoxin to become ENTIRELY exhausted,
as a careful examination is made of each FORM B. P. 517 immediately upon its
receipt and if stock is found to be low, additional supply is at once forwarded. This
avoids the expense of telegraph and telephone messages to the Department for
additional stock.
A physician having a case of Diphtheria among the poor should immediately
APPLY to the nearest Distributor, SIGN a RECEIPT, Form B. P. 517, and se-
cure aU the Antitoxin he needs for the treatment of the case. He agrees, as you
will see by the Application and Receipt, to return to the Distributor all unused
Antitoxin WITHIN TEN DAYS after securing same.
Our experience teaches us that the Distributor should require physicians to sign
for the Antitoxin BEFORE securing same, if at all possible, because when they
send for it they often fail to come in and receipt for same for several days and
sometimes never sign for it at all.
SECOND, FORM B. P. 519— is the little slip found wrapped around the outside
of the box of Antitoxin. It is to be filled out by the physician, with the patient's
name and address, date of use, physician's signature and address, distributor's name
and address, and MUST when returned to the Distributor be forwarded by him
to the Department of Health together with the above mentioned Application and
Receipt, Form B. P. 517, in the printed stamped envelopes furnished to the Dis-
tributor.
THIRD, FORM B. P. 518— is the Clinical Report and is found inside the box of
Antitoxin. The Physician fills this out, signs and returns it to the Department
at the termination of the case. The Distributor has NOTHING WHATEVER TO
DO WITH THIS FORM.
SPECIAL NOTICE:- INSTRUCTIONS relative to sale of Antitoxin belonging
to the State supply ONLY in case of emergency. It sometimes happens the private
supply of the Distributor becomes exhausted at a time when a call may come from
a person well able to pay for same. In such cases the Distributor is allowed to
take Antitoxin from his State supply with the distinct understanding that it
Digitized by
Google
708 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
MUST BE IMMEDIATELY REPLACED BY PURCHASE from Messrs. H. M.
Alexander & Co., at their market price, and in commuqicating with them in re-
gard thereto the Distributor should not fail to make clear the exact number of
either 1000, or 6000 unit packages of STATE goods being replaced. In this con-
nection I would state that the same record is required by the Department for
goods that are sold and taken from the State supply as is made for indigent cases,
the only difference being that the word "SOLD*' must be written across the face
of all these records for identification here.
Our distributing agents, Messrs. H. M. Alexander & Co., Marietta, Pa., have
been instructed to forward you an INITIAL supply of five packages of 1000 units
and five packages of 5000 units of Antitoxin, and Distributors should bear in mind
that an additional supply will be furnished immediately upon notification that this
stock is NEARTjY exhausted, which notice can be made by simply filling up the
space in the lower left hand corner of FORM B. P. 517 specially provided for a
statement of stock on hand.
Should an epidemic of Diphtheria break out in your locality, when a large quantity
of Antitoxin might be needed at once, you are authorized to telegraph, 0. O. D.,
(Using the enclosed code) or to telephone, reversing charges to this office for the
necessary additional supply.
SAMUEL G. DIXON, M. D.,
Commissioner of Health.
Form B. P. 517.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
APPLICATION AND RECEIPT FOR DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.
19....
I hereby acknowledge the receipt of the following named amounts of Diphtheria
Antitoxin, for use in the family of
packages containing 1,000 units. Laboratory Nos. ,
packages containing 3,000 units. Laboratory Nos. ,
packages containing 5,000 units. Laboratory Nos. ,
from Distributor, Address
in the name of the Department of Health. I hereby certify that the persons men-
tioned for whom this Antitoxin is furnished for the treatment of diphtheria are
indigent in the sense that they cannot procure the necessities of life and at the same
time purchase Antitoxin. I agree to make no charge for it directly or indirectly,
and if unused, to return to the Distributor within ten days; also to mail to the
Department of Health, immediately upon termination, a clinical report for each
case, on the blanks furnished for this purpose.
We have in stock at this time: .•
packages of 1 ,000 units . (Physician's Signature .)
packages of 3,000 units.
packages of 5,000 units . (Address . )
(Distributor's Signature.)
(FuU Address.)
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 709
In signing this receipt the physician, by means of the inlaid car-
bon paper, also signs the blue stub bearing the same number. The
blue stub is for the Distributor's personal record of Antitoxin issued
by him and the Form B. P. 517 printed upon it is identical with
that on the white slip. The white slip is forwarded to the Depart-
ment by the Distributor with Form B. P. 519 given below.
Each package of this Antitoxin has wrapped about it a narrow
slip of paper on which is printed a form useful for identification, as
follows: —
Form B. P. 519.
COMMONWEALTH OF
PENNSYLVANIA,
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Diphtheria Antitoxin. Diphthei'ia Antitoxin, Units
Units Manufacturer, Laboratory No
Manufacturer. Patient, Address
Date of use,
Tjaboratory No . Physician's signature,
Date within which the unopened vial or Address,
attached slip must be returned to Distributor's signature,
Distributor Address,
This slip when returned to Distributor
must be forwarded to the Department
of Health, together with the applica-
tion for the same.
SAMUEL G. DIXON, Commissioner.
Form B. P. 518.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
CLINICAL REPORT OF DIPHTHERIA TREATED WITH ANTITOXIN.
Use a separate Hank for each case and forward immediately upon termination of
the same to the Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pa.
Patient's name, Address, County, Pa.
Age, Sex, Color, Date of first visit,
Month Day. Year.
Was treatment immunizing or curative?
// the treatment teas immunizing, answer only the following questions:
Date of treatment, No. of units used,
How long had patient been exposed to the disease?
Did patient subsequently contract the disease? (Yes or No.)?
// the treatment was curative, answer the following questions:
Date of onset of the disease,
Month Day Year.
/Google
Digitized by *
710 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
SPECIFY EACH TREATMENT.
units used within hours of onset.
units used within hours after first treatment.
units used within hours after second treatment .
units used within hours after third treatment.
units used within hours after fourth treatment
units used within hours after fifth treatment.
units used within hours after sixth treatment.
units used within hours after seventh treatment.
units used within hours after eighth treatment.
units used within hours after ninth treatment.
State whether disease was Post-nasal, Tonsillar, Pharyngeal, Laryngeal.
(Specify by crossing out names of regions unaffected.)
State complications, if any,
State termination (Recovery or Death),
Number of persons in household Number affected, — Number immunized, ....
What was the probable source of infection?
Remarks,
Distributor's Name, Signature, M. D.
Address, Address
These three Forms, B. P. 517, 518 and 519, when properly filled
out, make a complete record of each case of distribution and use
of Diphtheria Antitoxin issued by the Department of Health.
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN— 1905-1913.
The establishment of stations for the distribution of Diphtheria
Antitoxin among the indigent in the State of Pennsylvania and the
naming of Distributors began November 4th, 1905, when 473 Distri-
butors, mostly duly registered druggists, were appointed at con-
venient places. Some Antitoxin was distributed, however, in Oc-
tober, 1905, before any distributors were appointed. In 1906, this
number was increased to 511; in 1907, to 529; in 1908, to 569; in
1909, to 650; in 1910, to 656; in 1911, to 662; and in 1912, to 667.
No additions were made to these in 1913.
From the date of the very beginning of the distribution of Diph-
theria Antitoxin to the indigent throughout the State of Pennsylvania
by the Department of Health, in October, 1905, up to and including
December 31st, 1913, fifty-five thousand four hundred and seventy
(55,470) cases of diphtheria were treated for cure, four thousand
five hundred and forty-three (4,543) of which, or 8.19% resulted
fatally.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
711
The following statement shows the total number treated, the
number cured, the number of deaths and the percentage of deaths
for each year, from 1905 to 1913, inclusive.
STATEMENT SHOWING RESULTS OF CURATIVE TREATMENT OF
DIPHTHERIA BY ANTITOXIN— 1905-1913.
Tears.
Total
Treated.
Number
Cured.
Number
Deaths.
Percentage of
Deaths.
1906,
ms
255
88
12 97
1306,
3,529
3,136
393
11 14
19OT
5.271
4,896
376
7 13
1906,
6.336
5.366
5.794
542
8.5S
1W9
4.949
416
7.75
1910,
6.524
6,966
559
8.57
1911,
7.798
9.919
10.440
7,283
510
6.54
1912
9,166
763
7 69
191S,
9.494
50,927
^16
9.06
ToUls,
65,470
4,543
8.19
In addition to the number mentioned above that were treated for
cure, forty-five thousand five hundred and fifty-six (45,556) per-
sons, mostly little children, who were exposed to the disease were
immunized, and of this number so immunized, only seven hundred
and one (701) contracted the disease.
The following statement will show the total number immunized,
the number not developing and the number developing diphtheria
for each year from 1905 to 1913, inclusive.
STATEMENT SHOWING RESULTS OF TREATMENT WITH DIPHTHERIA
ANTITOXIN FOR IMMUNIZATION-1905-1913.
Years.
Number
Treated.
Number
Not deTeloplag.
Namber
Developing.
IMS,
1S6
150
5
1906.
2.334
2,267
77
1807,
3,799
3,765
84
1S08.
8,966
3,920
46
1909
4.847
6,194
4,738
109
1910
6,10f7
87
littl,
6,906
6,781
125
1912
8,681
8,487
94
ifia,
9,775
9,650
126
Totals,
46,566
44,865
701
Digitized by
Google
712 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
The total number of packages of Diphtheria Antitoxin supplied to
Distributors up to and including December 31st, 1913, was seventy-
two thousand four hundi^ed and fifty-six (72,456) of one thousand
(1,000) units; seventy- three thousand three hundred and eighty-two
(73,382) of three thousand (3,000) units and forty-eight thousand
three hundred and seventy-three (48,373) of five thousand (5,000)
units; while the total number of packages actually used was fifty-
one thousand seven hundred and thirteen (51,713) of one thousand
(1,000) units; sixty-one thousand and seventy-two (61,072) of three
thousand (3,000) units; and forty thousand and seventy-five (40,075)
of five thousand (5,000) units; making a grand total of one hun-
dred ninety-four thousand two hundred and eleven (194,211) pack-
ages of Diphtheria Antitoxin supplied to Distributors and of one
hundred fifty- two thousand eight hundred and sixty (152,860) pack-
ages actually used; the difference, or forty-one thousand three hun-
dred and fifty-one (41,351) packages of 1,000, 3,000 and 5,000 units
of Antitoxin, being the stock in the hands of the 667 Distributors
throughout the State.
The entire cost of the one hundred and ninety-four thousand two
hundred and eleven (194,211) packages of Antitoxin so supplied for
the eight years and three months, was ?201,222.40, as in the follow-
ing statement by years :
Yonrs. No. of Packages. Units Cost.
mxi 5,967 1,000&3,000, $7,25180
1906 12.108 l,0OO&3,000, 16,192 32
1907, 14,154 1,000 & 3.000, 17.387 13
1908, 18,210 1,000. 3,000 & 5,000, 14,056 40
1909 22,318 1,000, 3,000 & 5,000, 16.565 52
1910. 24,2ft4 1,000. 3.000 t& 5,000, 22,232 18
1911 30.158 1,000, 3,000 & 5,000 27,983 01
1912, 31.667 1,000, 3,000 & 5,000 35,723 76
1913 35,365 1,000, 3,000 & 5,000, 43,830 28
194,211 $201,222 40
Therefore, the total number of persons who were actually treated
for cure together with those immunized, with the one hundred and
ninety-four thousand two hundred and eleven (194,211) packages of
Diphtheria Antitoxin distributed by the Department of Health in
eight years and three months was one hundred and one thousand
and twenty-six (101,026) mostly little children; and the total cost
for the Antitoxin used in treating these cases was |201,222.40, or a
per capita cost of J1.99, surely a moderate sum for the results ob-
tained.
The following statement giving the number of syringes of Diph-
theria Antitoxin supplied to Distributors during the last thre^
months of 1905, and during each month of the years 1906 to 1913,
shows a steadily increasing demand for the use of this life saving
agent for the treatment of diphtheria among the poor: —
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
713
O
o
o
CO
c
:^
p "
CCPQ
mW
M
M
&
o
O
M
O
m
PQ
gs
s|3
1
gi
§1
igs
ggg
!S IS?
^
2
gs.
§29
g3i
lis
T-li-TrH
i
ss
Ig
T-Ti-T
!•!-!-
1
jj
u
sg
11"
Sia
gii
!■!-
i i
S8
ii
iss
ES"
iȤ
§li
gsi
rs
i
^
§s
i!§
IS:
ss-
gis
iM
§§i
:j
i
: i
Si
S8
ggj
IS8
ggg
§gS
i§g
• T-T
§S:
Bi*
g§§
gil
s§i
g:S
SSto
Sg!9
3EB
S^g
§§§
§:§
gS
ss-
lit'tiii
i
U
gs
9S i
igs
iS^
SiS
§11
S :§_
d
at
; ;
as
§§
§g:
iSs
§gs
SSI
^ CM-
§1
§§
ii§ ill §1
Digitized by
Google
714
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
SUMMARY OF SYRINGES SUPPLIED.
1906,
1906.
1907,
1908.
1909.
1910,
1911.
1912.
1913.
1.000
8,000
Units.
Units.
a. 968
8.009
4,688
7.470
5, ITS
8,961
6,798
11.802
8.680
18.221
8.606
12.416
11,292
12,214
11.775
4.760
1 IZ,63»
»
1 ^-^
78.882
6,000
Units.
0
0
0
116
417
8.240
6,662
16,132
22,817
48,878
The following statement giving the number of syringes of Diph-
theria Antitoxin actually dispensed b^ Distributors during the three
months of 1905 and during each month of the years 1906 to 1913,
also shows a steadily increasing use of Diphtheria Antitoxin for the
treatment of Diphtheria among the poor.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
715
§
1
gg
m
S§
Bl»
gis
Bis
HI
ggg
Is MO
lOfH
OC'^T-l
g
H
s s
1
g§
§1
g|
gii
l%%
!■"!-
fH
1
§«
§3
g|s
§g»
SHI
i§i
ig§
t^%
ti
■ •
»H
rS
ri
A
- «
«• ^t
*;
: :
gs
ig U^
SS^
§§§
gig
is§
S"i
H
S
ri
»H
»-llH
ri
f-ITHTH
•i «
«• rf
O
; r
H
■••II 1 1 1 . 1
Q
^
§§
§s
Sga
ggs
gss
IS§
§gg
l"iS
S
1
r^"
^
Si
s§
§§:
iss
§i^
l§g
if§
i-s
OQ
-S
1-t
n
o
#
h*
IS
gl
§3i
ii-
lis
g§s
lis
g"l.
s
H
n
s
s§
li
SI:
sss
§ss
iss
ii§
^n
2 .
1^
: :
U
^
S
j j
§g
g§
§Si
gg-^
IS»
u%
igi §»§
• • 1 J 1
■e
5
§g
g§
Si:
gi«
sis
%u
i$i
s«g
I ;
s
1 j
g$
gg
g§;
ii«
§g-
sSI
§i§
§s§
CO
i
: :
§g
§§
ig:
iis
%1^
iss
tn
SSg
0
• . 1 1 1 .1 I 1
d
gs
§g
Sii
sg"
s|s
§i§
§§g
SSI
»?
»H
»-l l-l
IH
5
§§
§§
%l
i§§
§§§
§§§
§§§
lif
lii~
p
witS
^co
r^M
th*mV
TH-ccia"
^•n.o-
rHMia
TH'tOlo"
,H-«->0
<
fe
o
OS 1
e
c
;z:
IH
OQ
x
fo
o
g
2<
i
i
§■
5
1
^
S
pa*
D
giti2
;ed
.c
Google
710
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
SUMMARY OF SYRINGES DISTRIBUTED.
i.ooa
Units.
8.000
Units.
5,000
Units.
Nnmber of
distrlbutom
1905
827
3,725
4,214
4,S26
6,958
6,287
8.180
8.692
10,064
619
6.564
8,809
8840
11,086
10,601
10.000
4.881
272
0
0
0
61
284
2,800
6,076
11,83»
19,615
1906 *"*;
473
611
1907 '.'....*■*■
1908 ;*:*
529
669
650
662
667
667
1909
1910 ;*.. ""
1911 ;.,.. *■'
1913
1913, .**.. "■*
^1.713
61.072
40.075
STATEMENT.
SHOWING THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA WITH
ANTITOXIN ACCORDING TO PERIOD OF INITIAL TREATMENT AFTER
ONSET, FOR THE YEARS 1905-1913.
1906.
Cases treated.
Deaths
Percentage. .
Caf^es treated,
1906, Deaths,
Percentage. ..
Cases treated,
1907 I Deaths
Percentage. ..
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913,
Grand totals.
Cases treated.
Deaths
Percentage.
Cases treated.
Deaths,
Percentage. .
Cases treated,
Deaths,
Percentage. ..
Cases treated,
Deaths,
Percentage, ..
Cases treated.
Deaths,
Percentage. . .
Cases treated, ...
Deaths
Percentage
Cases treated
1908, Deaths,
Percentage,
First
day.
186
18
9.68
2,105 ■
185
8.79 I
8,463
159
4.59 I
3.979
2B0|
6.53
8.299
124
3.76 1
4,155
23S
5.73
4,847
151
8.11
6,246
331 i
5.30
6,572 '
444
34,852
1,910
5.48 ,
Second
day.
56
9
16.07
902
84
9.81
1,139
100
8.T8
1,464
116
7.92
1,266
128,
10.11
1,437'
181
9.13,
1,789 I
14S
8.11
2,238
188
8.40
2.836
222
9.50
12,627
1.123
540
78
14.44
456
75
16.46
560
94
16.78
Third
Fourth
day.
day.
26
IS
8
3
11.54
23.06
802
107
66
24
21.86
22.43
406
136
55
32
13.65
28.53
665 '
93 ;
18.98 I
924
389
16.04
4,704
704
14.97
162
37
22.83
38
20.43
196
44
22.45
828 ; 299
101 61
12.20 ! 20.40
810
54
17.42
1.647 I
855 !
21.56 I
Fifth
day.
4
2
60.00
62
15
^85 1
63
11
17.46
103
29
28.15
77
81.17
84
28
27.88
119 I
26
21.8*
189
30
21.58
142
35
24.65
783
196
24.90
Sixth
day &
Uter.
3
37.50
61
19
81.15
88
23
26.00
81
27
33.33
29
31.52
135
33
24.44
169
52
80.77
156
52
33.33
857
256
39.87
Total.
29S
88
12.97
3,62B
893
11.14
5,271
876
7.13
6.836
642
8.66
5,865
416
7.75
6,524
669
8.57
7.798
610
6.54
9.919
768
7.69
10,440
946
9.06
65.470
4.5^8
8.19
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 717
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE PENNSYLVANIA DE-
PARTMENT OF HEALTH WITH THE USE OF DIPHTHERIA ANTI-
TOXIN.
1905.
Number of cases cured during October, November and December, 1905, 255
Number of deaths, 38
Total number treated, 293
Percentage of deaths, 12.97
Number immunized, 155
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 5
Total cost (Including "Initial Supply" costing ^,199.73), $7,25180
1906.
Number of cases cured during January Ist to December 31st, 1906, 3,136
Number of deaths, 393
Total number treated, 3,529
Percentage of deaths, 11.14
Number immunized, 2,334
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 77
Total cost, $16,192 32
1907.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1907, 4,895
Number of deaths, 376
Total number treated, 5.271
Percentage of deaths, 7.13
Number immunized, 3,799
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 34
Total cost, $17,387 13
1908.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1908, 5,794
Number of deaths, 542
Total number treated, 6,336
Percentage of deaths, 8.55
Number immunized, 3,965
Number immunized and later contracting the disease 45
Total cost, $14 , 056 40
1909.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1909, ...... 4,949
Number of deaths, 416
Total number treated, 5,365
Percentage of deaths, 7.75
Number immunized, 4,847
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 109
Total cost, $16, 565 52
1910.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1910, 5,965
Number of deaths, 559
Total number treated, 6,524
Percentage of deaths, 8.57
Number immunized, 5, 194
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 87
Total cost, $22,232 18
1911.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1911, 7,283
Number of deaths, 510
Total number treated, 7,793
Percentage of deaths, 6.54
Number Immunized, 6^906
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, * 'l25
Total cost, $27,983 01
Digitized by
Google
718 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
1912.
Number of cases cured from January Ist to December 31st, 1912, 9,158
Number of deaths, 763
Total number treated, 9.919
Percentage of deaths, 7.69
Number immunized, 8,581
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 94
Total cost $35,723 76
1913.
Number of cases cured from January 1st to December 31st, 1913, 9,494
Number of deaths, 946
Total number treated, 10,440
Percentage of deaths, 9.06
Number immunized, 9,775
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 125
Total cost, $43,830 28
GENERAL, SUMMARY.
Number of cases cured from October, 1905, to December 31sLt, 1913, — 50,927
Number of deaths, 4,543
Total number treated, 55,470
Percentage of deaths, 8.19
Number immunized, 45,556
Number immunized and later contracting the disease, 701
Total cost, $201,222 40
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS UPON THE USE OF THE
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN DISTRIBUTED BY THE STATE
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH IN PENNSYLVANIA FOR THE
YEAR 1913.
CURATIVE TREATMENT.
On September 1, 1912, the Commissioner of Health, Dr. Samuel
Q. Dixon, substituted 5,000 unit doses of Diphtheria Antitoxin for
3,000 unit doses for initial use, it having been already shown that
the larger dose had greatly reduced the death rate in 2,793 cases.
With very few exceptions this was the initial dose during the year
1913.
A comparison of the figures for the year 1912 with those for 1913,
in the preceding able will show that the number of persons treated,
10,440, in 1913, was greater than the number treated in 1912, by 521,
and that the number of deaths, 946 in 1913, is disproportionately in-
creased by 183. While this death rate— 9.06%— is relatively low,
it is somewhat higher than that for 1912 — 1.07% to be exact — ^and
the increase is not readily to be explained unless variations in the
virulence of infecting organisms or a probably greater incidence of
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 719
complications or mixed infections — ^notably scarlet fever — ^be taken
into consideration. It is not confined to one or two of the periods
after onset of the disease in which treatment was commenced, but
appears in all except as relating to those cases treated on the fourth
day, where it dropped 2.98%. When treatment was commenced on
the first or second day the increase is slightly above 1%, while treat-
ment on the third, fifth and sixth day or later resulted in a number
of deaths approximately 3% greater than in corresponding periods
of treatment in 1912. The number of cases treated on the first and
second day of disease, is sufficiently large to give rather reliable
data. In the later periods, it is considerably less, and accidental
or atypical percentages are more likely to creep in. In both years,
however, these totals correspond sufficiently weU perhaps to admit
of comparison.
The Tables I to V, inclusive, below, have been compiled from data
furnished in the clinical reports of physicians using Antitoxin in
cases among the indigent. They are largely self explanatory and
call for little comment.
The first merely confirms the well known advantage of large doses
of Antitoxin, administered early in the course of the disease; the
second, the relative immunity of infants, with increasing suscepti-
bility up to the ninth year, especially noticeable between the fifth
and ninth, from which age it declines. The third table serves to
illustrate the greater effectiveness of ifke natural defenses of the
older individual following infection, if comparison be made of the
fatal cases in these and the younger, when the administration of
Antitoxin has been delayed. Thus at twenty years and upward when
Antitoxin was given on the sixth day or later, the mortality may be
computed as approximately 21%, while between five and nine years
under the same circumstances it is somewhat above 40%, something
over 30% being the average death rate in such patients under twenty
years.
Table IV presents the relative fatality of diphtheria, according to
the region or regions involved, the results of treatment of these
various types of involvement with varying Antitoxin dosage, and in-
cidentally the frequency of occurrence of these types. A glance at
the totals shows the commonest form to be tonsillar, with a mortality
of less than 2% irrespective of the amount of Antitoxin given, age or
time of administration, while the pharyngeal-tonsillar type is next
in frequency of occurrence, with a mortality scarcely above 3%.
Post-nasal-pharyngeotonsillar-laryngeal involvement occurred rela-
tively infrequently but was decidedly the most fatal. Laryngeal
infection stands third in the order of frequency and with the phar-
yngeo-laryngeal type — occurring in much fewer instances however —
gave an approximate mortality of 25%; wherein the obstructive
46
Digitized by VjOOQlC
720
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
nature of the exudate must be largely concerned, as is well known.
The addition of post-nasal involvement to one or more of the others
had a tendency to increase the seriousness of the infection.
A comparison of mortality as relating to the severer types of in-
volvement only, would show that large doses — 10,000 units or more —
gave better results by approximately 3% in laryngeal and general
involvement, while in the pharyngeo tonsillar-laryngeal cases doses
of 10,000 units or less resulted in a death rate of 32.39%, and the
larger doses in a death rate of 16.79%. In all of these too, the per-
centage of deaths where larger doses were used is less than the gen-
eral death rate for the corresponding type of disease, regardless of
the dose employed.
TABLE I.
Antitoxin Treatment of Diphtheria for 1913.
Initial Dose 5000 Units.
Relation of Initial Treatment to Time of Onset.
Total cases
KecoTerles
Deaths,
Percentage of deaths,
Period In which Initial Treatment was Made.
Ist
Day.
2d
Day.
8d
Day.
4th
Day.
310
5th
Day.
6th
Day A
Over.
ToUl.
6,572
2,336
924
142
156
10.440
6,128
2,114
785
256
107
104
»,494
444
222
139
54
35
52
M6
6.7&
9.60
16.04
17.42
24.66
33.33
0.06
TABLE II.
Antitoxin Treatment of Diphtheria for 1913.
Initial Dose 5000 Units.
Result of Treatment of Diphtheria with Antitoxin with Relation to Sex and Age.
Sex.
Age Periods.
0-1
77
~2
49
1-2
249
"189
202
148
2-3
8-4
4-5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+
Total
Total cases
M
428
340
276
85
468
535
l,88i
1,966
1,718
1.887
668
246
387
290
890
854
379
4,944
5,496
4.428
5,066
516
P.
449
457
802
10.410
Becoreries. . . .
M
40G
467
635
P
896
400
762
374
834
11
9.4M
Deaths
M
68
68
166
33
15
V
18 1 41
63
57
129
40
13
20
430
916
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
721
TABLE III.
Antitoxin Treatment of Diplitheria for 1913.
Initial Dose 5000 Units.
Result of Treatment of Diphtheria with Antitoxin Accoi-ding to Period of Initial
Treatment after Onset and Age.
Age Periods.
1
Period of
Treatment
0-1
77
~6
"^
~a2
8
1-2
264
la
~43
loo
~77
"a
"~«
""5
~10
"I7
10
7
7
4
i
7
6
2
2-3
460
loo
IS
IJi
"H
Iri
63
~i
16
S-4
lai
"~®
lii
"^
~84
16
21
i
15
12
i
6
4
4-6
690
lii
"I5
15
Iw
"40
I0
"li
~80
21
~
14
"le
~2
6-9
10-14
16-19
m-
1
Ist day
Total
2,471
2,831
140
964
9S0
361
778
6.672
6,123
444
2,386
Recoveries,
860
761
Deaths
84
11
12
6.76
M day
Total
882
SL6
162
2B6
ReooTeries,
772
808
167
279
2.114
222
Deaths
GO
14
6
6
9.50
Sd day
Total,
835
120
68
111
904
Reeoverles,
290
112
64
108
786
Deaths
46
8
4
8
189
15.04
4th day
Total
106
42
22
39
SIO
Recoveries,
90
38
19
89
0
256
S4
Death
16
4
8
17.42
Bth day,
Total
49
17
13
17
142
Recoveries,
88
11
13
16
107
Deaths
11
6
0
1
85
24.65
6th day and orer
Total
67
21
16
19
156
Recoveries,
84
14
11
16
10*
Deaths
23
7
6
4
52
83.83
Total caaea. ..
10,440
946
Total deaths.
9.06
46—14^1915
Digitized by
Google
722
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
t3
a
•a
p
. O
Is
•3^
>
-fi-a
M
;^'?^
»
"8
1^
<m8
n
o<j
ti
si
S'O
f,f
ii<
■Bt
B*
?l
<S
<*-•
p
S
«
*a3s)adOJdd
a
s
a
8
a
©
©
•mox
2
s
^
§
s
t-
u»
'^
»H
S S
*
M
M
©
i
1
•4»I • wqa ••!«
tH
rH
e
o
©
©
©
©
©
M
M
©
©
©
©
uvi puB -qj
iH
O
•^
o
©
©
e
©
©
'^
©
^
©
*=*
©
•UOX PUB 'UJ
M
03
o
«
CO
*•
•^
»H
©
©
to
©
©
©
©
•nox pnB qj
S$
?s
n
<o
to
©
09
M
e
S)
^
N
^
r-t
©
•jri -aox -qj
tH
^
o
©
©
©
© ©
©
eo
00
©
© ©
o
•avi puB -uox
O
®
o
M
•^
©
•^
©
t-
«o
'^
©
©
©
•jn pnB lid
©
O
o
o
©
e
©
©
©
N
04
©
©
©
©
•JB»I "UOX ••n<i
O
o
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
'^
o
'-'
O
©
©
■nox -"qj -tvi
M
»H
eq
M
^
M
©
©
©
iH r4
©
'^
•^
©
•wqd pint Via
O
®
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
CO
M
©
©
©
©
•paawraoo nv
9
*•
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
T-l
r-l
©
©
©
O
*pramiXiB7
s
00
00
0»
r-
N
94
»H
iH
S
<fi
a
©
©
©
•jwmsnox
)S
s
N
IS
s
^
©
o
©
P
s
CO
©
©
©
tt
00
"^
\o
•♦
^
©
©
©
lO
to
©
©
©
©
•IMVa)80d
•0
«o
e>
eo
n
©
©
o
©
^
•^
*=*
©
©
©
3
90
>•
1
"3
1
r
1
OS
1
9
1
s
i
i
i
1
1
i
1
B
i
1
i
§:
i
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
72,1
o
d
JO
§
s
i3
o
^
M
^
g
?3
IS
S3
©
V
§
s
s
ss
S
!il
M
«o
M
O
gJ
s
o>
9
&;
CO
1
S
55
a
o
©
SI
8
©
M
•0
©
©
©
O
©
"
©
04
M
©
Ol
.H
iH
2S
t^
t-
N
ri
iH
CO
©
§
S
K
r-
©
r-<
M
N
©
fH
fH
©
oe
t»
tH
•9
M
©
9
C!
a
u»
*
iH
«D
®
§
i
»
SI
8
«•
9
©
«0
®
®
©
s
9
©
lO
to
®
$ s
a
'«•
M
*-l
©
©
ff
5
9S
00
"•
•«•»
f-l
©
©
©
©
*-t
©
«-«
M
09
©
s
s
s
04
04
©
M
©
2
S
s
t-
«o
*4
^
00
•^
©
©
©
^
M
M
04
ft
iH
S
3
s
■•
00
T-t
«
©
©
|g
a
«D
©
©
©
1-1
•^
©
©
©
o
M
tH
*^
©
^
©
S4
n
lO
©
©
©
e
©
©
J9
a
M
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
O
©
o
»H
IH
©
8
s
<e
rH
•^
O
M
m
©
s
S
$
s
a
M
•o
*<■
^
©
©
©
M
00
©
eq
04
©
S
S
d
lO
M»
©
©
©
e
ss
M
iH
r4
©
«-l
»-l
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
ri
iH
©
S3
a
t-
©
©
©
04
04
So
i!)
55
N
©
04
04
1-1
1-1
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
«
a
©
'^
©
1-1
••
M
§
§
2
*
«o
00
04
^
©
ft
tH
©
©
00
04
00
t-
"^
g
S
s
©
©
•*
W
a
04-
C4
s
S:
je
04
a
5h
«-l
t-l
'^
©
»
ss
"^
A
A
©
§
§
a
A
OO
'^
1-1
1-1
*=» g
s
o»
to
CP
o
>o
^
•I
e
*
©
lO
•«*•
r-l
"^
ri
©
8
s
eo
04
04
©
©
©
s
p
'O"
<0
>o
'^
©
o
©
©
©
©
o
©
©
04
04
e
So
s
t-
"
©
.-
s
.•
i
8
;
s
:
8
:
.-
;
J-
\
s
h
.
■c
"C
.
■c
«r
■n
.
t
«r
"C
.
"C
.
■c
1
1
1
1
s
IB
a
1
1
S
1
^-
1
5
1
1
X
1
«
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
K
s
1
1
tf
§
Digitized by
Google
724
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
'8
I
•999\U90J9^
s
8
■■©
8
8
8
'VVKL
!fl
^
lA
&
s$
N
•^
*^
©
©
a*
ri
r-« o tH
i
1
1
M»i 'MBqj -ua
o
o
^^
1-1
l-<
©
©
©
©
©
©
© © ©
•JVi pmi 'qj
o
e
©
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
© 1© ©
•aoi pire ud
M
»-i
»H
M
M
o
e
©
©
©
©
© © ©
•noi POT '^a
M
CO
o
M
M
©
©
©
N
e«
©
© © ©
•jvi -aox -qd
M
M
©
CI N
iH
r-l
^
rH
i-<
©
© © ©
•4VI puB noi
04
"
'^
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
iH © ^
•wi POT -Ud
<i
o
o
'^
^
©
©
©
O
o
©
© © ©
•airi -uoi -od
O
o
©
t-t
O
o
©
©
©
©
©
© © ©
•uoi -JBqd "Od
c«
tH
•^
C4
N
©
©
©
rH
©
^
© © ©
•anqd pa» aj
o
o
o
T-l
iH
©
o
©
©
©
©
© © ©
•paofqmoo nv
ri
'^
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
*=>
© © ©
'X99Sanvri
M
^
iH
M
N
^
©
©
©
ee
m
©
© C
> ©
'ma^oj.
u
©
"^
^
7i
©
©
©
©
N
eq
©
© C
> ©
'X89Ba£I9^d
e o o
1
©
©
©
®
©
©
t-t
r4
©
© © ©
•|BmqiiOd
©
o
©
tH
'^
O
©
©
o
©
©
©
© © o
1
5
1
1
1
1
8
x:
1
j
1
i
1
1
3
1
1
11
! '
II
§'
§'
a
i
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
725
s
s
g
s
8
8
S
si
;5
«
i
s
si
B
a
i
i
s
SI
Ej
M
"
©
tH
s
a>
W
^
a
U3
t"
<o
§
S
i:
s
00
(n
r-
lA
M
"*
*••
o
^
»-•
O
O
e
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
to
^~*
M
©
e
©
©
©
©
»
a
•o
o
o
O
e
o
e
©
©
©
^
"
©
o
©
»
13
CO
©
©
©
©
©
©
9
a
•*
o
o
e
e
e
e
©
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
^
^
'^
'^
»-i
©
©
©
©
S
3
»•
^
«•
o
o
o
e
©
©
©
lO
CO
M
M
M
s
S
M
»H
w
©
i-»
•^
©
9
ss
«D
w
M
o
o
e
e
©
9
©
©
©
©
"
© rH
8
»
t-
©
©
©
©
©
O
3
s
t-
M
*-4
04
o
©
©
e>i
w
o
©
©
©
'^
"
©
S
S
©
©
**
©
o
©
©
S
o
»
e
O
O
o
©
*
©
©
©
©
o
©
**
©
•*
•4
M
©
©
©
©
r-l
iH
O
•*
M
*^
e
&
o
e
©
©
o
©
©
©
*
©
©
©
©
©
®
©
»H
r-(
o
©
©
o
S
3
s
M
n
o
©
e
©
ei
««
©
©
©
©
"^
"^
©
IS
s
«
•^
©
iH
N
©
M
a
Ok
m
O
e
o
©
o
e
©
©
©
fH
©
^
©
©
©
CO
M
•^
**
©
©
©
©
©
a
s
<D
c»
»H
r-l
©
©
©
N
M
©
rH
©
»H
©
©
©
lO
s
lO
©
©
©
©
©
©
S
«<1
s
rH
'^
O
"^
©
^^
Cfl
*^
tH
M
M
tH
"^
•^
©
X
3
»
CO
M
^
©
©
©
8
§
s
«
«0
o
©
©
©
""
iH
©
lO
ID
©
^
fH
©
s
g
M
*«
N
O
M
C9
©
<0 © CO f-l
o © ©
©090©
© © ©
§
Digitized by
Google
726
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OS. Doc.
'aav^ndojdj
•g
9
t
moj.
t
o
>
a
i
'iwi -Jtrqa -aj
•jvi pmi 'qj
•nox pn aa
•uoi puB qj
'ivi -aox -qd
•JVi pn« 'uox
'3Wi pire 'nj
•jri "nox "nd
•nox -JBqj "nd
•J«qd pnB na
•paaiqoioa uy
*IBd9a^jBq
•JBniTOOX
*IBa2niXjvqa
•IB«Bn;30d
£
f-l
o
"^
«fi
<D
©
M
«o
©
§
g
S
t-
©
tH
o
o
9
©
©
©
©
e
M
m
e
©
©
©
o
o
O
©
©
©
©
©
s
oo
M
IH
'^
©
e
o
'^
tH
©
©
©
©
S3
s
M
©
©
©
©
o
©
©
©
'^
»H
©
S
S9
'^
iH
fH
©
o
o
©
©
O
©
©
o
a
9
iH
*^
^
e
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
52
9
iH
"^
fH
o
©©©©o©eoefHi-to©o©
©0©0©©©©CifHOfH0eo
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
»
8
©
rH
»H
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
N
e4
©
e
©
e
©
©
*
©
©
©
©
©
©
9
<D
^
©
©
©
"
©
1H
M
M
©
"^
1-i
©
;p
ss
1*
fH
tH
©
©
©
©
N
04
©
©
©
©
8
s
-"••
r-«
©
iH
o
©
"
O
°
©
©
©
©
M
*«
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
e
©
i-»
©
lO
>o
©
e
©
o
§'
§
§
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
727
s
e
»
$
s
e
s
o
o
9
8
SS
§
^
»
©
o
ao
t-
»H
f-t
»
■*
M
iH
©
tH
t-
ss
5S
'^
M
N
M
©
M
N
©
o
e
o
*
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
®
©
©
©
©
o
o
©
e
©
©
**
©
©
O
©
»H
r-1
©
rH
fH
©
©
©
e
©
©
"
tH
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
M
M
©
©
©
©
©
©
rH
»-•
©
"
^
e
**
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
8
S
tH
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
1H
»-«
O
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
a
00
M
©»
rH
r-l
^
O
©
©
O
o
o
9
e
©
wt
©
»H
*^
©
©
©
©
S
r-
le
O
©
O
©
®
©
©
9
©ooeo©|©©©©©©o©©e©©©©o©©©e©©
©©e©©o©©©©©©©9©«HiH^o©©©©''<.©©w
sj S
© © o
o © © o o o
9 © ©
©
©
©
©
©
©
t-l
1H
o
©
©
©
M
M
f-t
©
e
©
©
•o
©
©
©
©
©
O
®
©
©
M
M
©
©
©
©
rH
©
fH
5j
Sh
^
1-I
ri
©
rH
'^
©
•^
r-l
©
M
«»
©
©
©
©
©
e
1-I
1-4
©
©
©
©
a
5h
r-l
©
©
©
»H
*H
©
©
©
©
©0©©e4e4©90
©o©©©©©©!©©©©©©©©©©
§
Si
§
Si
n
I
§
§
Digitized by
Google
728
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OfiP. Doc.
'929%n90Jl9^
S
ff
S
8
s
inojj
M
•H
1-1
s
s
00
■^
CO
'^
e<i
C<1
©
M
"^
'^
i
>
1
a
OB
1
1
•juq ••a«qj •nj
O
o
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
T-l
©
1H
•JVi pOB 'qj
e
©
©
tH
©
•^
©
©
©
©
©
O
©
©
©
•aox poB 'nj
e
©
©
^
^
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•aoi puB -qj
e
o
©
A
A
©
rH
•^
©
©
©
©
1H
^
©
•JVi "nox -qj
"
o
rH
N
M
©
O
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•jvi pan -nox
o
©
©
<o
(O
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•4VI puB -uj
©
©
**
"^
•^
o
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
o
©
•JBT[ "nox ••nj
o
©
O
M
»H
»H
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
1
•aox 'MBq*! 'nd
1-I
1H
«^
t-
16
M
eq
N
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•JBqd poB OJ
o
e
©
M
M
©
»-•
©
t-i
©
**
©
©
©
©
HI
•pdnwraoo nv
o
©
©
<D
A
M
©
©
©
N
M
©
©
©
©
^
a
*iB9:nii:jBq
©
o
©
A
A
©
o
O
©
©
©
©
©
o
e
•IBIITTOOX
©
o
©
00
t-
»H
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•lBd»iAniqd[
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
e
©
e
©
©
©
©
©
*IBSBtI)80J
**
o
o
iH
"
O
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
^•'
i
■c
i
g
3
i
i
i
"5
1
£
1
1
j
1
1
\
i
•c
1
i
1
1
1
§'
1
§
§
^
§
8
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
729
"
o
s
s
O
©
?H
©
1-i
©
S9
E^
e<»
©
t-4
T-l
©
a
a
m
o
o
o
o
©
e
©
e
©
©
©
©
e
w-t
•H
©
**
o
©
©
©
©
M
fH
»H
*
o
M
o
e
e
e
©
©
©
©
®
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
o
*
M
wt
o
©
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
e
©
©
©
©
©
e
"^
*-4
©
*
o
s
9
*H
©
©
©
r-l
*H
^
e
©
»H
©
"
©
©
©
©
©
©
•0
CO
©
*
o
«0 •* 1-1
©
©
o
e
©
®
**
©
O
©
©
©
©
e
"
'^
©
M
09
©
o
o
•o
M
«H
e
©
©
o
©
©
e
M
e<»
©
©
©
o
o
©
9
M
N
©
9©©©©©©©©©©©©0©©©©©©©©©©<-4«-<©
0©©«HiH©©©000©©©©«-*<HO©©©0©0©0©
©©©© fc-c4ee
0©©0>OU9©00©©©©»«M
© © e © o © ©
©©©©©©
© © © ©
©
"
©
M
fH
N
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
04
e«
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
eq
tH
«H
1-1
©
A
t-
C<
©
O
©
©
*
©
r-l
'^
©
<o
to
r-l
iH
1H
©
©
©
©
'*
M
•1
©
©
©
A
0k
©
^
1H
©
©
©
e
©
©
©
'*
^
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
•^
'^
©
0©©>-i«H©©©©©0©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©
O©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©®©©©^©©©©
«
1
3
»
^ 8 ^
O «; «
H « Q
§
§
§
5?
§
Digitized by
Google
730
EIQHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
*a9B)adojd(i
•mox
1
•J»I -wq^ -aa
Mvi pav -qj
•ooj, PUB -od
•noi pov -qa
•«r[ 'Tioi -qd
'jvi pm 'uox
•ivj puB -ua
•j»^ "aooi '-oa
•aoi ''a^qa "od
M»qd pa» oa
•paniqoMW nv
■piaSaXjvi
'nilfsQOi
•l¥9«iXa»qa
•lw»n»«oa
I
0»'^»-'00©OiH»H©000
o o o o e e o
oooooooooooooeo
iHo fHoeoMMooooeoo
o oooeoeoooooeo
oof-i.-«c»ooooooeoo
OOOr-i«-IOOOeiHr-<0<^f-4e
9|0 9 o o o e oo o eio
ooioiooooooooeeo
i .- ■
a> oi o
OS a H
§
3
S 8 * 5
O & « o
t- a o H
1
§
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
731
eooooeoooeeo
e o o e O e o
e o o
oooooooooeeoeooeoooeoeotHi-ie
iHoooooeooeooooiHfHOfHfHeoeoeoo
OOOOiHOiHOOO
o e o o
e o o
eooooeoooeoooooeoeeooooeoe
ooiHOiHOOOi-iOfHooo oooeoooooooo
OOOOlOOrlt-tOrlOfHrHr^OOOOOOOiHiHOeOO
ooeeoooooeoo
*H o o o o o o
o o o o
o o o e
o e o o
9 o o e o o e
1 I
II
i 1
• •
1
H 0
u
i!
II
: a
_; 1
if
[1
1
il
f =
11
if
: I
■ 1
il
h
ill
1
I
I
i
i
t
\
1
i
1
s
[
i
3
1
i
1
1
i
[
1
i
1
i
Digitized by
Google
732
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
■S
f
■8
I
5
'a;r«)adojdj
•wox
•Jn ••rtqd ••od
•jvi pin
•qd
•nox pmi
•«d
•aox pn«
•qd
•JB1 -noi
•qd
'vn. pa«
noi
•JVi poB -na
'jwj -nox ••oj
•nox ••a»qd[ ••na
'J»qd pn« "Ud
'poniqazoa HY
'TVoSaXjvi
•rtmroox
'|B99aXjinu
'I«««a^oj
J
"a
p
'^
^
©
N
M
©
1-4
•^
©
!-•
fH
©
1H
»H
©
o
o
©
i-l
»-l
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
e
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
®
©
©
©
©
©
**
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
©
©
"^
*^
e
fH
1-i
©
©
**
©
»H
I-l
©
»H
»H
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
®
©
©
©
e
o
©
©
**
©
©
O
**
©
©
©
O
©
©
o
©
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
e
©
O
o
o
&
e
©
©
©
©
©
e
©
©
©
©
©
©
9
©
«H
ri
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
O
©
e
©
©
©
©
o
O
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
o
9
©
©
©
©
©
9
©
e
©
9
©
© o o
©
©
©
e
O
©
9
©
©
©
o
©
©
©
©
9
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
©
§
§
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
733
2
1
i
8
s
s
Ok
2
a
ss
as
g
§
;;
s
n
§
S
s
8
09
§
§
ff
S
§
s
5S
3
S
8S
S
8
s
Si
§
8
a
C3
s
S
a
53
CO
2
S
E5
S
w4
i
S
i
V
S
fe
§
g
»
s
s
s
o»
s
"g
1
1
H
CSS
I
Digitized by
Google
734
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Table V, showing result of immunization for the year, requires no
comment.
TABLE V.
IMMUNIZATION-1913 .
Nnmber immnnized.
Unite used.
Nnmber
not developing
diphtheria.
Number
developing
diphtheria.
Percentage.
2
200
2
0
0.0
2
250
2
0
O.O
1
800
1
0
0.0
2
40O
2
0
0.0
146
50O
146
0
0.0
3
000
8
0
0.0
3
700
8
0
0.0
3
750
3
0
0.0
6
800
6
0
0.0
8.823
1,000
8,709
114
1.29
4
1,200
4
0
0.0
30
1,500
30
0
0.0
4
1,800
4
0
0.0
175
2,000
168
7
4.00
63
2,500
63
0
0.0
67
3,000
6,000
57
0
0.0
422
418
4
0.96
3
6.000
3
0
0.0
22
10,000
22
0
0.0
3
15,000
8
0
0.0
1
18.000
1
0
0.0
1
20.000
1
0
0.0
9,775
9 .660
125
1.28
TETANUS ANTITOXIN.
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.
Tetanus Antitoxin in immunizing doses of 1,500 units is distributed
by the Department of Health under the same conditions as is Diph-
theria Antitoxin. This distribution was begun shortly before July
4th, 1910, through sixty-seven Distributors. The Antitoxin was again
supplied to the Distributors in ample time for use on July 4th, 1912,
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 735
daring which year another Distributor was appointed, making the
total sixty-eight, which was not changed in 1913. These sixty-eight
Distributors were selected from among the Distributors of Diph-
theria Antitoxin already appointed by the Commissioner of Health.
Tetanus Antitoxin being effective when used within forty-eight hours
after the injury is received, the object was, therefore, so to choose
these distirbuting stations that the Antitoxin would be accessible to
aU persons meeting with accidents in any part of Pennsylvania
within the prescribed time, and the entire State, in the judgment of
the Commissioner of Health could be properly cared for by sixty-
eight stations if carefully placed. Those Diphtheria Antitoxin sta-
tions from which Tetanus Antitoxin is also issued are marked on the
map to which reference has already been made.
Form B. P. 536 is the numbered Application and Receipt, yellow
in color, to be signed by the Physician upon making application to
the Distributor for the Antitoxin for use in indigent patients, a
stub of which, blue in color, remains fastened in the book of the Dis-
tributor for his record.
Form B. P. 537 is the little yellow slip found around the outside
of the package of Antitoxin which is to be filled out by the Physician,
giving name of patient and address, date of use, physician's name
and address, and forwarded with Form B. P. 536 above mentioned
to the Department.
Form B. P. 538, being the clinical report, gives the complete medi-
cal record or history of the case from the beginning of treatment
to either recovery or death and is to be signed by the Physician and
sent to the Department immediately upon termination of the case.
These three forms when properly filled out make a complete record
of each case.
Forms B. P. 536-638 are also filled out whenever the Antitoxin is
used for a curative treatment of Tetanus, and the physician admin-
isters as many of the immunizing doses as the case may require,
or, at his request, larger doses for curative use are specially supplied.
Form B. P. 536.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
APPLICATION AND RECEIPT FOR TETANUS ANTITOXIN.
19
I hereby acknowledge the receipt of the following named amount of Tetanus Anti-
toxin: packages containing 1500 units. Laboratory Nos
from Distributor. Address,
in the name of the Department of Health. I hereby certify that the persons men-
tioned for whose treatment the Antitoxin is furnished are indigent and unable to
otherwise procure the same. I agree to make no charge for it directly or indirectly,
and if unused to return it to the Distributor; also to mail to the Department of
47
Digitized by VjOOQlC
736 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Health, immediately upon tennination, a dinical report for eacb case, on the
blanks furnished for this purpose.
We have in stock at this time:
packages 1500 units.
(Physician Signature.)
(Address.)
(Distributor's Signature.)
(Fiiu' Address .)
When the physician signs this receipt a sheet of carbon paper also
puts his signature on the blue "stub" of Form 636, which is identical
in language with the receipt And bears the same number for identi-
fication.
Form B. P. 537.
Form B. P. 537. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Tetanus Antitoxin. Tetanus Antitoxin, Units.
Units Manufacturer, Laboratory No
Manufacturer. Patient, Address
Date of use
Laboratory No Physician's signature,
Date within which the Physicain*s address,
unopened container or Distributor's signature,
attached slip must be Distributor's address
returned to This slip when returned to Distributor must be for-
Distributor warded by him to the Department of Health, together
with the application for the same.
SAMUEL G. DIXON. Commissioner.
Form B. P. 538.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
REPORT OF PROPHYLATIC TREATMENT WITH TETANUS ANTITOXIN.
Use a separte blank for each case and forward immediately upon the termination
of the same to the Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pa.
Patient's name, Address, County, Pa.
Age, Sex, Color,
Nature of wound, Gunshot, Puncture, Other Injury,
(Cross out class of injury not applicable.)
liOcation and extent of wound,
Cause of injury,
Date and hour of accident,
(Hour) (Day) (Month) (Year)
SPECIFY AMOUNT OF ANTITOXIN USED.
.Units, hours after accident. Lab. No.
.Units hours after first treatment. Lab. No.
. Units, hours after second treatment . I^ab . No .
State complications if any
Did patient subsequently develop tetanus? ^^^- State <^^""i°"tion:2^^^J^^.'^, , .
Remarks,
Distributor's Name, Signature, M . D.
Address, Address,
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 737
The following statements give a concise summary of the whole num-
ber of cases treated with Tetanus Antitoxin for Immunization and
Cure, number of deaths, number of recoveries, number of packages
used, initial number of packages supplied to the Stations, and net
cost of supplying the same for the years 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913: —
1910.
Total number of cases treated for cure, 16
Number of deaths, '. 14
Number of recoveries, 2
Number immunized, 76
Number immunized and developing tetanus, 0
Total number treated for cure or immunization, 92
Total number of packages of Antitoxin used in 1910, 241
Initial supply of packages to sixty -seven distributing stations, 611
Net cost of supplying to sixty-seven distributing stations, 1722.40
1911.
Total number of cases treated for cure, 27
Number of deaths, 21
Number of recoveries, 6
Number immunized, 83
Number immunized and developing tetanus, 0
Total number treated for cure or immunization, 110
Total number of packages of Antitoxin used in 1911 202
Additional supplies of packages to thirty distributing stations, 144
Refrigerator stock, 100
Net cost of supplying to thirty distributing stations, $292.80
1912.
Total number of cases treated for cure, 14
Number of deaths, 9
Number of recoveries, 6
Number immunized, 40
Number immimized and developing tetanus, 0
Total number treated for cure or immunization, 54
Total number of packages of Antitoxin used in 1912, 122
Additional supplies of packages to fifty- two distributing stations, 164
Refrigerator stock, 106
Net cost of supplying to fifty-two distributing stations, $69.60
1913.
Total number of cases treated for cure, 8
Number of deaths, 5
Number of recoveries, 3
Number immimized, 107
Number immunized and developing tetanus, 0
Total number treated for cure or immimization, 115
Number of packages supplied, 216
Additional packages supplied for emergency case (25,000 Units) 2
Additional packages supplied for emergency case (50,000 Units), 2
Number of packages used, 133
Number of packages used in emergency case (25,000 Units), 1
Number of packages used in emergency case (50,000 Units) , 2
Refrigerotor stock, (1600 Unit Syringes), 24
Net cost. 1199.31
The total number of cases treated during the year was 115, as
against 100 in the previous year, 107 of which were immunized and
eight treated for cure. Out of the total number of cases immunized,
being 107, not one single case developed Tetanus. Of the eight cases
treated for cure with immunizing or larger doses of Tetanus Antitoxin
where Tetanus existed, three recovered and five died.
47—15—1915 ^ T
Digitized by VjOOQlC
738
EIGHTH ANNUAT. REPORT OF THE
Oif . t>o6.
The total number of packages of 1,500 units, or immunizing doses,
of Tetanus Antitoxin used during tlie year was one hundred and
thirty-eight (138) or two hundred and seven thousand (207,000)
units; one package of 25,000 units and two packages of 50,000 units
were used in cases treated for cure.
The following tables of curative and immunization treatment with
Tetanus Antitoxin give age, sex and color of patients; Nature of
wound; Time of treatment after the accident; Number of cases, and
number of units used for the year 1913.
TABLE SHOWING RESULTS OP CURATIVE TREATMENT OF TETANUS
CASES WITH ANTITOXIN FOR THE YEAR 1913.
Ajfe.
Nature of
Wound.
t
I
Result.
32,
1
1
1
1
■*i
"~5
"l
1
"i
7
"i
"i
....
~~2
1
"i
"~2
....
1
"i
1
....
1
7
....
1
'"i
s
1
**i
1
1
7.600
S.00O
»106,000
•S4.000
S.000
4600
•37,600
1,600
"i
"i
*"i
t
1
10 ^....
41,
1
1
45
8
12
Bg
1
....
27
1M.00O
s
^ 2 packages 60,000 State Antitoxin; 6,000 secured elsewhere.
* 1 package 25,000 units.
* 6,000 uzuts, or 4 packages 1,600, State Antitoxin; remainder secured elsewhere.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
739
STATEMENT OF IMMUNIZATION TREATMENT WITH TETANUS ANTI-
TOXIN FOR THE TEAR 1913.
16.
12.
10.
16.
35,
4.
15.
15,
11.-
14,
12.
36.
7,
16.
12.
11.
17.
10.
14.
U.
15,
10.
ss.
22,
9.
14,
6.
10.
M.
6.
TO.
80,
78.
42.
66.
n.
66.
la.
7.
28.
11.
39.
17.
26.
»,
18.
7,
15.
10.
16.
10.
15.
11.
12.
13.
12.
4.
29.
37.
9.
13,
4,
28.
15.
7.
58,
23,
37.
Age,
Sex.
Oolor.
Nature of
Wound.
Treat-
ment
Began.
I
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1,600
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.600
1.500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.60O
3.000
1,500
1,500
8.000
1,500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500-
1.500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,600
1.500
1,600
1.500
1.600
1,600
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,600
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,500
8.000
1.500
3,090
1.500
1.600
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
8.000
1.600
1.500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
Digitized by
Google
740
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT OF IMMUNIZATION TREATMENT WITH
TETANUS .
A.NTI-
TOXIN FOR THE YEAR 1913-Ck)ntinued.
^
Treat-
ment
Sex.
Ck)lor.
Nature of
g
Wonnd.
1
Began.
1
Age.
i
#
1
I
1
9
5
i
&
i
1
1
1
1
3
9
1
2
22,
S.
45,
33,
13.
iJ'
M.
11.
6.
6.
34.
12.
11.
13,
19.
14.
18,
10,
36,
10.
42,
11.
10,
n,
80.
18.
16.
12,
}?:
14.
10.
8.
8.
14.
10,
41.
12.
m
10
105
45 62
15
1.600
S,000
1,600
1,600
1,600
1.600
S,000
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1.600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
S,000
1,600
1,600
1,600
1.600
1.600
1,600
1.600
1.600
1,600
1.600
1,600
1.600
1,600
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.600
172.600
TUBERCLE BACILLI PRODUCTS.
The Department of Healtb, through the Division of Distribution
of Biological Products, began June 29, 1909, the distribution of Tu-
bercle Bacilli Extract and Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli to
the physicians in charge of Dispensaries for the treatment of tuber-
culosis among the indigent throughout the State of Pennsylvania.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 741
At that time both the Tubercle Bacilli Extract and the Suspension
of Dead Tubercle Bacilli were manufactured and put up in syringes
containing only Dilutions from No. 1 to No. 10, inclusive, but on
August 4, 1910, the number of Dilutions used in the treatment of
tuberculosis was increased by the addition of Dilutions No. 11 to No.
16, in both the Extract and Suspension, and since that time the num-
ber of Dilutions in the Extract has been increased to No. 20. They
have been quite extensively used during the year 1913 at the Mont
Alto and Cresson Sanatoria as well as by the Physicians in charge
of forty-two out of the 115 State Tuberculosis Dispensaries for the
treatment of tuberculous patients.
At these forty-two Dispensaries during the year 1913, the Tubercle
Bacilli Products were used in 374 cases, as compared with 333 during
the year 1912, while at the Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuber-
culosis, No. 1, at Mont Alto, the products were used in 305 cases dur-
ing 1913, as compared with 350 cases during the year 1912; and at
No. 2, Cresson, during the year 1913, the Products were used in 358
cases, this Sanatorium having been opened for the admission of pa-
tients at the beginning of the year.
The total number of patients thus treated during the year 1913 at
the Dispensaries and the Sanatoria was consequently 1,137, as com-
pared with 683 during the year 1912.
INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING THE USE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
PRODUCTS.
To the Medical Staff of the Department:
Gentlemen: — In the use of the Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli
and Tubercle Bacilli Extract for the treatment of tuberculosis by cell
immunization, the patients should be carefully selected, as my pre-
parations are not supposed to be of value in all cases. The best re-
sults are to be expected in patients who have a small amount of tis-
sue involvement and in whom the body cells have not become saturated
with the toxin. To-day I am pursuing exactly the same principle of
treatment with the dead bacilli in place of the involution forms as I
did in 1889, i. e,, with small graduated doses with a progressive in-
crease of strength to produce, by degrees, an increased power of the
tissues to resist the action of the tubercle bacilli. During the early
use of all preparations made directly from tubercle bacilli some of the
medical profession made grave mistakes, and by administering large
and too frequent doses they killed the tissues, and often caused gen-
eral tuberculosis. In this way a hypersusceptibility was maintained
0t all times,
Digitized by
Google
742 EIGnTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
THESE PRODUCTS ARE PREPARED IN THE FOLLOWING STRENGTHS.
SUSPENSION OF DEAD TUBERCLE BACILLI.
This Suspension is supplied in the following series of dilutions, so
that the doses may be increased as deemed advisable:
Dilution No. 1, containing one one-thousands of a milligram
(0.000,001 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 2, containing one one-hundredth of a milligram
(0.000,01 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 3, containing two one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,02 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 4, containing three one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,03 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 5, containing four one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,04 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 6, containing five one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000.05 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
.Dilution No. 7, containing six one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,06 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 8, containing seven one-hundredths of a miUigram
(0.000,07 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 9, containing eight one-hundredths of a miUigram
(0.000,Q8 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 10, containing nine one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,09 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli).
DUution No. 11, containing ten one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,10 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 12, containing eleven one-hundredths of a mUligram
(0.000,11 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 13, containing twelve one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,12 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 14, containing thirteen one-hundredths of a milligram
(0.000,13 gram) of dead tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 15, containing fourteen one-hundredths of a miUigram
(0.000,14 gram) of dead tubercle bacilH.
Dilution No. 16, containing fifteen one-hundredths of a mUligram
(0.000,15 gram) of dead tubercle bacUli.
TUBERCLE BACTILLI EXTRACT.
This extract is supplied in the following series of dilutions, so
that the doses may be increased as deemed advisable:
Dilution No. 1, containing the extract from one milligram
(0.001 grnm) of tubercle bacilli.
DUution No. 2, containing the extract from ten milligrams
(0.01 gram) of tubercle baciUi.
Dilution No. 3, containing the extract from twenty mUligrams
(0.02 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 4, containing the extract from thirty mUligrams
(0.03 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 5. containing the extract from forty milligrams
(0.04 gram) of tubercle baciUi.
Dilution No. 6, containing the extract from fifty milligrams
(0.05 grnm) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 7, containing the extract from sixty miUigrams
(0.06 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
DUution No. 8, containing the extract from seventy mUligramt
(0.07 gram) of tubercle bacUli.
Dilution No. 9, containing the extract from eighty mUligrams
(0.08 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
DUution No. 10, containing the extract from ninety miUigrams
(0.09 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 11. containing the extract from 100 milligrams
(0.10 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
DUution No. 12, containing the extract from 110 miUigrams
(0.11 gram) of tubercle bacUli.
DUution No. 13. containing the extract from 120 mUligrams
(0.12 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
DUution No. 14. containing the extract from 130 miUigrams
(0.13 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 743
Dilution No. 15, containing the extract from 140 milligrams
(0.14 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 16, containing the extract from 150 milligrams
(0.15 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 17, containing the extract from 160 milligrams
(0.16 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 18, containing the extract from 170 milligrams
(0.17 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 19, containing the extract from 180 milligrams
(0.18 gram) of tubercle bacilli.
Dilution No. 20, containing the extract from 190 milligrams
(o.l9 gram) of tubercle bacilli.*
Each dose of the various dilutions is supplied in a syringe ready for
direct injection, and contains the strengths as above indicated. You
should begin with Dilution No. 1 of the Suspension of Dead Tubercle
Bacilli (0.000,001 gram) op of the Tubercle Bacilli Extract (0.001
gram). This injection may be repeated at five-day intervals and if,
after five injections, there is very little or no reaction, the treatment
with No. 2 — Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli (0.000,01 gram) or
Tubercle Bacilli Extract (0.01 gram) — should be undertaken. If af-
ter five injections at five-day intervals, this should not produce any
material reaction, a series oif five injections of No. 3, — Suspension of
Dead Tubercle Bacilli (0.000,02 gram), or Tubercle Bacilli Extract
(0.02) gram) may be given; then No. 4, — Suspension of Dead Tubercle
Bacilli (0.000,03 gram) or Tubercle Bacilli Extract (0.03 gram) ; fol-
lowing then with No. 5 — Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli (0.000,-
04 gram) or Tubercle Bacilli Extract (0.04 gram) — and so on, up to
strength No. 16 in the Suspension of Dead Tubercle Bacilli or to
strength No. 20 in the Tubercle Bacilli Extract, watching, of course,
for a reaction which should always govern the treatments.
The physician in charge should use his judgment as to how the pa-
tient feels in general, depending, of course, upon the manifestations
of each one's condition as to the strength, the weight, the sleep, the
circulation, the appetite, the cough and the temperature. When these
are good, the patient presents a good picture along the line of recov-
ery, and moderate reaction may be tolerated. It should be the aim of
the physician administering the treatment to increase the dosage
with such care as not to produce a severe reaction during the entire
time of treatment. However, if a severe reaction should occur, it is
advisable to return to the next, or possibly even the second weaker
dilution.
SAMUEL G. DIXON,
Commissioner.
*B7 the weight of the bacilU In these dilatiom Is meant the weight of the organisnu after
prolonged treatment with ethw to remove the '*waz.**
Digitized by
Google
744 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
The Extract and the Suspension for the treatment of patients of the
Dispensaries are obtained by direct application to the Department.
When a supply of Tubercle Bacilli Products reaches a Dispensary the
physician in charge signs a simple receipt, Form B. P. 508, indicating
the number and strength of the products which have been delivered
for the use of thia Dispensary under his charge. As the material is
used the physician at once makes a report to the Department on a
special slip, Form B. P. 501, if he have used the Extract, as follows:
Form B. P. 501.
TUBERCLE BACILLI
EXTRACT.
Gram
Dil. No
Lab. No Exp
Manufacturer.
Dispensary No.
Form B. P. 501.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Tubercle Bacilli Extract, Dil. No ( Gram.)
Manufacturer, Laboratory No Expires
Patient Address,
Date of use,
Physician's signature,
Address,
Dispensary No
(Place.) (County.)
This slip must be forwarded by Physician in charge
of Dispensary to the Department of Health immediately
after product has been used.
SAMUEL G. DIXON, Commissioner.
If he have used the Suspension he reports that on Form 502 which
differs from Form 501 only in the substitution of the words "Sus-
pension Dead Tubercle Bacilli" for "Tubercle Bacilli Extract." These
slips serve as checks in the use of the products and for the informa-
tion of the Division of Distribution. The clinical report is made to
the Division for the control of Tuberculosis.
When the preparation of these products of the tubercle bacilli was
begun in the Laboratories of the Department, the Form 501 and 502
were slightly changed by the substitution of "Prepared by Laborator-
ies of the Penna. Dept. of Health" for "Manufacturer" where it ap-
pears in the slip reproduced above.
The following statement shows the number of patients treated in
this manner at the Sanatorium at Mont Alto, the Sanatorium at Cres-
son, and the Dispensaries named from the beginning of the distribution
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
745
and use of Tubercle Bacilli Products from June 29th, 1909 to De-
cember 31st, 1913, by years, giving the number of patients treated
during periods mentioned with the locations of Dispensaries.
PUce.
Mont Alto
Gressoo
WUkeB-Barre
York
CarUBle
Lebanon
Emporium,
Johnstown
Lewlstown
Chamberaburg
Chester,
Harrlsbarg,
Altoona,
Bntler
Berwick,
Milford
Pittoborgh
Philadelphia
Rochester
New Bloomfield
Miffllntown
WiUlamsport,
New Castle
Sharon
Reading,
Lancaster
Scranton,
HeadTillei
Olarlon,
Lock Haven
Huntingdon,
Indiana
Montrose
AUentown
Baston,
Shamokln
Monongahela
Gettjsbnrg
Brerett
Haaleton,
Hastings
ML Carmel
Franklin
Tyrone
Philipsbnrg,
McKeesport,
Shenandoah
Hanover
Bangor,
Titnsviile.
West Pairvlew
Bethlehem,
Homestead,
BrookvlUe.
Beaver Falls
PbUadelphla (Frankford).
WsjnesDoro,
Wllklnsbnrg,
Sanbnry,
Tarentnm
Nanticoke
Philadelphia
Special
831
1
2
4
6
S
9
10
U
U
IS
U
15
16
1»
20
21
22
2&
26
88
85
86
87
89
40
41
43
46
47
48
49
51
52
53
65
60
61
68
69
71
72
79
80
81
86
86
87
90
96
96
100
102
108
107
106
109
110
HI
118
981
Number Patients Treated.
1909.
1910.
19U.
668
1912.
850
0
95
2
8
0
0
0
0
0
4
16
0
24
0
1
28
0
2
0
5
15
19
2
12
12
8
0
2
0
4
4
7
8
2
0
0
8
0
2
0
12
4
8
0
1
0
8
1
8
0
8
17
4
8
8
1
4
2
0
688
868
96
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
8
20
18
45
0
1
88
80
3
2
5
27
22
2
17
14
a
0
1
0
7
4
4
2
1
14
4
0
0
0
8
0
2
9
12
0
0
0
0
2
1
6
0
8
17
6
4
4
0
4
2
9
1,187
I
252
4
5
21
6
12
2
2
15
64
20
127
2
2
96
58
9
2
10
108
80
4
29
98
5
6
4
2
27
8
11
9
1
14
6
2
8
18
5
11
2
as
36
13
13
6
1
5
2
12
1
11
67
16
23
15
9
26
4
9
8,298
Digitized by
Google
746
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The following statements show the total number of packages of
Extract and Suspension supplied by months and also the number of
packages used by months during the year 1913.
TUBERCLE BACILLI PRODUCTS SUPPLIED IN 1913.
Months.
Packagea of Extract
Dilationa Noa. 1 to 20.
Packages of Sospenalon
Dilntiona Nob. 1 to 16.
T6U1 Number
of Packages.
January,
1,164
1,539
1,279
709
1.72S
1,34S
1.804
764
1,376
2,516
2.3S8
8.226
312
83
672
148
86
265
131
206
70
163
60
779
1,476
i;62X
1.861
February,
March
ADril
»7
May
1.809
June
1.60ft
July,
l!986
AUflTUSt.
969
September
1.446
October,
2.678
Nnvffmhpr
2393
December,
i]w
Total,
19,781
2.863
22,644
TUBERCLE BACILLI PRODUCTS USED DURING 1913.
Months.
Packages of Extract
Dilutions Nos. 1 to 20.
Packages of Suspension
Dilutions Nos. 1 to 16.
T6U1 Number
of Packages.
junuary,
788
688
778
774
1,072
947
1,089
1.179
1,120
1.403
1.343
1.665
88
74
129
104
156
119
142
78
66
88
106
121
826
February.
762
March
907
ADril
878
Wai: .::::::::::::::
1.227
1,066
1.231
1.267
i:Jil
June.
July 0
August.
Septomber
October,
November,
JlJS
December
Total
12.686
1.268
13,9tt
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
747
•I
(-1
o
•ss
d
a
w
0
m
TS
a
od
-M
,
^
CO
a
tH
u
Od
-*-»
rH
^
g
72
>»
q?
O
pd
01
-♦-'
m
ta
«
a
g
0
s
'a
2
H
<xi
s
^
g^
1>
M
00
U
d
0.-0
"g
S
1
a
0
F
•c
o
d
■i->
«
o
5
■g
<J
5
s
1
5
:S
OQ
"2
1:
o
P
s
QQ
'c)
4
OJ
Hpq
OS
pes
H
1-^
M
O
g
cq
P
H
i
ggiigggggg
1
V
§
8
^o^eeoooeo
sa
H
a
<4>e|j^ooooooo
R
a
^e^eoeoooo
S^
S
5;
ooe||^ooooo<£>«>
8
§
S
CJO^OOOOOOO
So
d
J3
ajo^oooooog
^
i
a
oo^gooooog
^
i
n
ooggoooooo
s
i
3
gojj^oooooeo
^
d
;3
oogeoooeo^
3
i
s
oegoooooe^
s
*
©oooooooeo
s
§
00
oegoeooooi^
ss
§
►-
^Ogoooooog
§
i
«0
50goooooo«
s
d
la
gogooo«>oo5
g
§
■*
s*§*S**^^*
g
§
m
|-|ogogggo
S
§
M
irsi§^*5ii
5
f-t
srsi§§s"i
i
S3j
il
■
•II 61
J
Digitized by
Google
748
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oif. I>oc
02
P
^
1
i
S3
M
§
^
OOMMOONOeOOO
00
§
S
s
§
«
9
a
Ob
5
9
^
S3
a
»
9
a
o
;4
9
s
n
§
»
^
§
00
«eaoo«,..oo«>^.,^^o
s
§
f
*s«**sa''®''a®
e
d
«
jgjg^«>r-u.OOQr3r^»
§
§
lA
j55g0^oo«,Or-ar-».jog
S
i
<»^
aaas"?:««;:aaa
IS
=3
#• .
9:SS$SiiSS::S8SettS
§
d
M
«S?9g*|S|S|§
i
§
rH
8^«3««as"s«
5
i
iifeisiii
1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
748
SUSPENSION DEAD TUBERCLE BACILLI-PACKAGES SUPPLIED.
January, . .
March
June,
Au^Bt, . ■ .
October. . . .
December,
Total,
Dil.
DU.
Dil.
DiL
Dil.
Dil.
Dil.
1
a
8
4
6
6
7
60
40
30
20
8
4
4
50
100
50
60
50
50
50
100
lOO
0
0
0
0
0
40
25
25
20
20
20
20
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
50
aoo
100
0
0
0
4O0
315
406
190
78
74
74
Total.
166
400
200
170
50
650
1.536
SUSPENSION DEAD TUBERCLE BACILLI— PACKAGES USED.
January. •
Febraary,
Marcti
April
M«J
June
July
Aivoat. . .
September,
October. . .
November,
December.
Total.
Dil.
Dil.
Dil.
1
2
3
9
7
8
1
10
8
7
7
12
11
6
4
eo
6
8
83
20
8
47
17
5
4
8
3
5
1
2
16
7
1
18
14
4
4
4
0
205
111
48
Dil.
Dil.
Dil.
Dil.
4
6
6
7
1
0
4
0
8
0
0
0
8
11
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
29
17
13
11
Total.
27
21
85
70
72
14
8
434
The following statements show the number of packages Tubercle
Bacilli Extract and Suspension Dead Tubercle Bacilli supplied the
Cresson Sanatorium and used there during the year 1913.
TUBERCLE BACILLI EXTRACT-PACKAGES SUPPLIED.
February,
Marcb. ...
June,
July
AUflTUBt, . .
September.
October,
Norember,
December,
ToUl,
Dil.
Dil.
DiL
Dil.
1
2
3
4
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
200
80O
200
0
0
100
200
0
0
0
0
200
0
200
0
0
0
400
600
200
100
200
200
400
200
400
400
400
400
1,800
1,800
1.400
900
Dil.
Dil.
Dil.
DU.
6
6
7
8
0
0
0
0
200
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
0
0
0
0
200
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
400
400
25
26
ToUl.
800
900
600
80O
200
2o0
1.800
1,4')0
1.600
6,760
Google
Digitized by
750 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
TUBERCLE BACILLI EXTRACT— PACKAGES USED.
March, . . .
April, ....
May
June
jDly
August. . .
September.
October, . .
November,
December,
Total.
1»1S.
Dil.
Dll.
Dil.
Dil.
Dll.
DiL
Dil.
Dll.
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
69
0
0
0
0
0
61
Ul
0
0
0
0
71
66
90
8
0
0
80
40
84
82
8
0
12»
U3
22
25
26
8
47
118
84
39
18
81
79
82
63
62
7
16
266
128
43
36
48
9
, 66
238
65
82
6
20
11
; 223
190
153
66
24
18
7
18
1 1,080
1,033
664
300
181
97
27
18
TotaL
69
172
214
189
817
887
262
684
448
8,240
SUSPENSION DEAD TUBERCLE BACILLI— PACKAGES SUPPLIED.
Dil.
DiL
Totol.
1913.
1
8
24
84
48
Total
24
84
48
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
751
,2
o
0
Q
fl
o
•53
I
0
m
d
00
pq CO
I:
an
^ .9
^«
OS S
«•(»>
« s
5 .a
s ^
.M
^ g
M
.J
zn
-:
^u%m%in%%
s
iOiAOiooeeeooifi«e
»
§
s
oigooooooogo*©
i3
s
oo^ooo-^ou^goo
S
S
s
OiA<4>OOOu>ier^^iO«
S
§
s
••«»ss*as*ss<*
s
Q
s
-SSSS^'^^SSS^S
9
s
««d"»S«S'*StS'=»JS
§
i
s
ao^00gOiQ«0Ogu.g
3
9
;5«>U>.^a.A5J.ft«,gJJ50
S
d
y*
?:i3*=»8«i3S««S!9«»
S
i
S
«a'«aas5;ia8a«'"»
s
i
*
8SS'*8SS35«"»$5^a
!S
i
oe
8a'«5sa««»"*Ras
1
i
►-
9eE^ss!2as?;^sss;&
g
i
-
2S!;S$9'-9»3ISSSS
%
i
lA
9^(3S$S9S^3;S8
§
i
■*
^S!$S$9;:^SS3SS2
§
d
•0
4:s&%t=9§;^Sg$S
i
§
M
S9S§^SS9S;r:gSg9
g
i
r-t
Sg^SSeggSSglgig
!•
i
4d
Digitized by
Google
752
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
1
iSgg§$§S§§^§
1
IjO
i
s
tAMeoFifr4oou»eooo«
n
Q
s
idN-^t*-* © OOO -^tHCO
u
S3
t-<»eci©oooo'<*Mi6M
&
§
?;
»-t eo th ^ © th N >* LS j^ -♦ «o
^
t^eioMOMt^HVNu)^
cjt-it-©t-t-©«oe«i--HO
<Or-l©t>90t&N(i<)lA©Q0e9
?3S
eO^OOOlCOiHOr-I^OO
Or-l<-IO
-l■^lOoo©QO«<^cooo©■>^«^
-
-'^SS;:S55'*;i?3S3s
3
§
e
cc^jj^j^ot-^SjjejjHor-
g
t-«N<s»«»2t-a.t-©^
«25aS:5S^«
C^r-f~c4e<oc^«M0>e<«3ian^
l3?3S3:S8S8S9*aaS
SSS^SIS$S3S$2^^^;3:
099^e«c3e<3c«5iHkota'«u»
SSI$£s$:^^lSSS$9 Ig
sg?rssggs|^S5; ||
a i ^ -"wJ 3 3 3 27 «-^ ^ **
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
753
i
02
o
^
M
s
^
o
P
i
28SSS8S«^S8S
§
S
U»
§
»
kA
§
a
a
§
s
s
§
a
oooeeootaooioiAo
s
§
a
oooeooteooetooe
a
i
s
oo«Deoogg<4>ooo
9
s
Ok
000«U»OgOOO<^g
.s
§
00
oiotpt-o^ooeuaog
8
»»
OO«^OOOOOl0iOOO
a*
§
»
«5«»;ia«****a®*
§
le
8-»d;sa"»ai9*^«sa
3
§
*
aaa**sa"*sa*=»*
§
§
M
6«s«a;3a«~*«a
§
i
M
j^«j-gj«.oj9.fiu>o«ajg
§
i
iH
<jssa*«»s«»S"'«s
s
'
■
48—14-1916
Digitized by
Google
754
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
m
P
m
<
t -i
P4
P
^
o
P
QQ
i
{SSSSSS$gS&&?3
%
§ -
•^
§
iS
Mf
§
s
00
§
s
S
§
52
§
rH
OooooeOfQOi-te-eo©
(0
s
s
eooeiie«i-tMeOOfr4eio
3
§
0»
OOOt-MOOOdbOOOO
r:
§
00
ooao'«M<or<-Aoeooto
s
=
t-
uaeococooom^ooMc^Oi
g
§
«
s
§
lO
s"— as-^-^g-^s*
3
§
^
00«»QU.*«^«,JHJ.3«
3
§
-
• «gr-cogoa»^«cr-
S
§
M
ooe,«^^««,j3oo^.Q03
s
t
IH
«'S55a9*?3«**"»SS
3
i
'b: : : i • : of ' ^^
1
'
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
755
o
OQ
I
I
OQ
:^
i
n
P
d g
1
siasgasgeg g
1"
1-1
§
8
T-l
§
^
r-i
§
s
IH
§
s
00*-4 00 00 000
T-l
§
s
ooi-ioooeooo
rt
§
a
ooiHOOOoeee
»H
p
s
oo«-<eooeooe
r^
P
s
ooi-ieooeoee
r^
9
OOfHOOOOOOO
rH
3
f-t
Q
.
90i-ieeoo90o
^
^
s
1-1
a
d»
Q
«0
§
00
oor^eooooioo «o
§
t*
§
«D
'<#Oi-ioooeoefi
2
i
lA
•VOlHOOlOOOlOg
3
a
^
oo Tioeio idbo oia
2
(i)
s
M
og^oogw^goo
S
Q
=3
C«
lOOiHiAjgiooo^e
3
P
^.
^
«'§'^"*§«»®®a*
3
s
'
c
1
1
1
>
1
lii
i
Digitized by
Google
756
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
TUBERCLE BACILLI EXTRACT— PACKAGES USED.
January, . .
February, .
Maroh,
April
June,
July
Augwit. . . .
September,
October, ...
November,
December,
Total,
1913.
Dll.
DU.
DIL
DIL
Dll.
DU.
Dll.
D
S
4
5
6
7
10
8
42
23
22
4
4
1
TbtaL
S
s
s
2
7
8
16
18
18
17
27
U4
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
757
•-J
ss
ss
fHTH
e)
Q
s
r^rH
*«
s
ts
»-r.H
09
Q
s
rtrH
N
S
S3
tHiH
et
§
S
,-lrH
CJ
o
S
»-<»-l
«
S
o
rlr^
M
S
A
PHrH
CV<
Q
oo
iHr-t
ffl
t-
§
«
1-1 fH
N
»-<iH
N
§
lO
t-lf-l
C4
n
•«•
i-ti-t
M
o
•0
.
<-iiH
<N
§
N
1-1 »-r
CI
S
♦-I
«^
•i S
a 0
0< OS
a
-♦-»
o
O
;,^
a(
trf
&fi
ij
^
1
a
ri
o
;=5
O
»-H
•s
cs
0)
5
o
a
^
-M
•M
o
O
0)
:g
o
"3
Fh
^
^
cd
4-»
'M
•s
o
1
S,
m
■^
nr?
<i)
Fh
bf)
cd
>^
«<
CL X>
»^
»
w
Q
•73
&
<x>
d
03
o
:S
s
^
<M
'Z
0^
<J
^
90
c?
$
d
pj
p^
(4
o
99
-M
^
f,
fi
o
1
5
cd"
o
^
pm
>
02
d
a
•p-l
2
^
p.
<)
ctf
p
03
-M
OD
d
bC
3
o
•iH
^
^
s
'U
o
tt
d
03
o
o
p-H
fc
1
^
?^
Eh
^
Qi
(2
o
D
c
M
O
PQ
o
PQ
P
1
6,750
4,968
6,740
1,228
§
a
'=»a8-
s
§
S
*=*8S^
s
§
s
o^S'-
s
s
s
<=>SS'^
s
d
s
*='g;8-
S
S
s
«»5:g'^
g
Q
*
®»|-^
S
5
r
m
^ss-^
1
a
orjO^
g
S
<=>i3g-
C)
§
e
ogg^
S
§
d»
«8§-
«
d
Q
-
iSiS|»
i
s
t-
agg»
§
i
«0
§giS
«
d
lA
fgSS
•*
lags
Q
CO
§
M
lip
*
§
r-t
i|Ss
!
«0
t
111
s
&
Digitized by
Google
768
EIGHTH ANNUAL UEPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
M
»
o
M
O
i
i
I
s
?5
o
P
QQ
i
1
S
eoidN
t-
§
Id
eoioM
t-
§
?l
OOJOC
t-
§
s
oojfic
&
§
a
<=>og5«
»
Q
a
oogc
a
S
o
OOCj^M
3
§•
*
OOgM
s
Q
CO
eegc4
8
s
r^
r
§
«
<s
§
lO
OgOgM
fl
§
'•I
"SS^
s
§
•9
OggM
§
§
M
Sg|«^
§
=3
IH
s|s-
§
»
QQ
P
C
M
O
s
ISiS
=»»*» u
*8« 8
-a* 8
••8*
=»s«* ?
*afi* 8
•8* S
"^r a
§
a
-as-
S
Q ^
-as-
S
§
s
-ag-
S
§
*
-as-
a
asg- 8
seg- S
SSS' i
SSI" 8
S8S«
3§g«
ilS9 S
§S3« S
M- a
I- II *
IIP
Digitized by
Google
No. 14
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
759
m
P
t
1^
g
^
55
O
M
I
03
P
03
i
'5i°
!-
§
s
eo'^'O
Mi
§
i9
oe<4>e
•«•
i
s
ooooo
00
i
s
oo^o
s
i
a
OOJ^O
13
i
a
oowo
s
d
s
oogo
ss
S
0»
00550
S;
§
ue
oogo
s
t-
«;3S*=>
«>
§
«
«»aa**
es
§
lO
®5hX®
a
§
•«•
»aa»
2
§
M
»,go
3
§
N
«gg°
s
i
-
og2»
g
5- • -a
25*0,
Digitized by
Google
7eo
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
VACCINE AND VACCINE SUPPLIES.
The free distribution of Vaccine and Vaccine Supplies is made by
the Department of Health through the Division of Distribution of
Biological Products when requisition is made, upon the recommenda-
tion of County Medical Inspectors — ^for the poor in townships not
of the first-class and to poor charitable Institutions when asked for
during a local or general epidemic of small-pox — or otherwise as or-
dered by the Commissioner of Health in extreme cases. Vaccine ia
also furnished to the State Sanatoria and Tuberculosis Dispensaries.
Under the urgency of a serious epidemic, however, the stringency
of this rule may be relaxed, the safety of the people being of vastly
more importance than economy of administration.
During the year 1913 there were reported 798 cases of small-pox
throughout the State.
The following Table shows the total number of cases of SmaU-pox ;
the number of Glycernized Vaccine Points supplied ^ the number of
tubes Vaccine Lymph supplied, and the cost of furnishing Vaccine
Supplies for the years 1906-1913.
SUMMARY 1906-1913.
Years.
§
3
s
"a
2
«4H
o5
%<ja
li
gi
B^
pS
0O
z
^
^
t
1906,
73
1.610
110
168 47
1907
62
1,070
770
380
42 R3
1908
77
390
45 23
1909,
45
990
110
45 M
1910
168
446
1,820
148 59
1911,
159
2,843
100
191 29
1912,
501
4,661
100
266 6S
1913
798
6,784
40
847 96
Total,
1,883
19,224
8,060
n.l67 5S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
761
The following statement shows the total cost of vaccine, the credits
received for unused vaccine returned and net cost for each month
from Jan. 1^ 1913 to December 31, 1913, with totals for the year.
Month.
January, ..
Febmary, .
Marcb, ....
April,
M*y
Jnne
July
August. . . . .
September, ,
October. ....
November, ,
December, ..
Totala,
ToUl Cost.
$441 71
Oredlta.
^8S80
lis 98
119 82
3S2B
12 49
16 77
58 18
62
57 66
6»94
6 SI
68 63
12 OS
124
10 79
44 54
15 16
29 89
29 58
18 91
12 67
28 29
966
18 7S
47 60
2 74
44 86
39 01
968
29 S8
40 30
S84
86 96
19 18
189
17 29
183 76
Net Cost.
1347 96
Digitized by
Google
(7«2)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
F. HERBERT SNOW, Okicf Engineer.
(76»)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
(781)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 14.
DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
CONTENTS.
I. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION.
1. Regular Force, 767
2. Local Health Officers, 767
II. OFFICE WORK.
3. Corporation Reports, 768
4. Recorded Plans, 769
6. Petitions and Complaints, 76&
6. Orders of Abatement, 775
7. Draughting, 776
III. ENGINEERING.
8. Water Works and Sewerage Applications, 778
9. Water Works Permits and Decrees, 788
10. Sewerage and Sewage Disposal Permits and Decrees, 863
11. Design and Construction, 902
Pensylvania State Sanatorium For Tuberculosis No. 1, Mont
Alto.
Water Works, 908
Miscellaneous Construction, 906
Operation of Sewage Treatment Plant, 907
Operation of Garbage Incinerator, 907
Pennsylvania State Sanatorium For Tuberculosis No. 2,
Cresson.
Sewer System and Sewage Treatment Plant, 908
Water Works, 911
Miscellaneous Construction, 923
Refuse Incinerator, 980
Pennsylvania State Sanatorium For Tuberculosis No. 3, Ham-
burg.
Water Works, 981
Sewer System and Sewage Trentment Plant, 982
Rock Excavation in Main Buildings, 932
Roadways and Grading, 933
Sanitary Manure Pit, 934
MisceUaneous Surveys and Plans, 985
Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Celebration.
Design and Construction of Structures, 935
State Institution For Feeble Minded of Western Pennsylvania,
Polk.
Additions to Sewerage System, 936
12. Tests of Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, 938
Table— Pennsylvania Public Water Filtration Plants, 942
Instructive Information Concerning Water Purification in
Pennsylvania , • • • -* 950
Sewage Treatment Plants 953
Table— Sewage Treatment Plants Operating in 1913, 954
13. Special Work, 9fi?7
A. Investigation of Springfield Water Company's Plants
because of Typhoid Fever and Complaints in the District, 958
B. Investigation following the Flood of March, 1913, in the
Allegheny Basin, 959
0. Plumbing of Berks County Prison, 960
(7»)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
766 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
IV. FIELD INSPECTION.
14. Improvement of Watersheds, 960
15. General Sanitation, 973
V. EPIDEMICS.
16. Amot, Bloss Township, Tioga County, (Dysentery), 978
17. Bethlehem, Northampton County, 982
18. Connellsville and South Connellsville, Fayette County, 968
19. Franklin, Venango County, 996
20. FuUerton, Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, lOM
21. Johnsonburg, Elk County, 1006
22. Kutztown, Berks County, 1013
23. Nuremberg, North Union Township, Schuylkill County, 1024
24. Philadelphia, 1032
25. Philadelphia, (Typhoid outbreak from water-cress), 1362
26. Rauchtown, Crawford Township, Clinton County, 1365
27. Reading, Berks County, 1367
28. Sellersville, Bucks County, 1369
29. Sharon and Farrell, Mercer County, 1372
30. Tarentum and Brackenridge, Allegheny County, 1376
31. West Reading, Berks CJounty, 1382
32. Wrightsville, York County, 1390
VI. REFERENCES TO SPECIAL COUNSEL.
Commonwealth versus Borough of Mars, 1408
Other Cases, 1412
VII. CONCLUSIONS, 1418
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKU OF HEALTH. 767
DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
The following is a detailed statement of the work carried on by
the Division of Engineering of the State Department of Health dur-
ing the year 1913, being the Eighth Annual Report of the Division
made since the creation of the Department of Health.
I. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION.
Throughout the past year the operation of the Division has been
conducted along the same lines and with a force organized under sev-
eral subdivisions as set forth in previous annual reports.
1. REGULAR FORCE.
On December Slst, 1913, the regular force in the Division of Engi-
neering consisted of one chief engineer, sixteen assistant engineers,
three engineering assistants, eight draughtsmen, ten clerks, twelve
stenographers, and fifty-five sanitary inspectors. A full list of these
officials together with the names of all other persons who at any time
in the year belonged to the regular force of the Division may be found
in that part of the general report of the Commissioner of Health
which treats of the organization of the Department. It will be ob-
served that relatively few changes in important positions occurred
during the year. Special activities of the staff are noted in connec-
tion with the epidemics and in other exceptional work undertaken by
the Division.
2. LOCAL HEALTH OFFICERS.
To facilitate the efficient administration of the work of the De-
partment throughout the second class townships of the Common-
wealth, 1,500 and over, wherein reside over two and a third million
of persons entirely without sanitary protection such as should be af-
forded by the Boards of Health of first class townships and boroughs
of Pennsylvania, the Commissioner of Health, in the year 1907, had
the State — sixty-six counties, excluding Philadelphia, — divided into
733 sanitary districts, for each of which he appointed a Health Offi-
cer or resident sanitary agent.
In this division, so far as practicable, township boundaries were fol-
lowed. Usually a district comprises two or more townships, includ-
ing the boroughs and cities therein. For instance, Logan Township,
Blair County, including with it Altoona City and Juniata borough,
comprises a district.
Digitized by VjOOQlC
768 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
The resident sanitary agent of the Commissioner of Health, in so
far as his duties relate to the Medical Division of the Department, is
confined to the territory wholly without the borough, city, and first
class township because these municipalities are required by law to
have their own organized boards' of health; but everywhere within
his district, regardless of the municipal boundaries, the resident sani-
tary agent may be directed to investigate stream pollutions, water
works, and sewers; to render assistance to field officers; and to re-
port to the chief of the Division of Engineering.
Such work performed for the Division of Engineering of the De-
partment appears elsewhere in this report.
II. OFFICE WORK.
The general office work necessary to carry on the operations of the
Division, including general correspondence, recording corporation re-
ports and plans required by law to be filed in the office of the Depart-
ment or in compliance with decrees of the Commissioner, attention to
petitions and complaints, issuing of orders for the abatement of nui-
sances and menaces and preparation of plans of watersheds for the
use of sanitary inspectors in the field, comprises the subjects treated
of in this part of the report under the head of office work. More or
less office work is performed in connection with the subdivisions of the
organization and it is mentioned elsewhere.
3. CORPORATION REPORTS.
Under the provisions of Law No. 182 of the Acts of the Assembly
of Pennsylvania, approved April 22nd, 1905, entitled "An Act to pre-
serve the Purity of the Waters of the State, for the Protection of the
Public Health," it is the duty of every municipal corporation, private
corporation, company, and individual supplying or authorized to
supply water to the public within the State to file with the Commis-
sioner of Health a certified copy of the plans and surveys of the
water works, with a description of the source from which the supply
of water is derived.
Under the provisions of the same law, it is the duty of the public
authorities having by law charge of the sewer system of any munici-
pality in the State to file with the Commissioner of Health a report
of such a sewer system which shall comprise such facts and informa-
tion as the Commissioner of Health may require.
Thirteen such rei)orts were received. Four of these were from
municipal corporations and nine were from private corporations.
The municipal leturns comprised three water supply reports and
one sewerage report.
The private corporation reports pertained to nine water works sys-
tems.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 789
The Department has now on file information obtained in this for-
mal way relative to water supply in eight hundred and ninety-two
places and relative to sewerage in four hundred and fifty-nine places.
These are the initial reports submitted with respect to watej: works
and sewerage systems in operation at the time of the creation of the
Department and are exclusive of the reports submitted with applica-
tions for permits from the Commissioner of Health, which permits
must be obtained before old systems can be legally extended or new
ones installed. These applications are mentioned elsewhere in this
report.
4. RP:C0RDED PIuANS.
On December 31st., 1913, there were 15,491 plans oflScially regis-
tered in the Department, 2,196 having been added during the year;
and of the grand total 5,319 accompanied water works and sewerage
reports, of which 500 were added during the year; 6,629 accompanied
water works and sewerage applications, of which 1,111 were added
during the year; and 3,543 were of a miscellaneous character, in-
cluding some of the olMce working maps and those used in field en-
gineering and inspection work, of which 585 were added during the
year.
5. PETITIONS AND COMPLAINTS.
The Commissioner of Health, in addition to the powers conferred
by the new law, has all the powers conferred and must perform all the
duties heretofore imposed by law upon the former State Board of
Health, or any member, committee, or officer thereof, including the
Secretary. The. work of supervising the general interests of the
health and lives of the citizens of the Commonwealth has been done
in part in answer to petitions and complaints and requests for advice.
The Commissioner's instructions to give prompt attention to peti-
tions, complaints, and requests have been complied with in so far as
the Department's force made it possible.
Hundreds of communications relative to stream pollutions by sew-
age or by industrial waste, or with respect to unsanitary conditions,
inferior water supply or ice supply, and respecting sewers, sewage
disposal, water supply, and general sanitation have received atten-
tion.
Six hundred and ninety-nine complaints and petitions have been
acted upon during the year. Six hundred and eighty-five of these
cases have been satisfactorily settled.
Twenty-eight requests for advice relative to sewage, waste water,
garbage, night soil and dead animal disposal, and the location and
construction of cesspools, privy vaults, and pig pens, have been an-
swered.
49—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
770 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Oflf. Doc.
Common nuisances located within the territory of municipalities
having organized boards of health and made the subjects of complaints
to the Commissioner of Health, have been referred by the Department
to such local boards. There have been two hundred and ninety-eight
references of this kind during the year ; and at the close of the year
all but nine of these cases have been reported by the various boards
of health as being abated.
The places directly concerned with these petitions and complaints
are the following:
Stream Pollution: — Albion, Bangor, Bryn Mawr, Cambridge
Springs, Duncannon, Greensburg, Hanover, Haysville, Indiana (2),
Lykens, Marietta, Muncy, Potts town, Ridley Township (Delaware
Co.) Sharpsville (2), South Bethlehem (Northampton Co.), Sugar
Notch, Uniontown, Unionville, West Fairview. (22).
Sewage in Street Gutters : — Adamsburg, Altoona, Apollo, Arnold
Avoca, Blairsville, Brockwayville, Carlisle, Crum Lynne, Dale, Dur-
yea, Elizabethtown, Everett, Gordon, Greenville, Hatboro, Hyndman,
Ingram, Johnstown, Latrobe, Lebanon, Miners Mills, Minersville, Mor-
ton, Mt. Wolf, New Holland, New Oxford, Oakland, Penn Township
(Allegheny County), Philadelphia, Plymouth, Port Carbon, Potts-
town, Punxsutawney, Ridley Township (Delaware County), Rimers-
burg, Rockledge, Royalton, Royersford, Rutledge, Schuylkill Haven,
Spangler, Wellsboro, Wilkes-Barre, Womelsdorf. (45).
Defective Sewers: — Altoona, Dravosburg, DuBois, Glassport (2),
Meyersdale, Mifflin Township (Allegheny County), Mt. Pleasant, Pit-
cairn, Point Marion, Renovo, Scranton, Spangler, Uniontown, Wind-
ber, York. (16).
Open Seicers: — Barnesboro, Duquesne, Pittston, York. (4).
Unsanitary Premises: — Abington Township (Montgomery County),
Albion, Ambler, Ashland, Belief onte, Bellevue (3), Bendersville, Ber-
wick, Bethlehem, Bloomsburg (3), Boyertown, Brockwayville,
Brownsville, Burnside, Camp Hill, Canonsburg, Carlisle (2), Center-
ville, Chester, Coal Township (Northumberland County), Coates-
vUle (3), Collingdale (3), Colwyn (2), Confluence (2), Copley, Dallas,
Danville, Darby (3), Darby Township (Delaware County) (2), Daw-
son, Duncannon, East Lansdowne, East Stroudsburg (2), Elizabeth-
ville, Erie, Fayette City, Franklin, Freedom, Preeport, Galeton,
Gettysburg, Green Castle, Greenville, Harrisburg, Herndon, Home-
stead, Huntingdon, Ingram, Jamestown, Jersey Shore, Johnsonburg,
Juniata, Kingston (2), Lebanon, Leechburg, Lewisburg, Lititz, Lower
Merion Township (Montgomery County), Lumber City, Lykens (2),
McKees Rocks, Middletown, Millersburg, Milton, Monongahela, Naz-
areth, New Castle, New Paris, Newport, Nicholson, Norristown,
Northampton (2), North Belle Vernon, North Braddock (2), Oly-
phant, Osceola Mills, Patton, Paxtang, Pen Argyl, Penn Township
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 771
(Allegheny County), Perkasie, Philadelphia, Philipsbnrg, Pittsburgh,
Port Alleghany, Pottsville, Radnor Township (Delaware County),
Beading, Benovo (2), Ridley Township (Delaware County), Roaring
Springs, Scott Township (Allegheny County), Scranton, Selinsgrove,
Sellersville, Shillington (2), Shippensburg, Slippery Rock, South
Bethlehem (Northampton County) (2), Speers, Spring Garden, State
College, Steel ton, St. Marys, Sunbury, Swatara Township (Dauphin
Connty) (2), Tamaqua (3), Tarentum, Towanda, Tremont, Tully-
town, Turtle Creek, Union City, Upper Darby, Vanderbilt, Vander-
grift Heights, Verona, Wallaceton, Watsontown, Wattsburg, Waynes-
boro, Wellsboro, Wesleyville, West Brownsville, West Chester, West
Elizabeth, West Newton, West Manayiink, West View, Wyomissing,
York. (156).
Dumping Grounds: — Abington Township (Montgomery County),
Camp Hill, Carmichaels, Chester, CoUingdale (2), Curwensville (2),
Donora, Glenside, Indiana, Johnstown, Lebanon, Mifflintown, Mt.
Penn, New Bethlehem, New Cumberland, Oakmont, Paxtang, Phila-
delphia, Pittsburgh (2), Port Carbon, Pottstown, Scottdale (2),
Sharpsburg, Spangler (2), Spring City, Sunbury, West Homestead,
Wilkins Township (Allegheny County), Windber, York Haven. (35).
Dead Animals: — Canton and Washington. (2).
Swamp Land and Stagnant Water: — ^Altoona, Bellevue, Chartiers
Township (Allegheny County), Connellsville, Corry, DuBoistown,
East Stroudsbnrg, Jamestown, Luzerne, Media, Quakertown, Shen-
andoah, Shickshinny, Springdale, Trappe, Warren. (16).
Impure Water Supply: — Indiana and Seven Valleys. (2).
Three hundred and seventy-three complaints and petitions were
made the subject of special investigation and report by the Engineer-
ing Division of which three hundred and sixty-eight have been
abated. Thirty-five of these commanded the services of engineers,
field inspectors and County Medical Officers and three hundred and
thirty-eight commanded the services of the local health officers.
Classified, these subjects were as follows:
Nuisances in streams by sewage and industrial wastes 61
Impure water and ice supplies, 33
Garbage and night soil dumps, 39
Unsanitary premises, 156
Nuisances in street gutters by sewage, 28
Dead animals, 46
Swamp land and stagnant water, 11
373
The localities of the cases investigated are shown in the following
statement:
Nuisances in Streams hy Sewage and Industrial Wastes: — In Alle-
gheny County, Sewickley Heights Township; in Armstrong County,
Gilpin Township; in Berks County, Cumru Township, Hyde Park,
and Muhlenburg Township; in Blair County, Blair Township; in
Digitized by VjOOQlC
772 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
Bradford County, Monroe Township; in Bucks County, Newtown and
Plumstead Township; in Butler County, Evansburg and Mars; in
Cameron County, Shippen Township and Sizerville; in Carbon
County, Nesquehoning; in Chester County, Devon; in Clearfield
County, Bells Landing; in Clinton County, Crawford Township; in
Crawford County, Randolph Township, Richmond Township, and
Steuben Township; in Delaware County, Radnor Township and
Springfield Township; in Elk County, Fox Township; in Fayette
County, Fairchance ; in Franklin County, Greene Township and Guil-
ford Township; in Jefferson County, Heathville; in Juniata County,
McAUisterville and Walker Township ; in Lackawanna County, South
Abington Township; in Lancaster County, Salisbury Township and
Upper Leacock Township; in Lebanon County, North Lebanon Town-
ship; in Luzerne County, Albert and Dallas; in McKean County,
Bradford Township and Port Alleghany; in Mercer County, Grove
City; in Monroe County, Chestnut Hill Township and Delaware
Water Gap; in Montgomery County, Merion, Norristown, and
Trooper; in Northampton County, Lehigh Township, Washington
Township, and Upper Nazareth Township (2) ; in Perry County, Penn
Township and Perdix; in Schuylkill County, Ferndale; in Somerset
County, Summit Township; in Tioga County, Tioga; in WaiYen
County, Brokenstraw Township; in Washington County, Allen Town-
ship; in Wayne County, Damascus Township and Seeleyville; in
Westmoreland County, Millwood; in Wyoming County, Lake Cary,
Lake Winola, and Overfield Township; in YorA; County, Lower
Chanceford Township. (61).
Impure Water and Ice Supply: — In Armstrong County, Apollo; in
Bedford County, Waterside; in Berks County, Lyons Station, Mt.
Penn, and North Heidelberg Township ; in Bucks County, Springfield
Township; in Cambria County, Blandburg; in Chester County,
Schuylkill Township; in Clearfield County, Berwindale; in Clinton
County, Booneville and Green Township; in Cumberland County,
East Pennsboro Township and South Middleton Township; in Doai-
phin County, Susquehanna Township; in Fayette County, Braznell;
in Lancaster' County, Caernarvon Township and Florin; in Lau^rence
County, Wayne Township ; in Lebanon County, Myerstown and South
Annville Township; in Luzerne County, Sugar Notch; in McKean
County, Port Allegany; in Montgomery County, Perkiomen Town-
ship and Skippack Township; in Northampton County, Bangor; in
Potter County, Bingham Township and Ulysses Township; in Sny-
der County, McClure; in Susquehanna County, Dimock; in Tioga
County, Potterbrook; in Union County, Allenwood; in Westmore-
land County, Lower Burrell Township; in York County, West Man-
chester Township. (33).
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 773
Oarhage and Night Soil Dumps: — In Allegheny County, Creighton,
East Deer Township, Moon Township, Ohio Township, Patton Town-
ship (3), Plum Township, and Ross Township; in Beaver County,
Homewood; in Berks County, Spring Township; in Chester County,
East Bradford Township (2), North Coventry Township, and Val-
ley Township; in Crawford County, Vernon Township; in Cumber-
land County, East Pennsboro Township; in Dauphin County, Sus-
quehanna Township; in Delaware County, Felton Station; in Elk
County, Brockport and Kersey; in Fayette County, Connellsville
Township; in Juniata County, Fermanagh Township; in Lawrence
County, Union Township (2) ; in Lebanon County, North Cornwall
Township and North Lebanon Township ; in Mercer County, Hickory
Township and Sharon; in Northampton County, Palmer Township
(2) ; in Perry County, Oliver Township; in Sullivan County, Mildred;
in Yenango County, Cranberry Township; in Washington County,
Fallowfield Township; in Westmoreland County, Rostraver Town-
ship; in York County, Fairview Township, Spring Garden Town-
fehip, and West Manchester Township. (39.)
Unsanitary Premises: — In Adamis County, McKnightstown ; in
Allegheny County, Creighton, East Deer Township, Findley Town-
ship, Hites, Keown, North Braddock, Patton Township, Robinson,
Township, and Shaler Township ; in Armstrong County, Gilpin Town-
ship (2) ; in Beaver County, North Sewickley Township and Roch-
ester Township; in Bedford County, Bedford Township; in Berks
County, Geigers Mills, Leesport, Lower Alsace Township, Oakbrook,
Penn Township, and Reading; in Blair County, Altoona, Lakemont
Terrace, Logan Township, and Snyder Township; in Bradford
County, Rummerfleld and Wyalusing Township; in Bucks County,
Buckingham Township, East Rockhill Township, Penns Park, and
Plumsteadville; in Butler County, Callery, North Washington, and
Slippery Rock Township; in Cambria County, Glasgow and Lloydell;
in Centre County, Boalsburg; in Chester County, Berwyn (3), Devon,
East Fallowfield Township (2), Easttown Township, Paoli, Strafford,
Tredyffrin Township, and Valley Township; in Clarion County,
Huefner; in Clearfield County, Allport, Burnside Township, Karth-
aus Township, and Sandy Township; in Columbia County, Blooms-
burg; in Crawford County, Summit Township; in Cumberland
County, East Pennsboro Township, Enola, and Lower Allen Town-
ship (2); in Dauphin County, Susquehanna Township (3), Swatara
Township, and Wiconisco Township; in Delaware County, Glen Mills
and Thombury Township; in Erie County, North East Township,
North Girard, and West Springfield (2) ; in Fayette County, Con-
nellsville Township, Kifertown, North Union Township, and Wash-
ington Township; in Huntingdon County, Melrose; in Indiana
County, Centre Township, Conemaugh Township C2), Penn Run, and
Digitized by
Google
774 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doo.
Pine Township; in Lackawanna County, Cliilds and Thornhurst; in
Lancaster County ^ Bainbridge, Lancaster Township, and Millersville ;
in Lawrence County, Union Township; in Lebanon County, Avon,
Fredericksburg, Lawn, and Palmyra (3) ; in Lehigh County, Emer-
ald; in Luzerne County, Dupont (2), Fairmount Township, Pittston
Township, Sebastopol, and West Nanticoke; in Lycoming County,
Loyalsock Township (6), and Trout Run; in Mercer County, Hick-
ory Township and Pyma turning Township; in Monroe County, Bar-
tonville. Chestnut Hill Township, and Tobyhanna; in Montgomery
County, Fitzwatertown and Upper Dublin Township; in Northamp-
ton County, Bethlehem Township, Cherry Hill, Danielsvile, and
Lower Saucon Township; in Perry County, Sterrett Gap; in Schuyl-
kill County, Butler Township, Girardville, Lost Creek', Mahanoy
Planes, Nuremberg, Pine Grove Township, Porter Township, and
West Mahanoy Township ; in Snyder County, Franklin Township ; in
Sullivan County, Forks Township; in Tioga County, Knoxville; in
Union County, Glen Iron ; in Venango County, Clinton Township ; in
Warren County, Sheffield Township and Warren; in Washington
County, Buffalo Township, Canton Township (2), East Pike Run
Township, and North Franklin Township ; in Wayne County, Palmyra
Township (2), and Texas Township; in Westmoreland County, Alle-
gheny Township (2), Arona, Derry Township, Hempfield Township,
Herminie, Lower Burrell Township, Penn Township (3), and Ros-
traver Township (2) ; in York County, Fairview Township, Newberry
Township, and Spring Garden Township. (156).
Nuisances in Street Cutters hy Sewage: — In Allegheny County,
Bethel Township and Hoboken; in Beaver County, North Sewickley
Township; in Berks County, Amity ville; in Bucks County, Bristol
Township and Doylestown Township; in Carbon County, Nesque-
honing; in Columbia County, Rupert; in Dauphin County, Derry
Church, Lucknow, and Wiconisco Township; in Delaware County,
Cheyney; in Fayette County, East Liberty and Upper Tyrone Town-
ship; in Lancaster County, Blue Ball; in Lawrence County, Union
Township; in Lebanon County, Annville; in Montgomery County,
Huntingdon Valley, Jefferson ville, and Plymouth Township; in
Schuylkill County, Pine Grove Township and William Penn ; in Sny-
der County, Beavertown; in Warren County, Sheffield; in Wayne
County, Texas Township; in Westmoreland County, Allegheny Town-
ship and Livermore; in York County, Mt. Top. (28).
Dead Animals: — In Allegheny County, Findley Township; in Arm-
strong County, Leechburg and Madison Township ; in Bedford County,
Hopewell Township and Maria; in Bradford County, Springfield
Township; in Cambria County, Nant-y-Glo; in Carbon County, Lehigh
Gap; in Centre County, Rush Township; in Chester County, Willis-
town Township: in Clearfield County, Brady Township; in Columbia
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF IIKALTH. 775
County, Anstes; in Dauphin County, Lower Swatara Township and
Susquehanna Township (2); in Erie County, Amity Township; in
Jefferson County, Snyder Township; in Juniata County, Fermanagh
Township; in Laticaster County, Mastersonville and Pequea Town-
ship; in Lawrence County, Slippery Rock Township; in Lebanon
County, Palmyra and South Annville Township; in Lehigh County,
Upper Saucon Township and Washington Township; in Luzerne
County, Alderson (2) and Foster Township; in Lycoming County,
Cogan House Township and Roaring Branch; in McKean County,
Bradford Township; in Monroe County, Hamilton Township and
Stroud Township; in Montour County, Mayberry Township (2); in
Snyder County, Beaver Springs (2) ; in Tioga County, Chatham
Township, and Union Township; in Union County, East Buffalo
Township; in Venango County, Oil Creek Township; in Washington
County, Buffalo Township and Hackett; in Wyoming County ^ Me-
hoopany; in York County, Newberry Township. (45).
Swamp Land and Stagnant Water: — In Fayette County, North
Union Township; in Lancaster County, Manheim Township; in Z/cft-
anon County, North Lebanon Township; in Luzerne County, West
Nanticoke; in Lycoming County, Loyalsock Township; in Monroe
County, Mt. Pocono; in ^Northumberland County, Point Township; in
Somerset County, Summit Township ; in Westmoreland County, East
Huntingdon Township and Jacksonville; in York County, West Man-
chester Township. ( 11 ) .
6. ORDERS OF ABA'n^MENT.
To do away with possible causes of disease and mortality in the
way of public menaces and nuisances, more especially outside of the
boroughs and cities and within the watersheds of streams drawn upon
for water supplies, the Commissioner of Health has the power and
authority to order such nuisances and menaces to be abated and re-
moved. Upon examination made by any persons duly authorized
by the Commissioner of Health so to do, information as to the facts
is submitted to this office and thereupon an order to abate may be
issued. These orders are signed by the Commissioner of Health and
served by the field or local health officers. Many hundreds of prop-
erties have been put in sanitary condition upon inspection and the
verbal request of the field or local health officer,' without resort to
the issuing of a formal order of abatement.
Nine thousand and nineteen written orders have been prepared for
issuance during the year. Except for twenty-eight, these notices
have been made out as the result of inspections by field officers of
the Department and have been for the abatement of nuisances pollut-
ing or menacing the purity of streams from which public water sup-
plies are drawn. The twenty-eight orders referred to have been for
Digitized by
Google
770 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
the abatement of unsanitary conditions in general, mostly reported
by local health officers. A more detailed statement of these orders
of abatement is given elsewhere in this report.
7. DRAUGHTING.
The work of the draughting room has continued as in preceding
years and is carried out as part of the work of the Design and Con-
struction Section of the Division of Engineering. It consists chiefly
of map tracing and chart making for the various divisions of the De-
partment as well as work on the design and construction of water
works, sewerage systems and miscellaneous engineering work at the
State sanatoria. As in 1912 the work of compiling township atlases
of the various counties in the State was continued, making use of
material furnished by atlases, the U. S. Geological Survey sheets and
the reports of the field inspectors. Besides this regular work, county,
township, borough, atnd village maps were made for use of the field
inspectors and for the Medical Division and tlie Division of Distribu-
tion of Biological supplies.
The work of the draughtsmen is shown in the following table ac-
cording to the proportional part of the time of the entire draughting
force:
Field work in connection with designs and construction , 24%
Office work in connection with designs and construction 12%
Division of Engineering, township maps, etc., 52%
Other divisions, charts, tables, etc., 12%
100%
The maps, drawings and charts made during the year are as fol-
lows:
Borough maps for inspection work (drawn) , 61
Borough maps for inspection work (revised), 11
Township maps , for inspection work (drawn) , , 203
Township maps , for inspection work (revised) 008
Miscellaneous maps and charts for Engineering Division, 89
Charts, tables, etc., for other divisions 51
Total number, 1 ,023
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
777
The following table gives in detail the number of maps of various
political divisions made for each county:
SUMMARY OF TOWNSHIP, BOROUGH AND VILLAGE MAPS MADE IN
1913.
Count}'.
Boroughs and Villages.
Uevised.
Xdams
Armstrong,
Beaver,
Bedford
Berks
Blalr
Bradford
Bucks
Butler,
Cambria
Cameron
Carbon
Centre
Chester
Clarion,
Clearfield
Clinton,
Columbia,
Crawford
Cumberland,
Dauphin,
Delaware
Elk
Erie
Fayette
Forest
Franklin
Greene
Indiana
Jefferson,
Lackawanna, ...
Lancaster,
Lawrence,
I^hlgh
Luzerne
Lycoming,
McKean
Mercer,
Monroe
Montgomery, ...
Northumberland.
Potter,
SohnylklU,
Slnyder
Somerset,
Sullivan
Susquehanna,
Tioga
Union,
Venango,
Warren,
Washington, . .
Wayne,
Westmoreland,
Wyoming
York,
3
34
0
1
2
0
0
4
0
3
0,
81
17 1
48
0.
1
0 1
3
•> 1
10
o
4
0
2
0 1
»;
®i
1 '
0!
2
u
8
8
6
0
10
9 .
2
4
7
lii
4G
0 1
1
0,
6
ot
4
13
16
4
1
6
4
3
1 1
0 1
6
o'
16.
0
6
4
19
2
1
1
1
1
32
4
26
1 ,
17 1
6
6
3
20
6
52 .
0
4
0
12
24,
26
7'
2
oj
15
81
7
15
6
3
21
0
1
1
8
24 1
18,
o'
^\
3
5'
91
2,
8
1'
80
0'
Jl
0
0'
7
0
0
1
0
0
01
0'
0
0
0
0
0
0
4 I
0
0'
0
3
0
1 .
0'
0'
1
0!
ol
0
0
1
0'
0;
4 I
0'
0 I
0
5 1
0
0
V
8 ,
0
0:
2
0 ,
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Digitized by
Google
778 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
III. ENGINEERING.
8. WATER WORKS AND SEWERAGE APPLICATIONS.
The review of plans of proposed sewerage and water works sys-
tems and of extension to existing systems, and the making of investi-
gations and reports in relation thereto has been an important part of
the work performed by the Enginering Division.
There were 252 sewerage and water works applications received
by the Department and recorded during the year; 105 pertaining to
water works and 147 pertaining to sewerage. Of the water works ap-
plications 31 were sent in by municipalities and 74 by private corpora-
tions. Of the sewerage applications 130 were made by municipali-
ties and 17 by private corporations and individuals.
The water works applications may be classified as follows: twenty-
six for ground water sources; ten for both ground and surface waters;
and sixty -nine for surface water sources. In sixteen cases the appli-
cations provided for the purification by filtration of the surface water
sources and in one case for the purification by filtration of a well
water source. In nine cases the applications provide for chemical
disinfection of tlie supplies, in two instances where the water was
already being filtered. In seventeen instances the surface waters
were being filtered at the time the applications for extensions were
made, namely in the following cases:
WATER WORKS APPLICATIONS WHERE SUPPLY WAS BEING
FILTERED.
1. Apollo Water Works Company.
2. Beaver Valley Water Company.
3. Bristol (First application),
4. Bristol (Second application).
5. Citizens Water Company of Canton (Mill Creek Supply).
6. C^itizens Water Company of Washington.
7. Coatesville.
8. Danville.
9. Danville State Hospital for Insane.
10. Ell wood Water Company.
11. Huntingdon Water Supply Company.
12. Linn. Guy F.— Whitaker Borough (To secure supi)ly from South Pittsburgh
Water Company).
13. Moreland Spring Water Company.
14. Pittsburgh.
15. Punxsutawney Water Company.
16. South Strabane Water Company (To secure supply from Citizens Water
Company of Washington).
17. York Water Company.
Numbers 7 and 11 were applications for filtration, the former being
in connection with a proposed new source of supply and the latter for
a modern filtration plant.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 779
The applications for permits to supply water from new water filter
plants are given below:
WATER WORKS APPLICATIONS PERTAINING TO PROPOSED B^ILTER
PLANTS.
1. California Water Company.
2. Clear Springs Water Company.
3. Coatesville (New source).
4. Consolidation Coal Company— Jenner Township, Somerset County.
5. E}a8t Green vine.
6. Emlenton Water Company.
7. Greenville Water Company .
8. Haysville Water Company.
9. Hershey Water Company.
10. Huntingdon Water Supply Company.
11. Midland Water Company.
12. Muncy Water Supply Company.
13. Pittsburgh Coal Company— Rostra ver Township, Westmoreland County.
14. Tarentum.
16. Troy.
16. Wrightsville Water Supply Company.
17. York County Consolidated Water Company.
Numbers 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 were received at the close of the year
and are pending.
The applications for approval of chemical disinfecting plants are
as follows:
WATER WORKS APPLICATIONS PERTAINING TO CHEMICAL DISIN-
FECTING PLANTS.
1. Bangor Water Company.
2. Bath.
3. Bristol.
4. Citizens Water Company of Canton (Lake Nephawin Supply).
5. Citizens Water Company of Canton (Mill Creek Supply).
6. Emlenton Water Ompany.
7. Homestead.
8. Nicholson Water Company.
9. Troy.
Number 6 was covered by letter granting approval subject to the
plant being operate4 in a satisfactory manner. Numbers 1 and 2
were received at the close of the year and are pending. Numbers 3
and 6 concern existing filter plants.
The sewerage applications may be classified as follows: fifty- two
for sanitary sewers to take sewage only, twelve of which were com-
prehensive studies; forty- two for combined sewers to receive both
sewage and storm water; thirty-eight for sewage treatment works,
eleven of which included comprehensive sewer systems; and fifteen
for extension of time.
The applications for sewage treatment plants are given below:
Digitized by
Google
780 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
APPLICATIONS FOR NEW SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS OR IMPROVE-
MENTS TO Old plants.
1 . Altoona .
2. Beaver Falls (Tentative joint proposition).
3. Brackenridge.
4. Butler-Highfields Land & Improvement Company.
5. Canonsburg (Tentative Community proposition).
6. Clearfield.
7. Collier Land Company.
8. Edinboro and Northwestern State Normal School (First application).
9. Edinboro and Northwestern State Normal School (Second application).
10. Evansburg.
11. Farrell (Joint proposition with Sharon).
12^ Greenville.
13. Hillside Home.
14. Jeannette.
15. Lansdale.
16. Ligonier.
17. Luzerne CJounty Industrial School for Boys.
18. Meyersdale.
19. Middle Coal Field Poor District.
20. Mount T^banon Township (First application).
21. Mount Lebanon Township (Second application).
22. Mount Lebanon Township (Third application).
23. Mount Pleasant.
24 . Norristown .
25. North East.
26. Oakdale.
27. Philadelphia Hospital for Contagious Diseases.
28. Robinson, J. Catherwood. Estate, (First application).
29. Robinson. J. Catherwood, Estate, (Second application).
30. Schock, J. M., et al.
31. Seybert Institution.
32. Tarentum.
33. Union City (First application).
34. Union City (Second application).
35. Valley Forge Park Association.
36. Vesta Coal Company.
37. West Newton.
38. York.
Of the applications in the foregoing list nine have not been finally
acted upon, namely, Numbers 3, 5, 6, 7, 17, 23, 26, 30 and 34. Three
were taken up in letters addressed to the applicants by the Commis-
sioner of Health discussing the designs submitted, namely, Numbers
27, 29 and 35; Number 28 was dismissed, and the second application
acted upon.
The applications for comprehensive sewer systems are given below:
APPLICATIONS FOR COMPREHENSIVE SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS.
1 . Altoona .
2. Arnold.
3. Avalon.
4. Rutler-Hi^hfields Land & Improvement Company.
5. Carbon dale.
6. Carroll town.
7. Charleroi.
8. Clearfield.
9. Diiquesne.
10. Edinboro «nd Northwestern State Normal School.
11. Edwardsville.
12. Evanfibiirg.
13. .Jeannette.
14. Ker^for & Shipmnn.
15. Lansdale.
16. Latrobe.
17. Meyersdale.
18. Mt. Lebanon Township (First application).
19. Mt. Lebanon Township (Second application).
20. North Charleroi.
21. Oakdale.
22. Parkesbupg.
23. Union City.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 781
Of the applications in the foregoing list six have not been finally
ucted upon, namely, Numbers 3, 6, 8, 14, 16 and 21.
Places making applications for extension of time in which to ful-
fill the terms of the decrees issued by the Commissioner of Health and
to continue the discharge of sewage into the waters of the State, are
as follows:
SEWERAGE APPLICATIONS FOR EXTENSION OF TIME.
1. Bedford.
2. BristoL
3. Coraopolis.
4. East McKeesport.
5. Hazleton.
6. Kane.
7. New CagUe.
8. New Kensin^on.
9 . Northumberland .
10. Sayre.
11. Shingle House.
12. Uniontown.
13. Warren fFirst application).
14. Warren (Second application).
15. Watson town.
Of the applications in the foregoing list, Numbers 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9
and 12 have been acted upon, number 9 by letter, the others by formal
decrees or permits. The remainder of the applications have not been
definitely acted upon, pending the submission of evidence of progress
and good faith on tiie part of the applicants to comply with the
requirements of the decrees of the Department.
Of the 252 applications recorded during the year, 167 have been
examined and reported upon, also one application left over from
1908, three from 1909, nine from 1911, and fifty from 1912, making a
total of 230 applications investigated and reported upon during the
year.
The applications of the following public and private corporations
were dismissed or withdrawn: Millersburg Home Water Company,
received in 1909; Indiana, received in 1911; Womelsdorf Consolidated
Water Company and the Huntingdon Water Supply Company, re-
ceived in 1912; and J. Catherwood Robinson Estate, received in 1913.
A total of five dismissals.
The 176 permits issued during the year, 66 for water works and 109
for sewerage, include three water works and thirteen sewerage de-
crees not in response to applications. The other permits and de-
crees and ten less formal letters, five relative to water works and five
relative to sewerage, embody the decisions, requirements and stipula-
tions of the Department relative to the 80 water works and 150 sew-
erage applications acted upon.' A more complete discussion and sum-
mary of the water works permits and sewerage permits will be found
under their respective heads.
Digitized by
Google
782 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
A summary of the water works and sewerage applications received
and acted upon since the inauguration of the Department is given
below :
SUMMARY OF APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AND ACTED UPON.
Applications received in 1905-06, 155
Applications received in 1907, 236
Applications revived in 1908, 306
Applications received in 1909 324
Applications received in 1910 286
Applications received in 1911 , 292
Applications received in 1912, 340
Applications received in 1913, 252
Total, 2.191
Applicjitions acted upon in 1905-06, 74
Applications acted upon in 1907 , 159
Applications acted upon in 1908, 286
Applications acted upon in 1909, 278
Applications acted upon in 1910, 282
Applications acted upon in 1911 , 227
Applications acted upon in 1912, 303
Applications acted upon in 1913, 230
Total, 1,819
There were 302 applications pending at the end of 1913, seventy
having been either dismissed or withdrawn. Of the 302 applications,
160 are for water works and 142 for sewerage and sewage treatment
works. Of these, sixty of the water works applications and thirty-
two of the applications relating to sewerage were investigated and
reported upon leaving 210 to be investigated.
The 2,191 applications comprise 827 for water works and 1,364 for
sewerage. Of the former 198 were for municipal and 629 for private
plants, and of the latter 1,196 were for municipal and 168 for private
works.
It may be interesting to note that 258 of the water works applica-
tions concerned ground sources, 27 both ground and surface, and 542
surface sources; further, that in 122 instances the surface waters
were being filtered and that in 115 instances filtration was contem-
plated for surface waters and in one instance for ground waters.
The applications as received by years are shown in the following
table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
WATER WORKS APPLICATIONS.
783
Glass of Application.
1
1905-06
1
1907
47
"*24
71
6
11 '
17
1908
75
t
""32,
m ,
26
11
37
1909 1
V"27f
124 1
1
^1
12
85
1910
79
4
35
118
12
ZO
82
1911
65
7I
55
117
4I
ao 1
84,
1912 i
1
1
97
6;
48
151
3Si
23
1913
69
10
26
105
17
16
1
Total.
Concerning surface sources
Concerning ground and surface
sources, 1
Concerning ground sources. ....
28 '
542
27
2S8
Total
84
1*
2
827
Where surface waters were
being filtered,
122
Where filters were contemplated
for surf nee waters
for ground waters
lis
1
Total
3
288
So it appears that in 238 instances plans for new water filter plants
or plans for extensions to existing plants or the methods of operation
have been carefully considered and passed upon, or will engage the
attention of the Department at an early date.
On December 31st, 1913, there were 113 filter plants in operation
or under construction for the purpose of supplying water to the
public in Pennsylvania. These plants are given in the following table
arranged alphabetically, according to the name of the water com-
pany where the system supplies numerous equally important places,
and according to the name of the place supplied where the district is
limited or according to the name of the metropolis where its suburbs
are supplied:
WATER FILTER PLANTS IN USE OR BEING ERECTED.
1. ApoUo, Apollo Water Works Compftny.
2. Beiiver Valley Water Company, East Vale Plant.
3. Beaver Valley Water Company, New Brighton Plant.
4. Berwick, Berwick Water Company.
5. Bethlehem City Water Company, South Bethlehem and other towns near
Bethlehem .
6. Bethlehem Steel Company.
7. Bloomsburg, Bloomsburg Water Company.
' 8. Bristol, Municipal Plant.
9. Brookville, Municipal Plant.
10. Butler. Butler Water Company.
11. Cambridge Springs, Municipal Plant.
12. Canonsburg, North- Strabnne Water Company.
13. Canton, Citizens Water Company (Mill Creek supply).
14. Carlisle, Carlisle Gas & Water Company.
15. Chester, New Chester Water Company.
16. Clarion. Clarion Water Company.
17. Clear Springs Water Company. Catasauqua, Northampton, Coplay, and
vicinity.
18. Coatesville, Municipal Plant.
19. Columbia, Columbia Water Company.
20. Connellsville;, Conuellsville Water Company.
21. Danville, Municipal Plant.
22. Danville. Plant of the State Hospital for the Insane.
23. Eagles Mere, Elagles Mere Water Company.
24. East Greenville, Municipal Plant.
25. Elizabeth -and neighboring towns, Monongahela Valley Water Company.
26. EUwood City, EUwood Water Company.
27. Enola, Dauphin Consolidated Water Company.
28. Brie City.
29. Ernest, Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Company.
50
Digitized by
Google
784 EIGHTH ANNUAL KEPOR^ OF THE Off. Doc.
30. EvittB Creek Water Company.
31. Falls Creek, Municipal Plant.
32. Franklin, Municipal Plant.
33. Freeport, Freeport Water Works Company.
34. Gettysburg, Gettysburg Water Company.
35. Harrisburg, Municipal Plant.
38. Haysville and Osborne, Haysville Water Company.
37. Hershey and vicinity, Hcrshey Water Company.
38. Holmesburg, Philadelphia & Bristol Water Company.
30. Hummelstown, Huramelstown Consolidated Water C)ompany.
40. Huntingdon, Huntingdon Water Supply Company.
41. Huntingdon, Plant of the Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory.
42. Indiana, Clymer Water Company of Indiana.
43. Iselin, Pittsburgh Gas Coal Company.
44. Jenkintown and vicinity, Moreland Spring Water Company.
45. Kensington Water Company, New Kensington and vicinity.
46. Kittanning, Armstrong Water Company.
47. Lancaster, Municipal Plant.
48. Latrobe, Tiatrobe Water Company.
49. Lebanon Valley Consolidated Water Ck)mpany. Plant at Jonestown.
50. Marianna, Marianna Water Company.
51. Mason town, Municipal Plant.
52. McKeesport, Municipal Plant.
53. Mechanicsburg, Mechanicsburg Gas & Water Company.
54. Media, Municipal Plant.
55. Midland, Midland Water Company.
56. Middletown, Middletown & Swatara Consolidated Water Company.
57. Monongahela, Monongahela City Water Company.
58. Montgomery, Montgomery Water Company.
59. Morganza, Pennsylvania Training School.
60. Natrona, Natrona Water Company.
61. New Bethlehem, Citizens Water Company.
62. New Castle, City of New Castle Water Company.
63. New Oxford, Municipal Plant.
64. Newport, Newport Home Water Company.
65. Norristown, Norristown Insurance tSc Water Company.
66. North Bast, Municipal Plant.
67. Parker, Parker City Water Company.
68. Pennsylvania Water Company, Wilkinsburg and other Pittsburgh suburbs.
69. Perkasie, Perkasie Water Supply Company.
70. Philadelphia Municipal — Belmont Plant.
71. Philadrlphia Municipal — Tiower Roxborough Plant.
72. Philadelphia Municipal—Queen l^nne Plant.
73. Philadelphia Municipal— Torresdale Plant.
74. Philadelphia ^lunicipal — Upper Roxborough Plant.
75. Phoenixville. Municipal Plant.
76. Pittsburgh, Municipal Plant.
77. Pottstown, Pottstown Gas & Water Company.
78. Punxsutawney, Punxsutawney Water Company.
79. Quarryville. QuarryvUle Water Company.
80. Reading Municipal — ^Antietam Plant.
81. Reading Municipal— Bemhart Plant.
82. Reading Municipal— Egelman Plant.
83. Reading Municipal — Maiden Creek Plant.
84. Ridgway, Municipal Plant.
85. Hiverton Consolidated Water Company, Lemoyne and other suburbs of Har-
risburg.
86. Roversford and Spring City. Home Water Company.
87. St. Benedict, St. Benedict Water Company.
88. Sayre and Athons, Sayre Water Company.
89. Scranton, Soranton Gas & Water Company.
90. Sharon and Farrell (South Sharon), Sharon Water Company.
91. South Pittsburgh Water Company.
92. Springfipld Consolidated Water (\)mpany, Neshaminy Creek Plant.
93. Springfield Water Company. Crum Creek Plant.
94. North Springfield Water Company, Pickering Creek Mechanical Plant.
95. North Springfield Wator Company, Pickering Creek Slow Sand Plant.
96. Spring Grove. P. H. Gladfelter Company.
97. Steelton, >runicinal Plant.
98. Sunbury, Sunbury Water Company.
99. Tarentum, Municipal Plant.
100. Tarontum and Brnckenridge. Allegheny Valley Water Company.
101. Tri-Cities Water Company, Charleroi, Monessen, and Donora. '
102. Vandergrift Water Company, Vandergrift and neighboring boroughs.
103. Washington, Citizens Water Company of Washington.
104. Warren, Warren Water Company.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
785
105. Waynesbupg, Waynesburg Water Company.
106. Wernersville, Plant of State Asylum for Chronic Insane.
107. West Consliohocken, West Conshohocken Water Company.
108. West Pittsburgh, West Pittsburgh Water Company.
109. West Reading, West Reading Water Company.
110. Wilkes-Barre, Spring Brook Water Supply Company, Crystal Lake Plant.
111. Wilkes-Barre, Spring Brook Water Supply Company, Huntsyille Plant.
112. York and vicinity, York Water Company.
113. York County Consolidated Water Company, Dallastown and Yoe.
With respect to the sewerage applications received since the estab-
lishment of the Department, 442 relate to sanitary sewers, 564 to com-
bined sewers, 271 to sewage treatment works, and 87 have been for
extensions of time. The applications as received by years are shown
in the following table:
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE TREATMENT APPLICATIONS.
Class of Application.
Sanitary eewen, .
Combined sewers.
Treatment works, .
Extension of time.
Total,
1905-06
1907
1906
1909
1910
19U"
1912
1913
S9
68
81
48
52
45
67
52
68
71
82
112
71
69
49
42
14
26
33
29
83
48
50
88
3
11
12
18
33
15
1^.
165
ISB
200
168
175
189
147
442
564
2T1
87
1,864
It appears that in 271 instances sewage treatment problems have
been investigated and passed npon or will engage the attention of the
Department at an early date.
On December 31st, 1913, there were at least 93 sewage treatment
plants, big and little, in operation or building in Pennsylvania. The
following table is the list of these plants. There are many more treat-
ment plants for smaller enterprises, private estates and individuals.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL PI^NTS IN USE OR BEING ERECTED.
Cities.
1. Altoona, Blair County.
2. Ij«banon, Lebanon County.
3. Philadelphia (Pennypack Creek District).
4. Reading, Berks County.
Boroughs .
5. Bristol, Bucks County.
6. Carlisle, Cumberland County.
7. Chambersburg, Franklin County.
8. Derry, Westmoreland County.
9. Dormont, Allegheny County (three plants).
10. Indiana, Indiana County.
11. Ligonier, Westmoreland County.
12. New Wilmington, Lawrence County.
13. PleasautvUle, Venango County.
14. Washington and East Washington, Wa.«jhington County.
15. West Chester, Chester County (two plants).
Township.
16. Mt. Lebanon Township, Allegheny Count (two plamts).
50_14— 1915
Digitized by
Google
788 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
State Institutions.
17. Chester Springs Soldiers* Orphans* School, Chester County.
18. Eastern Pennsylvania State Institution for the Feeble Minded and Epileptic.
near Spring City, Chester County.
19. HomoBopathic State Hospital for the Insane, near Allentown, Lehigh County.
20. Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory, near Huntingdon, Huntingdon County.
21. Pennsylvania Soldiers* Orphans' Industrial School, Scotland, Franklin
County .
22. Pennsylvania State College, Centre County.
23. Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, near Harrisburg, Dauphin County.
24. Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 1, Mont Alto, Franklin
County.
25. Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 2, Cresson, Cambria
County.
26. Pennsylvania Training School, Morganza, Washington County.
27. State Asylum for the Chronic Insane of Pennsylvania, WernersyiUe. Berks
County.
28. State Hospital for the Criminal Insane, Farview Station, Wayne County
(temporary plant).
29. State Hospital for the Insane at Danville, Montour County.
30. State Hospital for the Insane, Southeastern District, Norristown, Mont-
gomery County.
31. State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, Warren County.
32. State Institution for Feeble Minded of Western Pennsylvania, Polk, Venango
County.
33. State Police Barracks, near Greensburg, Westmoreland County.
County. and District Institutions.
34. Allegheny County Home and Hospital for Insane, Collier Township.
35. Allegheny County Work House, 0*Hara Township.
36. Chester County Home and Hospital for Insane, West Bradford Township.
37. Delaware County House of Employment, Middletown Township.
38. Lehigh County Home and Almshouse, South Whitehall Township.
39. Middle Coal Field Poor District, Lehigh Township, Carbon County.
40. Montgomery County Home for the Poor, Upper Providence Township.
41. Schuylkill County Home and Hospital, near Schuylkill Haven.
42. Somerset County Home and Hospital, Somerset.
City Institutions.
43.' Pittsburgh, North Side, City Home, O'Hara Township, Allegheny County.
44. Pittsburgh Water Works Department, Sewerage at Filter Plant, near Aspin-
walJ, O'Hara Township, Allegheny County.
45. Scran ton Poor District, Hillside Home, Newton Township, I^ackawanna
County.
Drainage Corporations.
46. Devon Drainage Company, Devon, Chester County.
47. Doylestown Sewerage Company, Doylestown, Bucks County.
48. Hanover Sewer Company, Hanover, York County.
49. Nazareth Sewerage Company, Nazareth, Northampton County.
50. Palmerton Disposal Company, Palmerton, Carbon County.
51. Wayne Sewerage Company, Wayne, Delaware County.
I^nd Improvement Companies.
52. Buck Hill Falls Company, Buck Hill Falls, Barrett Township, Monroe
County.
53. Enola Realty Company, Enola, East Pennsboro Township, Cumberland
County.
Associations and Private Systems for Boroughs and Villages.
54. Brittain, A. R., et al., East Stroudsburg, Monroe County.
55. Bryn Athyn Village Association, Bryn Atiiyn, Moreland Township, Mont-
gomery County.
56. Cressman, Philip, for Perkasie, Bucks County.
57. Mt. Gretna Park, South Londonderry Township, Lebanon County.
58. VaUey Camp Association, I^wer Burrell Township, Westmoreland County.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 787
Private Institations.
50. Bethany Orphans' Home, Heidelberg Township, Berks Ounty.
60. Dermady Sanatorium, Morton, Delaware County.
61. Free Hospital for Poor Consumptives, White Haven. Luzerne County.
62. Glen Mills Schools, Boys' Department, Glen Mills, Thombury Township,
Delaware County.
63. Glen Mills Schools, Girls* Department, Darling, Middletown Township, Dela-
ware County.
64. Haverford College, Haverford, Hnverford Township. Delaware County.
65. Home and Hospital of the Good Shepherd, Villa Nova, Radnor Township,
Delaware County.
66. Inn wood Sanitarium, near West Conshohocken , Tiower Merion Township,
Montgomery Comity.
67. Masonic Home, near Elizabeth town. West Donegal Township, Lancaster
County.
68. Northwestern Anti-Tuberculosis League, Bells Camp, Foster Township, Me-
Kean County.
60. Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg, Montgomei^ County.
70. Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium for Consumptives, Eaglesville, Lower Provi-
dence Township, Montgomery County.
71. Rush Hospital, Country Branch, near Malvern, Willistown Township, Ches-
ter County.
72. St. Francis Industrial School, Eddington, Bensalem Township, Bucks
County.
73. Seybert Institution, Meadowbrook, Abington Township, Montgomery County.
74. Tressler Orphan Home, Ix)yRville. Tyrone Township, Perry County.
75. Villa Nova College, Villa Novn. Radnor Township, Delaware County.
76. Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Kilbu(^ Township,
Allegheny County.
77. Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Middletown Township, Dela-
ware County.
Industrial Corpora tions .
78. Blaw Steel Centering Company, O'Hara Township, Allegheny County.
79. Carnegie Steel Company, near Greenville, West Salera Township, Mercer
County.
80. Elk Tanning Company, Tannery at Stoneham', Mead Township, Warren
County.
81. Flannery Bolt and American Vanadium Company, Collier Township, Alle-
gheny County.
82. Howard J. W. and A. P., & Co., Ltd., Tanner}', Columbus Township, War-
ren County, (near Corry).
83. Morrisville Rubber Works, Morrisville, Bucks County.
84. Nelson Valve Company, near Chestnut Hill, Springfield Township, Mont-
gomery County.
85. New Jersey Zinc Company, Palmerton, Carbon County.
86. Norwich Lumber Company, Norwich Township, McKean County.
87. Pennsylvania Glue Company, Springdale, Allegheny County.
88. Rurapfs Sons. Frederick, Middletown Township, Bucks County.
89. Universal Portland Cement Company, Universal, Penn Township, Allegheny
County.
90. Wood, Alan. Iron and Steel Company, Jvy Rock Station. Plymouth Town-
ship, Montgomery County.
Miscellaneous.
91. Parkside Hotel, Willow Grove, Moreland Township, Montgomery County.
92. Philadelohia Rapid Transit Company, Willow Grove Park, Moreland Town-
ship, Montgomery C/Ounty.
93. Warren Water Company, Sewerage at Filter Plant, near Warren, Warren
County.
Digitized by
Google
788 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Ofle. Doc
WATER WORKS.
9. WATER WORKS PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED BY THE COMMIS-
SIONER OF HEALTH.
This work has beeti done under Act of Assembly 182, approved April
22nd, 1905, P. L. 260, entitled "An Act to preserve the purity of the
waters of the State, for the protection of the public health." The
term, "Waters of the State" is defined by the act to include all streams
and springs, and all bodies of surface and of ground water, whether
natural or artificial, within the boundaries of the State.
The virgin waters of the State in their devious courses under
ground and through the upland streams and main river channels
gather many impurities, industrial wastes of great variety and germ
laden, disease breeding poisons of human and animal origin. To
preserve their purity absolutely is impossible. The law aims at the
protection of waters yet undefiled and the continuing improvement
of the present conditions and the attainment of a practical degree of
purity in those now polluted. Measures advanced or instituted under
the direction and supervision of the State Department of Health and
under the law for the preservation of the purity of the waters of
the State may be sub-divided into those for the prevention and regu-
lation of the discharge of polluting matter into the State waters and
for the purification of such discharges, set forth in other parts of this
report ; and those measures pertaining particularly to the protection,
collection, transportation, and purification of the State waters ap-
propriated for supply to the public, the subjects of the water works
permits and decrees here discussed.
The above law prescribes that no water works system for the sup-
ply of water to the public shall be constructed or extended and that
no additional source of supply shall be secured without a written per-
mit from the Commissioner of Health. The investigations and in-
quiries of the State Department of Health in the consideration of the
issuing of such permits have been confined to determining whether
the supply or the circumstances of operation of the water works
system are or are likely to become prejudicial to public health and
what measures for the protection or purification of the supply shall
be established.
An intelligent examination of and decision upon an application for
a permit for water works extension demands, in each particular case,
full information regarding the character and magnitude of the
source of supply and the manner and means of collecting, conveying.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 78J)
purifying, if necessary, and distributing the water and the capacity of
the works therefor. This usually necessitates a personal investiga-
tion by a trained officer of the Department.
The need for detailed information is self-evident regarding the
source of supply and all features which might influence its purity
under varying conditions and during different seasons and kinds of
weather. The magnitude of the source and the capacity of the water
works system are also important from the standpoint of public health ;
for if insufficient, even if only during emergencies such as the demands
of a fire or occurrence of a drought, the temporary and reckless intro-
duction of a polluted emergency supply may result, or the populace
may be driven to the use of springs and old wells in a built up com-
munity where such sources are extremely liable to pollution from
neighboring privy vaults and cesspools. Again, it is imperative to
have at hand the full detailed information regarding the construction
of the water works system, the location of all valves and drain and
blow-off connections, because the unlooked for introduction of pollu-
tion into some part of the works may necessitate the speedy flush-
ing and draining of all or part of the system, the cutting out of some
particular source and the readjustment of the system under a new
arrangement of operation. Before it was required by law that the
detailed plans of all water works systems should be on file in the
office of the State Department of Health, it often happened that the
local water works officials did not have this information available
for their own use, especially in the smaller systems. In many such
instances the works were erected, or at least extensions, valves and
detail arrangements were put in from time to time under the personal
direction of a local superintendent without plans, and much of the
information regarding the system was lost to the water works own-
ers with the passing of the superintendent. In connection with the
subject it may also be important to know about the private wells and
springs in the town.
The permits and decrees issued to the water works owners are based
and conditioned upon the construction of the works and their opera-
tion in strict accordance with the plans and proposed methods of
operation filed for approval or in accordance with specifically re-
quired modifications thereof. It is therefore imperative that com-
plete plans and a report of the water works be filed with the Depart-
ment, as required by the above law, and that each application be
accompanied by detailed plans and a report of the proposed work.
The permits and decrees further require the fulfillment of such speci-
fic stipulations as the information gathered by the Department indi-
cates should be carried out in order that the proposed sources of
supply or extensions to existing water works may not be prejudicial
to public health. In addition to the requirements for the efficient
operation of the works these stipulations refer to provision for the
Digitized by VjOOQlC
790 EIGHTH ANNUAl. REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
removal of the causes of possible pollution of the sources of water
supply and to protective measures such as the sanitary patrol of
the drainage areas.
The preparation of these plans (of which blue prints are acceptable)
in accordance with first class modern engineering practice and their
prompt submission at the time of filing the application greatly facili-
tate and expedite the work of the Department in acting upon the pro-
position. Where the supply comes from a comparatively small
stream not many miles below the head waters, so that a house to
house patrol of the drainage area can be maintained and the methods
of sewage disposal and possible sources of pollution can be regu-
lated with the sufficient certainty to constitute some degree of protec-
tion of the purity of the supply, then the plans should include a map
of the drainage area showing the principal topographical features,
all houses, roads, streams, and other sources of possible pollution.
With respect to the sixty-six water works permits and decrees
issued during the year, thirty-five embraced surface sources, fourteen
ground sources, and seventeen a combination of the two. Complete
purification is required of the surface sources in thirty cases and of
the ground water in one case. Chemical disinfection is required in
thirty cases for use in connection with emergency or auxiliary sources,
or to meet special conditions, or as a temporary safeguard pendln.fi^
the installation of complete purification plants. The thirty-one cases
where complete purification is required or approved are as follows:
WATER WORKS PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED DURING 1913, AP-
PROVING OR REQUIRING FILTRATION.
1. Apollo Water Works Company.
2. Bangor Water Company.
3. Beaver Valley Water Company.
4. Bloomsburg Water Company.
5. Bristol Borough (First)
6. Bristol Borough (Second).
7. Cairnbrook Water Company.
8. Citizens Water Company of Canton.
9. Clear Springs Water Company.
10. Consolidation Coal Company.
11. Danville Borough.
12. East Greenville Borough.
13. Falls Creek Borough.
14. Greenville Water Company.
15. Haysville Water Company.
16. Hershey Water Company.
17. Homestead Borough.
18. Johnsonburg Water Company.
19. Mar-Lin Water Companj'— Filtration to be approved and installed before
using source.
20. Midland Water Company.
21. Morelnnd Spring Water Company.
22. New Oxford Borough.
23. Pittsburgh Coal Company,
24. Sharon Water Works Company.
25. State Hospital for the Insane (near Danvillf).
26. Suburban Water Comnany of Allegheny (^ounty.
27. Tarentum Borough (First)
28. Tarentum Borough (Second).
29. Troy Borough.
30. Windber Water & Power Company.
31. York County Consolidated Water Company.
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 701
The applications for Numbers 13, 18, 19, 22, 26, 27 and 30 in the
foregoing table were received prior to 1913. Numbers 5 and 24 were
decrees, not in response to application. The preparation of filtration
plans for sources proposed by the applicants to be used unfiltered or
to make safe existing sources is required in Numbers 2, 7, 17, 18, 19,
26 and 30. The modification of proposed filtration plans is required
by Numbers 15 and 27. Approval of plans for the introduction of
filters is given in Numbers 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29 and 31.
The remaining numbers in the above list, namely, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11,
13, 21, 24 and 25, concern the extension or modification of filtered
water systems.
The thirty cases where chemical disinfection is approved or re-
quired are as foUows:
WATER WORKS PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED IN 1913. APPROVING
OR REQUIRING CHEMICAL DISINFECTION.
1. Ambridge Borough (Emergency).
2. Bangor Water Company (Pending filtration).
3. Beaver Valley Water Company (With filtration).
4. Bloomsburg Water Company (With filtration).
5. Bristol Borough (First) (With filtration).
6. Bristol Borough (Second) (With filtration).
7. Citizens Water Company of Canton (Occasional crude filtration pending im-
provements) .
8. Clear Springs Water Company (Pending filtration).
9. Danville Borough (With filtration).
10. East Greenville Borough (Pending filtration).
11. Falls Oeek Borough (With filtration).
12. Garrett Water Company, (Temporary permit).
13. Halifax Water Company (Temporary permit).
14. Haysville Water Company (Pending filtration^.
15. Hershey W^ater Company (Pending filtration).
16. Homestead Borough (Pending filtration).
17. Johnsonbui^ Water Company (Pending filtration).
18. I^ebanon City (Pending filtration).
19. Midland Water Company (Pending filtration).
20. Moreland Spring Water Company (With filtration).
21. New Oxford Borough (Pending filtration).
22. Nicholson Water Company (Temporary permit).
23. Pittsburgh Coal Company (With filtration).
24. Richland Township Water Company (Temporary permit)
25. Sharon Water Works Company (With filtration).
28. State Hospital for the Insane (near Danville) (With filtration).
27. Suburban Water Company of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (Pending
filtration) .
28. Troy Borough (Pending filtration).
29. Windber Water & Power Company— System at Berwindino, Paint Township.
Somerset County (Temporary permit).
30. York County Consolidated Water Company (Pending filtration).
In twenty instances the chemical disiJnfection provided for in the
foreging list of permits was already being carried out at the time
the permits were issued, the treatment having been started in emer-
gencies, in many instances under the responsible supervision of the
Department officers, or in accordance with the terms of previous per-
mits for systems the extension or modification of which is provided
for in the 1913 permits. Numbers 1, 2, 5 and 13 require the tem-
porary or emergency installation of chemical disinfecting plants
where not proposed by the water works owners. The applications
for Numbers 12, 27 and 29 were received in 1912; that for Number 1
Digitized by
Google
792 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doo.
was received in 1911 for a proposed water works system for which
arrangements were not completed until 1913. Numbers 11 and 17
will be noted among the above twenty instances where, to meet emer-
gencies, disinfecting plants were installed prior to the issuing of
the permits, although formal approval of the plants was delayed,
the application for Number 11 having been received in 1911 and that
for Number 17 in 1908.
SUMMARY OF ALL PERMITS AND DECREES CONCERNING WATER
WORKS.
There have been 567 water works permits and decrees issued since
the creation of the State Department of Health.
WATER WORKS PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED— 1905-1913.
1905-06, 23 1911, 78
1907, 25 1912 116
1908, 72 1913 W
IvUo , ......«.•.....•• o4 '
19]0, 103 Total, 587
In some instances several permits were issued to the same appli-
cant. The 567 permits or decrees have involved 381 owners of water
works systems including four water companies whose systems, rights,
and obligations have passed to other owners, which latter owners have
since received permits or decrees covering the entire systems. The
owners may be classified : —
Mnnidpal water works systems, .. 77 Other institutions, 3
Water works corporations 259 Associations and private citizens, .. 27
State Institutions, 7 Industrial works 8
. 381
There are 589 cities, boroughs, and townships in Pennsylvania now
supplied with water by water works systems that have been examined
and made the subjects of decrees by the Department. A water com-
pany may supply several towns and in a number of municipalities
more than one water company are operating, as will appear in the
detailed statement that follows:
EXPLANATION OF TABLE OF PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED UP TO
DECEMBER 31ST, 1913.
In the first column of the following table are entered alphabetically,
with consecutive numbers, the cities, boroughs, and townships com-
prising the charter territories and water supply districts of the water
works systems covered by the permits and decrees of the State De-
partment of Health. To indicate cases of municipal ownership con-
secutive numbers are entered in the second column opposite the names
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 793
of municipal owners. In cases of private ownership the names of the
municipalities are followed by the names of the water works owners
in parenthesis, except that where the names of municipalities begin
the titles of the water works owners, the latter are omitted in the
first column and entered opposite the former, in the third and fourth
columns.
The third and fourth columns contain respectively the names of
private water works corporations and unincorporated private own-
ers arranged alphabetically, with consecutive numbers, and followed
by the names of the municipalities comprising the charter territories
and water supply districts, except where these latter are shown im-
mediately opposite in the first column. The number of permits and
decrees issued are entered in the last columns opposite the name of
water works owner where it appears in alphabetical order.
Digitized by
Google
794
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Hi
o
Pi
w
o
M
«:
o
»
w
H
H
n
K
p
M
o
Q
Q
<
m
H
o
-*1
i
%^
i
-|»d|0|aDH
IS
£8
9 a
"I
1%.
K !
« :
X3 •
O •
(4 *
9 :
a .
14
V 14
■M «
•I
>g
u
I-
111
il
-I
|IS5
(< d « 2^
^11 1
■S -Sff
Jfl^ 9 «S
16
^1
§f5
It
£-2
II
it
Ed o —
5 aj.o
B^ 9
tr_
li
e^.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
795
"^
"^
'^
• 1 *
" 1 • i
-;—
1 i
M
"
"^
'^ 1
^
-f
* •
r1
: 1
i 1
;-f—
--
^
:
• 1 c
9 1 . 1
:
:
. :
•^
:
^
• 1 "^ 1
"^ 1
\
:
-; —
• r- "^
:
•
:
:
:
-.—
:
«-4
—
; —
\
— T—
:
:
-T-
:
:
:
:
i
:
i
!
1
1
h
li
Is
<
i
s
S
1
■<
u
\ ^
! h
it
: ^
: iJ
i L
li
11
00
55-
3 1
1 i
a, L
S. fl
S
2
1
Si
:
i
«
i
t **
» 1
to (<-
•1
I
«
1
a
:
a
0)
9
s
5
.a
1
§
:
M
a
o
1
a
°7
^
?
-
w
,!:?
^
^
ff"
fc
^
.
i
If
h
B
1
OQ
gS
!l
gOQ
Is
S
8
1
a
1
|i
II
5S
is
9 OS
i
S
a
1
^^1
<'.
fl
Is
1
a.
S
St
ja
o
5
a
5
o
a
a
1
?
1
p
1
i|
<
II
<
<
a
S
II
5'
1
as
CQ
i>
a
a
pa
CQ
OO
«
s
ft
a
M
j5
^
'X>
ft
a
S
S
Jl
Digitized by
Google
796
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
fl
o
I
o
o
02
1^
H
PQ
Q
p
00
M
CO
&^
o
Q
Q
00
H
Pui
o
<
id
w
1
— '■ — r^ —
H5
1
1 :■
s
rH
.
.
1 :
^
r-i 1 .
9
:
•
si
i
t-»
;
• 1 ^
2
2
:
1 \
1 "^
^
*
^
g
:
:
: p
5
^
■
1
1
:
tt
i
:
T' f-
i
-'—
-^-
-^-
i?
:
;
:
: '
y
a «
a, p -
eal-, :
«
:
•
-If5 i
i
:
M'S*'i :
1
;
i C 6C fe
»
s5«t ;
s
:
pi :
J4
B
;
T"
§
CJ
1
a
^
a
''--
^
h
S-
li?
l
**
S
^
S'
s,
:
a
i
'
5i
s
"Si
11
:
^5
'
5
u
at
; a
1 «
:
:
d
^
•
1'
'2
':
ll
"a
OPA
% '.
1
a
fiQ
?
s
s
a
i: |s
^
IBlpianK
1
: 1 :
!
1
1:1 1 1
1
fl
a
1
Is
ft
1'
k
ii
r-
0
%
1
IS
ii
5
1!
St
1
00
9 V
•
a
I
1
1
B
K
a
a
s
S
S3
n
^
a
S
»;
»
P,
S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
707
m
■
; -
:
T-«
-^
---
w 1
[-
•H
; -
:
:
:
-; -
:
:
- ; -
-7
M 1
:
-';-
_i —
:
:
:
-'. ~"
:
:
■^
-f--
t-4
'-'.'
:
[-
-^ —
_•
-;- -
:
-7
:
:
hi
SQa.
_L.
-•--
j
*
1
6
^;
S
;
-'' '
:
:
;
1
1
1
K
2
1
1
S
2
i
s
1
S
S
n
8
15 Bethlehem City Water Co. (Suppliea in
. Saucon township.) ~~
i"
«
1
i
''-
:
:
I
s| I:
8_
§8
§2
&3
=&v
fe's
<i
r«
JO
Isf
Is
ill
ja
.Q :
P
SS
SJ
>k
II
a
II
ass
CJp4
*^
0
1
Is
s
a
1
8^
0^
J3 & C
s
6
es
.s;
0
it
1
i^^
^
i
5 S
3«
•9
4) ♦*
•^ojO
■0
0
1-
<
a
i
2
0
4
t
Si
is
-.ii
1
<a
1^
8
n
n
n
m
0
M
n
m
3
s
^
SS
So
gs
^
$
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
'8
p
.9
a
o
O
I
H
O
o
8
H
H
P
o
Q
Q
<
C
a
6
IBdpianK
5o
IK
tie
eg
8
C-88
«8 2
^1
i^
ens
8
5"
II
51
^5
>>
c
ss
^
i?
tN
^
a
a
e
8
o
B
9
8
S*^
it
>k
e
8-
IS
6 ^
^,6
Sf
C
e
?a
?i
II
f is
K
T
°9
H c.
11
11
ll
£-
Si
iiS
r.t
?ei
s
|£
£
c;
c
n
ff
cs
B
Cl
5
5
!^
« i
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
799
n
".PA
OmSS
. is
n
I
8
I
5 'a
i
8
d
SB -
li
O
:l: I
5?
§1
a"
II
P
9
0.2
"Son
h
» K
taos
pq
n
S
8
St.
8^
SI
n
««7
1^'
PQ
503 -^
n
61
Digitized by
Google
800
lijlGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. t)oc.
a
o
o
o
8
W
p
GO
a
Q
Q
;?;
o
H
S
£
?
^
5
H*3
IBdpinnif
ll
Is
li
=1 •
tie
■s«o
^§
£?
i
1
g
bA
a
K
^
BD
d
5
5
^
i?
$
:
ltf
d
a
d
1
1
1
o
0
M
if
la
k
ft
5§
t
s
It
E
II
fi
So
i
h
a
SI
ttv:
if
is
§
1
•S-
II
3^
as
ft
sS
SI
0
i
1
o
1
5
08^
08
OS ~
S3 "^
oB''
a**<
a***
a ^
.«'^
««
«
5,^
^
U
o
U
O
U
O
o
iJ
t>
S
S
s
<o
U
ss
s
IS
S
^
s
8
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
801
•
:
"^
:
"
CM
"^
"
"
:
il :
;
^
;
'-'
\
il :
:
'^
"1;
:
:
il !
•^
'-'
-[—
'-*
ili
r<
^;-
:
-]-
'^
:
:!!
^
:
:
''1 \
il i
^
\
:
:
:
:
:
:
j
n
It
j
1
n
a
C o
!^^
II
.a 4;
x:
o
s
g
o
a
SB
•z
m
s
©i
°^ s
* S
^^
* 8
ao
B-M
II
'C
•o
c
5
o
a
"5
P
01
3
©
n
o
§
©
§
1
c' O
«a
|l
41 Citizens Water Co. of Kittanning (Also
supplies Rayburn township and Wlck-
boro borough. Armstrong county.)
(Sold to Armstrong Water Co.)
43 Citizens Water Co. of New Bethlehem
(Supplies South Bethlehem, Arm-
strong county and New Bethlehem,
Clarion county.)
a
Mi M
:
i
i
■
6
a
i
3
B
B
O
11
a
3
8
B
©
d
«
h
©^
y
hi
a ^
s
3
8
II
a
t
:5 b
B
i
B^
Jo
a
5
i»
X
9
a
;a
II
•—JB
© o
e3
1
a
as
II
C3
lit
1^^
^a
h
a
a
X
J3
JS^
J3
.B
JB
.a '♦^
J3
U
o
O
O
o
o
o
t>
c
p-
s
?2
S
{2
^
J=
S
fi
51—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
802
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
of
s
1
g
a
^s
'1
"
:
CO
CO
:
CO
H
1 :
i
iH
:
i
"
:
C9
1
i
i
•^
:
5
1
:
:
!
vi
i
:
«
iH
:
fH
g
i
!
§
:
^
*H
o
i?
i
:
QQ
a
i
:
:
Q
P
M
Q
H
5
ludiDnmjf
a
"1 a
si
5
9
i
3
5
a'
«
2
1
53
a
1 i
§ 1
1 i
1 i
:
1
1
s
1
o
6
•
i
:
•
il:
1 i
:
s
ll
si
i
00
|S
do
is
=1
s
1
-s
ii
»
s
P4
CO
i
1
|il
1
Jfi
i
u
OS
5
1
1
S
o
00
£
So.
u
1
2
a
1
2
d
u
a
f
8
s
o
S
s
i
1
II
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
803
:
i
^
CM
--^
"
'^
"
i
-
1
:
;
tH
:
: 1
:
r^
-""
-;--
i
: 1
^
•^
r-
:
:
-[-
i 1
:
T-t
-
~|
■:
:
-7-
~
:
i 1
i 1
:
:
i 1
j 1
-
-
:
•
'•
'•
:
:
:-
\
I
-
48 Consolidated Water Co. of Coudereport. '
Potter county (bought Cltteens Wa- 1
ter Co., Oct. 16, 1906.) !
111
§ ^
si"
i
:
:
i
'.
:
! :
ii
M
[
—
1
I''
Is
si
Si
a
1'
:
i
•
.
:
•
:
;
:
i
i
:
:
S3
S 1 : |a| : S
S5
a
a
0-
s
oC
t
1
E-
(4
1 i
c
Xi
1
a
1
i
1
so
Is
if
a
6
a
1 =
a J
c.
9"
if
>>
U
2»
H
ft
Ii
1'
3
1
li
8|
II
l«
1
fi2
d
31
1
l|.
0,^
gco
51
0
i
I
d
1
1-^
P
a g
1
if
1
1
1 r
0
hi
0
o5
6"
s
S
S
»
s
6
S
S
s
g
8
3
Digitized by
Google
804
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
a
1
n
1
^5
'^
:
r1
"^
"^
04
M
s
'^
: 1
A
-; —
•^
: 1
i
i
'^
:
^
i
-;-
1
f- ■
—
_:_ .
-^
-— -
"'.-■
1
i
•^
1
OS
§
1
1
5
If:
10 Curtis (J. G.) Leather
Co. (Ludlow, Hamilton
township, M e K e a n
county. )
1
I
11
II
a ^
5
I
:
:
:
'■
:
1
s
»
*
:
i
:
i
IBdpjanH
i 1
i M
SI
1
P
IS
IP
:l
HI
■5aC
i
d
9
8
1
a
5
1
1
§
3^
T «
. >
1 u
0
1
1
1?
1
1
>
I
a
;
■
c
1
i
n
Si
SI
a"
o
1
1
c
i
i
1
«
1
i
a
1
1
i
1
a
£
Ii
a»-
1|
2
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
805
M
:
i
"^
'^l
'"'
;'-
l"'-'
^
—
-^-
:
-;
'^
i 1
—
1
•^
"-
^~
-;-
'^
:
^
'^
•^
:
■
-
l'^
i-»
~-
T-
:
:
~''
--
:
:
-^-
--
:
:
'^
:
:
:
\
1
•
a
1
!i
51 Dauphin Consolidated Water Supply Co.
(also supplies Bast Pennsboro town-
ship, Cumberland county— Middle Pax
ton and Susquehanna townithlpB, Dau-
phin county.)
:
a
o ,
^B
6|
l-'l
P -M
1
6
u
1
§
bo
C
13
¥
So
\
i ls|-
iS
1
1
lili !■: ! !«h|83 |
i
1
1
3
j
2
>
c
c
a
I
1
0
1
i
b
1
o
1
s
1
h
If
a, — •
Q
r-
a
•
9
8
L
s
i
1
1
1
■s
1i
i
1
5
1
a
0/
X
It
0
c
I
6
C
i
a
i
1
I
55
_5
c
i
IV
e
1
c
2
1
i
a
§■
1
1
P3
1
a
§
1
X
1
s
a
m
%
1
1
1
C
9
8
2
«
g
o
CD
ce*
1
B
1
1
03
a
I
Si;
•HO
Digitized by
Google
806
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
H*3
-8
■B
i
<
M
O
o
02
02
8
M
H
P
02
QQ
02
o
Q
Q
02
H
02
PJ
O
I
S
2!
Q
I?
e
i
It
IwIpjanH
Ml
I:
I
a I
I I
fit
a
1 5g
;2
5
j
1-
1
a »^
>
^6
1
IS
J
1
«
> 0
0
P»
m
S^
JS
?.t
S-
« s
11
as
1
5I
s
w be
e
^ P
a
^^ S
£7
bA
5 fl
«> 9.
S
S
a-
s
&
&"
9
g
s
§
g
s
tf
6
ft
a
1
1
1
1^
^
S
-<
S
1
II
1
f,S
1
«
a
II
•
ae
s2
<s
S
&-
s
§
s
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMlSSIONEn OF HEALTH.
807
I
IS
!i|
'H
,8
§ i
I
I li l«
§2
11
So
I"
Mb
U at €}
Mi
•go
Ml
«ii
2 *
p6
5^
Is
fe a
o;8
1"^
'6
a
St
263
H
9
§1
.5
Digitized by
Google
808
EIGHTH ANNUAL HEPORT OF TfiE
Off. l)oc.
^t
o
'C
a
a
H
O
a
;?;
c
02
02
\^
X
c
if
a
9
■indpianjl
ts.
?l
=» a
5a .
■S 3^
ss s
It
50
a
•Mis
£*-
r «< '
s8
£8
0
A
0
if
>,
c
8
g
01 .
X3 0
O'
U;P
a
iii.
0
<f
•>
a
JS^
p
u >,
u
o<;;
0
? —
B.
» f3
a
a>
u
&)
CI
«
la
V3
II
©a
|i5
Ch 8^
■'-i
1
It]
a
3
^
r* o*^
flt
c*
III
c
U
U
U
.7;
t;1
1
^j
Jj
s
S
e
R
^
6
J?
¥
t
8
5
4->
1
1
If 9
t
•a «
*',
gy.
il
11
s^
Sf
u
«s
0^
il
i!
"S,.^
t «'
^
15
"3 «
5
hK
«•**
of
c3 "
£
H
U
b.
h.
Ck
."5
'5
s
s
8
S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
8oe
1
1
i 1
— -
— -
-;-
-; -
-T -
. i
o
_ !
i
J
-^
M 1
T-t
"1
J]
: 1
7 -
CO
"* 1
—
-. —
; 1
T-t
-J--
1]
i
: 1
i
i
;
i
il
"
:
tH
- ;-
•
-f--
»-4
-[ -
:
:
il
"il
;
•
;-
:
:
il
1 :
i -
III
1
If
- :-
:
:
1
1
1
o
'r
j
6
1
1
CS
1
g
1
Si
II
ca
a
3
P
It
tE
if
li
CS
o
6
o
81
OB
1
u
t
£
c
1;
»
!
1 i
1:
1 i
4)
8S
"I
il
I-
13^
£11
s^
a-*
■3 OS
1^
5ii
21
§5
§
..
1^
c _ «y
cd O
11
« o
II
C C
Digitized by
Google
810
EIGHl^a ANNtJAL tlEt>ORt O^ TfiFJ
Off. t)oc.
H5
a
•43
o
O
Q
Eq
P
OQ
OQ
M
CO
o
H
Q
Q
o
I
S
I
5
w
S
S
I?
I
IBdiDninji
Q.J3 3
III
(« « H
3
o
62
^5
g2
5g
J?3
a*
aa
1
1
§
fi
is
s
3
|5
a
08
II
Is
<
5-s
■1
5
as
t
o5
II
11
if
li
o
o
c>
O
g
oo
A
o
K
b0
g
B
:
j
♦*
52-
U
t»»
e
K
iJ_
J
6
i|
^^
So
^ **
(H
Q «
jS
M
s,s
ils
5^
1?
1
II
O
o
o
3
B
s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
811
I?
P
.«
81
S
PQ
I-
50
a» k O
i
1°
-g.s
8
OD«f
i
IS
5^
Is
Hi
lis
IS
II
«2
: a
^5
a »
fl
p
8
«
•a
§
So
OS
si
2d
S
^1
II
|n
rl
§11
<j^
III
go
la
o^
8i?
a
90,
Digitized by
Google
812
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
H5
a
V
a
o
O
O
O
02
8
w
H
p:)
(^
P
OJ
H
C5
O
K
Q
Q
<
m
H
o
K
H
I
5
•IBdpinnH
2^
be
§1 •
C u
d >•§
S « 5
OS ''•C *
>S CM
? OB ee
llil
a--
OR
-§
t
5
c5
ee
s
?
bc^
fl^
<o
§5
b
2 o
o d
lis
•o^
<^
It
s
S£l
> o
►kS-
« c*
flS&4
n
»
CZ3
^
g
s
b*
il
i
^'
B .
15
1^
I
^
u
•it
^^
a
M
1^
gc?
S^d
t*»
k. d
9
^gu
XI
n^
c
11
~li
gis
1
?^f
O a;
" ?. y.
^1
32b
B
1
•22
Is
n
K
n
ts
H
§
§
s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
813
"
ev*
CI
ri
—
"^
"
""
"
W 1
1
:
^
CI
—
i
■
•^
i
-f
t
t
ffi
•^
'
:
^
—
^
••
»-t
- - -
-'-
:
-'.
"
'^1
''I
: 1 :
• 1 ■
i M
18 Hock, Coombe and i ....
Rrumm (Norwegian i
township, Village of
Mar-Lin, Schuylkill i
county.) 1
Homoeopathic State ,
HoMpital for the In- 1
sane (Ritteraville Vil-
lage, Hanover town- |
ship, l^high county)
(Supply from Reth-
lehem City Water 1
Company.) j
19 Hornor. H. M. (Sum- 1 ....
merdftle Village, B. |
Penn»lK)ro township, \
Cumberland county.) !
:
..u
1
J
ii
:«
It
lii
B
i
1
a
1
E
4
IS
5"
d
1
1
i
1
1
6
1
1
B
o
1
ii
1
1
i
1
1
1
6
1
Si
el
1
1
6
1
S
s
1
1
a
1
1
a
i
i
5
:
i
P
oi
a
a
6
i
Is
Hi
Q
if
si
f
s
»
i
s
o
2
2i?g
a
a
o ta «>
>>2
•^2
a
i ■g
1=
o
a
n
n
B
£
^
%
§
S
»
,
>»
a
e^
a
c
es
e
a
GO
|5
C
i
a
01
1
1
I
fI
a
iJ
p
1
2
1!
c
1
es
e
>
1
i-g
E
a
9
§
8
o"
g
w
S
a
n
B
22
g
§
S
Digitized by
Google
814
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
H5
I
I
o
o
DO
8
H
o
P
QQ
rH
GQ
Q
Q
<
H
o
s
§
m
I
8
S
ivdpiiraji
fl
I-
:i
I
III
5
il
0
« 0
§1
eoQ
&2
5»
9
-J
fl
I|l
S CO
ill
EBB
S
fl
8£
I ?
1^
a
«s
if
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CJOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
815
1
"^ !
'■'
reT"
T- -
-; -
'"
1 "
T->
IH
^
— -
-;
:
; ;
:
•^
^."
;
M
:
-
-^ —
r-l
i 1
:
:
:
: 1
I
I
!
'^
I
i
^
^ .
*
:
;
I
-^-
i
2
-|—
:
:
:
i
1
%
hi
-11
4-
:
;—
'r
i
1
i
1
1
1
8
106 Johnstown Water Co. (Also supplies
Dale, Ferndale and Westmont bor-
oughs, and Stony Creek township,
Cambria county.)
3
1
1
a> a
if
1
||
gfsl.
M
8
I
i 1
51
:
s»
;
:
fi
II
11
ll
5«
5.0
^ n
So
o «
U1
S-&
©a
©o
H55
IS
i?5
r
BS
Digitized by
Google
816
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
a
o
9
fo
o
O
QQ
QQ
8
m
H
Q
P
{/3
IH
03
»
Q
Q
Z
<
H
02
p^
o
H
<J
1^
■
s
3
1
&
1
s
1
g
s
1
^s 1
'^
'"'
c^<
■
': i i
C4
>S
eg j
e^a 1
i 1
:
\
:
i 1
»-i
"^
\
•^
^ 1
3 1
'^
•^
\
i 1
-'—
*-<
^
1 e<t
1 ^
^ 1
i 1
-'-—
i 1
1
^
N
;
i?
: 1 :
: 1 :
:
:
:
:
i
:
\ 1
a"
1
fi
u
if
1
&>
to
g
s
2J
:
:
•
1
CO
fl
B
1*1
3
c
t
a
f
§
at
S
6
t
ll
IBdpjnnH
9
:
:
1
C
d
Is
1
d
!i
h
P
r
fcoa
St
K 5
M u
a
•§
5
1
£
i
5
*i
ll
si
&;?
S
1
e
d
»^
a*
1
— *
1
1
a
0
o
11
|i
i
6C
d
Q.
11
soft
§1
2i
a
K
d
9
8
1
s
s
I
<
a
is
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
817
i
-1
'^
•^
"^ 1
:
Mil
:
:
iH 1
i li 1
:
'^
'^
i li 1
r 1
i 1
Ti
- —
'^
i
i 1; 1
i li 1
:
:
:—
! i
■ : 1
i \ i
-: — .
Mil
j
I
I j
j :
i :
:
1 *:
I :
5"
b
il
fll
•a
0
!| I
1: 1
i= i
:
1
1
1
i
1
1
: I
: i
•
:
is
a
If
If
r
e
B
1
hi
is
1 !
1 :
i :
1
1
i
^
«
1
1 ;
li
li
1 i
1
: 1
1
s
ti
li
t
§
►i
a
a
9
8
1-'-'
5^
ai
1
1
si
IS
II
1:
B
S
0
11
sa5
is
il
P
1
1
|il
^if
« ^
|ii
a
i
s
g
g
1
5S
« V
o
w8
la
* C K
>*
ij5
C/
t:5
So
-^i
1"
a.
SB
J3 4)
. ca
» P
c.>
==:=
(SC
T. -a
^^
>. 6 '
® fcc
5^0
C U I
c =.
/Jeff
jt s o
6^
« S
|I6
fcU
.Si*
St
3^ \ 00
b" b.
I-
zi ^ o
6a— 14— 1915
Digitized by
Google
818
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
^3
o
I
o
o
W
CQ
:^
8
H
»
p
02
M
03
EH
M
OQ
H
i?
9
i
a
ad
g
:0
i3
a
d
lidpinnjf
1^
|S
be
9 a
!§.
5a .
a «0
a S2
tt a
Si
ill
9
'N I
osa
5« =
'2^
?5f
III
a
iJ ad
el
8
OB
S=i S:i
82
H6
n
5
fig
I
5i?
I"
^2
II
■Su
b^
-52
Is
Digitized by
Google
Mo. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTii.
8U
:
r*
:
:
•*
"
"
:
"^
*"*
'^
C4
esi
M 1
"^
*-< 1
1-
M
:
M
•^ 1
J
:
'^
"
: 1
:
:
:
:
:
^
.'
-^
:
i
:
'-'
^
:
^
'^
:
:
-■-
1 ^
*
:
:
1
:
1
j
:
:
•
:
;
:
:
"25
1--
' :
1 .'
i
9
3
1
3
e
3
;
:
i
a
:
:
is
a.
If
III
a
1
1
&
;
129 Matamoras GItibzens Water Co. (Inc.
June 17, 1903, for Westfall township.
Pike county.)
■2^
ll
ll
IS
ll
ll
a
S
:
;
5
i
s
1
as
Sfe
a
8*
22
III
Si
8
li
3^
4» 9
a
|6
E5
S] *>
d
ll
5^
ill
Is
is
I
^1
°a
X3 Ob
3'"
S
Digitized by
Google
820
KIGIITH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
0
a
<
O
P^
Z
o
02
S3
8
?3
H
PQ
Q
P
03
CG
GC
P^
O
Q
J5
<J
QQ
H
M
CU
o
^s 1
* |ei|r-t|> I* Irili-I 1
"M
p 1
: 1 • 1 '^ 1 '• 1 * 1 '• 1 • 1 • 1
Hi 1
i
M 1
s 1
• 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 "^ 1 • 1 • 1
iM 1
1
ao
i 1
il ; 1
i 1
im; 1
1
1 i
: 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 • I*^ 1 • 1
iM 1
A 1
i 1
1 : 1
r-l 1 • 1
; i; Mi; ii i
il i 1
1 1
• 1
i M MM M 1
ili 1
i'^ 1
; 1
i MM 1
; 1
ili 1
1
?3
1
•s
1
1
1
:
1 •
5j_
-Si
■fit
CSC a
= !S
6
u
•a
a
e
s
B
u
a>
s
I
1
i
:
s'
1
1
135 Middletown and Swatara Consolidated
Water Co. (Also supplies Iloyaltor,
Dauphin county.)
i
u
Op
1
2
8
•|»(l!.)lunH
1'f
r
O u
5
11
th
1 il H i i
0
5
so
ST
i
s
a
a
!
a
1
1
M
ill
9
g
1
3
=
1
a
e3
o
a
§
a
c
I
s
I
X
r.
^1
Is
IS
Bo.
0.'A
h
k
If
.§«
•a g ts
2 8-2.
£96 Middletown township, Delaware
county (Glen Mills Schools, Girls'
Department) (Lenni Heights Wa-
ter Co.)
i
1
i
1
9
S
II
|£
II
3
§
Digitized by
Google
Ko. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
82i
:
»-t
i-«
^
^
r^
«
i-<
*^
^
:
:
:
" 1
'^
i
»-«
•H
'^ 1
I
:
i
•;
•:
:
T-t
iH
:
"^
04 1
i
-•
^
:
!
i
:
'-'
i
:
:
: I:
i (
■Ji Miller, F. C. (for
Pocono Pines. Toby-
banna townslilp, Mon-
roe county.)
:
I
o
el
«
i
1
6
1
s
I
g
139 MinersvUle Water Co. (Also supplies
Cass and New Castle townsbipti,
Schuylkill county.)
1
3
8
«
|l
«3 a
el
ji
2
141 MoncBsen Water Co. (Bought Charlerol
and Donora Water Cos.— Aug. 15,
1912. Now Trl-Clties Water Co.)
i
!
3
1
a
si
144 Moreland Spring Water Co
\
-&?
a
??
si
<0
J5
t_
??
t:
go
1
OQ
6
a
S
o
fl
^
Is
Mb
I
tec
5i
It
a
a
•
s
n
"8
|5
P
8
s
o
a
£
u
a!
3
if
s'S
II
=1
o
si
Is
^
b
V
5
.1^
II
1
So;
?
2
a
i
g
1^
§3
o
it?
11
Its
a
a
:^
a
3
a
S
s
a
isj
S
a
§
1
1
§
i
IS
§
S
1
§
a
Digitized by
Google
822
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OCE. Doc.
as
i
at
8
1
I?
I
is
»5
II
53
' 4/ « D
1^
1
M
SH^
^■1
•g^
5K«
i
«ii
txl .
,«fr
hSit
^1
^-l
«
1^
|li
>;:a
s
1^
^ 1
1-
IBilpinni^
|2
||
— OP
go,
5 0)
%.^-:
il
5 <d
5
%^
^
it
s
•5
^^
g^
f3
1.^
K
c5
p5o
0k
OAU
Ow
^
S
M
m
S
«
o
OS
b
5*
1^
e
11
i
£S
B
9
^M
^
J5
II
*4
9>^
a
^
S
00
s
K
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
GOMMISSIONBR OF HKU/TH.
82.*^
n 1
f4
t>4
- i i M M M M
h 1
i
1 I
1"
: I: 1
i
:
li MM M M M M M M 1
:
1 :
n
• 1 • 1
i
:
M MM M M M M ii r 1
:
1 :
n
: I: 1
:
M M M M M M M- M: 1
:
:
Ml
'^ 1 : 1
:
:
i
*^ 1 • 1
I
''M M M M M M r 1
:
1-1
tH
;M M: M M; M M: 1" |
1
il
• 1 • 1
:
-Ml
iM M MM
\ 1 :
i
OS'-'
S3
:
:
:
:
:
i
o
1
S
s
:
1
i
i
1
M
I
J
1.'4 New Chester Water Co. ( Supplies Ches-
ter city, Upland boroiiKh and Lower
Chichester towuHhip. Delaware coun-
ty.)
•
:
1
•
il
I
:
1
i
si
A
«•
•"^
^
P A
^
-fl
-J
fi
-J
3
■^"^
^
&fi
•§
1^
S<^
S^
Sl
So
&
§0
3^
•S«
3-
1!
-5
&JBQ
Is
J
II
§1
6
II
>
II
il
* 0
«
^1
1
i!
.If
II
^0
|5
^ I'
OQ 4)
Is
c
c
a-d
sS5
S6
II
-1
a c
c
«w
««■
CW
a. --is
4,w
4, >
a, w
w ;^
0; C?
a
5C
v;
z
Vi
%
Z
>?
2
z
Xi
i5
y.
y.
S
g
n
§
§
i
u
s
s
0
%
Digitized by
Google
824
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
a
•X3
I
<
En
C
o
8
H
H
P
s
Q
0}
H
o
1
P4
IS
S
I?
5
OB
3
a
8
as
I iBiljoianw
11
^i
Ill
M i
ill
§ I
«gs
#<;
^sS
OS
|S
b
g-
ill
1
1
b
a
¥
II
Ii
township, Lu
ne county C
t) (Spring B
Co.)
1
2
1
II
ii
"S,
1^
It
B
-1
11
&
.B
B a
i
a-— —a
0 >.
=•8
0
0
0 —
lis
Hi
S5;
S8
v:
/-.
>^
y:
y.
x;
y;
>^.
>^,
s
g
g
§
^
g
8
§
S
I
B
I
Is
a
• ■
2is
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
825
'^ 1 : 1 •* i \ '• \ '•
: M
rH
'^
-
I 1 I 1 I 1 z I '. \ '.
: 1 : 1 "^ 1 • 1 * 1 *•
:
•^
"^
"
• 1 • MM M M
r-t
*" 1 i Ml: 1 : M
:
: 1 : 1 ; 1 ! 1 i | :
• 1 • 1 "^ 1 • 1 • 1 •
;
: 1 : 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 •
:
: 1 : 1 '^ 1 : 1 " 1 '
':
I
\
\
i
s
S
s
:^
.a
o
J5
162 North Strabane Water Co. (Supplies]
Canonsliurg and Cecil township, :
Washington county.) |
163 Xorthumberland Water Co. (Also sup- i
plioa Point township, Northumber- 1
land county.) i
-;- —
•
11
ii
<
ai
ll
y.
to
g
« t)
5
s^
4
"?
A
2 ■
6
t
ss
1
O Q
i>
5
SI
»
go
S
«;
^ 5
5§^
5
$8
g8<iS
g
55
z
S5
§
I
i
o S
aSt
rt BO*-*
r4
bCOvi
S5
I?
as *J
M
^ ft
a %£
fcS
•o c d
55
S3
«8
S5
sp;
fc ? o
y.
Digitized by
Google
826
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
1
5
&
1
o
1
si
fH
M
• fH 1
i
:
:
:
i
:
;
: 1 i 1
1
i
r^
1
^
:
i 1 : 1
1
»-i
1
:
: 1 ^ 1
1
o
1?
:
:
:
-■■ 1
o
8
ti3
1
1
i
:
li-s
3
H
PQ
M
1
g
■<
s
S
It
IS
r
s
1
d
o
u
K
>
1
O
1
Iidpiunw
i 1
o
1
i;
si
Ha .
3
s
a
i
ll
8
It
1'
1^
In
, = .
it
C
O
j
II
11
o
i
a
a
O
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
827
M
««
•0
tH
f-i
i
:
-
:
:
\
;
j 1
i
09
!
:
:
:
•^
tH
:
:
\
: 1
c«
:
'^
I
:
:
\
i
i
:
M
J
:
"^
:
:
i
iH
\
:
j
:
:
:
:
:
r
:
:
:
:
1
:
j
\
j
i
:
i
167 Palmer Water Go. (Supplies I^wer
Towamenslng township. Carbon
county » and Palmerton borough, in-
corporated out of this township
October 14, 1912.)
j
168 Panther Valley Water Co. (Supplies
Lansford borough and Mauch Chunk
township. Carbon county and Coal-
dale borough and Rahn township,
ricts
ased
Co..
that receired permit* In 1906.
6
Of
5
1
§
*
i
u
£
o
. 1 . 1 . 1 .
1
1
s
H
i 1
S
I
51
o3
O
§
1
a-
|4
s
|S
1
■g
^
^
*"* ^
03
>»^
a
1
a
i
1
|5
11
il
1
o
1
1
fa
1^
II
o
o
a.
CU
&4
s
»
i
S
q
g
S
ae
ja
1
1!
09
gco
:■►•
1
4
6t
=t
11
a;
ad
2
1
CS
11
so
n
as
&<
Ou
P4
P4
^
A.
(U
§
1
1
g
s
g
1
a
04
Digitized by
Google
828
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
S5
5
o
o
p^
@
o
CO
8
G
P
CO
HH
13
P^
O
Q
Q
<
H
PJ
o
H
s
04
a
a
imlpjunw
'I
2 »
£2
53
"a >»
K a ^
ce 3 o 6c5
a c 91
C w t. g
0.
I I
c
^L-a
&>
.^-o
M .
•i a
W^
0
tr r
c^
y
c —
?°
>k
r
u
-, =•
a>
- s
b
o
t«
iu
= 5
1
|a#
?
•^5'x
9
x: 5
sli
a
C i-
'-C-
&
a<
U
l-J
^
w
i?
KK
I?
8£
fl B ^
1-^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COM^IIS SIGNER OF HEALTH
8^
:
** 1 i !
00
eq
fH
iH
:
tH 1
1 !
: 1 : 1 :
"
'^
1 !
: 1 : 1 :
»-t
1-1
:
:
: 1
1 !
"^ 1 • 1 I
C4
" 1
:
:
l.i
"^ 1 : j :
1 j
: 1 : 1 :
"
'- 1
1 i
f 1
1 : ! i 1 i M
:
:
:
•
f -
--
28 Pittsburgh Coal Co.
(Van Meter, Rost-
raver township, West-
moreland county.)
i
i
t
2
a
X
u
\
I
':
:
i
s
1
B
w
9 1
SQ S
is
s
1
tg
n
0-5
ill
a o^
5, O O
D4
iS
»^
J
«■«-•
51
i?
eS
>»
a
a
S|
s
§2
>i
0)
ȣ
M b
a
■0
""
0 0
CD
■3
1
ll
PQ
|l
e
i
2
ili
S5
4
■5
2
04
au
&<
P
g
i
2S
i
fe 8
a^'
a
w
a
£
>.
fl
--«.
>k
a
fit
8_
.a
0
a
§5
(DO)
0
S?-
^
d
^^
0
>
:R
JS
a
iiS^
a
a
•sS
JQ
h >»
s«
&4
ft.
i
§
t*»
^^
d d
P^
|s
§5
If
¥
't
.^
f-l
a)'S.
0) 0,
c u
h
e O-
£ s
bi g
gs?
•f,tn
S«
tc»
S ^
> *•
3£
a"^
5s
^1
OS
rg
S §
£g
-m
2«
"'.S
s«
be
be
2. 2
•*^ to
as
a a
m
a
11
Si
4-ai
*;oc
*S5
«w
ft.
&<
Cm
&•
g
g
00
i
Digitized by
Google
830
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
a
O
I
W
H
H
o
8
a
H
Q
P
t— I
1^
s
Q
O
<
Eh
C
-1-
5
1
5
S
a
"25
si
5a .
15^
2£
if
go.
n, 9
5 fce
r:
ii
a c
1*
¥
l|
a
ft
r
lii
fife
If
ft
1
f
1
1
<
tm
Ch
cu
M
p4
cu
g
§
§
S
s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
831
i|
hi
lis
as
I' s
C 2
I"
ii?
if
B ^
3
a
i
a
B
A
s
i
s
If
il
at
1
1
«
14
!
8
1
1
if-
h
ll
it
6
OS
tl
6
a
1
a
g
8
S
3
aT
tl
|i
d
1
si
4
■SpS
a
l|
5S
6
a
1
1
a
1
si
¥
^ n
IL
1
h
a> ea
o
^
s
o
i:-^
0
§
S~"^
ea-w
eJ
a>
tfC.^
gw
0*
04
04
&4
&4
Q-i
eu
M
»
»
£
»
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
o
5;
5
63
Digitized by
Google
63&
EIGHTH ANNUAL REt»OBt OF THE
Otf. Doc.
iii
I
a
t
w
o
o
1-4
CO
8
H
H
P
03
o
a
Q
G
^:
-^
H
*^
Oh
o
5
I
I
I
S
IBcIpianif
S8
a
0)
si
II
CQo
^ a
9
I
^6
sg
S »4
ll
s
H
hi
a Z
Sit
IS
H
P
•sg
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
8^
-li 1
: 1
M 1
—li
^ 1
1-1
! 1
i-« 1
»H 1
ill i
: 1
: 1
''Mli 1
: 1
: 1
il; 1
I \
: 1
\n\ 1
:
r^ 1
\
o
u
-f--
"~l
ili 1
: 1
ilili 1
--; -
I
:
:
''J
T\
il
il
7
i 1
'\ '^ ]
i 1
■ : " 1
i
j
-^-
1
i
6
s
ii
s
1 J
i
1
•
>>
1
f
s
5'
&
1
1
1
1
3
i o
II
i ^
[|
It
;1
9b
• ■o
196 Roaring Creek Water Co. (Shamokln
borough and Coal towsahlp. North
umberland county.)
s
1
l«
i
1 1
li
1
:>
i?
8
8
?»
>k
6
13
Is
i?
1
1
3>
a
A*^
U
XI
li
§2
M
OQ
C«3
In
tt
^ M
a
a
£>
(t
>."!:
>k'C
£
p
It
4j a
a
s
q:
tf
S
1!
0
S
s
>
li
*
If^
&
^.*
pf
a
4
^£
Is
IS
o
w
.-^
1-
t>.
£'2
€t
c{>
«
»
s
S
>>
a
O
o
--^
^
46
§
"ft
i!
tan
OS
r^
t^
uu
K >»
cij
C «'
II
b b
C Q,
^ef
II
^H
«
c;
§
§
53—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
gS4
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OflP. Doc.
-8
I
o
o
02
02
H
PQ
Q
P
02
02
►H
02
&
o
Q
Q
^5
<J
02
o
?5
C3
W
H
§
I?
8
1
5
5
a
IBlpiunw
Is
III
i
II
9
I
8^
^1
3a.
2^
Is
3^
is
§ 3
^1
!
0
its
So
se O
i"
Is
til
lis
i
i
&3
IS
3^
55
OB
I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
835
t-l
fH
- !i 1
^
«H
iH
; 1 i h
:
:
I
I
-^-
e<4
:
:
:
•; I •; i-
i 1
:
'—
r-l
■;r-
-j—
-^■
.- •
:
r4
__
«H
-. —
:
:
- '
!
-^ -
~
■ ': —
"^
•
;
-;-
-;
-;-
'7---
^
-f-
-f-
-;
~
:
!
i
:
:
:
w
is!
If.
Ill
i
4^
i
09
§1
:
i
I
i
1
a
It
n
1
1
:
^1
II
lit
:
:
i
:
:
Pi
If.
:
:
:
:
:
s
:
:
'8^
li
a
2
I
h
h
¥
I
"I
•SI
5g
•35*8
Si!
life
QQ
o5S
I*
'I
li
OQ
8^
M
at
a -:
516
e V ft
«ll
|2l
5"
•2*
o «
552
S I
I
It
Digitized by
Google
836
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
1
83
H
1-1
»H
*
N
-f-
M
rt
: 1
-1
il
•;i
il
il
ii
il
il
tH
i
:
:
: 1
_!__
:
:
iH
f
:
:
:
C4 j
-^ -
a
o
:• 1
0
If
1-1
1
: 1
O
8
1
1
1
1
i
Ii
it
W .
£ o
:
''
>^
PQ
a
o
Q
H
1
Of
i
s
i
1
1
1
:
n
4
1
:
i
:
i
i
•IBdpianw
i 1 i
Ii
IS
8
§
1
0
■s
1
A
CO
1
8|G|i 1
o
a
S
iil
1
i
1
i!
II
s
i
i
it
CO
s
11
p
So
ii
Is
lit
•3
C
1
s
1
s
ii
ii
! c
V
i
>
;
<
i
s
1
i
2
S
e
1
1
5
a
1
a
!
1
&
e
§
3
1
1
1
s
1
K
1
i
i
%
ft.
iil!
s 1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
837
tH 1
-h 1
-^li 1
t-i 1
: 1
" 1
- hii 1
^ 1
ill 1
ili 1
: 1
: j
I 1
i 1
i MM 1
: 1
"r 1
"li 1
: 1
; j
i 1
1 ii; 1
: 1
Hi 1
ili 1
- 1
7 — 1
—■■-
i 1
i 1
-^ ri- 1
1
ill 1
ili i
i MM 1
; 1
il; 1
ili 1
: 1
: 1
:
i 1
" MM 1
: 1
il" 1
ili 1
: 1
;
"
i MM 1
i
Hi 1
il
i 1
i 1
_J -
:JL..
i !•; !i!
; 1
: 1
1
ir-
il
i
i i il
LI
aSSnably. W. A. (Ben-
son borough and Gone-
maugh township.
Somerset county.)
Ip
:
i
j
i
I
1
1
4
i
If
6^
si
If
1
|S
i
M
1
1
s
e
i 1
1
Ii
If
.80
H
i
if
a'
h
P
Is
5 S
^1
a".
^^
g P V
Is
lis
sS
is
IK
|««
II
lag
a <*
OA hi
ill
Digitized by
Google
838
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
o
o
1-4
QQ
QG
:^
p.
8
p^
w
H
>^
a
p
m
\^
p^
o
m
H
Oh
CO
O
<
u
o
I
^3
I
if
I
-IBdpinniv
Is
S2
9
:9
•53
cpa
25^
c
I '-?
l>
C
a
cs
o
b
a
^
u
a
o
«
«
e
g
.a
.4
9
9
^
^
oo
■♦
i;5
2 «
03
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
830
p
83 ^t?
Ǥ
■SiJ I
■5 «
is..
1.1
4, a*-
M9k
gig
lis
Sod's
11
P
1
§8
-<
1
s*
H
^s
cS
ex
lii
1
1
IK
i&5
1
II
QQ
00
00
$
s
9
?: 18
is . :a
ft;g Si; ftic
CB— t t- 4- p
GO
16
Si
a
i, u
1^ 1-=^
"Eg I =C3
" o r w ;
Digitized by
Google
840
EIGHTH ANNUA!. REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
iit
I
■B
I
s
o
o
«3
IS
8
H
H
n
P
HH
CQ
(<
Q
Q
O
<
H
Xtl
o
H
-<
t?
5
I
3
i?
I
I
a
-Sis
la' s
M .■86-
sSg§3
SS28h
I.
is
as
if
OQ
IBrtpiunw
(4«4 • O
Ills
s5g>
^ 0-
1
II
a
8
55
1^
1
Is
s
6
i
II
"6
S
*l
2 9t
1
1
^'i
1
1
If
P
li
1
I
eo
ca
OQ
OQ
«
00
00
S
1
§
§
9
§
s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
841
• 1 *
r4
-^
; hi- h
-j—
:/
^ 1
;
: I:
" M
^-
- —
: 1
: 1
: ( i
-^
-'.
[i M
i (:
li 1:
: 1:
C4
• \ *
Mil:
M_
: 1 :
tH
: Mli M
[i 1
: 1 :
"
i rii
-;—
:
\
-':
i
:
:
; iiii
T~
-f -
1
■; -
:
i
:
•
:
j
-'
-7 -
-]-
i
1
OQ
:
i
s
3
t
•
I
a,
|l
i
.1
5
s
s!
«
:
:
a
1
n
:
:
B
S
8*
il
r
r?
:
as
ac
a
a
.0 d
■aa
i
^
^'
0
Ss2
1
a
^ el
J
fl
ll
2
a
a
1
1
i
a
a
l|
it
It.
lis
•5 <=>•
III
g .'S
111
lis
00
QC
OQ
CO
f
1
s
1
li
1
&4
'1
>:
i^
s
g
.s
^
a 0
§a
>«
?,
F t«
jj
"^
0.
a
gi
SI
s
1^
•a S3
JH
3
Sfa
e3
il
§
=i|
90
i«
*E ^
aS"
si
a
OS 0
pa
P
pH
II
oca
O"
k1
^«
{t-
ed
Sa
00
OQ
H
H
1
S
1
§
i?
fi^
a
i
i?
n
1
IS
c p
l»
I'OQ
6
5I
i
■3 M
A"^
ae
II
2s
■^ec
.<^
.1
is
,^ft
o«
JfSi
?&
H
H
H
i
8
1
Digitized by
Google
842
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Q
P
o
CO
H
o
H
_S3
'8
lie,
o
o
HH
OS
03
1-1
8
n
_ 9
T
«
^
g
a
a
8
lidlDjunw
|5
11
0
Hi
S
^a
ti
i
'J
55
•i
11
On
l|
sQg
o**'
ss
^a
II
11
ll
II
i|
a, ca
il I I
a ■ •
ill
ii"-
or i^
So
cs
a »
9 h
t?8
a 6
§ l§ j:
U
k
I.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14
CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
843
«H
M
f-i
f-l j «-l
fi
:
i
iH 1
I
iH
:
:
iH
• 1 •
'^ 1
:
-^
-]--
• \ ^
..-•
-];-
r*
-f
-j—
-;-
-f
-]—
J_ _^^
.
-f-
-f--
^
-J —
"'-
: 1 :
:
g
i
1
6
h
:•
;
•
:
:
'-
j
i
1
s
•
i
si
« 5
1
6
S
&
a
P
:
!
Hi
: li
«
Is
1
: 1
aoQ
p
If
^1
a
I
li
Is
il
li
I.
§1
i
|6
is
iS
a
pp^
St?
?8
-a
ll
P
Digitized by
Google
844
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
^3
P
§,
m
o
o
OQ
GQ
»
02
M
%
»
o
Q
H
M
o
H
I
I
s
I?
00
i
I
*lBdpiann
Hi
aw
to eg
III
I
6
II
Qi
M
a & t«
lli
fell!
I
1?
III
IF-?
ml
1
s
11
if
u a
S8
.M
Is
lli
J3^
y
It!
Ill
li
t|
ii
H
Si,
11
b
*^
si-.
•15
;j
s
P
L)
U
P
p
>
§
§
s
§
3
§
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
845
•
i h li 1- i M h 1
_•
M
t-i
r^
^
•H
i M li MM M M 1
: 1
:
rH
:
•: 1
i M M MM M r 1
i
i-«
:
: 1
:
: r M MM M M 1
:
:
f-i
_:_.
:
i 1
■: 1
i M i i i i M i i i
:
-f-
-— ■
N
-.* -
:
i 1
i MM M M 1
i MM M MI
T
i-l
-\ -
Ml 1
•
i M M MM M M !
.:. _
•
\ M M MM M M M
:
41 Vest Coal Co. (Point
View Village. B.
Bethlebem township,
Washington county.)
:
:
•
:
:
ill
n
'I
>
i
•
a
1
1
6"
1
6
t
1
si
2
i
1
:
i
I
M
•
;
i 1
M
M
:
:
li
¥
n
s
ti
g
si
5if
1^
p
gS
|I6
ill
.004
|85a
§
35
i
s
ca
i-.
5
Digitized by
Google
846
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
53
§
o
pa
OS
P
CO
CQ
M
09
;:^
o
a
IS
«
O
P^
1^
H
s
13
8
S
.
m
JS
H
1
pq
8
1
S3
S^
s
a
indpiuniv
hi
■3«0
p.
IS
I I
•"•cr
b
;
^
«
*^
6j
22
«
s
1'
If
a*
11
*£?
11
k
ll
1"
s
§
«
CO
w
U
go
O
1
1
1
1
^.
^ a
g
k
si
s
II
go
ll
la
1
r!
P
II
1^
1
IS
• •
S
S
S
s
s
§
s
§
s
3
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
847
v4
t-i M
• 1 •
rt
-|-
; —
:
:
:
:
• 1
:
:
-r-
■~
:
tH
-f- -
._:_
-"!■-
-'.—
i
:
— '.—
i
i
'^
1^
-—
— ". ""
rH
:
—'—
i i •; Mil
: 1 \
_ij
:
:
:
248 Westmoreland Water Co. of Hempfleld
township. (One of eight companies
operating systems supplying Qreeos-
burg (part), tiemptierd. No. Hunt-
ingdoa and Peun township* and Ir-
win, Jeannette, Manor, N. Irwin,
Peun and ^.oungwood boroughs,
Westmoreland county.)
i
1
1
1
11
IS
g
r
:
:
:
ft
n
r
\ '
: 1
i
i
;
i 1
I
28
3
_8
fa
II
04*;;
I2
r-
gS
ifi
l&a
Is
-I
I
I"
8
tl
^8
O 0)
|8&
'I
as
OOQ
&
£?■?.
:S
«'M
BS.
o^
8„
Is
^1
§5
as
•
^
-si^
go
It
II
ll
ra
is
SH
3 si
^ SI
^
&
%
§
i
%
64
Digitized by
Google
848
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
^3
I
<
o
o
m
%
8
H
P
M
QQ
O
3
H
i
I?
i
a
a 6 a O'*-*
OS o p 5 a
■ir.:p|univ
IS
Hi
804
i?
^2
u
»
t?
g^
a
1"
g
Si^
g
g
a
« Oi
-Is
1
8
1^
if
goo
p
si
15
H
Is
is
i!
Its
lit
It
if
5^
i~
pt^
fc"
i
§
§
i
g
hi
a 60
3£
8^
Is
si
i:
H ^^ S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
840
all
3
I
a
li
?2£8
i
I
a
o .
II
1
8
►»
1?
8i;
ti
§
i
1
1
i
1?
"1
^1
£5
Is
S
a
i
|i
8if
1
la
ss
ill
If
li
it
n
11
1
a
l|
11
Is
1
u
1
i!
1"
0^
1
^
S
If
!£
;?
tf
^
1**
iS
h
H
§
5
g
s
1
s
i
§
1
g
s
54—14^1916
Digitized by
Google
850
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
a
r
a
I
fa
O
o
CO
8
m
H
p
QQ
O
Q
IS
US
o
a
s
a
i
s
I
:^5
'i s
'Iii(lpian|ii{
IS
4
il.
.S esO
u
O "O
«a5i
5aS«g
^1
1 >%y*
■Ofc^
e
p
^1
a
1
ll
0>. Qi
2
1
ri
i
0
lb
It
Hi
?
{H
H
N
§
1
§
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HRAI/rH. 851
CLASSIFICATION OF SOtJRCES OF WATER SUPPLY COVERED IN PER-
MITS AND DECREES ISSUED 1905-1913.
Of the 381 water works systems, the subjects of permits or decrees,
(and it should be understood that every permit is a decree, but that
every decree is not necessarily a permit), 105 systems obtaiii their
sources of supply from ground water only, 161 from surface sources
only, and 111 from both ground and surface water sources, and four
systems, those of the Mauch Chunk Township Water Company, the
Yoe Water Company, the Venango Water Company, and the Bristol
Water Company, have been taken over by other owners, to whom sub-
sequent permits or decrees have been issued, as shown in the preceding
table.
In the following table arjg given the names of the owners of the
water works systems, the subjects of permits or decrees, that secure,
or propose to secure, their sources of supply from ground water only:
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM GROUND WATER SOURCES
ONLY WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR
DECREES, 1905-1913.
I Qronnd Water Sources.
I
Water Works Owner. I >
Wells. Springs,
1. Akron Boroagb,
2. Albion Borough,
3. Allison Park Water Co
4. Allwine, Jerry, (Johnstown)
5. Ambridge Borough,
6. AnnviUe Water Co
7. Avonmore Borough,
8. Baden Borough
9. Benton Water Co.,
10. Berkebile, S. P., (Benson)
11. Bethlehem Borough,
12. Bethlehem Steel Co.,
W. BiglerviUe Water Co.,
14. Bloomfleld Water and Sewer Co.,
15. Blue Ridge Water Supply Co
16. Boyer, J. Calvin, (Perry Twp., Snyder County)
17. Brickel, B. W.. (Dallas)
IS. Bucher, J. C, (Boiling Springs)
19. Catasauqua Borough
20. Christiana Gravity Water Co
21. Conneaut Lake Borough
22. ConneautvlUe Borough,
23. Consolidation Coal Co. (Jenner Twp., Somerset County),
24. Conway Borough
25. Coopersburg Borough,
26. CoraopoUs Borough,
27. Crosby Gas Co. (Newerf Village, Norwich Township, McKean
county.)
28. Curtis, J. G., Leather Co. (Ludlow),
29. Dallas Water Co.,
80. Dawson Borough
31. Dickerson Run Water Co.,
82. DiUsburg Water Co
88. Dover Borough
84. Bast Brady Water Works Cto.,
35. East Donegal Water Co. (from Florin Water Co.)
86. Edlnboro Borough,
87. Emaus Borough,
V. Ephrata Borough,
39. Farwell, Absalom, (Chapman Township. Clinton county)
40. Florin Water Co.,
41. Genesee Citlacns Water Co
42. Oladeborst Water Co
43. Greencastle Borough
44. Green HUl Water Co
46. Hall, W. 0. (South Abington Twp., Lackawanna Ck)unty)
4«. Heidelberg Water Co. (Unincorporated)
Digitized by
Googk
852 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
WATER WORK SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM GROUND WATER HOURCES
ONLY WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR
DECREES , 1905-1913— Continued .
Water Works Owner.
Ground Water Sonrc.s.
Wella. , SpriDgH.
47. Hellam Water Co.,
48. Hilltown Water Ck) • I .
49. Hopbottom Water Co., i
60. Jones A Laugblin Steel Co. (Woodlawn), * ; ,
51. Josephine Water Co ; ♦
52. Knoxville Borough • |
58. Lansdale Water Co ; •
64. Lennl Heights Water Co., • i .
55. Lower Gwynedd Water Co. (from North Wales Water Co.) i •
56. Madera Water Co ; |
67. Mars Borough • ' .
58. Matamoras Citlsens Water Co. l • , .
59. MUler, F. C. (Poeono Pines) ' • '
60. Mountain Water Co., • i
61. MoantTille Borough, * '
62. North Wales Water Co • i .
68. Ohio Valley Water Co., • ,
64. Orbisonla Water Co
65. Oxford Borough • I .
66. Parkesburg Borough [ * ,
67. Paztang Consolidated Water Co , '
68. Pleanant Gap Water Supply Co I
69. Pleasantvllle Borough, *
70. Port Matilda Water Co > !
71. Kebok, George A. (Tuscarora Twp., Perry County) '
72. Ked Lion Water Co •
78. Uelianee Water Co • ; .
74. lihecms Water Co •
75. liimersburg Borough •
76. Ringtown Spring Water Supply Co •
77. Rocliester, J. H. (Marion Center Water Co., uninc.)
78. Kock HIU Water Co • i ,
79. Koselawn Water Co •
80. Rural Valley Borough •
81. Shawnee Water Supply Co i
82. Shingle House Water Co •
83. Sligo Borough •
84. Slippery Rock Borough, •
85. Snably, W. A. (Benson)
86. Somerset Borough, I • , .
87. Somerset County Home • !
S8. Soudcrton Borough, •
89. South Bradford Water Co., ■
90. South Baston Wattr Co • '
91. Springdale Borough •
92. Springdale Water Co • ' ,
93. Stone, Raymond D., (Bridgeton Village, Bridgeton Township, Buckf
county.)
94. Stoyestown Water Co • i
95. Telford Water Co., ' •
96. Trevorton Water Supply Co I
97. Trevone Manor Spring Water Co
98. Unlonville Borough '
99. Upper Gwynedd Water Co. (from North Wales Water Co.), •
100. Venango Oil and Land Co
101. Waterford Water C\).,
lOa, Wickersham, H. W., (Thompson town) •
103. Williams, J. 8., (Somerton) •
104. Wyland, John F. (Allison Park) •
106. Zierdon, W. E., (Johnsonburg) •
It appears that the ground water sources subdivided, are as fol-
lows:
Wells only, 49
Springs only, 38
Wells and springs, 18
Total 105
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
85?^
The water works systems which have been made the subjects of per-
mits or decrees, which systems obtain, or propose to obtain, their sup-
plies from surface waters only, are given in the following table:
V^TATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM SURFACE WATERS ONLY
WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR DE-
CREES, 1905-1913.
Water Works Owner.
Remarks.
1
Alhinn Wftter Co
Not Built.
2
Anthrftoite Water Co
3.
4
Annlln WAfpr Works Co
AshlRnd Boroush
5
BaIH Eaele Water Co
6.
7.
8.
9
Barnesboro Water Co.— Merged
with Spangler Water Co. into
Northern Cambria Water Co.;
distributing pipes in Barnesboro
sold to borough in 1913.
Beaver Creek Water Co.,
Beaver VaUey Water Co.,
Bens Creek Water Co
10
Berwick Water Co
11
Blandbure Water Co
1?
Bloomsburff Water Co
13
Blossbure Water Co
14.
15.
16.
17
Boalsburg Water Co
Boyer, J. Calvin (Monroe Town-
ship, Snyder County).
Bradford County Water Co., ....
Briffht Run Water Co
Not built.
1R
Bristol Boroueh
19.
20.
21
Brockway Crystal Water Co., ....
Brookville Water Co.,— Plant sold
to borough.
Butler Water Co
22
Cairnbrook Water Co
Filtration to be approved and iustallet)
before using source.
23
ChambersburfiT Borouch .
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31
Charleroi Water Co.,— Sold to Mon-
ossen Water Co.
Chichester Water Co.,
Citizens Water & Gas Co. of Wil-
liamsport.
Citizens Water Co. of Canton
Citizens Water Co. of Confluence,
Citizens Water Co., of New Beth-
lehem .
City of New Castle Water Co., ..
Clearfield Water Co
Supply from New Chester Water Co.
32.
33.
34
Clymer Water Co. of Indiana, ...
Coatesville Borough,
Cresson Borough ,
Supply from Summit Water Supply Co.
35
Danville Borough ,
36.
37.
38
Dingmans Ferry Water Co.,
Donora Water Co.— Sold to Mones-
sen Water Co.
DuBois Borough ,
39.
40.
41.
42.
43
East Greenville Borough
East Mere Water Co.— Sold to Har-
risburg.
Ebensburg Coal Co. (Colver)— Plant
taken over by Colver Water Co.
Co. in 1913.
Edgemont Water Co
Ell wood Water Co
Former source discontinued.
Supply from New Chester Water Co.
44.
Emporium Water Co.,
Digitized by
Google
S54
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM SURFACE WATERS ONLY
WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR DE-
CREES, 1905-1913— Continued. '
45.
46.
47.
48.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
65.
67.
6S.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
Water Works Owner.
Erie City
Evitts Creek Water Co.,
Extension Water Co. of Penbrook,
Fairchance Borough,
Fairview Water Co.— Dissolved
Sept. 15, 1910.
Falls Creek Borough,
Freeport Water Works Co., .-.
Garrett Water Co
Gilberton-Schuylkill Water Co., ..
Girardville Water Co
Girard Water Co.
Glen Brook Water Co.,
Gravel Hill Water Supply Co
Greenville Water Co.,
Hallstead Water Co.,
Hnrrisburg City,
Hegins Water Co.,
Hock, Coombe & Brumm, (Mar-
Lin Village, Schuylkill Co.)
Honcsdale Consolidated Water Co . ,
Hooversville Water Co.,
Horner, H. M., (Summerdale) , ..
Hummelstown Consolidated Water
Co.
Huntingdon Water Supply Co., ..
Jersey Shore Water Co.,
Johnsonburg W^ater Co
Johnstown Water Co
Remarks.
Juniata Borough
Kensington Water Co. ,
Kulpmont Water Co
Lancaster City,
Lancaster Water Filtration Co., ..
Lntrobe Water Co
I«ebanon Valley Consolidated Water
Supply Co.
Ligonier Borough ,
Lock Haven City,
Lykens Water Co
McKeesport City
Manheim Township Water Co., ..
Marianna Water Co . ,
Marietta Gravity Water Co . ,
Marie Water Co
Mar-Liu Water Co ,
Martindale Water Co
Mason town Borough
Meroersburg Water Co . ,
Middleport Wnter Co
Middletown & Swatara Consolidated
Water Co.
Midland Water Co
Minersville Water Co
Ikfonessen Water Co. — Now Tri-
Cities Water Co.
Moore Water Co.,
Supply from Susquehanna Township
Water Co.
Supply from Trotter Water Co.
Not built.
Supply from Bright Run Water Co.
Supply from Bright Run Water Co.
Not built.
Supply from I^banon Valley Cons.
Water Supply Co.
Supply from Minersville Water Co.
96. Moss Glen Water Co.
Emergency supply from Manuliacturprs
Water Co.
Filters water for municipal system.
Supply from Lancaster City.
Filtration to be approved and installed
before using source.
Supply from Silver Creek Water Co.
Supply from Suburban Water Co. of
Allegheny County, Pa.
Supply from Silver Creek Water Co.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
855
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM BURFACE WATERS ONLY
WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR DE-
CREES, 1905-1913— Continued.
Water Works Owner.
97. Mt. Union Water Co.,
98. Muncy Water Supply Co.,
99. Nant-y-Glo Water Co. (Unincor-
Dorated) .
100. New Chester Water Co
101. New Oxford Borough
102. Nicholson Water Co. ,
103. Nippenose Water Co.,
104. Norristown Insurance & Water
Co.
105. North Annville Water Supply Co..
108. North ComwaU Water Supply Co. ,
107. North Manheim Water Co.
108. North Strabane Water Co.,
100. Parker City Water Co.,
110. PennLandCo.,
111. Pennsylvania Water Co
112. Perkasie Water Supply Co.,
113. Phoenixville Borough,
114. Pittsburgh City
115 Pittsburgh Coal Co. (Van Meter,
Westmoreland County).
116. Plainfield Water Co
117. Pompeii Water Co.,
118. Portland Water Co
119. Pottstown Gas & Water Co., ....
120. Rcnovo Borough,
121. Richland Township Water Co., ..
122. Ridgway Borough
123. Ridley Wnter Co
124. Riverton Consolidated Water Co.,
125. Roaring Creek Water Co . .
128. Rutherford Heights Water Supply
Go.
127. SaUadnsburg Water Co
128. Schuylkill Haven Gas & Water Co. ,
129. Scranton Gas & Water Co
1.%. Sharon Wnter Works Co
131. Sheffield Water Co.,
132. Shiremanstown Water Co
133. South Annville Water Supply Co.,
134. South Fork Water Co
1.35. South Pittsburgh Water Co.
13fl. South Renovo Borough
1.37. Spring Brook Water Suwnlv Co., .
138. Springfield Consolidated Water Co. ,
139. Springfield Water Co
140. State Asylum for Chronic Insane of
Pennf»vlvania fWemersville) .
141. State Hospital for the Insane, near
Danville.
142. Steelton Borough,
143. Suburban Water Co. of Allegheny
County. Pa.
144. Sunbury Water Co
145. Susquehanna Township Water Co.,
146. Tamaqua Borough
147. Tarentura Borough
148. Tarentum Water Co
149. Uniontown Water Co
Remarks.
Same source as Jersey Shore Water Co.
Supply from Lebanon
Water Supply Co.
Supply from Lebanon
Water Supply Co.
Valley Cons.
Valley Cons .
Proposed works. Supply from Crystal
Water Co. and Silver Creek Water Co.
Supply from New Chester Water Co.
Supply from Hummelstown Cons. Water
Co.
Same source as Jersey Shore Water Co.
Supply from Riverton Cons. Water Co.
Supply from I^banon Valley Cons.
Water Supply Co.
Supply from Rutherford Heights Water
Supply Co.
Digitized by
Google
856
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM SURFACE WATERS ONLY
WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE THE SUBJECTS OR PERMITS OR DE-
CREES, 1905-1913t-Continued.
Water Works Owner.
Remarks.
150
Unitv Water Co
Supply from Suburban Water Co. of
Allegheny County. Pa.
Supply from Springfield Cons. Water Co.
151.
152.
Valley Forge Park Commission, ..
Warren Water Co
153.
Washin^n Water Supply Co., ..
Weatherly Water Co.
T>5
West Chester Borough,
156.
157.
158.
159.
160
Westmoreland Water Co. of Hemp-
field Township.— Allied with other
water companies .
West Norriton Water Co.,
West Pittsburgh Water Co
Windber Water & Power Co.,
Wyalusing Water Co.,
Supply from Norristown Insurance &
Water Co.
161.
York Water Co.,
The water works systems which are supplied from both surface
and ground water sources that have been made the subjects of per-
mits or decrees are named in the following table:
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM SURFACE AND GROUND
WATER SOURCES MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERlfTTS OR DECREES,
1905-1913.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Zl.
22.
23.
24.
2G.
26.
27.
28.
29.
80.
31.
32.
88.
34.
85.
86.
Water Works Owner.
Sonrcet.
▲rendtiiTllle Water Co.,
Austin Borough,
Bangor Water Co.,
Bath Borough,
Bethlehem City Water Co.,
Blackwood Water Co
BlalrsYiUe Borough
Blue Mountain Consolidated Water Co.,
Bradford City
Briar Creek Water Supply Co
Cambridge Springs Borough,
Catawissa water Co.,
Citizens Wat<»r Co. of Gordon,
Cltisens Water Co. of Klttanning
Clarion Water Co
Clear Springs Water Co
Consolidated Water Co. of Condersport ,
Cresson Water Co., '
Dauphin Consolidated Water Supply Co., i
Denver Borough
Diamond Water Co. of Hasleton,
Doylestown Borough,
DuBois, John E.,
Eagles Mere Water Co
Eastern Pennsylvania State Institution for Feeble-Minded '
and Epileptic i
East McKeesport Water Co., '
Emlenton Water Co.,
Poxburg Water Works Co
Franklin City I
Onleton-Eldrod Water Co. (for Oaleton) i
Gettysburg Water Co I
Glen Mills Schools. Girls* Dept. (Darling), i
Glen Rock Borough.
Halifax Water Co
Hamilton Water Co ,
Hanorer and McSherrystown Water Co., I
Sprlngt.
8arfac«.
: I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEAI>TH.
857
WATER WORKS SYSTEMS SUPPLIED FROM SURFACE AND GROUND
WATER SOURCES MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR DECREES,
1905-1913~Oontinued .
Water Works Owner.
Botirces.
WeUs.
Springs. ' Surface
87.
S3.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
60.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
68.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
76.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
U,
89.
90.
91.
92.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
• • I
HaysYille Water Co.
Hadeton Water Co.,
Hazle Township Water Co
Hershey Water Co
Homestead Borough,
Houtzdale Water Co.,
Hyndman Water Co
Jacks Mountain Water Co.,
Jenklntown Water Co. (from Moreland Spring Water
Co., , :
Koppel Water Co
Lebanon City
Lehigh Water Co
TiOndonderry Water Co.,
Lttscrne County Central Poor District,
Macungie Borough,
Mahanoy City Water Co.,
MarynviUe Water Co
Mauch Chunk Water Co.,
Mechanicaburg Gas and Water Co
MiUersburg Home Water Co
Mllnesvllle Water Co.
Mokoma Spring Water Co.,
Montgomery Water Co
Moreland Spring Water Co.,
Morrellville and Cambria Borough Water Co.,
Mt. Penn Suburban Water Co.,
Myerstown Water Co
Natrona Water Co.,
Nescopcck Water Supply Co
Newport Home Wa ter Co. ,
North East Borough
Northumberland Water Co
Ogonts Water Co. (from Moreland Spring Water Co.
Palmer Water Co
Panther Valley Water Co ',
Pennsburg Water Co., i
Pennsylyania Industrial Reformatory (near Huntingdon), i
Pennsylvania Training School (Morganssa), i
Port AUegany Water Co
Port Royal Water Supply C3o
Punxsutawney Water Co I
Quarryville Water Co., i
Ramey Water Co
Reading City I
Reading Suburban Water Co., I
Red hTu Water Co., ,
ReynoldSTlUe Water Co
Roulette Water Co
Saegertown Borough,
St. Marys Water Co
Sand Spring Water Oo. of Meyersdale, |
SellersTiUe Borough, ,
Shavers Brothers (Shavertown)
Shrewsbury Borough I
Silver Creek Water Co., i
State College Water Co. (well supply is auxiliary and
obtained from the College)
State Institution for Pceblc-Mlnded of Western Pennsyl-
vania (Polk),
Stroudsburg Water Supply Co
Towanda Water Co., I
Tremont Wnter and Gas Co. I
Trout Run Water Co., ,
Troy Borough
University Water Co. (auxiliary supply from State Col- I
lege Water Co.) I
Upper Mauch Cliunk Water Co.,
Vesta Coal Co. (Point View Village. Westmoreland Co.). I
Weldon Water Co. (from Moreland Spring Water Co.), ;. |
Wellsboro Water Co.,
West Berwick Water Supply Co
West Conshohocken Water Co
West Houtsdnle Watrr Co.,
West Salem Water Supply Co
Wlllinmsport Water Co
Windsor Water Co.
Wrightsville Water Supply Co
York County Consolidated Water Co.,
I
■|"
^Auxiliary. "Emergency. "Proposed. ^Temporary emergency. "Not domestic.
•Emergency, without permit. ''For ram. "Auxiliary— part of aupply obtained from Crystal j
W. Co. Digitized by Google
858 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
SUMMARY OF WATER WORKS SOURCES.
There are 216 water works systems having ground water sources in
whole or in part, and 272 systems having surface water sources in
whole or in part. Of the 216 instances where the supply is ground
water, in whole or in part, it is obtained from wells in 132 cases, from
springs in 131 cases and from wells and springs in 47 cases.
In four instances only do the surface waters come from natural
bodies of water or lakes, namely, the Honesdale Consolidated Water
Company, the Myerstown Water Company, (of Jackson Township,
Lebanon County), the Eagles Mere Water Company, and the Citizens
Water Company of Canton.
WATER FILTERS MADE THE SUBJECTS OF PERMITS OR DECREES.
Filter designs for one hundred water works systems have been sub-
mitted to the Department and made the subjects of permits or de-
crees. These one hundred systems comprise a total of ninety-five
separate filter plants in operation or under construction: seven pre-
liminary designs to be executed when financial arrangements are com-
pleted or after detailed or modified plans have been submitted for the
further approval of the Department; six plants not built; and two
plants which have been abandoned. In all, 110 filter designs have been
examined and passed upon. The permits to the Beaver Valley Water
Company cover two plants; those to the City of Beading, four plants ;
and those to the Springfield Companies, four plants. Two designs
have been considered for Bristol, a proposed new plant and the plant
later purchased by the borough from the old Bristol Water Company.
Two designs have been considered for Coatesville, a pressure filter,
approved as an emergency measure at the time of the typhoid out-
break in 1912, and the preliminary plans submitted to the Depart-
ment for a new source and permanent filtration works. Two designs
have been considered for the water works systems consolidated into
the Monessen Water Company (now known as the Tri-Cities Water
Company) the original plant of the Charleroi Water Company, now
abandoned, and the present plant of the Tri-Cities Water Company.
Two designs have been considered for the Schuylkill Haven Gas and
Water Company, the first having been disapproved. In addition to
the hundred water works systems for which filter designs have been
reviewed thirteen water works systems have received permits or de-
crees relative to furnishing filtered water from the plants of other
systems and are entered in the following table, although not num-
bered,
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
859
09
o
O
02
p
GQ
o
Hi
Q
0$
Digitized by
Google
860
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
-8
.a
o
O
o
»
P
CO
1^
a?
O
K
Q
H
^
e
o
I
S
s
a .
IS
a
o
a
a::a
s : \l
>
.6
■■?§
. G9
:c5
ZS5
g CO . S.CQ ^.
■2 O = ». 'u
Z22^2:2;<<'<2
22
eg
^ •.
00I
1 (ti a. t^ 06 9J
6^
[celiac
T ic t* r- oc o>
►Ao'-iiH «A u^i 1-: k.? 1-. ih e «» w
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
861
^5
4) Ck
Z
k
15
:a2
II
-8'a
zzz zo
Zoo
oz
p
^1
fr a'
d
1^
I Si
S 1^
ft* 5
1^
; ss«
; saw
."I
9-M >.
SSo SoQOSoS OOOO COCO So>9»0»^ S
Digitized by
Google
m
EIGHTH ANNUAL REl^ORT OF tHliS
Otf. Doc.
OS
<
I
s
00
o
I
I
I
5|se
1
•a
£
a 'i>
Id
12 |§Jr^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEAl.TH
863
SUMMARY OF WATER FILTER DESIGNS MADE. THE SUBJECTS OF
PERMITS OR DECREES.
Type of Plant.
1
Mechanical.
^
i
i
>t
g
1
S
1,
XI
s
s
o
fr«
CO
o
M
Old plants: i i
Unchanged 3
Extended 1
Remodeled^ ' 1 j
New plants 4 |
Preliminary design, 3,
Not built 0
Abandoned, i 0
, I ■
Total I 12 1
3'
i>2 I
4 ;
3 '
li
2
1
0
Oi
ol
0|
1 1
17
0,
10
0|
0 1
6
o'
68
Ol
7
O]
• ll
6
1
0
&
110
From the above table it appears that the mechanical or rapid type
of filter predominates in favor and, further, that the unreliability
of the old cribs and strainers to furnish a safe supply from polluted
sources is being recognized. Under the heading "Strainers" are
grouped crude filter designs, so-called, which cannot be included in
any of the generally recognized type groups. It should be noted that
none of these crude types of design is shown in the above table for new
construction. Moreover, there are no cribs among the new designs,
although this form of construction was viewed with favor not many
years ago as a protective measure in obtaining water supplies from
surface streams.
SEWERAGE.
10. SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL PERMITS AND DECREES
ISSUED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
^ The issuing of sewerage and sewage disposal permits and decrees
has been done under Act 182 of 1905, as interpreted by the Governor
of the State, the Attorney General and the Commissioner of Health,
acting together under the law, or by the Courts upon appeal. This
law is a distinct departure in Pennsylvania State Medicine, in that
it provides for State prevention of water-borne diseases. Formerly
the powers committed by statute to the State Board of Health rela-
tive to regulations tending to limit the spread of infection by water
carriage were advisory only. It was at all times within the sphere
and duty of the Board to recommend to local authorities, having the
55
Digitized by
Google
864 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
usual powers in matters relating to the preservation of public health,
the adoption of effective sanitary and preventive regulations and
measures in anticipation of possible future epidemics.
The policy of limiting the State health authorities to powers of
an advisory character only, until the actual presence of an epidemic
threatens everybody in the community, so vividly shown to be sui-
cidal in the extreme by the memorable epidemic of 1903-04 at Butler,
ceased with the enactment of the law of 1905. In the prosecution
of the work under this new law, precedents have had to be established.
It has been pioneer effort.
Sewage is defined in the Act as "any substance that contains any
of the waste products or excrementitious or other discharges from
the bodies of human beings or animals." Slops, sink and wash
water come within the meaning of the term. The prevailing idea
that laundry water and drainage from bath-tubs is not sewage is
gradually being dispelled; but not without some educational effort
in making clear that such waters very frequently contain pathogenic
poison, and that they are often discharged to the surface of the
ground near springs and wells, or into street gutters, and thence to
streams used below as sources of public water supply. Some manu-
facturing wastes are not sewage as above defined but if a menace
to public health they are subject to regulation at the discretion of
the Commissioner of Health.
The law stipulates that no person, corporation or municipality shall
place or permit to be placed or discharge or permit to flow into any
of the waters of the State any sewage except as specially provided ;
but the Act does not apply to waters pumped or flowing from coal
mines or tanneries. Neither does it prevent the discharge of sewage
from any public sewer system owned and maintained by a munici-
pality, provided such sewer system was in operation and was dis-
charging sewage into any State waters at the time of the passage of
the Act. The exception noted, however, does not permit the dis-
charge of sewage from a sewer system extended subsequent to the
passage of the Act. A copy of the law has been sent to every munici-
pality.
Therefore it is understood that so long as a municipal sewer system
in use before April 22nd, 1905, be not extended, the law is not ap-
plicable and the sewage therefrom may continue to defile the public
water supply. What constitutes an extension has been the subject
of considerable contention by local oflScials. A sewer system must,
in the course of events, be extended. Department oflftcers and agents
have been instructed that evidently the intent of the law is to bring,
as soon as possible, all municipal sewer systems under State regula-
tion and control, to the end that the purifying of the waters of the
State for the protection of the public health shall be accomplished.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 865
Unapproved sewer extensions to an existing sewer outlet whereby
the volume of filth discharged into a stream is quadrupled would de-
feat the object of the law and be contrary to the letter thereof. It
is understood that the State officials have determined that it is the
principle involved which shall control and not the length of the sewer
extension.
The law further provides that upon application duly made to the
Commissioner of Health by public authorities having by law charge
of a sewer system of any municipality, the Governor, Attorney Gen-
eral, and Commissioner of Health, shall consider the case and when-
ever it is their unanimous opinion that the general interests of the
public health would be subserved thereby, the Commissioner of
Health may issue a permit for the discharge of sewage from such
public sewer system into any of the waters of the State and may
stipulate in the permit the conditions on which discharge will be
permitted. The permit before being operative must be recorded in
the office of the Recorder of Deeds for the county wherein the outlet
for the sewer system is located.
As understood, the policy inaugurated is to bring about the aban-
donment of streams as carriers of raw sewage. All sewage must
finally cease to be discharged, untreated, into any waters used subse-
quently for drinking purposes.
It also appears by what follows that a town should avoid the mak-
ing of a petition every time a petty sewer exension is contemplated,
by the submission in the first instance of a general application for
sewer extension, involving the question once for all of State policy
for that particular municipality. State approval under these cir-
cumstances implies careful consideration of all the problems in-
volved. The principal one relates to the disposition of the sewage.
A private corporation, duly chartered by the State, and enfran-
chised by local authorities to construct, operate and maintain a pub-
lic sewer system according to an opinion of Attorney General Car-
son, is to be classed with the municipal corporations to the extent
that plans must be filed and extensions approved. All other private
corporations and companies and individuals that at the time of the
passage of the act, were discharging sewage into any of the waters
of the State, may continue such discharge unless otherwise ordered.
In a borough the remedy for the sources of pollution may be con-
nection with a public sewerage system.
The student of the permits may note that one feature is based on
the proposition that it is not practicable to treat large volumes of
mingled sewage and storm water, owing to the prohibitive cost. It
is really always more economical and better to build separate sewers
for sanitary household drainage and to provide other channels for
the removal of rain water.
55—14—1915 n }
Digitized by VjOOQlC
806 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Another feature is based on the proposition that eflSciency and
economy in preserving the purity of streams for the public protec-
tion dictate tiiat sewers shall be built to conform to a comprehensive
plan. It is now generally recognized that patchwork methods are
bound to cause trouble, expensive alterations and repairs, and that
those towns which have employed competent consulting engine^s
to lay out comprehensive systems and have thereafter conformed to
the plan in construction, have usually 'found such a course to be pro-
fitable.
SEWERAGE PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED BY THE COMMISSIONER
OF HEALTH, WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNOR AND THE
ATTORNEY GENERAL, DURING 1913.
During the year, one hundred and nine sewerage permits and de-
crees have been issued and it should be noted that, as in the case of
water works, every permit is a decree but every decree is not a per-
mit. These permits and decrees include seventy-one permits for the
temporary discharge of sewage untreated into State waters; seven-
teen approvals of plans for sewage treatment works, in addition to
sixteen approvals of sewage treatment plans contained in temporary
permits; three decrees rejecting sewerage plans or withholding ap-
proval thereof until sewage treatment plans are prepared; one de-
cree rejecting sewage treatment plans; and fifteen decrees requiring
the preparation of sewage treatment plans to be taken up at once.
Two special permits were issued to the borough of Washington for
petty sewer extensions to its system, discharging to the sewage treat-
ment works already approved by the Department. One permit, is-
sued to the borough of Jeannette, was not accepted.
Of the seventy-one permits for the temporary discharge of sewage
untreated into State waters:
Seven expire within six months and require the submission of
sewage treatment plans within that time, namely, those issued to
Arnold, Brownsville, Edwardsville (2 permits), John Hamilton of
State College, Shenandoah, and South Brownsville.
Twenty expire within one year, namely, those issued to Athens,
Coraopolis, Erie, Lewisville, North East, Philadelphia (14 permits)
and the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company of Marianna.
Twenty-eight expiie within two years, namely, those issued to
Cambridge Springs, Carbondale, Charleroi, Collier Land Company,
CoUingdale, Colwyn, Coudersport, Darby, East Lansdowne, Qlen-
olden, Greenville, (2 permits), Kane, Lansdowne, Millboume, North
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 887
Charleroi, Norwood, Parkesburg, Prospect Park, Renoi^o, Ridley Park,
Sharon, Sharon Hill, Springdale, Uniontown, Upper Darby Town-
ship, Wyoming, and Yeadon.
Eleven expire within three years, namely, those issued to Avalon,
Bedford, Blairsville, Corry, Homestead, Meyersdale, Mt. Lebanon
Township (2 permits). Parsons, Towanda, and Union City.
Three expire within four years, namely, those issued to Duquesne,
East McKeesport and Edinboro.
Two provide for the temporary discharge of sewage until its treat-
ment becomes necessary, although no definite date of expiration is
given in the permits, namely, that to the Nazareth Sewerage Com-
pany (for partially treated sewage) and that to North Braddock,
which requires the submission of sewage treatment plans on order.
Seventeen permits and decrees approving plans for sewage treat-
ment works were issued to the following:
1. Altoona (eastern district).
2. Bristol.
3. Farrdl.
4. Hillside Home, Scran ton Poor District.
5. House of Employment of Delaware County.
6. Jeannette.
7. Lansdale.
8. Lig^onier (First Permit).
9. Ligonier (Second Permit).
10. Middle Coal Field Poor District.
11 . Norristown .
12. Philadelphia (Night Soil Disposal Plant).
13. Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, Willow Grove Park.
14. Seybert Institution, Abington Township, Montgomery County.
15. State College (to use Penna. State College plant temporarily).
16. Vesta Coal Company, East Bethlehem Township, Washington County.
17. York.
Numbers 7, 11, 16, and 17 of the above permits and decrees require
modification of sewage treatment plans to be re-submitted for final
approval. The above list is in addition to approvals of sewage treat-
ment plans given in a number of instances in permits for the tem-
porary discharge of crude sewage.
The three decrees rejecting or withholding approval of sewer plans
were issued to Clifton Heights, Elizabethville, and Hanover Town-
ship, Luzerne County.
The fifteen decrees requiring the immediate preparation of plans
for sewage treatment works were issued to
1. Beaver Falls (First Decree).
2. Beaver Falls (Second Decree).
3. Butler-Hlghfields Land and Improvements Company.
4. Canton.
5. Claysville.
6. Edinboro (First Decree).
7. Jersey Shore.
8. Ligonier (Second Decree).
9. Jjock Haven.
10. Mt. Lebanon Township (First Decree).
11. New Kensington
12. South Renovo.
13. Swarthmore.
14. Tarentnm.
15. West Newton.
Digitized by
Google
868 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
EXPLANATION OF THE FOLIX)WING TABLE OF ALL SEWERAGE
PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF
HEALTH UP TO DECEMBER 31ST, 1913.
There have been 799 sewerage and sewage disposal permits and
decrees issued since the creation of the State Department of Health,
several for the same place in a number of instances. The places
served comprise 352 municipalities, cities, boroughs, and townships,
numbered consecutively in alphabetical order in the first column of
the following table. Where the recipients are the municipalities,
they are followed by consecutive numbers in the narrow second
column headed "Numbering of Municipal Owners." Where the re-
cipients are private corporations, individuals, or institutions, their
names are given in the third column opposite the municipalities in
which the system is located. These private parties are also entered
in this column alphabetically, with consecutive numbers and with
cross references, opposite in the first column, to the municipalities.
The permits and decrees, and years of issue, are indicated opposite
the alphabetical entries. A few post-offices, stations, and popular
names are also entered alphabetically in the first column, without
numbers, to facilitate reference.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
809
O
O
8!
J?:
35
»
^
H
!
1
: ^
§
4 iH tH f
4 tH 1-4 M «H
1
H
•
8
:
. iH • I-
1 • • IH IH
a
^
:
. ;
; ;
o
^
A
.
. ^ . ^ .
^
a
^
\ 1
i i
1
g
I ^ '.
: :
25-
31
i
2
»^ . • .
iH
>k«H
AO
fl
1
3
:
|8
5
8
s
»-l • . rN
a
08
•
5
s
N »-l •• 1-4
: :
S
A
• iS
^
IH
S<«i
o
:
•
.
n
IS
f
"8
IS
«S
Is
: S i
Ml!
' 1 i ^
' : ft *
: g g
NJ
§2
.
1 i
i S
: ►» : :
PS
o
r
a
9
ii
s
S
HI
►* >• K
a a d
: ^
i 1
: oQ
a
ii i i
il i i
i 3 : :
s
^ «
« 0) «
il i i
11 M
s
1
III
ill
1 ;
5 -< ^
: -<
z
Fl M CO
*
'. *o
^
cs
ivdiofanni
)0 Stifaaqtanfj
fH
M M
•« wa
«D fr- 00
il
i
: :
III
s' :
.
i i
u
g
&
III
if
If
1 :
•S £
1 S
S
1
«
5 a' 5
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
. K 5 w c
: 6 ; ;
■1|M
mi
1 ! 1 1
"ill 1
i«.
S 2
S b 6 b ^
1 5 E
« b fl ?
^ ^
<! •<
<! ^
•«am
IH M
«9 >«
W «
t- « ?>
-indpiq
nnz JO 8c
riJdqmn^^
Digitized by
Google
870
EIGHTH ANNUAL KEPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
1
d
S .
§3
O
OQ
3
i
i'al
05
IS
004
■5g
2-=
S X 3)
* o >
'sjaiiMO
JO StiiJaqmiiM
s u a
o i 5
-ivdpianai jo 8aiJd(imn|ii
al
1 "S2 i
2 •§ "^
Sag
if ■•
a a s IS
«D t> ae
^ iH ti4
I
S >§
^ S
a ^
al
i t
I I
I a
II
II
^ 8^
"s ^ g S
;§ « « «
^ B 5 ^
2 g *
a
a
I
H
a
••
s
a
&
2
w w ^
J3 S a
s g ^ S^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
871
I
a
a
s
I
OQ
m
s
n u u
I
s
1°
5"
81 S
» S9
S^ S
» Q
S 3 8
6|
fe ^
a
S
S 8 8 & JS
s a
1
6 6
^ 5
^ ^
5
I 5 5 a
iS 5
Digitized by
Google
872
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Oft. Doc.
a
O
?^
»
^1
Ad
wT
^s
r-
►Sir >
^<
2a
§^
Hg
hhCJ
(3
o
«J
1
1
52
«2
a
04
I
i
i
i
a*
s«
5
0
«
g
«
►
25
£
s
3
SI
^1
15
ll
III
2
'uaoMo
JO Safjaqcon^i
ill
ill
o2i a
its
B* a
•ivdpiana jo 8a(Joqainj^
5 .
II
5 1 5
a -^
"I
ft i i
lis
ill
I
s a 9
4«3«9S«3
d a
a I
S
S
a
i
i --.
: 1 1
■5 = 2
^ 6 a i
&
S
JO
: 5 5
J" •* S
> i S
o u u u
PS 1^
1 1
I 5
M r
9 f^ :3 » S
St3S52SSS5
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
873
M 'MM
iH 10 • m
a
« 6 6
S Is -^
I is
& So, 1
i s^ s
Q Q
8 S IS
S &
s s
n n g
I Is
§ 5 §
I :
^ 1
3 E
i 3
a a
I 5 6
§§65 3 6 S
S « S 6 8 8
5 a
S 4
OJ 0)
8 s'
O W
g e*-
a
es
o
a
i
5 S
^ 5
o o o O
ri S
I
I
Digitized by
Google
m
liJlGflTH AKxVtJAL UEt^ORT OF TflEJ
Otf. l>oc.
s
g
O
S5
a
Q
H
►
PS
I
I
i "
i«l
"I
Is
&
5
£
si
ll
^3
III
H
I?
as
II
SI S3
04
'uaaMO
JO aafJdqtnnM
is.
•Is?
J go
ila
a o
ah
si a
6 S 8 S
r 8
5 g
5
a
m
3 5
o a
5 3
s
5 s a'
i I g
5 0-2,
lis
i I a
a a u
a <s a
I
I 5
l«
? =
S^ s
2
S 8 S SS
0 a
? §
ii
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
875
■^ r^ ft M
'.I 11^^
1 r>
(
; ; ; J ; j i '^ : **
' '"
1 • •
11 I '^ I iiiiiiii* * !rii
: I "^ : I
: : : : : :::**:::: : ^ ....
: i i !
: : : :
: : : : :
1
rH . . .-
il
1
—
rH
: : :
I i I
; '. -
" : '
I 1 ■
2 :
1 i ■■
li
II
&
'■}
■■I
1
i
1
Brittoin. A. K., et al
DeyoQ (Gitixens)
East. Ponna. State Inst, for F. M. ft E.
near Spring City.
27 Bast Wilklnsburg ImproTement Co
St. FVancis Ind. School (Bensalem Twp.),
-
il
i 8
: >=
\ 6
2
o'
1 i
f2 S e
ft 9 JA
u n
I
:. 6
': S
iii
I i I
s § ^
Do*?
I
IS
^ S
I I
M 9
8
If -
I I
I I
a H S B S u S
^ s;
CL4
i
I
S
■a
p .
45 ■ M IB
■W -M «J ^J* C
«
£ S
i »
§ ^"
ill
^21
a Si -^
•5 ^ J
Si 1 1 1
»©«
fi e
fis
S 3 r
.ecu"
I
I
g s s s »
s I g
Digitized by
Google
876
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OB' THE
Off. Doc
O
m
m
si
I?
a
I
I
9
a
I
i*l
so
an
go
O
I
5
H
O
H
00
a
s
If
r
s
-S
ll
ags
9 09Q
55
'UdQMO
ivdiainnixi
}o six|jaqmaN
In
IP
ill
ll!
lis
S * a
!9
SS S So 8
S S SS 8 8
8 8 SE 8'
i I
5 %
•gem
-t«<Ipninai JO Sof jaqoiDK
g i 3
s ^ I
I s. S
a a a
s ea u
"i~8 s
5l
< s
11
II
= 6
5 i
•a s s
a
S E
i!
£ £
s s s a 2
i-i ^ fH *-i »i4
a h S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
877
•OC4 ^CMN iH-^tdr^M
♦IX J"
I
13 I
a| a
s s
a
I'
O
^1
"I
Is
|8
IS
«^
a^
ad
n
iili
«
g>
(^
?
A
1
n
IS
s ? § §
§ i § § §
a a
6
t ^ S
:; n '^
III
^ - i
fa o o
s I
II
S H
3 S S S
>
5
I s
I £
i »
«
2 §
o
6
I I
^ i
» S
a
5
S §
xa
5 i
B a
5 6
R 0
u O
I ^
s &
a a
a a
& & 8
i i a
5 6
I I
2
§111
O H H h3
R £ £ §
s a
^ § g g g
c? M
Digitized by
Google
878
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Orr. Doc.
o
gi
2^
a^
8^
gl
S»
Qa
g^
oag
»^
i^
Hq
HO
go
O
-^
CIS
1^
go
g
a
s
i
I
s
a
s
H
O
H
2S
"8
II
ft
II
Si's «
•uaoMO
ivdfoianm
JO SnHaqamN
Q
H
>•
OS
H
00
a'Sg
^^ o
9 S3 a-
I
B
I
i i-
n n
S 9
•j
3 ^
^
e 1
•d
1^ 1
3
«ls
i
5§ £
4
-J-
•
00 J ^^
Q.S o .
cu
<
sill
4
a^ si
f^
ones A
over
use of
Mills
•n o
oU
X
»
•IvdpfaDOi )o Sn(jaqainM
; 6
: a
I 8
1^.
S 8
a
£
W .P4 •<>
I S I
S U
£'£
s S S
I 5
8 *
a S,
o o
m 33
& -a-
* I
U H
2 S S
U ^
9 3
^ S
5 S
IS s
,& a
5
I
J!
0 a p ^
s tn ta e
i I
•o W
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
870
T--: ~
• ^ > f-i
. . SSI
1
41Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. (Sewera in, i
Hopewell Twp. taken over by Wood- ; I
Uwn, Inc. In 190O.)
42 Josephine Furnace & Coke Co..
' ' 3
s s
8 3
« §
^ &
6
3
%
I
1
: : :
; f-« J
:::••::
^ ;
IH ; • J •
M M !
* ft
J
•
5 !
1 .
s •
1 :
ii
1 ^
§99
ass S9SSS
a s s s §
3 S S 2 S I
66
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
1
&
I
i
S-wi
Q
Q
O
s
S
11
II
11
•SO"
111
D OX
I
i
O,
S
a
Si
5
e
5*^ 52
"I
i2^
5
a
S
9
■uauMO
JO sa{jaqmnj{
a
04
51.
lit
-^ aw
iSa
a *
= |o
<4 Sim
iioi
s I
a
s
& I
if
I
S
I
a
I
e
a
3
* |5 |6 g3
3 3 3 3
M
a
a S e«
t » s I
I ^ 'S I
I f I ^.
IIH
a ® a C
*» ;itf A B
CC Ct Of «
S 3S S
> I
3 «
I?
1^ S
^5
S 8
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HE3ALTH.
881
•Of-4«9Mi-ICOf-lMi-(«0
M <-! ^
C« • r4 C4
: ■ R
s s a
IS
S
till
2 2 « Q o Oi ^
2g 5
3 S
9 9
S SggS'lSSSS
6
2 S
I 5
•3 •
8 -
§ I
S
s
s
s
u
a s
- I
a a
Sis
s
3 i
1 ^
I ^
6 S
3 6 5
^ >
a a
> ^ ^ s
2 5 S I
•o "S 3 ■"
■o -o V a
3 i 3 S
8 6 6
^ I
W -3 3
6 :
568
I § § 3
S SB
^ a s
: s
Ml
^
a
a s s s :3
66—14^1915
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAIi REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
n
o
h
si
§1
^H
HO
go
M
O
I
— - —
s
I !
eq
et
'« l-l 00
e<9 r^ rn
e«
•H oo b.
H
: :
1
,
M
t-i
1
1
:
: :
:
§
^
^
r*
^
M
5
Si
:
\
ll
'^
'
§
i i
' I '.
^ :
iH
• »-• rH
1!
I '. '.
:
§
: :
M
'. '. ^
: i
:
:
>»%4
•
•
ja o
11
:
• iH «
: ^
\ \
«>S
S
: :
•
_ . _ _
~ .
' 7"
~ri
_
~»-i • ~
~
—
"2
i
; ;
:
5
§
j
\
w
1*1
*^
C4
n
i 1
1
1
: O
«4
o •
Q
5
1
^1
s
^ S
SS
3g
1 ^
1 s'
I
1
6
0 0
i|
II
Is
& 1
2
El '^
ft
i
O
III
Ut
■i
if
2;
Oi
2
S
e;
C^
Cd
ti
*8jaaM0
JO JSaijaqainM
§
S 3 S
3 S §
g
§ §
-----
-,
--
il
sis
6 6
S
§ i i
III
& ^
a
c^
1 U
Q
>
g
O
&4
if?
i
S eg 0/
II
u
1 i
a a
1 -
§
•
1
s
1
9
s
g
•j
15
5 • ?
^. i 1
a ►. 1
ft;
111
J
c
i
B
: 6
n
8 %
1
a
1
5
2
S
t If
1 Ic
t CQ O
3 > ic
a
o o
O
^^ SB cd
a ft* &
:§ s
g
S
:8
a 1^ s
§ i i
H y. 5
§ § §
y. 2 *>'.
•lidpia
am JO in
•Bapi
jaaqinnji
§ s
Digitized by
Google
N'o. U.
COMMISSIONER OP HBALTB.
I
6 -
^ St "^
;-
■— ■ ;
: i :.
:::::: ^ :
1
i
1
d
O 3
Northwestern State Normal School,
Gtoodyear Lumber Co. (Now Norwich Lnm-
ber Co.)
Allegheny City Home,
Allegheny Co. Workhouse,
• Aspinwall-Delafleld Oo
BUw Steel Centering Co
PltUburgh Filter Plant
s s
5 S
S S'
a S
I
55 5
B o
2 ^
i|
5 3 8 8 5
6 ^ ^ & &
a> 0) 4) 5 »
Sea w an ca w
^ ^3 5 q ^ 5
1 1
g g
1 I
g g
n A ix] tQ n
b b b b b
a§s»s s§§^
Digitized by
Google
884
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
8;
1
*e
<e
i ^
ri ^
"rH
M
M
^
1-1
OJ r4
N 0 '.
g
1
7
tH
— -
-7
2
: :
: ^
i
'^
: : :
a
9)
9
^
• •
-•
^ :
III
a
: :
:
: : :
y
-.
-^
-.
-^
fH
iH
—
i
SS
s
'"
: f
: :
,H
:
ii
" '^ :
»^VI
i
«
-^
-'
—
~-
TH
• tH
|s
M
ri
f-t
.
r-l
t.^ 1-H
1
i
I i
5
«
.
a
1
£
I-"!
"^
-
i
•s
II
i 5-
s
1 ■
ill
2
►
i
; ^
. ° :
3 a- i
5
i
1
a
-_g
11
li-
ft
! H
s as
6'
1
3
a
o
a
i
t
SI
ill
lis
a a
i
G3
>
Ill
1 p
1
1
i i
||l
p;
>=
S
g s~
s
s
s
a
.*§
& 8
3 8
l»dio
uanMo
lanm
S
3
JO SaiJaqmaM
• "•^
4 4
&8 .
r
9 a
^
^
•: 1
i 1 1
w
S
.5- ^
if
1 ^
ii
6
d
g
i
c
9
i^.
1 1 :
9 a i
1
•go
fil
II
at
■sis
c
c
«
c
i
1
,5
a a
it tl
. OH OH
• if if
SH SH
1
s
i
I
1
i
OS
1
1
a
1 1 1 1 :
a ! t ^ 5
s 1 1 g s
1 ^i i 1
S
' tfi
« ed
C8 09
A
8t
OQ
00
OQ < !
w #« S
o
O
&4 CU
CU CU
d*
b
{L
£
-IBdpiu
nm JO Sc
■geWT
8
s
S
s §
§
g
B
%
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
^ Sa *^
»H
•H
i *
i -♦ 1-
« N M
> 1-1 J M »^
1-1 1-1 M
> • 1-1 M v^
1 1 • fH
: ^* :
i
i-t
I
; ;
I "^
. 1-1 .... .
• Ok M
;
:
;
• • ON
. . r^ T^
iH 1-1
• ..... r4
i 53 ;
:
1
:
. 1-t »-
. iH : •^ J
; :
; : : *^ I : :
'^ a :
I
i
: *"
1 *
: :
: I '^
^
1 •
T-l
r
r ^
• :
' I I I I
! r M M
• «
) •
j
:
• «
>
. w
• •
'•
:
— ;
I '. '.
;■"
Si
o
:
:
: : : :
• &i
t.
:
i
: ^ : :
': ^ \
*
■
:
I i : I
: S :
«a
?
§
': a ; :
i 1 i
ST
-a
• 0
s
i
1
6
6
5
t
\ ^
1.
: c
■ i
1 1
: B
1
HI!
: ^ : :
: S : :
i 55 : !
: £ :
lii
Si =
j5 a :
5H
2
2
5CU
2
^
: t
J2
: 5 : :
: « : :
&I
&<
&<
: £
d
3
S
«
^
§ §
a a
S i
§
I
5§
§ S
I
I
:l
1^
3 T
8
g
b S
6 : s
o M 5 a
M a
^ 5
a ^*
04 P4
£
i «
o ^
« I
P4 &4
I?
.£
«5
S 3
ii
II
I i
&4 CU
a a
4 ^
a ^
:ff. \i^ *$ t^ ^ ^ S
e^ ^1 d c^ M CM e3
S 6
S ff S
§i § S § S
Digitized by
Google
SS6
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
n
H
o
H
^1
tflS
w^
|§
:?^
H^
ojg
W^
g^
HO
go
O
aJ5
23
"I
Q
b
O
OQ
H
'A
H
U
H
M
Q
OQ
I
i
^«S
a •
£S
IS
3 2 ►
HI
1st
Si
c o
a
""
~ '\'
\\Y
_ _ _ .
"-^
&
:
g
o
'^
n
cu
1
a
i
\i \
1
1
I
: g
: A
- A
C3
i
* 0
1
5
11 \
1
%
. 5
BB '2
1
a
02
a "
IM
« 1 i
•
o
1 5 i
1
-ivdpianm jo SnijaqazoM
IS § § §
3 i 3 2 S
s s. a s 3
s s
6 5
5 I
p S
S H S
5 § ?
S 9
0 «
p: ?4
P4
► Z ^
^ u
„ 5
S Be ^. ^
^ ^ ^ I i
a
5
s
O
s
.M
J2
n
S
H
u
a
o
s
s
s
0)
&
g?
pq
1
«
a
S
%
fe
OQ
S
<s
i ^ i g
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
887
•0 i-l wt
C4 M f-l f-4
CI r-l «D
ml
f-t Ct . M
8«l • . iH • • I ', ^ '. '.
wt r-
* -
■• »H »■
'- ]- -
■1
7 -^
'^ I MM M
• ; ; »-l
'. '^
I »-< :
Inaane.
Deimont Land Oo. (Annexed in 19M to
Doroiont q. ▼.)
Dyaart, A. P.,
McClure, H. M
§ i
S :
§ i
a ;
ir
1 r :
g 1 =
1 1 i
s s ;
0
1
n
i ''
6
1
H 3 a
«§aga ^ §g
I
6 S
i I
3
s ^
2 « -
S 2 S
oo oo 00
^1
5 6
3
S g K >
E s e
S 2
o. ^
S g S
§ I 5 -
- -«J S5 *
m
S
s
c
XI
6
g
S
M
S
S
B
^
1
.a
^
e
*
§
a
OD
1
S
a
OD
e
Of
a
1
1
n
1
SSS^SSiSlii^S^SI!
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
S<5
go
W
^
«
0
il
CO
1
i
M ^ : .H : : : M : • -< • • .•
i
I
: '^ : : : »^ : : "-* : : :
i
I "^ : : : I : ^ : : • • • •
3
i
M M K ! Mi M
5
; m • • . . . . . . .
-- '~
•MM \ \ M
1
I
1
- -. — - .-- — —
'1
a
■ 1
Il
II
1-
s
0
g
s
O
H
i
Is-
|l
1
II
f
11
tl
If
1-
111
!
Mt. Gretna Park
Lehigh County Commissioners,
Bast. Penna. State Inst, for F. M. ft B.
(E. Vincent Twp.)
Dermady Sana., near Morton
John Hatallton. (Permit for part of Col-
Penna. RtntA Coll^eni
*azaaMo
IBdfaianm
JO 9u(jaqmn}{
sag § g
Q
H
i
I
i
li
a
111
South Canonsburg (now part of Canons'
burg), Washington Co.
S. Londonderry Township, Lebanon Co.,
South RenoYO, Clinton CJo
South Sharon (became Farrell In 1912), ...
•
South Whitehall Township, Lehigh Co.,
Spring City, Chester Co. (vicinity), ....
Sprlngdale, Allegheny Co. (Inc. Oct. 17,
'06, from part of Sprlnigdale Twp.),
Sprlngdale, Allegheny Co. (Inc. Oct. 17,
'06, from part of Sprlngdale Twp.),
Springfield Township, Delaware Co
State College, Centre Co.
StAtQ Colloee. Centre Co
1
4
0
s
w
-IBdpUl
mm JO 8i
•Bam
ijjaqranij
1 g
n n % S g g
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
889
v4 CO N
8 1 Si
8 r
6= 5
° I ! I
2 2
5 H
? a
^,
o S S §
•O "O IQ g*
g a a I
hi b b
^ .S 5 *j
i i i s-
I 5 5 s
•f ■»-• ♦J HH
h b b
O O O d
"a I
& «
5 8
o* 5 a
U A A
■a S 2
rt W CB
I Q Q
I £• 3
s -s -s
s Q ■
^ i »
I e g
- i 3
& S 3
CO O} QO OO QO O?
g §
M §
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OflP. Doc.
8:
i
o
.
.
s
i i
rl CS)
rH
i
; ;
'^
. _ — -
^ ~i-l
—
~ - -
_ _ .
^
s^
aS
s'l
*8
II
fi
II
111
0 on
'A
-uauMO
ivdiofanai
JO aniaaqrattN
a
i
il
« O rt
2o5
ca • a
0'5 »
•BOW
-ivd|0|anai jo Safjaqmn^
I
I
s £ a
i s s
•^ I a
1« S O
i S g
g s g as
2 ^
S 8 t
a
09
M
s
' 8 5
- > S E
2 I 5 6
i I ^. I
a g g »
03 jq fl *i
H H H
5 t
e
I
;j b p p
I
i^ii ii§5
to «0
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OE' fitEALl^H.
m
iH 04 iH la
iH r-l fr) 1-4 O
8
o
I §
as Q
I
3
I
. a
s
gl
0
0
a
B
•4
0)
a
§
1
£
•^
g
s
£
ss
■M^
s
s
s
s
iiii iis 3isig
i l§ il S 8 8
d 6 8
& g §
« & !:
■?- « «
« Pt
i i
s
§ I
« s
■s -s
1 8
I
II
I i
If
S
I .
5
^
§ g
s s
€
f
fc
i s
I 1
8 ii
5 I
III
^ ^
^
S fe
- ^
5- ^
11
e5 5
■s ti rs ii -e S
^ M «
^ ^
s ;3
S§ § §§ §g|gg g§ §
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OflP. Doc.
L
2 a
<5 i^S
2^a
<
(A
H
fk
O
I
Si
r
I'
ll
III
all
■ajdUMO
}0 8a]J9qTnati{
as
3
O
3l.-
iff
S2s5
eatcan
2o5
o cs ^
S £ &
its
* I 3
Sis
s s
§ s § Si
s
s s I
^ s i
a I
s
I
S5
a 5
^ >
S5 H
I g s ^ " e J
n C9 07 C9 ^ w
^ 5 s
a u I I
^ 0 a a
S S 5 5
P o o o
P D p
s
s
^.1
I
u s
i;
s i*
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF fitBALl^H.
*-l
1
f-l
H
»-
: : i j
iH J I ^
III'. I ^
iH «H ; • iH
; iH . . .
: :
'^ ! MM
: :
; iH
i-l J rH
H
! r i
";r-
j j
i j
iH ; ;
•** I I
•^ I
TH
I I
a
1
1
>
2S
-.1
: S
1 i
iJ
■ 4 =
« j
5
i
\
«
state Asylum for Ghron. Ina. (L. Heidel-
berg Twp.)
Cheater Co. Home & Hoap. for Ina
i
1
1
a
1
a' 1
ij
' i 1
: ^
• S
H 8
S S 3 i S g i
S ig 8 § 8 8
Digitized by
Google
802
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF. THE
Off. Doc
cn
O
H
H
<^
^1
^i
s ^
«^
go
Cj
s5
So
o
OQ
1-^
: : — «
s
• •■ H
M T-4
i^i-4iHiH*r<ie<l>* iH.
o
1
H
— -
?3
: :
^
s
: :
9
a
5
s
^
;
if
s
s
•^ I
•
^S
§
^
t>»«4
•^
f-i
iH
^ . . ,
ut
i
|g
• iH
1
i
: : :
08
•
iS
.
ea . . . .
S
-
;
i^i
■^s
9
ss
!
M
J9
IS
0^
MUl
: 5
5
a B
5"
i
&
■Mis
i-
' 1
en
g
fa
o
s'l
■if
P
III
ill
i
<
^
Ii Us
■Ml!
: : g 1
1 I
n £
■s i
a
1
« .
'1
>
ft •
J5
i IM
1 S
1^
5?;
s
s
s
i
-UdUMO
g
g g
g g g g g
JO dafieqnzniq
^"S
: ft
:
n
OQ
1
1
ill
11:
Sd8 4.
11
a 1
3 i
■ 4 i 1 s fi
! & 5 i S
' 1 '. 1 1
! ' f ' t
s 1 1 1 1
3 € ^ 1 §
.!5
Ill
1 sa 1
•
5
i
1
1
S
s
&fefcfcfefefe fefc
-l»dpin
nm }o 8a
§
g§gi §§ §s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
803
•VMM*
iH f-l M
: ^
IH iH f-l •
; : ;
: §
iH J J J
\ \ \
: a
! I • •
• • TH
: S
rt 1-t . .
■ : : ;
• 2
;
£
4
g
^
«4
c
o
%
&
so
a
9
a
s g i s s s s
0> O r4 C4
SS ^ 3 ig
Digitized by
Google
894
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEWERAGE PERMITS AND DECREES ISSUED BY
THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH WITH THE AGREEMENT OF THE
GOVERNOR AND ATTORNEY GENERAL, 1905-1913.
Before the State undertook the regulation of the sewage pollution
of its waters through the legislation requiring the public authorities
having by law the charge of the sewer system of any municipality to
submit their sewerage plans for the approval of the Governor, the
Attorney General and the Commissioner of Health, haphazard meth-
ods of building sewers regardless of system were quite generally in
vogue throughout the Commonwealth. Now this has been changed.
Some idea of the value of the engineering work of the State Depart-
ment of Health may be obtained from considering the number of
.comprehensive plans for public sewerage systems which have been
prepared and submitted to the Department for approval up to the
present time as a result of its formal requirements and educational
program. There are 190 such comprehensive plans that have been
approved, either in detail or tentatively, in permits and decrees is-
sued by agreement of the Governor, Attorney General and Commis-
sioner of Health, and the necessary extensions of these gfystems from
year to year are being made in conformity with these plans. The
State could not be a party to a plan for desultory additions to existing
sewers, regardless of system. In the following table are given the
190 recipients of permits and decrees approving comprehensive sewer-
age plans.
Chester.
Cfaeswick .
Coaldale.
College HiU.
Collier Land Co.
CoIIingdale.
Columbia .
ColwyD .
Corry.
Couderaport.
Cressman, Philip. (Perkasie).
Cresson .
I>anville.
Durby.
Derry
Dickson City.
Donora .
Dormont .
Dorranceton .
Doylostown Sewerage Co.
Drocton Land Co.
Duquesne.
Dunmore.
Dnryea.
Dysart, A. P,, (Scott Twp.)
Eaplcs Mvro.
Knst Brady.
1.
Aldan.
27.
2.
Aliquippa.
28.
3.
AUentown.
29.
4.
Altoona.
30.
5.
Arnold .
31.
6.
AspinwaU-Delafield Co.
32.
7.
Avoca.
33.
8.
Baden .
34.
9.
Beaver.
35.
10.
Bedford.
36.
11.
Bellevue.
37.
12.
Ben Avon.
38.
13.
Blairsville.
39.
14.
Blakely.
40.
15.
Brackenridge.
. 41.
18.
Bradford.
42.
17.
Bristol.
43.
18.
Btitlcr-IIigh fields T^and and
Im- 44.
proveraent Co.
4o.
19,
Cambridge Springs.
46.
20.
Canonsburg.
47.
21.
Carbondale.
48.
22.
Carlisle.
49.
23.
Carmiohaels.
.W.
24.
Carrirk.
51.
2n.
Chambersbiirg.
52.
28.
Charleroi.
53.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
89o
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110,
111.
m.
113.
lU.
115.
IW.
117.
118.
110.
I'^O.
121.
East liEnsdowne. 122
East MoKeesport. 123
East Mauch Chunk. 124
Easton. 123
East Wilkinsburg Improvement Co. 128
Eddy stone. 127
Edinboro. 128
Edwardsville. 129
EUwood City. 130
Emlenton. 131
Emsworth. 132
Erie. 133
Erie Improvement Co. 134
Etna.
Evanfiburc 135
Everson. 136
Fair Oaks Land Co. 137
Farrell. 138
Forest City. 139
Forty Fort. 140
Glenolden. 141
Goodyear Lumber Co. (now Nor- 142
wich Lumber Co). 143
Green Tree. 144
Greenville. U.5
Grove City. ' 146
Hamilton, John, (State College). '47
Harrisburg. 148
Hastings. 149
Houtzdale. 1.^0
Indiana. 151
Jeannette. 152
Jenkintown. 153
Jersey Shore. 154
Johnsonburg. 155
Jones and I^ughlin Steel Co. 156
Kane. 157
Kingston. 158
Koppel Land Co. 15»
I^ncaster. 160
Lansdale. 161
Lansdowne. 162
Lebanon . 163
Lehigh ton. 164
I^wisburg. 165
Lewistown. 166
Lewisville, 167
Ligonier. 168
Lower Merion Township, Mont- 169
gomery County. 170
Lykens. 171
McAdoo. 172
Marcus Hook.
Mars. 173
Ma son town. 174
May field Yards. 17.5
Mercer. 176
Meyersdale. 177
Middletown Drainage Co. 178
Millbonrne. 179
Millvale. 180
Milton. 181
Minors Mills. ]9o
M^onessen. m3
Mt. Carmel. 1S4
Mt. Gretn« P«rk. iQ'i
Mt. I^bnnon Township, Alleghenv 186
County. ' 1^7
Mt. Oliver. i*^9
Mt. Plen.sant. 189
Mt. Union. 190
Narberth.
Nazareth .
New Brighton.
New Casfie.
New Kensington.
Newport.
New Wilmington.
North Charleroi.
North East.
Northumberland .
Olyphant.
Osborne.
Palmer Land Co. (sewerage taken
over by Palmertou Disposal Co )
Parsons.
Patterson Heights.
Pleasantville.
Portage .
Pottstown .
Quakertown .
Reading.
Renovo.
Kidgway .
Ridley Park.
St. flair, Allegheny County.
St. Marys.
Snyre.
Scott Township, Allegheny Countv.
Sewicklry.
Shaler Township.
Sharon.
Sharou Hill.
Sharpsville.
Siverly.
Somerset.
South Canonsburg.
South Fork.
South Renovo.
Springdale.
State College.
Suburban Drainage Co.
SummcM-hill .
Summit Hill.
Sus(jiielianna Depot.
Swarthmore.
.Tarentum!
Throop .
Towanda.
Union City.
Union town.
Upland.
UpDer Darby
County.
Vesta Coal Co.
Wall.
Warren.
Wa.qhington.
Watson town.
Wayne Sewerage Co.
West Choster
West End.
West H'>vJoton.
West Mb^rty Improvement Co.
West Newton.
Wpst Pittsburgh R(}iltv Co.
West View.
Wilkinsburg.
Winton .
AVvoming.
Tea don.
York.
Township, Delaware
57
Digitized by
Google
J
806 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OflP. Doc.
For seventy places sewage treatment works have been built or are
in progress of erection in accordance with plans passed upon in per-
mits and decrees issued by the State Department of Health. The
recipients of such permits and decrees are as follows:
1. Allegheny City Home, O'Hara Township.
2. Allegheny County Home and Hospital for Insane, CoUier Township.
3. Allegheny County Work House, O'Hara Township.
4. Bethany Orphans' Home, Heidelberg Township, Berks County.
5. Blaw Steel Centering Company, 0*Hara Township, Allegheny County.
6. Bristol.
7. Brittain, A. R., et al.. East Stroudsburg.
8. Bryn Athyn Village Association, Moreland Township, Montgomery County.
9. Buck Hill Falls Company, Barrett Township, Monroe C-ounty.
10. Carlisle.
11. Chambersburg.
12. Chester County Home & Hospital for the Insane, West Bradford Township.
13. Chester Springs Soldiers* Orphans* School, West Pikeland Township, Chester
County .
14. Cressman, Philip, (public sewerage of Perkasie).
15. Delaware County House of Employment, Middletown Township.
16. Dermady Sanatorium, Springfield Township, Delaware County.
17. Derry.
18. Dormont.
19. Doylestown Sewerage Company.
20. Eastern Pennsylvania State Institution for the Feeble Minded and Epileptic,
East Vincent Township, Chester County.
21. •East Washington.
22. Glen Mills Schools, Boys* Department, Thornbury Township, Delaware
County.
23. Glen Mills Schools, Girls* Department, Middletown Township, Delaware
County.
24. Goodyear Lumber Company (now Norwich Lumber Company), Norwich Town-
ship, McKean County.
25. Haverford College, Haverford Township, Delaware County.
26. Home and Hospital of the Good Shepherd, Radnor Township, Delaware
County.
27. Homoeopathic State Hospital for the Insane, Hanover Township, Lehigh
County .
28. Howard J. W. & A. P., & Co., Ltd., Tannery, Columbus Township, War-
ren County, (near Corry).
29. Indiana.
30. Lebanon.
31. Lehigh County Home and Almshouse, South Whitehall Township.
32. Ligonier.
33. Middle Coal Field Poor District, Tiehigh Township, Carbon County.
34. Mt. Gretna Park, South Londonderry Township, I^banon County.
35. Mt. Lebanon Township, Allegheny County.
36. Nazareth Sewerage Company (temporary works)..
37. New Jersey Zinc Company, Palmertou.
38. New Wilmington.
39. Palmer Land Company, Palmerton. (Sewerage taken over by Palmerton Dis-
posal Company, October 1, 1912. >
40. Pennsylvania Glue Company. Springdale.
41. Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory, Smithfield Township, Huntingdon
County .
42. Pennsylvania State College, State College.
43. Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Susquehanna Township, Dauphin
County .
44. Pennsylvania Training School, Cecil Township, Washington County.
45. Philadelphia (Pennypack Creek District).
46. Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium for Consumptives, Tx)wer Providence Town-
ship, Montgomery County.
47. Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, Willow Grove Park, Moreland Town-
ship, Montgomery County.
48. Pittsburgh Filter Plant, near Aspinwall, O'Hara Township, Allegheny County.
40. Plonsnntville.
50. Reading.
51. Rumpf's Sons, Frederick, Middletown Township, Bucks County.
52. Rush Hospital, Country Branch, Willistown Township. Chester County.
53. St. Francis Industrial School, Bensalem Township, Bucks County.
.54. Schuylkill County Poor Farm, North Manheim Township.
55. Scran ton Poor District, Hillside Home, Newton Township, I^ackawannn
County .
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
897
56.
57.
59.
eo.
61.
62.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
Seybert Institution, Abington Township, Montgomery County.
Somerset County Home, Somerset Township.
State Asylum for the Chronic Insane of Pennsylvania, Lower Heidelberg
Township, Berks County.
tState College Borough.
State Hospital for the Insane, Mahoning Township, Montour County.
State Hospital for the Insane, Conewango Township, Warren County.
State Hospital for the Insane of the Southeastern District, Norristown, Mont-
gomery County.
State Police Barracks, Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County.
Valley Camp Association, Lower Burrell Township, Westmoreland County.
Washington.
Wayne Sewerage Company, Radnor Township, Delaware County.
West Chester.
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Kilbuck Township, Allegheny
County.
Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Middletown Township, Dela<
ware County.
'Washington plant treats also East Washington sewage.
fPennsjlvania State College plant to treat also State College borough sewage temporarily.
In seventy-seven cases plans for sewage treatment works have been
submitted to and approved, either finally or tentatively, by the State
Department of Health, but no construction work has been done up
to the present time. The recipients of permits and decrees which
deal with these plans are as follows:
39. Mt. Carmel.
40. Nazareth (permanent works).
il. New Brighton.
42. New Castle.
43. New Kensinetou.
44. New Oxfora Drainage Company,
New Oxford.
45. Newport.
46. Norristown (preliminary treatment).
47. North East.
48. Pennsylvania Training School for
Feeble Minded Children, Mid-
dletown Township, Delaware
County.
49. Philndelphia (night soil disposal
plant).
50. Philadelphia Institution for Feeble
Minded and Byberry Farms
Tuberculosis Sanatorium .
51 . Portage .
5*2. Pottstown.
53. Quakertown.
54. Renovo.
n."). Ridley Park.
o(). St. Marys.
57. Sewickley.
58. Sharon.
.50. Sharpsrille.
60. Somerset.
61. South Bethlehem, (Northampton
County) .
6*2. South Brownsville (only approval
of adoption of site).
63. *South Canonsburg (now part of
Cnnonsburg).
64. South Fork.
65. Springdale.
66. State Hospital for the Oiminal In-
snne, Canaan Township, Wayne
County .
67. Susquehanna Depot.
68. Swarthmore.
69. Tarentum.
70. Towanda.
1.
Allen town.
2.
Altoona (Eastern District).
3.
Beeohwood Park Amusement Com-
pany (project abandoned), Haver-
ford Township, Delaware County.
4.
Brownsville.
5.
Butler.
6.
*Canonsburg.
7.
Carmichaels.
8.
Chester.
9.
Collier Land Company, Collier
Township, Allegheny County.
10.
tColwyn.
11.
Corrv.
12.
Coudersport.
13.
Danville.
14.
tDarby.
15.
Devon (Citizens) Easttown Town-
ship, (Theater County.
16.
Donora.
17.
Easton.
18.
Edinboro.
19.
Ellwood City.
20.
Erie.
21.
Farrell.
22.
Greenville.
23.
Grove City.
24.
Houtzdale.
25.
Jefferson County O>rami88ioners,
County Home in Pine Creek
Township.
26.
Jenkintown .
27.
Johnsonburg.
28.
Tjansdale.
29.
fLansdowne.
30.
Lehighton.
.?1.
Tvpwisville.
32,
ATftrous Hook (pumping plant).
33.
Mars.
34.
Mason town.
.%5.
Meadville.
36.
Meyersdale.
37.
Milton.
38.
Monessen .
•
57—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
74.
West Pittsburgh Realty Company,
Taylor Township, I^wrence
Omiity .
75.
West View.
76.
fYeadon.
77.
York.
808 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
71. Union City.
72. Upper Darby Township, Delaware
County, (tentative approval of
site) .
73. Vesta Coal Company, East Bethle-
hem Township, Washington
County.
•Joint Schome. fTentative Joint scheme for four places.
The reason that most of the above places have as yet undertaken
no construction work is that they have unexpired permits for the
temporary discharge of crude sewage into State waters, as listed in
later tables. A number of others o'f tlie above places are small com-
munities which have as yet no sewers but have prepared sewage dis-
posal plans in advance. A few are delinquent and are illegally dis-
charging sewage, among them the New Oxford Drainage Company,
which has constructed crude sewage treatment works not in accord-
ance with modifications recommended by the State Department of
Health to be made in the plans originally submitted by the Company
for approval. The existing sewage disposal plant at Devon is a crude
works w^hich this Department has never approved. At the State
Hospital for the Criminal Insane at Farview a crude temporary treat-
ment plant has been installed pending final arrangements for the
construction of the complete works, tentatively approved as indicated
in the foregoing list.
There are three municipalities of the above list which have held
popular elections to authorize the increase of municipal indebted-
ness to defray the cost of sewerage and -sewage treatment works
where the proposition was voted down, namely, AUentown, Easton,
and Upper Darby Township.
There are ten places which have not accepted the terms of permits
issued to them, namely:
Bloomsbiir^. Jeaunette.
Clinton ville. Port Alle)?any.
Knst Brady. Rankin.
Knst Manch Chunk. Wnll.
Edgeworth. West Middlesex.
There are fifty-seven places for which decrees have been issued re-
quiring the discontinuance of the discharge of sewage into State
waters, or withholding permission to increase this discharge. The
recipients of these decrees are as follows:
1.
Aldnn.
11.
Coaldale.
0
Ashley.
12.
Cnlle^'e Hill.
.3
iJenver Falls.
13.
East Knd Sewer Company.
4
Tellofonte.
14.
En St Stroudsburg.
.1.
r.cn Avon Heights Sewer Company.
15.
Elizabethville.
6.
r.ij; Knn.
Ifi.
Emporium .
7.
Kiitlcr IliRhfields Land and Im-
17.
Evansburg.
provement Company .
18.
<?ilberton.
8.
Canton.
li).
Green Tree.
0.
Clnysville.
20.
Hallstead.
10.
Clifton Heights.
21.
Hanover Sewer Company.
Digitized by VjOOQlC
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 899
22. Hanover Township* Luserne 40. Rochester.
County. 41. St. Clair, Schuylkill County.
23. Harrison Township, Allegheny 42. Schuylkill Haven.
County. 43. Shalor Township, Allegheny
24 . Hughesville . County .
25. Josephine Furnace and Coke Com- 44. Slippery Rock.
pany. 45. South Renovo.
26. Knoxville. 46. Trevorton Sewerage Company.
27. Koppel r^nd Company. 47. Tyrone.
28. Ix)ck Haven. 48. Upland.
29. McKeesport. 49. Versailles.
30. Mansfield. 50. Weatherly.
31. Markle and Frank, (Uniontown). 51. West Rrownsville.
32. Mill Hall. 62. We.st Newton.
33. Millville. 53. West Reynoldsville.
35" ParnaLus ^- ^hite Haven.
36.' Patterson Heights. 55. Whiteside. Robert A.. (College
37. Petersburg. ^^ „,mi ^t^
38. Port Royal. 5^- Wilkes-Barre.
39. Pottsville. 57. Zolienople.
For seventeen places, permits have been issued for the discharge
of sewage into State waters temporarily, but without a date being
set for the expiration of this permission. The sewage may have to
be treated at any time. The recipients of these permits are as fol-
lows:
1. Aspinwall-Delafield Company. 9. T^ower Merion Township.
2. Cunonsburg. 10. McClure. II. M., (Selinsgrove).
3. Dayton. 11. Minersville.
4. Dunmore. 12. Narberth.
6. Dysart. A. P., (Scott Township, 13. Nazareth.
Allegheny County. ^4^ l^^ew Brighton.
Company '""^^ Improvement ^^ ^^^^^ Braddock.
7. Etna. 1^- South Canonsburg.
8. Fairchance. 17. Wellsboro.
Ikte Agpinwall-Delaiield Company discharges sewage into the
Aspinwall borough sewer system and it is stipulated that whenever
sewage treatment is required of the borough the same requirement
will be made of the company. Canonsburg and South Canonsburg
(now one municipality) have had a joint sewage treatment scheme ap-
proved by the Department which is to be installed as soon as practi-
cable. Dayton received a permit for the discharge of kitchen waste
from five houses only into a storm sewer, the discharge to be discon-
tinued whenever ordered. Dunmore discharges sewage into the
sewers of Scranton and will be required to take up the question of
sewage treatment when the latter place is so required. The sewer
gystem installed by A. P. Dysart has been taken over by Scott Town-
ship and is subject to the requirements made upon this township.
The East Wilkinsburg Improvement Company discharges sewage
into the sewers of North Braddock which under the terms of a mutual
agreement, is responsible for the treatment of the sewage when this
becomes necessary. The sewers of Lower Merion Township and,
through them, the sewers of Narberth discharge into the sewerage
system of Philadelphia, under a mutual agreement relative to utimate
sewage disposal. The permit to Nazareth is for the discharge of
Digitized by
Google
900
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
partially purified sewage and requires the complete purification of
sewage whenever this becomes necessary. Etna, Fairchance, H. M.
McClure (who maintains a sewer system for Selinsgrove), Minersville,
New Brighton, and North Braddock will be required to take up the
question of sewage treatment when it is practicable for the matter
to be taken up in a general way in all places in their respective sec-
tions. The sewage from many of these places goes into streams
grossly polluted with acid mine drainage, so that there is not need
at the present time for more than the preparation of comprehensive
plans for the collection of sewage and its conveyance to a suitable
site for a future sewage treatment plant. A few of the places have
prepared tentative sewage treatment plans as shown elsewhere.
Wellsboro is not at present able to assume the financial obligations
necessary for sewage treatment works; only a few much needed
specific extensions have been approved and a permit for further ex-
tensions has been withheld.
In the following table are given the name of recipients and dates
of expiration of permits issued for the temporary discharge of un-
treated sewage into the waters of the State:
Name.
Year of Bxplration.
1914
1915
10.
11.
12.
18.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
23.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
80.
31.
32.
31.
34.
ri.
36.
37.
SS.
89.
40.
41
43.
43.
44.
Athens,
Avalon
Bedford,
Blalrsville,
Bradford
Cambridge Springs
Carbondiile
Cliarlproi
Collier l^nd Company,
Collingdale
Colwyn,
Corry
Coudersport,
Danville,
Darby
Donora,
Dorranoeton
Duquesue,
Du ry ea ,
ICast I.ansdowno,
East McKeesport
Edlnboro
Erie
Erie Improvement Company
Everaon,
Forty Fort,
Glenoldon
Greenylle,
Hamilton, John, (State College),
Ilarrisburg ,
HomoHtead,
Hon wdale
.Tohnsonburg,
Kane
Ijinsdowne,
T^wlsville,
I>y kens
Meadvllle,
Mfyersdale
Middletown Drainage Company, ...
Mfllbourne
Mt. Lebanwi Township,
Mt. Union
New. Castle
«
I *
I •
• I
I •
*
I •
> *
♦
• ' I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
901
46.
46.
47.
4S.
49.
GO.
SL
62.
63.
64.
66.
66.
57.
68.
69.
60.
ei.
«2.
6S.
64.
66.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
73.
7S.
74.
Name.
North Gliarleroi
North East,
Northumberland
Norwood,
Old Forge.
Parkesburg,
ParaoDS,
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company (Marianna)
Portage
Prospect Park,
BenoTo,
Bidlej Park
Sharon
Sharon Hill,
Shenandoah
Somerset,
South Fork
Springdale,
Suburban Drainage Company (near Harrlsburg),
Summerbill
Throop,
Towanda
Union City
Uniontown,
Year of Expiration.
1914
1915
1916
Upper Darby Township,
Wai ' ~
^arrlor Bun,
West Pittsburgh Bealty Company,
Wyoming,
Yeadon,
1917
In 125 instances permits to discharge sewage into the waters of
the State ceased on or before the Slst day of December, 1913. There
are various reasons why the sewage from some of these places should
be permitted to discharge into the natural water courses for a while
longer. A number have applications pending for extensions of time,
and several have submitted for approval sewage treatment plans,
which have been held tentatively under consideration. In some in-
stances the borrowing capacity of municipalities has not been suffi-
cient to enable them to undertake the installation of sewage treat-
ment works. This condition should prove less of an obstacle as a
result of the constitutional amendment approved in 1913, the pur-
port of which is to exclude municipal obligations for certain profit-
earning improvements from consideration within the meaning of the
constitutional limitation of municipal indebtedness, and, further-
more, to increase this limit from seven per centum to ten per centum
of the value of taxable property within the municipality. The names
of recipients of these permits are given in the following list:
1. Aliquippa.
2. AmericaD Steel & Wire Company.
3. Arnold.
4. Avoca.
5. Baden.
8. Barnesboro.
7. Bath.
8. Beaver.
9. Bellevemon.
10. Bellevne.
11. Ben Avon.
12. Blakely.
13. Brackenridge.
14. Brownsville.
15. Butler.
18. Cfllifornia.
17. Carrlck.
18. Chnrtiers Township.
W. Chester.
20. Cheswick.
21. Clairton.
22. Clearfield.
Digitized by
Google
902
EIGHTH ANNUAL UEPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
23. Coaldale.
24. Columbia.
25. Connellsville.
26. Coraopolis.
27. Crafton.
28. Cresson.
29. Dickson City.
30. Drocton Land Company.
31. DiiBois.
32. Eagles Mere.
33. Eddy stone.
34. Edwardsville.
35. Elk wood Sewerage Company.
36. Emlenton.
37 . Emsworth .
38. Exeter.
39. Fair Oaks Land Company.
40. Ford City.
41. Forest City.
42. Franklin.
43. Freeport.
44. Oaysport.
45. Glassport.
46. Grove City.
47. Hastings.
48. Hazleton.
49. Hollidaysburg.
50. Huntingdon.
51. Jersey Shore.
52. Jones & Laughlin Steel Company.
53. Kingston.
54. Kittanning.
55. T^ancaster.
56. Lansford.
57. Lewisburg.
58. Lewistown.
59. McAdoo.
60. Manorville.
61. Marcus Hook.
62. May field Yards.
63 . Mercer .
64. Mill vale.
65. Milton.
66. Minors Mills.
67. Monaca.
68. MonPs.sen.
69. ^fonteomery.
70. Mt. Cnrmel.
71. Mt. Oliver.
72. Mt Plea.sant.
73. Nantiooke.
74. New (^imberlnnd.
75. Now Kensington.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Ho.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
ia3.
124.
125.
Newport .
Oakmont.
Oil City.
Olyphant.
Osborne .
Pitcairn .
Pittsburgh.
Plymouth.
Punxsutawney.
Reynoldsville .
Ridgway.
St. Clair, Allegheny County.
St. Marys.
Saltsburg.
Sayre .
Scalp Level.
Scottdnle.
Scott Township, Allegheny County.
Sewickle.v .
Sharpsville.
Shingle House.
Siverly .
Smethport .
South Bethlehem , Armstrong
County .
South Bethlehem, Northampton
County .
South Brownsville.
Stoyeatown .
Stroudsburg .
Summit Hill.
Susquehanna Depot.
Susquehanna Sewer Company.
Swarthmore.
Tarentum.
Taylor.
Third Ward Sewer Company.
Titusville.
Verona .
Warren.
Watson town.
West Chester.
West End.
West Hazleton.
West liiberty Improvement Coni-
pany.
West View.
Wiokboro .
Wilkinsburg.
Williamsport.
Winton.
Youngsville. .
Youngwood .
11. DESIGN AND CONRTRrCTION SECTION.
The En^ineerinjif Division during the year has performed certain
work at the Pennsylvania State Sanatoria for Tuberculosis, Num-
bers 1, 2 and 3, located, respectively, near Mont Alto, Franklin
County; Cresson, Cambria County; and Hamburg, Berks County;
also some special miscellaneous work for other State institutions as
detailed in the following; report.
The desiji^n and construction section, formed within the Engineer-
ing Division in 1907, has cared for the design and construction of
Digitized by
Google
Xo. U. COMMISSIOXEU OB; HKALTH WKJ
such engineering work at the State Banatoiia under the general di-
rection of the Chief Engineer of the Department and the immediate
supervision of the principal assistant engineer in charge of such
work. This section has also had charge of the special engineering
design and construction work which it has been found necessary for
the Department to undertake under special conditions and in view of
certain specific Acts of Assembly. The draughting work of the
Department has also been done under tlie direct supervision of the
principal assistant engineer in charge of this section.
WORK DONE FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE SANITORIUM FOR
TUBERCULOSIS, NO. 1, MONT ALTO.
Waterworks System.
The 300,000 gallon steel tank on Rock Mountain Point back of
the hospital building, forming a part of the fire protection system
of the institution, was started in 1912. The report of this Depart-
ment for that year gave a full description of the tank together with
a statement of the award of the contract to Connery & Company, Ltd.,
of Philadelphia, and an account of the progress made on the work
to the close of the year. .
The contractor kept a force of men working on the tank all winter
in spite of the severity of the weather and the hardships due to build-
ing a tank in a location exposed on all sides to the mountain winds.
A letter from the contractor dated October 12, 1912, asking for an
extension of time on the contract because of delays due to unfavor-
able labor conditions and unavoidable delay in securing material oc-
casioned by the unusual rush of work at ihe steel mills was quoted
in the 1912 report. After carefully considering the cause of these
delays and in view of the sj)irit of cooperation manifested by the
contractor in working during the winter the Commissioner of Health
decided that an extension of time for completing the work would
be fair and equitable. The extension of thirty working days re-
quested by the contractor was accordingly granted and in addition
he was not penalized for the eighteen working days consumed in ex-
cess of the extended time, as the Department had not been put to
any expense for supervision or suffered any loss during this period
because of the non-completion of the tank. The tank was completed
on April 12th, filled with water from the force line, tested and found
Digitized by
Google
904 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
to be water-tight. The entire cost of the work was the same as the
contract price, namely: |4,355.00, the final estimate on the work
being as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
ENGINEERING DIVISION.
CONTRACT NO. 18. FINAL ESTIMATE FOR WORK COMPLETED ON
STEEL TANK AT PENNSYLVANIA STATE SANATORIUM NO. 1, MONT
ALTO, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, UP TO MAY 28, 1913.
ACCOUNT OF CONTRACT WITH CONNERY & COMPANY, LTD.
DATED AUGUST 5. 1912.
Steel tank 50 ft. in diameter, 20 ft. high, @ $4,355.00, $4,355 00
Less 20% reserved, 871 00
$3,484 00
Less previous payments, 3,135 60
Amount due on this estimate, $348 40
C. A. Emerson, Jr.,
Assistant Engineer in Charge.
Approved, F. Herbert Snow, Chief Engineer.
This estimate was paid and on receipt of releases of liens from the
general contractor covering material purchased and payments to sub-
contractors a final payment of f 871.00 was made which represented
the twenty per cent, reserve on the contract.
The extension of the force main from the line leading from the
Mont Alto Park pumping station to the institution for the purpose
of furnishing water to the tank which was commenced during the
fall of 1912 was completed early in the spring. This line is six inches
in diameter and 1,300 feet in length. It is composed of cast iron
pipe of the bell and spigot pattern with the exception of the last 200
feet which is of flange pipe. The line was laid by day labor, the
material being purchased through the regular purchasing division of
the Department. A six inch gate valve is placed on the line at a
point near its junction with the main force line and the valve is pro-
vided with a post indicator. This valve normally remains closed
but will be opened in case of fire so as to admit the water from the
steel tank into the institution distributing system as originally
planned.
The contract for the construction of the pumping station on the
West Branch of Little Antietam Creek with a force line up the moun-
tain to the institution, which was completed in 1910, included the
construction of a filter plant of the rapid sand gravity type to purify
the waters of the creek before they were allowed to enter the dis-
tributing system. The filter plant which consisted of two reinforced
concrete filter units each having a capacity of 150,000 gallons each
twenty-four hours, was fully described in the 1910 report of the De-
partment. It was also pointed out that money was not available for
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
90.3
the construction of the entire contract as advertised. The contract
was therefore modified to omit the filter plant although the pipe lines
and pumping station were constructed and connections left in the
line so that the filters could be built later when money should be
available. An appropriation for these filters was requested of the
Liegislature of 1913 and the work was advertised in the usual manner
during May. The bids were opened and publicly read on May 29th.
Only two proposals for this work were received as given in the fol-
lowing table:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
\ll
(7)
(8)
6" c. 1. pipe, in trencb, 4' to 5' deep, lin. ft
Trench over d' and Including T deep, lin. ft,
Trench over 5' and including 9' deep, Un. ft.,
6" gate valvefl and boxes,
6" check Talye and box,
Concrete filter equipment,
Filter house super-structure
Rock excavation, cu. yds.,
I ■
New York Con-
tinental
Jewell
Plhl & Miller.
Flit.
Co.
Quan-
Unit
Unit
tity.
Price.
Amt.
Price.
Amt.
600
10.96
$570.00
11.10
$660.00
100
.60
«0.00
i.2r,
125.00
60
1.00
50.00
1.50
75.00
4
17.00
es.oo
25.00
100.00
1
40.00
80.00
1
2.53:^.00
♦,900.00
1
2.440.00
1,200.00
:a>
3.66
76.00
3.26
81.26
?683i.00
1
1
$7171.25
It will be noted that the bid of Pihl & Miller of Pittsburgh was the
lowest. This bid exceeded the amount available from the Legislature
for this work so that the contract for the construction of the filters
was again indefinitely postponed.
Weekly reports of the operation of the two waterworks pumping
stations of the institution are sent to the Harrisburg office of the
Department and the operation has remained under the general over-
sight of the Design and Construction Section of the Engineering Di-
vision as in previous years. The following table gives a summary
. of the daily average pumpage in gallons for both stations throughout
the year.
DaUy* Average Pumpage by Months.
January,
February,
March, ..
April, ...
May
June
129,970 gallons.
134,530 gallons.
121,930 gallons.
127,420 gallons.
133,160 gallons.
131,440 gallons.
July
August, ...
Soptember,
October, ..
Novemb<»r,
December,
154,440 gallons.
155,870 gallons.
193.210 gallons.
191,480 gallons.
104,000 gallons.
134,650 gallons.
Total pumped during year 53,914,900 gallons.
Daily average pumped during yenr 147,710 s:allons.
Average per capita daily consumption (1,265 population) 117 gallons.
Note.— The high daily averagre pumpage for the months of September and October is due to
the fact that during these months both the steel storage tank and the concrete storage reservoir
were drained and cleaned. This required the waste of 600,000 gallons of water; subtracting this
amount the average daily pumpage for the year would equal 146,070 gallons.
Digitized by
Google
006 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Miscellaneous Construction .
The acetylene gas generators which supply the institution with gas
for lighting are three in number. One located back of the hospital
building furnishes gas for the hospital and staff building; the second
generator located west of the dining building supplies all of the main
buildings of the institution; the third generator located near the
barns supplies gas to the Twin Cottage, the Rothrock Cottage and
tlie administration building. The drains from the first two of these
generators were connected to the sewer system of the institution
while the drain from the third generator passed to an outlet in the
woods on the surface of ground in the rear of the stables. It is
necessary to recharge the generators about once a week and when
the generators were refilled the spent carbide which consisted mostly
of calcium oxide was discharged into the sewers. This chemical had
apparently an inhibiting effect on the bacterial action in the settling
tanks of the sewage disposal plant. As it was considerable in quan-
tity, often amounting to 1,500 pounds a week, it was deemed ad-
visable to disconnect the drain of each of these acetylene gen-
erators from the sanitary sewerage system and to extend them to an
outlet on the surface of the ground. This was accordingly done and
the drain from the hospital generator was extended a distance of ap-
proximately 325 feet into the woods in front of the building and
the drain from the dining building generator was extended approxi-
mately the same distance across the public highway and into the
woods north of the road. These extensions were of terra cotta pipe
six inches in diameter. A small concrete settling chamber five feet
by three feet in size and four feet six inches in depth having baffled
inlet and outlet connections was constructed near the end of each
line. These settling basins allow the heavier particles of spent car-
bide to settle from the water so that the overflow to the ground
is practically free from sediment. This work was constructed by
day labor at a nominal cost, the material required being obtained
from the purchasing department.
In order that there might be adequate records of the institution,
as finally completed it was decided that record plans should be
made. Plans of the water and sewer systems were prepared on the
completion of each contract and during the year record plans were
made of the location of the main steam conduit lines, of the location
of tlie various buildings, and of the roadways on the institution
grounds. These plans are of such a size that all necessary details
can be shown and as the size of the drawings is uniform they can
be bound into a complete record folio. It was deemed advisable to
wei<?h the coal used daily by each fireman at the institution so as
to keep an accurate record of the actual consumption and to obtain
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CX)MMIS SIGNER OP HEALTH. 907
a basis for comparison of the work of each fireman. A blank form
for this /Work was accordingly prepared and the neces.<ary scales
ordered.
Operation of Sewage Treatment Plant.
The general oversight of the operation of the sewage treatment
plant has remained under the charge of the section for Design and
Construction of the Engineering Division as in previous years. The
plant has been in continuous daily operation, samples for bacterio-
logical examination have been sent to the laboratory of the Depart-
ment each week and tests of the stability of the effluent from the
various units have been made at the plant on an average of twice
each week. The results of these tests show that the operation of
the plant has been satisfactory during the year and that the effluent
discharged wns non-putrescible and contained only a small number
of bacteria, of which none were of the colon type.
The following table gives by months the average, quantity of
sewage treated in gallons each twenty-four hours.
January, 134,500 July, *. 111,000
February, 119,400 Au^st, 100,800
Maroh, 160,200 September, 118,000
April 156,500 October, 135,100
May 138,500 November 127,200
June 115.000 nocember 137,900
The daily average for the entire year was 129,000 gallons for
twenty-four hours. The observations at the sewage treatment plant
were made only between the hours of 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. and the
rate is given in gallons for twenty-four hours. In order to arrive
at an approximation of the total quantity of sewage treated during
the twenty-four hours, it is assumed that the quantity of sewage for
the eight hours between 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. is equal to the flow for
the remaining sixteen hours of the day, therefore the estimated quan-
tity of sewage for twenty-four hours is equal to two-thirds of the
rate of flow in gallons for twenty-four hours as recorded during the
eight hours day-time period. There is a certain amount of ground
water leakage in the main sewer between the ice-pond and the sewage
treatment plant, and observations taken on this line indicate that
during ordinary weather which is neither dry nor extremely wet,
the leakage into this line amounts to about 18,000 gallons in twenty-
four hours. This leakage has also been considered in estimating the
true flow of sewage. An average of thirty pounds of hypochlorite
of lime daily was used for the disinfection of the effluent.
Operation of Garbage Incinerator.
The garbage incinerating plant has been operated in conjunction
with the sewage treatment plant throughout the year as formerly.
This incinerating plant cares for the garbage and sputum boxes from
Digitized by
Google
908
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
the entire institution with the exception of a small amount of garbage
from the staff building which is fed to chickens and to pigs. The
following table gives a summary of the operation of the incinerating
plant during the year:
Mouth.
3
.-
5
m
•O
z
■o
1
u
9 9
H
&s
H
1!
II
If
Ou
u
e =
a--
IF
January | 2,525 1
February, ; 2,680
March 2,773,
April I 2.791 I
May i 2,683 I
June 1 2,776 >
July, 2.660
August. I 2,671'
Sfeptember, , 2,668
October I 2,768
N'oyember 2,633
December, ' 2,986
Total pounds, annually , 986,664'
Annual daily average. 2,708
400
S96l
7.4
401,
378 i
8.1
887,
888.
8.1
409
899
8.0
891
401 ,
7.6
362
888'
869
406 <
7.5
8681
416
7.1
373
428
7.2
387
424
7.4
339,
408
7.4
873
448
7.5
138,674 '
147,461
WORK DONE FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE SANATORIUM FOR
TUBPmCUIiOSIS, NO. 2, CRESSON.
Sewer System and Sewage Treatment Plant.
The annual report of the Department for 1912 gave a detailed de-
scription of this sewer system and sewage treatment plant together
with an account of the advertisement and award of the contract to
Julian M. Solomon, Jr., and an account of the construction completed
during the year. It also recounted the fact that the contractor, due
to lack of funds was unable to complete the work and that on De-
cember 5, 1912, the work was taken from the contractor's hands by
the Commissioner of Health and continued by the forces of the De-
partment in accordance with Article 7 of the contract.
After the work was taken over by the Commissioner of Health all
materials were ordered through the regular purchasing office of the
Department. The contractor's force of men were retained and other
men employed. The plant was finished to such an extent that it
could be operated early in January, and in 'fact was operated, but
it was not finally completed until February 14th.
Ko extra work was performed after taking over the contract.
There were, however, certain expenses caused the contractor and for
which it was believed he was entitled to extra payment, as follows:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HBAT/TH. 909
The contractor housed part of his men in wooden shanties and
part of them in four conical tents. These tents are stated to cost
f 16.00 apiece. When cold weather began the men were all moved
into the wooden houses and the tents abandoned as living quarters.
The contractor sold two of these tents second-hand in Philadelphia
for 17.50 apiece. The other two were retained at Cresson to cover
concrete and protect it from frost while hardening. Owing to the
carelessness of one of the Department's laborers on the work these
two tents caught fire while being used to protect the concrete. Sala-
manders were placed between the fresh concrete and the canvass
cover. The laborer attending the salamanders did not watch the fire
closely and the tents were burned. It was decided that the con-
tractor was entitled to payment for these two tents at the price for
which he sold the other tents, or flS.OO.
When the Department took over the work all of the laborers were
provided with brass number checks to assist in designating them
on the payroll and identifying them when paid. In case a laborer
lost his brass check, fifty cents was to be deducted from his pay.
This is customary on contract work throughout the country and
when the Department took over the work it was the understanding
that this usual custom of paying and identifying the laborers would
be carried out. A certain number of the checks, fifty-one in all,
were not collected from the men. This was due to the fact that the
resident engineer neglected to collect the checks when paying off the
men. It was decided that the contractor was entitled to payment
for these checks according to the usual practice in such matters.
Unpaid Bills of Contractor.
At the time the Department took over the work the contractor had
a large number of unpaid bills, including bills for materials used on
the work and rental of machinery and apparatus. These bills accord-
ing to statement made by the contractor and original bills filed in
this office by creditors amounted to f3,160.30.
Money Paid Out by Department.
The monthly estimates on the work when it was under the con-
tractor's charge, amounted to f9,765.99. After the work was taken
from Mr. Solomon's hands all laborers and bills for material were
paid by this Department. These payments were as follows:
T.abor $4,002 23
Freight and materials, 285 22
Engineering expenses, 180 00
Total, $4,567 45
To this amount should be added the sums paid the contractor on
monthly estimates, making the total amount paid on this contract
114,333.44.
Digitized by
Google
1
910 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The total value of the work based on the contractor's bid and al-
lowance for extras was tl5,366.48. According to the terms of the
contract the Department was liable for this amount and any balance
between the value of the work and the cost of same was to be turned
over to the contractor. The total value of the work is given in the
following table:
( 1) 2,977.5 cu. yds, trcnrh excavation and refill (5) $0.50 per en. yd., $1,488 75
( 2) 1.261.5 cu. j'ds. general excavation and refill (a ^.50 per cu. yd., 630 7.5
( 3) 4vi6 .2 cu . yds . rock excavation (a- $2.50 per cu . yd . , 1,090 50
( 4) Top soil and seeding (omitted).
' 5) 353.5 cu. yds. Class "A'* concrete Oi' $10.50 per cu. yd., 3,711 75
6) 53 cu. yds. Class **B" concrete (a^ $7.00 i>er cu. yd 371 00
7) 15,869 lbs. steel reinforcing r« ^.(Xi per lb. , 476 07
( 8) 5,656 sq . ft. expanded metal ro) .i50.06 per sq . ft. 339 36
(9) 702 cu. yds. filter stone C"^ $1.00 per cu. yd., 702 00
(10) 26 cu. yds. stone for sludjje bed (S^ $1.00 per cu. yd., 26 00
(11) 53 cu . yds . broken stone refill (a $1 . 10 per cu . yd . , 58 30
(12) 77 cu. yds. rubble stone masonry (a; $2.50 192 50
(13) 2 sewage siphons (a $100.00 each, 200 00
(14) Broken stone walks (omitted).
(15) 1 sewage screen and appurtenances, 60 00
(16) 1.0(4 lbs. galvanized sheet metal, etc., (3> 10 cents 100 40
(17) 20 ft. 4" t. c. pipe specials Or 20 cents 4 00
(18) 1,913 ft. of 6" t. c. pipe (a 20 cents 382 60
(19) 5. .140 ft. of 8 " t. c. pipe rd^ 30 cents 1,662 00
(20) 2,332 ft. of 6' ' split tile Cd' 15 cents 349 80
(21) Disinfection house complete, 1,200 00
(22) Sludge pump ("omplete 50 00
(2.S) (^heraical mixing tanks and orifice box 1.50 fM)
(24) 2. SO tons cast iron pipe (d $45.00 128 70
(-25) 5.0 tons flanged pipe and specials («) $65 .00 325 00
(26) 10 manhole frames and covers Type A (a $25.00 250 00
(27) 21 manhole frames and covers Type B Co" $15. CO, 315 00
(28) 12 sprinkling nozzles (d) .$5.00 each 60 00
(29) 430 ft. of 2" gal . w. i . pipe (a! 35 cents, 150 50
(.SO) 4 hvdrants f«^ $25.00 each 100 00
(31) 4--r stop cock valves (d $2.00 each 8 00
(32) .^-2" gate valves Tfl S;;'). 00 each : 15 00
(.3,3) 11—3" gate valves Cd .^6. 00 each 66 00
(34) 4-4" gate valves (d $S.(>0 each 32 00
m) 9^-6" gate valves (d' >«20.00 each, 180 00
(.36) 3 -S" gate valves (d ^'25. (0 each, 75 00
(37) .^-B" shear gates (d $1.).()0 each 45 00
(38) 3-6" sluice gates (d $25.00 each, 75 00
(.^0) 3 S" sluice gates (?? ?C^0.(K) each 90 00
(40) Wooden troughs for sludge bod , 75 00
(41) Wooden baffles ImhofF tanks and settling baKins, 50 00
Changes in wooden baffles— extra work , 40 00
$15,325 98
Add for 2 tents destroyed, 15 00
51 laborers' brass checks lost at 50 cents each 25 50
$15,366 4vS
The difference between this amount and the actual cost of tlie
work, or $1,038.04 was therefore available for settlement of the claimR
of the thirty creditors of the contractor.
The Department requires the contractor to furnish release of liens
from all material men and sub-contractors. Inasmuch as the con-
tractor claimed to be absolutely without financial resources, the only
way that he could furnish these releases of liens would be for the
contractors creditors to agree to accept their pro rata share of the
money still due the contractor on this contract in lieu of all further
claims against the State.
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 911
After considerable correspondence and one formal meeting all of
the creditors agreed to accept the pro rata settlement with one ex-
ception. On advice from the Attorney General's Department the
claim of this creditor was not recognized by the Department as it
was not entirely for material or labor furnished for the work. Checks
for amounts representing the various pro rata payments to each
creditor were drawn, endorsed by Mr. Solomon, and turned over to
the creditors on receipt of release of liens from each.
The plant has been operated during the entire year. The weekly
bacteriological examinations of the quality of the effluent and the
semi-weekly tests of its stability were satisfactory, both as regards
bacterial content and stability. The average flow of sewage reach-
ing the plant is given in the following table:
Gallons in 24 Hours.
AprU, 27,400 September, 38,700
May 40.200 October, 43,000
June, 43,000 November, 64,400
July 43,600 December. 64,100
August, 36,400
The daily average for the entire year was about 45,700 gallons for
twenty-four hours. The observations at the sewage treatment plant
were made only between the hours of 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. and the
rate on the reports submitted to the Harrisburg office is given in
gallons for twenty-four hours. In order to arrive at an approxima-
tion of the total quantity of sewage during twenty-four hours, it is
assumed that the quantity of sewage reaching the ])lant during the
eight hours between 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. is equal to the flow for the
remaining sixteen hours of the day, therefore the estimated quantity
of sewage for twenty-four hours is equal to two-thirds of the rate
of flow in gallons for twenty-four hours as recorded during the eight-
hour day time period. From the reports it appears that the flow of
sewage increased about fifty per cent, between June lat and December
31st. An average of thirteen pounds of hypochlorite of lime in so-
lution was used daily to disinfect the sewage at the treatment plant.
Waterworks System.
The main water supply system for the Cresson Sanatorium was
described in detail in the annual report of this Department for 1912
together with a statement of the details of the advertisement and
award of the contract to the Stitzer Engineering & Contracting Com-
pany of Philadelphia and a description of the amount of work com-
pleted during the year 1912.
It appeared that up to January 1, 1913, the contractors had com-
pleted the work to such a point that the distributing mains around
the principal buildings could be used for supplying water to the
58
Digitized by VjOOQlC
912 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
institution by a connection made to the temporary pumping station
erected by the Department for use during the construction of the
institution.
The contractors continued working on this system during the en-
tire winter although they were greatly inconvenienced and put to
considerable additional expense on account of the severity of the
winter. The work was completed on June 16th and the final in-
spection made on June 18th, at which time it was found that the
entire work was constructed in accordance with the terms of the
contract and specifications.
The contract called for the completion of the work in 115 working
days. The following table gives a statement of the working days
elapsing during the construction period beginning September 13, 1912,
and ending June 16, 1913 :
September, 11 days. April, 19 days.
October, 20 days. May 16 days .
November 15^ days. June, lOJ days .
December, 12 days.
January, 9^ days.
February , 3 days.
March, 9J days. Total 126 days.
On May 10th the contractors addressed the following letter to the
Commissioner of Health, asking for an extension of time on their con-
tract
"Dr. Samuel G. Dixon. "May 10, 1913.
» "Commissioner of Health,
"Department of Health,
"Harrisburg, Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"We are now supplying water to the State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis within
contract time, and have practically completed our entire contract with the Depart-
ment of Health, with the exception of the storage reservoir.
"We consider that we would have the entire contract completed at this time if it
were not for the fact that the extremely wet weather this spring has made it practi-
cally impossible for us to excavate for the storage reservoir, until very recently.
"We would therefore respectfully request that you allow us an extension of time
on our contract.
"Yours very truly,
"Stitzer Engineering & Contracting Co.,
"Jas. H. Stitzer, Jr.,
"President."
After careful consideration an extension was given the contractors
and reply sent them as follows:
"Stitzer Engineering & Contracting Co., "May 14, 1913.
"12th & Chestnut Streets,
"Philadelphia, Pa.
"Gentlemen:—
"Replying to your favor of May 10th, beg to say that I have taken up the matter
of an extension of time on your waterworks contract at Cresson with the Commis-
sioner of Health. He has granted you an extension of twenty working days, which»
in his opinion, should be amply sufficient to allow for the wet weather this spring
and which should permit you to finish the work on time.
"Very truly yours.
"C. A. Emerson, Jr.,
"Assistant Eingineer.**
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 9in
This extension of twenty working days allowed the contractors a
total of 130 working days for the completion of the contract. They
consumed 126 working days so that the work was finished on con-
tract time.
Extra Work.
Only one extra work order was issued during the course of the con-
tract. The original plans contemplated the installation of the elec-
tric transformers on a pole at the side of the pumping station so as
to be suitable for connection to the overhead electric power line from
the institution power plant. After the waterworks contract was
awarded it was decided that this power line should be buried beneath
the ground. It also seemed advisable to increase the thickness of the
walls of the main pumping station from ten inches to sixteen inches.
The matter was taken up with contractors and the following pro-
posal was received from them.
"Commissioner of Health, "October 14, 1912.
Department of Health,
'*Harrisburg, Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"We respectfully submit the following price for additional work on our contract
at the sanatorium, Cresson, Pa., namely: —
"That we will increase the thickness of the walls of the main pumping station from
10 inches to 16 inches and place a small addition to the pump house, as per sketch
submitted, to be used in placing of the transformers for the total sum of $345.50. It
being understood that the additional concrete foundations for stone walls wiU be
paid for under the extra concrete item. However, if it is your desire that the walls
simply be increased in thickness without the addition of the transformer house, that
we will make the additional thickness of wall for the sum of $8.50 per perch of 22
cubic feet. It being understood that the total outside surface of the wall be taken
for this measurement and no deductions being made for openings, as this is the way
the proposition was figured with your Mr. Emerson.
"We would suggest that, if you make these changes, we be sent a new print of
the pumping station with the changes made thereon and that a few discrepancies on
this print which we took up with your Mr. Emerson be also corrected on the new
print and sent us so that there may be no contention afterwards as to just what is
wanted in the pump house.
"Yours very truly,
"Stitzer Engineering & Contracting Co."
This proposal was approved and the contractors notified, as follows:
"Mr. Jas. H. Stitzer, "October 21, 1912.
"Stitzer Engineering & Contracting Co.,
"Philadelphia, Pa.
"Dear Sir: —
"Your proposal dated October 14, 1912, for increasing the thickness of the walls
of the pumping station and the construction of a small transformer house at the
end of the same in connection with ye"r contract for the waterworks system for
the Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis at Cresson has been approved.
**The proposal as accepted was for the sum of $345.50, same to include the increase
in thickness of the masonry walls at the main pumping station from 10 to 16 inches
and the construction of a small masonry transformer house according to sketch
recendy sent you. Extra concrete in the foundation of the main building to be paid
for at the price bid.
"A new plan drawing of the pumping station including these changes will be pre-
pared and forwarded to you immediately.
"Please acknowledge receipt of this letter."
The work was constructed in accordance with this proposal.
5»— 14— 1915
Digitized by
Google
9U EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF ^rHE Off. Doc.
Claims by Contractor for Extra Payment.
As previously noted the contractor experienced a gi*eat deal of
difficulty in obtaining pipe and valves as well as other materials for
the construction of the work. It was decided by the Commissioner
of Health that the institution must be opened for patients January 1,
1913. This required the completion of the water main from the
valve below the stables to the steel tank behind the institution so
that this main with its service lines in the various buildings could be
connected to the temporary pumping station erected by the Depart-
ment. The bulletin issued with the specifications stated that the
contractor would be expected to have the work in such a state of
completion by December 1st that the main buildings of the institu-
tion could be supplied with water from the water company's main.
The contractor was unable to do this. On the 1st of December
the line from the barns to the steel tank was completed with the ex-
ception of four valves on fire hydrant and building connections.
These valves were four inches in size and their non-arrival prevented
the testing of the line and the backfilling. The contractor was re-
quired to purchase these valves on the open market and they were
placed about the middle of December. An attempt was then made
to test the water lines although the temperature was below freezing
at that time. Ordinarily the test would not have been made during
this cold period but in view of the fact that the institution was to
be opened in a very few days, the contractor was ordered to make
the test. The four-inch valve at the connection to the east ward
building and a length of four inch pipe was frozen. In order to
drain the balance of the line this section of frozen pipe was broken
out together with the valves, ruining both. These were later replaced
by the contractor. The backfill along the entire trench from the
barn to the steel tank was frozen solid. The contractor's force of
men was not sufficient to refill this trench for approximately 4,200
feet in length in the time available. The Commissioner of Health
offered to loan the contractor the laborers employed at the institu-
tion to assist in this work. The cost of this labor was charged to
the contractors on a monthly estimate and amounted to {258.30.
The frozen backfill had to be loosened with dynamite and the greater
portion of it thawed with fires before it could be thrown into the
trench. This work was expensive and brought the cost of this back-
fill far above what it would have been had the material not been
frozen.
The contractor claimed that this bulletin only expressed the de-
sire of the Department and that the only binding limit of time upon
them was the count of working days which had not expired at that
time. He stated that under ordinary circumstances this trench would
not have been backfilled with frozen material but that it was done
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH M5
at the request of the Department in order that the lines might be
finished by the time patients were to be sent to the institution, and
that in view of this he claimed that this charge for labor, amounting
to f258.30, should not be deducted from his estimates.
The fact remained that this entire line was completed and ready
for testing, with the exception of the four valves mentioned above,
for a considerable period of time before the backfilling along the
trenches became frozen. The contractor knew of the Department's
desire to have the water lines completed around the institution build-
ings yet he did not make any serious attempt to buy these small
valves in the open market until forced to do so by the Department.
The contract for the work gave the Commissioner of Health authority
to take over any part of the work he should see fit, provided the
same was not progressing in a satisfactory manner. The Commis-
sioner therefore had the power to take over this portion of the work.
It would therefore appear that he was within his rights in charging
the labor loaned to the contractor against the monthly estimates for
the work.
Test on Pumping Equipment.
The specifications provided that the motors for operating the pumps
should be tested at the factory and certified copies of these tests sub-
mitted for approval. This was done and as the test met the require-
ments of the specifications they were accordingly approved.
The specifications provided that tests should be made on the pumps
after erection. These tests were made on April 29th and 30th and
both pumps were found to meet the requirements of the specifications.
The final estimate on this work was as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
ENGINEERING DIVISION.
CONTRACn" NO. 17. FINAL ESTIMATE FOR WORK COMPLETED AT
WATERWORKS SYSTEM FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE SANA-
TORIUM FOR TUHERCULOSIS. NO 2. NEAR CRESSON, PENNSYL-
VANIA, FROM MAY 15TH TO JUNE 17. 1913.
ACCOUNT OF CONTRACT WITH STITZER ENGINEERING & CONTRAC-
TING CO. DATED SEPTEMBER 13, 1912.
{ 1) 1,334 ft. of 8" c. i. pipe (790 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
intrench 4 ft, to 5 ft. deep @ $1.45 per ft., $1,934 30
( 2) 1,414 ft. of 8" c. i. pipe (740 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to oft. deep (S) $1.40 per ft 1,979 60
(3) 2,462 It. of 8" c. i. pipe (670 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep (2) $1.30 per ft 3,200 60
( 4) 1,790 ft. of 8" c. i. pipe (625 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep (^ $1.22 per ft., 2.183 80
(5) 202 ft. of 6" c. i. pipe (430 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep @ $1.00 per ft 202 00
(6) 3,041 ft. of 6" c. i. pipe (400 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep (a} $0.95 per ft. 2,888 95
(7) 384 ft. of 4" c. i. pipe (300 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep (S $0.90 per ft., 345 60
Digitized by
Google
916 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
( 8) 1,226 ft. of 4" c. i. pipe (280 lbs. wt. per 12 ft. length) laid complete
in trench 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep (^ $0.75 per ft 919 50
( 9) 1,750 ft. of trenching over 5 ft. and including 7 ft. in depth @
$0.20, 350 00
(10) 762 ft. of trenc^iing over 5 ft. and including 12 ft. in depth @ $0.80, 609 60
(U) 259J cu. yds. rock excavation @ $1.75 per cu. yd., 453 09
(12) 3—8" high pressure gate valves and boxes (5} $1^5.00 405 00
(13) 2—8" medium pressure gate valves and boxes (2) $25.00 50 00
3—6" medium pressure gate valves and boxes (a* $17.50, 52 50
5 — 4* high pressure gate valves and boxes (<^ $42.00, 210 00
^16) 14—4" medium pressure gate valves and boxes @ $9.50, 1.^ 00
(17) 1—6" medium pressure check valves with 3" bypass (ob $40.00, 40 00
18) 2—8" high pressure check valves with 3" bypass @ $100.00 200 00
19) 8 Fire hydrants (^ $32.00, 256 00
20) Flanged piping and valves inside pump house, 425 0()
21) 1—150,000 gallon per 24 hours triplex plunger pump, 520 00
,22) 1—720,000 gallon per 24 hours triplex plunger pump 3,354 00
23) 1 Motor for 150,000 gallon triplex pump 452 00
2^ 1 Motor for 720,000 gallon triplex pump, 925 00
|25) 3 Transformers @ $256.00 each, 768 00
|28) I Operating board and appurtenances 285 00
27) 1—50,000 gallon concrete receiving reservoir complete 1,765 00
(28) 1—300,000 gal . concrete receiving reservoir complete, 4,880 00
(29) I Pump house complete 1 ,825 00
(30) 1,520 ft. of 2" w. i. pipe @ $.115, 174 80
(31) 2 Air valves @ $17.00, 34 00
(32) 5 Locked valve boxes @ $9.00 45 00
(33) 1 Disinfection apparatus, 245 OU
34) 5 Post indicators @ $18.00, 90 00
35) 43 cu . yds. extra earth excavation (a) $1 .00 43 00
;36) 21 .75 cu. yds. extra concrete (a^ $20.00 per cu. yd 435 00
Extra work as per schedule previously filed , .%*> 50
$33,025 44
T^ss 20% reserved, $6,605 09
T^ss previous payments, 25,248 19
Less cash labor payroll as per schedule filed 264 30
32,117 58
9907 86
Credit by refund on cash labor payroll , 6 00
Net total, $013 86
June 17, 1913. C. A. Emerson, Jr.,
Assistant Engineer in Charge,
Approved, F. Herbert Snow, Chief Engineer.
It will be noticed that the final estimate on this work placed the
value of same at |33,025.44 and that the cost of the work at the
time the contract was awarded, based upon the bid prices and the
engineers' estimate of quantities was {32,441.00, making an increase
in the cost of the work of 1588.44 above the estimated cost. This
amount, however, was over f2,000 less than the engineers* original
estimate of the cost of doing the work. The difference in cost be-
tween the final estimate and the estimate based upon the contractor's
bid price and engineers estimate of quantities is due almost entirely
to the cost of the transformer house. The super-structure of this
building and increasing the thickness of the walls of the main pump-
ing station were covered by the extra work order referred to above
and amounted to |345.60. The balance is due to the concrete foun-
dations which were to be paid for at the prices bid and to some soft
places which were encountered in the excavation of the building and
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 917
which necessitated the concrete foundations being carried to a
greater depth than was expected in the original plan.
Throughout the progress of the work the contractor made every
attempt to carry out the requirements of the specifications as to
quality and workmanship in every particular as is especially shown
in the construction of the reservoirs, which on testing proved to be
almost absolutely watertight, as well as in the pipe section, of
which approximately 1,300 feet in length stood a pressure test of
300 pounds to the square inch for six hours without any leakage.
Since the completion of the pumping station a telephone line has
been installed connecting it with the institution switchboard and
an engineer is kept on duty day and night so that in case of fire the
pumps can be started immediately.
Settlement was made with the contractor on the basis of the final
estimate given above. The pumping station and waterworks system
were placed in operation on April 27th and were operated during
the balance of the year. No defects developed in the workmanship
nor was any fault found with the design.
The elevated steel tank placed on the knoll back of the institution
buildings to furnish pressure in the waterworks system and to con-
tain water for fire purposes was described in the 1912 annual report
of the Department together with an account of the advertisement
of the contract and the award to the Chicago Bridge & Iron Works,
and a description of the amount of work completed prior to January
1, 1913.
The work was finished on January 7th and the final inspection
made on January 14th, at which time it was found that the tank was
watertight and conformed to the plans and specifications as well as
the terms of the contract.
A careful account was kept of the days suitable for constructing
the work in accordance with the usual custom in this Department,
beginning ten days after the date of signing the contract as provided
in th€ specifications. From August 16th to January 7th, on which
date the work was completed, sixty-nine days were recorded as work-
ing days, making allowance for Sundays, legal holidays, rainy days,
and the period from November 15th to December 20th, during which
time the contractor was delayed in his work because the water lines
were not completed so that the tank could be tested.
Upon completion and acceptance of the work the contractors were
paid the balance due them on the contract price of |3,950 after de-
ducting the amounts paid on monthly estimates. It will be noted
that there were no charges for extra work on this contract and that
the total sums paid the contractor equaled the contract price.
After completion of the water tank an electric float alarm with an-
nunciators in the engine room of the power and laundry building
Digitized by
Google
iii8 KIGHTH ANNUAL llEPORT OF THE Off. Doo.
and in the waterworks pumping station was installed under a sepa-
rate contract which was supervised by the consulting mechanical
engineer of the Department. This float alarm causes a bell to ring
at both annunciators when the tank is full and also causes a bell
to ring when the water level has dropped to a point eighteen inches
below high water line in the tank.
The auxiliary water tank which was placed back of the power and
laundry building to receive by means of a pipe line the condensing
water from the refrigerating plant in the basement of the dining
building and store it for use in the laundry was described in the 1912
annual report of this Department together with an account of the
advertisement of the contract. Bids on this work were opened on
January 21st. Two bids were received, as follows:
U. S. Wind Engine & Pump Co., Batavia, 111., |1,249.00
Des Moines Bridge & Iron Works, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1,575.00
The Des Moines Bridge & Iron Works alsg submitted an alternate
bid on an all steel tank and on a steel tower for the price of |1,510.00.
As the latter bid did not correspond with the specifications, it was not
considered.
After thorough investigation the contract was awarded to the low
bidders, the U. S. Wind Engine & Pump Company, at their bid pric«
of 11,249.00.
The contract was signed February 10th and bond to the amount
of fifty per cent, of the contract was filed as is required by the speci-
fications.
Coustruotion of Work.
The specifications stated that the concrete foundations for the
tank would be furnished by this Department according to tlie designs
submitted by the contractor. Immediately after the signing of the
contract the contractor prepared and forwarded plans for these foun-
dations. The concrete foundations were placed during the latter
part of February and were ready for use when the tank materials
arrived on the ground. The contractor prepared the material for the
tower and tank at his shops and send the same to Cresson, where it
arrived early in March. Shortly afterwards the construction gang
appeared and began the work of erecting the tank, which was com-
pleted about the middle of April.
The contract required that the entire work should be completed
within forty-five working days. The actual number of days con-
sumed on the work was twenty-two, so that the tank was finished
well within the contract time. The lumber in the tank is an excep-
tional grade of Gulf Cypress. The workmanship on the entire tank
is first-class in every particular.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 919
Partial Payments.
Acording to the terms of the contract the contractor was entitled
to a fifty per cent, payment on the contract when the materials for
the construction of the work arrived on the ground and had been
inspected and approved. This estimate, amounting to |624.50, was
paid on March 10, 1913. The contract further provided that the
contractor was entitled to no further payment until the work should
be finally completed, tested and approved, at which time be was to
receive the balance due under the contract. This balance of {624.50
became due under these terms aud was paid June 1, 1913.
This tank has been in operation since that time, fulfilling the pur-
pose for which it was constructed. By means of it the condensing
water of the refrigerating plant is used again in the laundry build-
ing so that instead of wasting several thousand gallons of water each
day for condensing purposes at the refrigerating plant as is ordina-
rily the case, no water is wasted.
The original plans for the waterworks system for this Sanitorium
contemplated the development of several springs on the western slope
of the property, the drilling of a deep well, and an auxiliary pipe line
to the supply line of the Summit Water Supply Company. The deep
well, as described fully in preceding reports, was abandoned at a
depth of 1.058 feet, water not being encountered in sufficient quantities
to warrant further drilling. Work on the connection to the water
company's main was commenced together with that on the pumping
station and disti'ibuting lines as described in the 1912 report, and
completed during 1913 as described elsewhere in this report. Funds
were not available during 1912 for the development of the springs on
the property and an amount sufficient for this purpose was set aside
from the 1913 appropriation. It was estimated that the work would
cost f 6,500.00. The system as planned contemplated the collection
of water by gravitj^ from six springs with provision for the collection
of water from other more distant springs should it be deemed desir-
able in the future and the construction of a filter plant of the rapid
sand type at the pumping station.
According to the plan the main pipe line is to be of cast iron, four
inches in diameter, and extend in an easterly direction from the
pumping station, a distance of 400 feet, on the institution property to
a junction manhole. Two branch lines lead from this manhole: one
of them, of four inch cast iron pipe, approximately 1,250 feet long,
extends in a southeasterly direction across a corner of the property
of the Cambria Iron & Steel Company, adjoining the sanatorium.
Another manhole is placed on this line at the point where it again
enters the institution property. Ultimately two branch lines may
extend from this manhole. The branch line now to be constructed is
of three inch wrought iron pipe 400 feet in length extending parallel
Digitized by
Google
920 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
to the property lines to another manhole, at which point it divides
into branch lines serving three springs. Manhole No. 1 has three
branch lines: one of them, four inches in diameter has already been
described. Another, two inches in diameter and ninety feet long,
leads to spring No. 1. The third line is three inches in diameter for
a distance of 300 feet, at which point it reduces to two inches in
diameter and extends a distance of approximately 900 feet to springs
No. 2 and No. 3.
All of the manholes are to be constructed of stone masonry plas-
tered outside and inside and provid^ed with a padlocked wooden cover
and overflow pipe. At each spring are collecting basins of dry rubble
and rubble laid in mortar. The stonework on the upper side of the
basin has open joints so that the water which comes through the
ground may enter the basin and is retained by wing walls of masonry,
laid with mortar joints, and the lower half of the basin until it rises
to an elevation of twelve inches above the bottom of the manhole, at
which point it enters the outlet pipe line. The ground behind the
wing walls and immediately above the basins is to be excavated and
refilled with large stones which will serve to protect the water com-
ing from the ground from possible contamination.
The pipe lines cross shallow ravines at several points. In order
to avoid excessively deep trenches, it was deemed advisable to place
a culvert twelve inches in diameter in the bottom of each of these
ravines and carry the pipe line across the culvert in an earth em-
bankment.
The filters while not perhaps absolutely essential were considered
to be advisable to act as a precaution against possible contamination
of the water from the springs.
Water from the springs would flow first through the large concrete
storage reservoir already constructed at the pumping station. Alum
is to be added to the water on entering the reservoir so that it would
be converted into a coagulating and sedimentation basin. From the
large reservoir the settled water will flow through a six inch cast iron
line to a small concrete pumping sump to be constructed under the
floor of the filter house addition of the present pumping station.
Water will be lifted from this sump to the level of the filters by one
of two motor operated centrifugal pumps each having a capacity of
150,000 gallons in twenty-four hours.
The filters are of reinforced concrete construction, two in number,
ten feet six inches in length and five feet four inches in width capable
of filtering 50,000 gallons of water each in eight hours. The collect-
ing system on the floor of the filters is of wrought iron pipe having
brass strainers tapped in at intervals of six inches.
The collecting pipes are covered with ten inches of graded gravel
on which was to be placed the layer of selected filter sand two feet
six inches in thickness.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 921
Loss of head gauges and rate controllers are to be provided for each
unit as well as suitable piping and valves for reversing the flow of
water for washing the filters and the wasting of the first filtrate im-
mediately after washing.
Wash water is obtained by a connection four inches in diameter
into the force main leading to the buildings and providing a pres-
sure reducing valve to reduce the pressure of the wash water to ten
pounds to the square inch.
Filtered water will be taken from the clear well beneath the filters
by gravity through a cast iron line six inches in diameter to the pres-
ent 50,000 gallon pumping reservoir back of the pumping station.
From this point it is to be forced to the institution by the pumps al-
ready constructed and in operation.
Advertisement of Contract.
The contract for the construction of the water lines and filters
was advertised during May 1913 and bids were received and pub-
licly opened on May 29th. Of the four bids received that of the Pitt
Construction Company, amounting to |5,425.25, based on the quanti-
ties of the engineers' estimate, was the lowest. At the time the bids
were opened the Legislature had not adjourned so that the money
from the appropriation was not available. Other delays followed,
and finally, the Commissioner of Health decided, on July 30th, that
these bids could not be held open any longer and therefore all bids
were rejected. It was also decided to proceed with the construction
of the water lines by day labor, ordering all the material necessary for
the same through the purchasing office in Philadelphia.
Construction of the Water Lines.
Materials for the work were ordered on the 2nd of August and be-
gan to arrive the latter part of the month. Before this time excava-
tion had been started for the trenches so that when the pipe arrived
the work of laying it could begin immediately. It was not neces-
sary to purchase any wrought iron pipe for the work, as the Depart-
ment had a large stock of this pipe on hand which had been used on
the temporary water supply at Cresson. This pipe was thoroughly
cleaned of rust, heated and dipped in hot asphaltum paint which
served as a protective coating. In general, the work was constructed
in exact accordance with the contract drawings with three exceptions.
The contract drawings show a connection to spring No. 2. It was
found that this spring had been dry all the past summer. It was
therefore believed that it would not pay, for the present at least, to
make the connection to this spring. Furthermore this spring has its
rise across the line on the Cambria Steel Company's property and
in order to make the connection it would be necessary to dig into the
Digitized by
Google
922 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oft. Doc.
ground and find the underground stream supplying this spring and it
is doubtful if this could be found without the expenditure of con-
siderable money. If, in the future, it should be deemed desirable to
find this underground stream and make the connection to the pipe line
it could be done at that time as reasonably as now. The drawings
showed the line from manhole No. 3 to spring basin Ko. 4 to be two
inches in diameter. There was not sufficient two inch pipe in stock
to make the line of this size but there was some inch and one-half pipe.
This size is large enough to more than carry the dry weather flow
from this spring and during wet weather the flow from the other
springs would far more than meet the needs of the institution. The
contract drawings showed a two inch line approximately 700 feet long
from manhole No. 5 to spring basin No. 6. This spring was used as
a part of the temporary water supply before the sanatorium was
opened. An inch and a half line was laid from this spring to the old
pumping reservoir which is adjacent to the spring basin now con-
structed and known as No. 7. It was found that this line was in
good condition and that by constructing a short line about ten feet
in length it could be turned into spring basin No. 7. It therefore
seemed advisble not to consti'uct the new line 700 feet in length
to serve this spring unless the present line should rust out.
The work was completed and water from the spring system turned
into the large reservoir at the pumping station. October 20th. On
October 23rd the water from the public water line was shut off and
since that time the institution has been entirely supplied with water
from these springs.
If this work had been done by contract it would have cost |4,938.94.
The actual cost to the Department, making use of material on hand,
was 12,609.40, representing a saving of |2,329.54, with due allowance
for all engineering supervision.
The cost of the work to the Department was as follows:
Labor $1,917 08
Material, 692 32
Total , $2,609 40
As stated above, each manhole and spring basin is provided with
a padlocked wooden cover. The institution property, however, is not
fenced so that cows and trespassers are at liberty to walk over the
ground immediately surrounding the springs with a possibility of
pollution of the same. In order to avoid this, a temporary fence was
constructed at a distance of approximately fifty feet around each
spring. This fence was made by nailing the barb wire which sur-
rounded the temporary pumping station to trees. The fence is only
temporary and will be replaced by a permanent one.
The engineer at the pumping station patrols the water lines at least
once a week and makes a report covering the condition of the fencing,
manhole covers, etc. Since the springs have been connected to the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
d23
water system they have furnished the entire water supply for the
institution and it is probable that this water will be amply sufficient
for institution purposes excepting during very dry periods^ when
some water will have to be taken from the pipe supply.
The following table is a r6sum6 of the operation of the water works
pumping station during the year, together with a summary of the
recorded flow of water from the springs.
j £i?
2§
1 M ^
M 0>
5|
^t
l«
^
&«
0.^^
Month.
5^1
IM
1^'
fliM
!«
April (27th-90th).
Jane
Joly
Aairast V-
September
October,
November
December,
50.000 ,
46,725
4».52&
49.350,
4».S36,
49.540 '
37,140 I
18.620
68.740
64,230
77
84
84
87
92
108
IX
118
Total gallons used from Public Supply
Total gallons used from Spring Supply,
Total gallons used at Institution
Daily average consumption in gallons
Daily average per capita consumption (400 population) ,
Total current used in kilo- watt-hours,
Gallons water pumped per kilo- watt-hours,
Daily average inflow from Spring Supply Oct. 27 to Dec. 31
Maximum daily inflow from Spring Supply,
Minimum daily inflow from Spring Supply ,
Cost of water used from Public Supply
Amount of water bills saved during year by installation of Spring
Supply,
Amount saved on water bills during year in per cent, cost of installing
Spring Supply,
Average quantity of hypo-cblorite of lime used in parts per million of
available chlorine, .'
8,751 150
4.603,430
13.354,580
53,635
134
24,210
551
90,825
150,000
50.280
$875 12
460 34
17.6
0.4
Miscellaneous Ck)nstruction .
During the year certain miscellaneous engineering and construc-
tion work was designed and carried out entirely by day labor. This
work is described in the following brief account.
The topography of the ground around the buildings was such that
considerable grading was required in order to prevent surface water
from entering the cellar windows. And the ground as left by the con-
tractor was in such a condition that a great deal of cleaning and
surfacing was necessary before lawns could be started. This work
was begun early in the spring and carried on at intervals during the.
summer as men and teams were available. The general plan of the:
Digitized by
Google
924 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
work was to grade the ground for a distance varying from ten to one
hundred feet from the walls so that rain water falling on the ground
would be carried away from the buildings. In general the ground
elevation at the building walls is about six inches lower than the sills
of the cellar windows and the tops of the areas surrounding them.
The excavation for the most part was clay and shale, although a great
many stones ranging in size from small fragments to large boulders
were encountered. The stone was* separated and kept in piles for
use in the roadways, for concrete, or for cutting into building stone,
depending on the size of the material. The earth and shale excavated
were used in filling around the buildings at points where such filling
was necessary to bring the ground to the established grade. The
amount of material excavated and disposed of in embankment ap-
proximated 7,000 cubic yards. The work was practically completed
by the close of 1913 in readiness for a top dressing and sowing of
grass seed.
The slope of the ground around the buildings is such that water
from the spouts would not drain entirely away from the l^uildings on
the surface at all points and at all places where it did flow away from
the buildings the wash and damage to the surface was considerable.
It was therefore believed by the Commissioner of Health advisable
to construct a storm water system to care for all of the roof water
from the main buildings. The system as constructed is of terra cotta
pipe ranging in size from six to ten inches in diameter and has a
length of 1,850 lineal feet. Of this amount 820 feet is ten inches in
diameter, 660 feet eight inches in diameter, and 370 feet is six inches
in diameter. There are two main lines of pipe both ten inches in
diameter discharging on the surface of the ground on the hillside
about ninety feet east of the east ward building. The pipes cross un-
der the basement of this building and extend along the sides of the
connecting corridor, one line on the north and the other on the south
side. After passing the length of the connecting corridor the lines
turn and extend around the dining building. Branches were con-
structed to each spout and to the drains of three basement areas in
the east ward building. In all, connections were made to twenty-four
spouts, three areas and three catch basins, taking care of the water
from approximately 28,000 square feet of roof surface and by means
of the catch basins taking care of surface water falling on the ground
in the angles formed by the corners of the various buildings over an
area of about an acre and a half. The entire cost of the work was
in the neighborhood of |1200.
The main steam conduit extending from the power and laundry
building to the east ward building, and in which is contained the high
and low pressure heating and return mains, is underdrained by a
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 925
four inch open joint terra cotta pipe line. This line has outlets
draining to the surface at each manhole. These outlets frequently
become clogged and do not render satisfactory service. Also the
water level in the ground around the power house during several
months of the year stands practically at the ground surface, causing
a great deal of water to accumulate in the drains of the conduit line
near the point where it enters the power house. In view of these
conditions it seemed advisable to construct a larger drain as an out-
let to the manhole on the steam conduit line directly in front of the
power bouse. This outlet was constructed of terra cotta pipe eight
inches in diameter and approximately three hundred feet in length.
It extends west from the power house, crossing the main roadway
and discharging to the surface of the ground in the woods along
the roadway.
The roadway from the turnpike to a point near the main build-
ings was constructed during 1910. Inasmuch as the surface was com-
posed of the soft sandstone found on the property, the hauling of
heavy loads over this road during the construction of the buildings
caused the formation of large ruts and hollows. These places were
repaired during the summer and the road surface kept in as good
condition as was possible by means of a split log drag. The roadways
were also extended to the various entrance doors of the main build-
ings. This necessitated the construction of about half a mile of
roadway, which has a surfaced width of sixteen feet with a gutter
on each side. In places where the flow of storni water was such that
it would cause undue washing of the dirt gutter, a cobble paved gut-
ter was constructed. First-class road surfacing material is not avail-
able on the property, as the native stone is rather soft sandstone.
It was necessary to use this material for road surfacing as the De-
partment did not wish to go to the expense of shipping in first-class
road surfacing material. The Department does not have a stone
crasher at Cresson. All of the stone necessary for this work was
broken by hand with napping hammers as it, was found that this
could be done for about the same amount that it would have cost to
have rented a crusher for the work. Through the courtesy of officers
of the State Highway Department which were at work on the turn-
pike in front of the Sanatorium, we were able to borrow a steam rol-
ler to use in compacting the sub-grade and the surfacing of a part
of this roadway. The binder used was a mixture of cinders from the
power plant and such stone dust as was available.
No suitable place was available in the basements of the main build-
ings for the storage of vegetables such as potatoes, cabbages, turnips,
and the like. The farm produced several hundred bushels of such
vegetables during the year which it was necessary to store until
used during the winter. The Commissioner of Health therefore au-
Digitized by
Google
926 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
thorized the construction of a suitable vegetable cellar to be placed
at some point adjacent to the dining building. The site chosen was
about forty feet back of the main kitchen wing of the dining build-
ing fronting on the road. After a series of computations it was de-
cided that the cheapest form of cellar which could be constructed
would be a rectangular structure having masonry walls constructed
of the stone found on the institution property, a concrete floor, and a
flat reinforced concrete roof. The structure is approximately thirty
feet in length, twenty feet in breadth, and eight feet high and has an
available capacity of approximately 1,200 bushels. The floor level
is seven feet below the surface of tlie ground and the earth removed
from this excavation was banked three feet deep over the roof, thus
preventing freezing of the contents. Entrance is provided by means
of concrete steps leading from the surface of the ground down to
the floor of the cellar. The interior is divided into four bins. A
twelve inch ventilator leading through the roof was provided and in
order to prevent any leakage through the walls six inches of broken
stone was placed around all exterior walls from the bottom to the
top. A four inch terra cotta drain was placed at the bottom of the
wall in the broken stone and connected to the sanitary sewers. A
floor drain in the floor of the vegetable cellar near the doorway
with connections to the sewer allows the floor to be cleaned with a
hose when desired.
It was necessary to set aside a portion of ground to be used as a
cemetery for such patients of the sanatorium as die, and whose bodies
are not claimed by friends or relatives. It was found that the Cres-
son Cemetery Association, had received a gift of ground from Mr.
Andrew Carnegie on the side of the cemetery adjoining the Sanator-
ium property under the condition that all nationalities and races
should have the privilege of burial in this plot free of charge if de-
sired. On request of the Department the cemetery authorities set
aside a section of ground for the use of the institution. This plot of
ground was surveyed^ and laid out in places for graves. The plot
contains room for approximately two hundred graves, which is con-
sidered sufficient for a great many years.
When the main buildings of the institution were left as completed
by the contractors, several piles of dirt from the excavation of the
cellars remained on the ground. The largest of these piles was west
of the dining building and contained approximately 1,500 cubic yards.
The Commissioner of Health issued instnictions that this pile of dirt
should be carefully surveyed so that the cost of removing same could
be charged against the contractors at the time of making the final
payment on the buildings, should such charge be necessary.
Report blanks were prepared for recording the daily operation of
the sewage treatment plant and waterworks pumping station, the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
927
main boiler room and engine room, and the refrigerating plant, and
a form for recording a weekly inspection of the fire escapes and fire
fighting apparatus. Copies of the first two reports are sent weekly
to the Harrisburg office of the Department and examined and filed in
the Design and Construction Section. The remaining reports are ex-
amined by the master mechanic and filed at the institution.
In 1910 a cottage situated in the Mountain House Grounds was
given to the Department by Mrs. Benjamin Jones and is known as the
Jones Cottage. This building was originally heated by fire-places
and a small furnace which was sufficient, as the building was only
occupied by its owners during the summer time and early fall. The
heating plant, however, was not sufficient for occupancy of the build-
ing during severe winter weather. A hot water heating system for
the building was designed and bids for the installation were requested
in three different forms: — the first included the installation of the
system complete with a large boiler capable of supplying hot water
to the entire house with piping and radiators in each room ; alternate
A included the same boiler as would be required for the entire in-
stallation but with radiators only on the first floor and three rooms
on the second floor; alternate B included a smaller boiler which could
be increased by adding additional sections if desired and radiators
and piping for the rooms included in alternate A. These bids were
advertised in the fall of 1912 and opened November 11th. The com-
plete bids as received are given in the following table:
^
^
-
i
a
<
^
8
5
s
1
i
i
*
<
5
John Phelster l $1,416 00 i $1,206 90
Swank Hardware Co I 1,220 36 1 912 79
B. J. Smith 1,180001 870 00
P. A. Lacy I 932 00' 71100
II. im 00
846 79
798 00
663 00
Money for the installation of this system was not then available.
It was accordingly decided by the Commissioner of Health that the
system could not be installed until after the next appropriation was
received from the Legislature. In the fall of 1913 after carefully con-
sidering the matter it was decided that this system could be installed
in an economical manner by the steam fitters employed continually
at the institution, the material for the same being obtained through
the purchasing division of the Department and the portion of the
system known as Alternate B was accordingly constructed at a
material saving over the cost of the work by contract.
Digitized by VjOOQlC
928 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Water was supplied to the Jones Cottage from a small reservoir
on the hillside east of the Mountain House grounds. The same sys-
tem also supplied the old hotel and all of the cottages around it.
The system was approximately forty years old and had not been
kept in good repair so that leaks developed continually and as a re-
sult it was impossible to secure a sulflcient supply of water at the
cottage during periods of low water in the spring fed reservoir. The
Manor Keal Estate and Trust Company, who are the owners of the
hotel property and of many of the cottages in the grounds, stated that
at the present time they would do nothing towards the repair of this
distribution system. It was therefore decided by the Commissioner
of Health that it would be advisable to install a separate water sup-
ply for the Jones Cottage, thus making this building independent of
the old supply. On investigation it was found that there was a
spring in an old picnic park across the turnpike north of the Moun-
tain House grounds. Permission was secured from the owners of
this park to install a small gasoline driven pump at the spring in or-
der to force water to the cottage. The spring was first thoroughly
cleaned and the stone walls of the same repaired and an overflow line
constructed to a small pumping sump which was built adjacent to
the house covering the gasolene engine driven pump. An inch and a
half force line, approximately 925 feet long, was constructed to the
cottage. The topography of the ground is such that this entire line
could be drained by gravity at the pumping station. It was there-
fore only buried about twelve inches in depth excepting at points
where a greater depth was required to secure the necessary grade. A
small wooden tank having a capacity of approximately three hundred
gallons was placed in the attic of the cottage so that it would only
be necessary to operate the pump for a few minutes each day and the
line could then be drained, thus doing away with the danger of freez-
ing during severe winter weather. Inasmuch as all of the piping, the
pump, engine and lumber required for this work were at hand, hav-
ing been used in the temporary water supply during the building of
the institution, this work was done at a nominal cost.
During the fall the Commissioner of Health authorized the prepara-
tion of plans for a stone entrance to the institution grounds and a
small masonry lodge house. These plans were presented but owing
to the advent of winter weather, it was not considered advisable to
start the construction until the spring of 1914.
Record is kept at the institution of the amount of coal and miscel-
laneous freight received. In order to make these records it is neces-
sary that each wagon load entering the property be weighed. This
system has been in use at the Mont Alto Sanatorium for several
years and has proved entirely satisfactory. The Commissioner of
Health therefore authorized the purchase of wagon scales and the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 92Ji
construction of a concrete foundation for tliem. The foundation was
constructed as required and the scales are located along the road lead-
ing from the turnpike to the institution buildings at a point about
one hundred feet from the entrance.
It is necessary that the supply of fire hose at the institution should
be kept at points easy of access at all times in case of fire. This fire
hose is mounted on three reels, each reel coutaining three hundred
feet. The institution also owns two forty gallon chemical tanks
mounted on wheels. After careful consideration it was decided that
the best method for storing this apparatus would be to construct two
independent stone houses, one located east of the dining building and
the other northwest of the same building, and to place a hose reel and
a chemical tank in each building, the remaining hose reel to be kept
at the power house. The Commissioner of Health authorized the pre-
paration of plans for these two buildings. They are of stone masonry
approximately fifteen feet square in plan, having a large double door
which is fastened only by a hasp. Provision was made for heating
the buildings by a small radiator supplied with steam by a line run
from the heating mains in the dining building. The heating of these
buildings was necessary in order to prevent freezing of the chemical
tanks and deterioration of the rubber hose during severe winter
weather. These plans were prepared during 1913 and the construc-
tion will be started in the spring of 1914.
The contract for the installation of the electric power line leading
from the power plant to the east ward building and from the power
plant to the waterworks pumping station was awarded late in the
fall of 1912. The ground was frozen and if these power lines had been
buried in the ground the cost would have been excessive. It was
therefore deemed advisable to install the cables in a creosoted wood
conduit laid on the surface of the ground for temporary use and to
bury these lines during the summer of 1913 when the frost should be
out of the ground. This work was started during the summer and
the conduit line completed from the powerhouse to the east ward
building and about two-thirds of the way from the power house to the
waterworks pumping station. The line to the east ward building con-
sists of four conduits, three being used for high tension electric cables
and the fourth for a telephone line. The trench for these four con-
duits was approximately thirty- two inches in width. A four inch un-
derdrain tile was laid on the bottom of the trench and surrounded
with a six inch layer of broken stone. On this broken stone were
laid the creosoted wooden conduits for the electric cables. The con-
duits were surrounded with broken stone and a layer about three in-
ches in thickness was placed over the top. In order to prevent inter-
ference the duct for the telephone conduit was separated from the
conduits for the high tension electric current by a space six inches in
59—14—1915 ^ .
Digitized by VjOOQlC
d30 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
width filled with broken stones. Concrete manholes were constructed
approximated 350 feet apart along the line. An outlet drain was
placed from each manhole so that any ground water reaching the
drain is carried away and not allowed to accumulate around the con-
duit pipes. The position of the conduit lines in the trench between
manholes was changed so as to prevent induction of the currents.
The length of the conduit trench from the power house to the east
ward building is approximately 1,400 feet. The line from the power
house to the waterworks pumping station contains two conduits, one
conduit being for the high tension electric cable which furnishes power
for operating the pumping station and the other conduit for the tele-
phone line. This conduit line is approximately 4,400 feet in length,
of which about 3,000 feet were completed during the year, the con-
struction being in all respects similar to that described for the line
extending from the power house to the east ward building. The
work was done by day labor and the portion completed indicates that
the cost will be materially less than if it had been constructed by
contract during the fall and winter of 1912.
Refuse Incinerator.
After a careful investigation it was decided that the most econo-
mical method of disposing of the refuse from the Sanatorium would
be to sterilize and feed the garbage to pigs, and to incinerate the mis-
cellaneous refuse consisting of sputum boxes, paper handkerchiefs,
paper napkins, paper table cloths, and the like.
An examination of the records of the incinerating plant of the
Mont Alto Sanatorium shows that the refuse from a thousand pa-
tients between December 16, 1912, and January 17, 1913, contained
an average of twenty cans of sputum boxes a day. These cans of
sputum boxes averaged twenty-two pounds in weight, each with a
capacity of three and a half cubic feet. An incinerator for the Cres-
son institution should at the present time have a capacity suffi-
cient to care for the sputum boxes from 320 patients but it was
deemed advisable to ask for estimates on incinerators large enough
to care for the sputum boxes for four to five hundred patients with
the expectation that the extra capacity would be sufficient for gen-
eral refuse disposal. Based on the figures obtained at Mont Alto
the daily load of the Cresson plant would be about 240 pounds, oc-
cupying a space of approximately thirty bushels.
Four proposals for a refuse incinerator were received by this De-
partment at its Philadelphia office. The prices quoted ranged from
f300.00 to 12400.00. From an examination of the proposals as re-
duced to a twelve hour operating basis with capacities expressed in
bushels, it was apparent that certain of the companies did not have
a clear understanding of the needs of the institution. It was there-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONEU OF HEALTH. 831
fore deemed advisable to reject all the proposals and to prepare de-
tailed specifications under which comparable bids would be received.
In the meantime a temporary open air burner for refuse, using wood
as fuel, had been constructed at the institution. This burner has
be^n giving fair satisfaction and it was therefore decided to continue
its use and postpone the installation of a permanent incinerator un-
til the temporary burner should be worn out.
WORK DONE FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE SANATORIUM FOR
TUBERCULOSIS, NO. 3, HAMBURG.
Waterworks System.
The annual report of the Department for 1912 contained a detailed
des-cription of the waterworks proposed for this institution, consist-
ing of a pumping station and filtration plant on Mill Creek, within
the limits of the property, a force main to an 85,000 gallon elevated
steel tank on the hill east of the buildings with an eight inch grav-
ity supply main from the tank to the buildings, and connections,
four and six inches in size, to the individual buildings and hydrants
about the grounds.
The contract for the construction of this system was publicly ad-
vertised early in May of this year. Six proposals were received and
duly opened on May 28th. The bids ranged from {21,193.50 to {33,-
209.65. Owing to the late adjournment of the Legislature funds
were not yet available for this work, and the bids were held under
advisement until July 23d. As the necessary money was strQ in-
accessible, it was decided that it would be unfair to the various con-
tractors to hold the work open any longer. All bids were accordingly
rejected on this date.
Weir readings were taken on Mill Creek at the proposed site of
the pumping station and also on a branch stream known as Stine
Creek which enters Mill Creek further down. These readings made
it evident that the dry weather flow of the main stream is such that
it would be wise to move the pumping station down stream to a point
below the junction of Stine Creek with Mill Creek.
It was also decided that the general appearance of the grounds of
the Sanatorium could be materially improved by placing the tank on
a somewhat remoter hill on the north side of the buildings. The
season was already well advanced when these changes of the plan
were definitely determined, and it seemed advisable to defer a new
advertisement of the contract to some time in the winter with tlie ex-
pectation of undertaking this construction early in the spring of 1914.
Digitized by
Google
932 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Sewerage System and Sewage Treatment Plant.
The last annual report also contained a detailed description of the
sanitary sewerage system and sewage treatment plant proposed for
the Hamburg Sanatorium. In brief, this system included connec-
tions to each building of the institution and an eight inch terra cotta
main sewer leading to the site of the treatment plant which was to
stand on the bank of Mill Creek, approximately 1,000 feet west of
the institution and about seventy-five feet below the ground about the
main buildings. The sewage treatment plant was to consist of a
small screen chamber, two Imhoff tanks, a siphon chamber, a sprink-
ling filter, two re-settling basins, apparatus for adding a germicide,
and a rapid sand filter of the gravity type, together with a sludge bed
for drying the sludge deposited in the various units.
The contract for the construction of this work was advertised early
in May, 1913. Three proposals were received and the bids were pub-
licly opened on May 28th.
The conditions which precluded a prompt award of the contract
for the water works also led to a delay in accepting bids relating to
the sewage disposal. Here too the bids were all finally rejected and
it was decided to defer a fresh advertisement of this contract until
late in the winter and then ask for new bids for the water works
system and the sewerage system at the same time.
Rock Excavation on the Site of the Main Buildings.
At the time of signing the contract for the construction of the
main buildings of this Sanatorium, it was agreed by the Commis-
sioner of Health and the contractors that all solid rock excavation
shouTd be paid for in addition to the lump sum price bid for the con
struction of buildings. The excavation for the most part was dirt,
soft shale and hard shale, with a comparatively small amount of
solid ledge rock. In order to ascertain the amount of rock encoun-
tered the Engineering Division had a representative on the work
from the first of the year to the completion of the excavation about
the middle of June. Daily cost records were kept, drawings were
made showing the location of all holes drilled for blasting, records
were kept daily of the total amount of excavation and a series of
photographs taken from time to time showing the character of the
material encountered.
The only rock encountered in excavating for the east ward build-
ing was a small quantity in the north half, amounting to 110.5 cubic
yards. A small amount of rock amounting to thirty-nine cubic yards,
was encountered under the corridor connecting the east ward build-
ing and the dining building. Tn the dining buildincr the excavation
was for the most part soft and hard shale with 138 cubic yards of
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 833
solid rock encountered, for the most part, in the footings under the
walls in the north wing of the building. The excavation for the con-
necting corridor between thje dining building and west ward build-
ing as well as in the west ward building, consisted entirely of loose
and hard shale, no solid rock excavation being encountered in the
building. The excavation for the coal bins between the dining build-
ing and the power and laundry building and the excavation for the
power and laundry building was the most difficult encountered on
the work, including a total of 2,095 cubic yards of solid rock. The
total amount of rock excavation allowed was 2,382.5 cubic yards.
The total amount of excavation from the time a representative ot
the Department was on the ground until the completion amounted
to 13,955 cubic yards, on which the labor and material costs, includ-
ing drilling, operation of steam shovel, transporting material, hand
excavation for footings, dynamite and blasting powder but exclusive
of overhead charges or depreciation, amounted to f6,283.75. This
represents a cost to the contractor for excavation of 45.1 cents a cubic
yard.
On the basis of this inspection a voucher was made up for pay-
ment to the contractor for 2,382.5 cubic yards of rock excavation at
75 cents a cubic yard, this being the price agreed upon at the time
of signing the contract.
Roadways and Grading Around Institution Buildings.
During the year surveys were made of the embankment placed
around the buildings by the general contractor, consisting of the ma-
terial excavated from the cellars. With these surveys as a basis de-
tailed plans of the finished roadways and grading around the build-
ings were prepared. In general it may be stated that the finished
grade of the ground immediately surrounding the buildings will be
about at the elevation of the sills of the basement windows and that
the ground will extend on a gentle slope from this elevation to meet
the original elevation of the ground so that during storms water will
be drained away from the buildings, thus preventing flooding of the
cellars. The main gateway to the institution will be on the State
Highway immediately in front of the administration wing of the
sanatorium building. From this entrance gate a winding driveway
will extend to the entrance of the administration building. At this
point the road will divide to the right and left; the left hand branch
extending around the west ward building to the entrance of the build-
ing at the centre and the right hand branch extending around the
front of the east ward building to the main entrance at the middle of
this building. The entrance gate for coal, freight, and miscellaneous
supplies will be on the main highway approximately 650 feet beyond
the main entrance gate to the institution, at the point of entrance
Digitized by
Google
034 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
of the old township road known as the Stine road which is to be
repaired and made passable to the farmhouse property back of the
Sanatorium buildings. At a point along this roadway near the north
end of the east ward building a branch road will extend around the
east ward building to the unloading platform back of the dining
building as well as to the coal bins and the laundry building.
It is the expectation that this grading will be undertaken as early
in the spring of 1914 as the weather permits. The roadways are to
be surfaced with stone and ^gutters and cross drains constructed
where necessary, the surfaced portion of the roadways being sixteen
feet in width for the main entrance road to the institution and twelve
feet in width for all auxiliary or branch roads.
Sanitary Manure Pit.
The barn on the Stine farm is in good condition and it was deter-
mined at the time of purchasing the property that this barn could
serve, after minor repairs, as a stable and that by this use the con-
struction of expensive barns could be avoided. This building is now
in use for the horses which are needed in farming on the property.
As the barn does not contain any satisfactory arrangements for the
storage of manure, it was decided to construct a sanitary manure pit
near the barn similar to the ones in use at the Cresson and Mont
Alto sanatoria. After making an estimate of the number of. stock
which would be needed at the institution it was decided that a man-
ure pit thirty-five feet by fifteen feet in plan, interior dimensions,
would be sufficient. This size is somewhat larger than the pit at the
Mont Alto Sanatorium but is not as large as the one at the Cresson
Sanatorium. The walls and floor will be of concrete, the floor slop-
ing slightly to a sump in one corner. The walls are seven feet and a
half in height and so placed that the top of the concrete is approxi-
mately three feet above the present surface of the ground. Above the
concrete the walls are four feet in height, of frame construction and
so arranged that alternate spaces approximately four feet in width
are covered with sheeting and the intermediate spaces of approxi-
mately the same width covered with copper-bronze screening, thus al-
lowing for adequate ventilation but preventing the entrance of flies.
The roof is of the gable type covered with asbestos shingles similar
to those already placed on the barn. There is to be a double door
at each end of the pit. The door in the end nearest the stable is to
be used for wheeling manure into the pit and the doorway on the op-
posite end will be used for hauling manure from the pit to the fields.
An inclined runway extends in the interior from the threshold of
this latter doorway to the floor of the pit. The manure pit will be
built when the general repairs are made to the barn, early in the
spring of 1914.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSrONKH OF HEALTtt. fl36
Miscellaneous Surveys and Plans.
During the year a number of miscellaneous surveys were. made and
plans prepared. This work included a study of the method of dis-
posal of sewage from the farm buildings which resulted in the deci-
sion that the most satisfactory method would be to construct a sani-
tary dry earth privy back of the building with a tight concrete cess-
pool for wash water and waste from the kitchen.
A study was made of the best method for supplying water to the
lower barn situated on the north side of Mill Creek about opposite the
future location of the sewage disposal plant. It was decided thaf
for the present the most economical method would be to construct a
fenced runway to the stream so that the stock kept at the barn could
go down to the water and that in the future when the sewage dis-
posal plant should be constructed a pipe line could be laid from the
water line at the sewage disposal plant to this barn, a distance of ap-
proximately five hundred feet.
A preliminary survey was made for the location of a road through
the fields north of the creek so as to provide a means of transporta-
tion for fodder between the upper and lower bams.
WORK DONE IN CONNECTION WITH THE CELEBRATION OF THE
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF TELE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
Design and Construction of Structures.
The Department of Health was requested by His Excellency, Gov-
ernor John K. Tener, to make suitable arrangements to safeguard
the health of the inhabitants of Gettysburg and the multitude of visi-
tors during the approaching celebration. The Governor had in mind
not only the great gathering at the official celebration, but also the
smaller throng to be expected at the Encampment of the Grand Army
Veterans of Pennsylvania which was to be held from the 26th to the
28th of June, just before the main event. The accomplishment of
this purpose necessitated the preparation of a large number of de-
signs and the undertaking of a considerable amount of construction
work. This work was carried on by the Section of Design and Con-
struction under the general supervision of the Chief Engineer, and
by direction of the Commissioner of Health.
After a preliminary survey, the Commissioner of Health held a
consultation with the Fiftieth Anniversary Battle of Gettysburg
Commission and a plan of co-operation was adopted. This plan in-
Digitized by
Google
936 EIGHTH ANxVUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
eluded such changes in the water supply and the sewer system of the
borough as were needed to meet the demands of the occasion, the
erection of public comfort stations, and a certain amount of special
construction work in connection with the Emergency Hospital and
the first aid stations which it was proposed to establish. The Com-
mission set aside a certain sum of money to meet the expense of es-
tablishing and maintaining these conveniences for the comfort and
safety of the public. This activity of the section was the subject of
numerous special reports to the Commissioner of Health, and the
work done has been incorporated in the account of the share of the
Department in the successful conduct of the celebration which is
presented elsewhere in this annual report.
WORK DONE FOR THE STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR FEEBLE-MINDED
OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.
Additions to Sewerage System.
This State Institution is located at Polk, Venango County. It is
at present served by a sanitary sewerage system and sewage disposal
plant constructed under the supervision of this Department under an
act of the Legislature of 1909 appropriating funds therefor. The sys-
tem as constructed serves all of the main buildings of the institution.
At the time of construction of the "sewerage system grease traps were
installed outside of the main buildings and it was the intention ulti-
mately to separate the waste from the kitchens carrying it through
separate plumbing lines to these grease traps. It was also the inten-
tion to construct toilet houses in the boys' picnic grove and the main
picnic grove on the institution grounds northwest and northeast re-
spectively of the main buildings. It was also the intention to con-
struct a separate house at the sewage disposal plant to serve as an
oflSce for the operator. Money for all of this work was not at that
time available and the work was accordingly deferred.
Act No. 656 of the Legislature of 1911, approved June 13, 1911,
the general appropriation act for the Polk Institution, made an ap-
propriation for extension of the sewer system, as follows :
"For the extension of the sanitary sewer system, upon plans and
specifications approved by the Commissioner of Health, two thousand
dollars."
Upon receipt of this approitriation the superintendent of the insti-
tution requested that inasmuch as the plans for the original system
were prepared and the construction superintended by this Depart-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 037
ment, that the same procedure be carried out for the small exten-
sions contemplated under the present appropriation. After consid-
eration the Commissioner of Health agreed that the plan would be
prepared in this Department but insisted that the institution should
be resx)on8ible for the superintendence of construction.
The work as designed was divided into three portions. Two of
these were small contracts and the third consisted of the portion of
the work to be performed by the employees of the institution. The
first contract included the operator's oflBice at the sewage treatment
plant and the toilet buildings in the boys' grove and the main grove
of the institution.
The operator's office at the sewage treatment plant was to be ad-
jacent to the chemical disinfection house and of the same design. It
is a small one-story brick building ten feet square in plan and having
a red tile roof. The interior is divided by wooden partitions into three
small roomS; one of which could be used as a cupboard, another for a
dressing room and the third, five and a half by ten feet in size, was
intended for an office.
The toilet building in the boys' grove is of brick six feet square in
size and provided with a slate roof. The building is equipped with
two toilet fixtures of the anti-freezing type.
The building in the main grove is of similar design and is six by
fourteen feet in size and divided into two separate rooms, each being
provided with two toilet fixtures of the same type as those in the
building in the boys grove.
The second contract included the plumbing and toilet fixtures for
the two toilet buildings and also the installation of the grease lines
from the institution buildings to the grease traps already constructed
in the sewer systems but which up to the present time have not been
connected. This contract also included slight changes in the drains
from the kitchens of two of the custodial groups known as Garden
Side and Lake Side.
The third portion of the work, namely that to be performed by the
employees of the institution, consists of the connections from the
toilet buildings to the main sewers and from the overflows of the
manure pits and drains from the milk rooms in the barn to the sewers.
These plans were prepared during the spring and turned over to the
authorities at the institution, who immediately advertised the two
contracts and receiving favorable bids awarded the work to the low-
est bidder. The construction of the buildings as well as the making
of the sewer connections was completed during the summer and it is
stated that these improvements to the sewerage system have been sat-
isfactory in every detail.
Digitized by
Google
938 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
12. TESTS OF WATER AND SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.
The section of the Engineering Division in charge of State super-
vision of operation and tests conducted by the Department of the
various water and sewage treatment plants operating within the
State has been maintained throughout the year under the general
direction of the Chief Engineer and the immediate supervision of
a Principal Assistant Engineer. This section has also had supervi-
sion over the collection of all water and sewage samples for bacter-
iological analysis in the Department's laboratories in connection with
the work of the Engineering Division.
This section in addition to this routine work has, during the year,
had charge of the investigation and suppression of seven typhoid fever
outbreaks and has assisted in similar work in connection with seven
additional outbreaks and has under special conditions conducted
eleven investigations not in accord with the routine work pertaining
to water and sewage treatment.
Chlorinated lime disinfecting plants for the treatment of the public
water supplies have been installed under the direction of officers of
this section in five instances to meet emergency conditions.
The reports of such of the typhoid fever outbreaks as are worth de-
tailed mention and the work of the Engineering Division incident
thereto will be found elsewhere in this report as well as the reports
of several of the chlorinated lime installations.
The typhoid fever outbreaks handled entirely by officers of this
section were at the following places given in alphabetical order:
1. Connellsville, Fayette County.
2. Ellsworth, Washington County.
3. Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County.
4. McConnellsburg, Fulton County.
5. New Holland, Lancaster County.
6. Sharon and Farrell, Mercer County.
7. Tarentum, Allegheny County.
This section rendered assistance in the suppression of other typhoid
fever outbreaks which were as follows:
1. East Berlin, Adams County.
2. Franklin, Venango County.
3. Johnsonburg, Elk County.
4. Kutztown, Berks County.
5. Limestone Township, Incoming County.
6. Nuremberg, Schuylkill County.
7. Philadelphia, Philadelphia County.
Chlorinated lime treatment plants were installed for the treatment
of five public water supplies. The location of these plants and the
company or municipality for which they were installed are as follows:
1. Danville— Municipal Water Works.
2. Danville— State Hospital for the Insane.
3. Kutztown— Kutztown Water Company.
4. Port Allegany— Port Allegany Water Company.
5. West Reading— West Reading Water Company
Digitized by
Google
No. 14, COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. «39
During 1913 there were 100 water filtration plants in operation
and six under construction. Six of the 100 plants were placed in
operation during the year. Two of the plants appearing in the 1912
annual report of the Department have been abandoned as sources
of supply for domestic purposes; first: that of the Beaver Creek
Water Company near Rutherford Heights for which water from the
plant of the Hummelstown Consolidated Water Company has been
substituted for domestic purposes; second: the plant of the old Mon-
essen Water Company, the water district of which is now supplied
by the Tri-Cities Water Company from the enlarged plant of the old
Charleroi Water Company. The six new filtration plants and twen-
ty-nine of the plants previously in operation were inspected during
the year. The new plants were inspected to learn whether or not
the plans submitted to the Department and the permits issued for
the construction and operation of the plans had been followed. The
inspections of the old plants were made to ascertain the method of
operation and efficiency. Bacteriological samples were usually col-
lected when the inspections were made. Upon the results of inspec-
tions and analyses action was taken to improve the operation and
efficiency of the plants.
The six filtration plants placed in operation during 1913, were as
follows :
1. Bloomsburg— Bloomaburg Water Company.
2. East Greenville—Municipal Water Works.
3. Huntingdon — Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory.
4. New Kensington— Kensington Water Company.
5. Reading— Municipal Water Works, Maiden Creek Plant.
6. West Conshohocken— West Conshohocken Water Company.
The six water filtration plants under construction were as follows:
1. Berwick— Berwick Water Company.
2. Dallastown — York County Consolidated Water Company.
3. Erie.— Municipal Water Works.
4. Latrobe— I^atrobe Water Company.
5. Midland— Midland Water Company.
6. New Oxford— Municipal Water Works.
The twenty-nine water filtration plants built prior to 1913 and
examined during the year were as follows:
1. Bristol— Municipal Water Works.
2. Brookville— Municipal Water Works.
3. Clarion — Clarion Water Company.
4. Charleroi— Tri-Cities Water Company.
5. Coatesville— Municipal Water Works.
6. Connellsville— Connellsville Water Company.
7. Danville— Municipal Water Works.
8. Danville — State Hospital for the Insane.
9. EUwood City— EUwood Water Company.
10. E3nola— Dauphin Consolidated Water Company.
11. Falls Creek- Municipal Water Works.
12. Franklin- Municipal Water Works.
13. Freeport— Frecport Water Works Company.
14. Gettysburg— Gettysburg Water Company.
15. Hummelstown — Hummelstown Consolidated Water Company
16. Marianna— Maria nna Water Company.
17. Montgomery— Montgomery Water Company.
]3. Natrona— Natrona Water Company.
Digitized by
Google
940
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
19. New Bethlehem— Citizens Water Company.
20. New Castle— City of New Castle Water Company.
21. New Cumberland — Riverton Consolidated Water Company
22. Quarry ville — Quarry ville Water Company.
23. South Bethlehem— Bethlehem City Water Company
24. South Bethlehem— Bethlehem Steel Company.
25. Sunbury — Sunbury Water Company.
26. Tarentum— Allegheny Valley Water Company.
27. Wernersville — State Hospital for the Insane.
28. West Pittsburgh— West Pittsburgh Water Company.
29. West Reading— West Reading Water Company.
Several of the thirty-five water filtration plants inspected made
improvements during the year according to suggestions from the De-
partment of Health which were based upon the results of inspections
and tests. In a few cases it became necessary to have improvements
ordered through decrees from the Commissioner of Health, but many
minor improvements were made through suggestions from the repre-
sentatives in the field:
In the following table is shown the number of water filtration
plants making chemical and bacteriological determinations and the
frequency of these determinations:
Number of Water Filtration Plants Making Chemical and Bacteriological Determi-
nations.
Chemical.
Frequency of DeterminatloDs.
None
0cca8ionol, . .
Bi-Monthly. .
Monthly
Bl- Weekly. ..
Weekly
Semi- Weekly,
Trl-Weekly,
Dally,
Partial.
Complete.
45
1
84
1
Bacteriological.
-8 1
3 .
1 I
4 '
10!
32
9
1
5
11
4
6
By partial analyses is meant those determinations such as color,
alkalinity, and turbidity that are fundamental in the operation of
filter plants. By complete analyses is meant the making of mineral
or sanitary chemical analyses.
Seventy-seven of the eighty-two rapid sand plants use aluminium
sulphate as a coagulant. Two of the four semi-rapid and two of
the fourteen slow sand plants use the same chemical as a coagulant.
The amount of this chemical used to the gallon of water treated is
being reduced each year. It would appear that as the use of
chlorinated lime increases the use of aluminium sulphate as a
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONEK OP HEALTH. 941
coagulant decreases. The various chemicals used and the number
of plants using each are shown in the following table:
Number
Kind of Chemical. of Plants.
Aluminium sulphate, 81
Chlorinated lime, .• 43
Liauid chlorine, 5
Calcium oxide, 13
Sodium carbonate, 7
Iron sulphate, 5
Sodium thiosulphate, 1
No chemical, 11
During the year apparatus for the use of liquid chlorine was in-
stalled for the disinfection of the public water supply at Ashland,
Schuylkill County, and at each of the water filtration plants, owned
and operated by the City, of Philadelphia. At the Danville Municipal
Water Works apparatus for the use of sodium thiosulphate was in-
stalled to assist in the removal of tastes and odors due to excessive
amounts of chlorinated lime being discharged into the river a short
distance above the water works intake.
The permits issued by the Commissioner of Health for the con-
struction and operation of water filtration plants usually require that
the officials in charge of the plants shall make reports to the Depart-
ment of Health concerning' the operation and efficiency of the plants
as operated by them. At the present time forty-eight water filtration
plants report to the Department of Health each week; eleven report
monthly; six report yearly, and one reports every two weeks. The
rei)orts submitted set forth a daily record of the operation of the
pumping station, filter plant and laboratory. For the pumping sta-
tion is shown the number of hours the raw and filtered water pumps
are in action, and the number of gallons pumped. Concerning the
daily operation of the filter plant is shown the number of filter units
in service, the loss of head 'before washing, number of gallons used
in washing each unit, the number of minutes the filters are allowed
to filter to waste and the number of pounds of chemical used in the
preparation of the water for filtration, or for sterilization after filtra-
tion. The laboratory work at the various plants differs considerably
as the waters to be treated are variable. At the small plants the
laboratory keeps a record of the weather and temperature of air and
water; makes alkalinity, turbidity, and color determinations and
• makes a bacteriological examination showing the number of bacteria
to the cubic centimeter in the raw and treated water and presumptive
tests for B. Coli in the raw and treated water. At the large plants
considerable additional laboratory work is carried on and a few make
determinatlns for chlorine, carbon dioxide, nitrites, and nitrates.
The accompanying chart gives the location and name of each of
the hundred water filtration plants together with the name of the
district in which water is furnished, population of the district, num-
Digitized by VjOOQlC
942
KIGUTH ANNUA!- UEPOKT OF THE
Off. Doc.
PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC WATER
Location and Name.
Water rornlahed.
1. Apollo, Apollo Water Worke €k>.,
2. Beaver Valley Water Co., Bast Vale Plant,
3. Beaver Valley Water Co.. New Brighton
Plant
4. Bloomsburg, Bloomsburg Water Co
5. Bristol. Municipal Water Works
6. BrookvlUe, Municipal Water Works
7. Butler, Butler Water Co
8. Cambridge Springs, Municipal Water Works
9. Canonsburg, Nortb Strabane Water Co
10. Canton, Citizens Water Co.,
U. Carlisle, Carlisle Qas and Whter Co
12. Charlerol. Tridties Water Co
18. Chester, New Chester Water Co
14. Clarion, Clarion Water Co
15. Coatesvllle. Municipal Water Works
16. Columbia, Columbia Water Co
17. Connellsville, Connellsville Water Co
Ig. Danville, Municipal Water Works
19. Danville, Danville State Hospital Water
Works
30. Eagles Mere, Eagles Mere Water Co
Zl. Bast Greenville, Municipal Wator Works, ..
22. Elisabeth, Monongabela Valley Water Co..
?3. Bllwood City, Ellwood Water Co.,
24. Bnola. Dauphin Consolidated Water Co., ..
25. Ernest, Jefferson and Cl^rfleld Coal and
Iron Co.,
25. Palls Creek. Municipal Water Works
27. Franklin, Municipal Water Works,
2S. Freeport, Freeport Water Works Co..
29. Gettysburg, Gettysburg Water Co
ao. Harrisbnrg, Municipal Water Works,
SI. Holmesburg, Pblla. and Bristol Water Co.,
82. Hummclstown, Hummelstown Cons. Water
Co
8S. Huntingdon, Huntingdon Water Supply Co.,
84. Huntingdon. Penna. Industrinl Reformatory.
35. Indiana, Clymer Water Co.
36. Iselln. Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co
37. Jenkintown, Moreland Spring Water Oo
38. Jonestown. Lebanon Valley Cons. Water
Supply Oo
3». Klttanning, Armstrong Water Co
40. Lancaster. Municipal Water Works
41. McKeesport. Municipal Water Works
43. Marianna, Marianna Water Co
43. Masontown, Municipal Water Works
44. Mechanicsbarg, Mechanicsburg Gas and
Water Co
46. Media. Municipal Water Work
46. Middletown. Middletown and Swatara Cons.
Water Co..
47. Monongabela, Monongabela City Water Co.,
48. Montgomery, Montgomery Water Co..
49. Natrona. Natrona Water Co..
50. New Bethlehem, Citizens Water Co
51. Newcastle, City of Newcastle Water Co.,
52. New Cumberland. Riverton Cons. Water Co.
53. New Kensington, Kensington Water Co., .
54. Newport. Newrort Home Water Co
66. Norristown. Norristown Insurance and
Water Co
66. Northeast. Municipal Water Works
67. Parkers Landing, Parker City Water Co.,
58. Perkasle. PerkaHie Water Supply Co
69. Phila.: Mnnlcipal Water Works. Upper
Rozborough Plant
M. Phila.: Municipal Water Works. Ix>wer
Roxborongh Plant
61. Pblla.: Unnlcli»ai Water Works, Belmont
Plant,
Apollo— Leechbntg— West Apollo— Panlton-OlcU
homa.
Beaver Valley Towns
Beaver Valley Towns,
Bloomsburg
Bristol,
Brookville
Butler,
Cambridge Springs.
CanoQsburgl,
Canton and vicinity
Carlisle
Charlerol— Monessen—Donora and their environ*
Chester and suburbs
Clarion
Coatesvllle
Columbia
Connellsville and suburbs
Danville,
State Hospital for Insane,
Eagles Mere
East Grienville and vicinity,
Monongabela Valley towns
Ellwood City and suburbs
Enola
Ernest Village
Falls Creek,
Franklin and suburbs
Freeport and suburbs,
Gettysburg
Harrisburg and suburbs
N. Phila. suburban wards
Hummelstown and part of Swatara Twp
Huntingdon and suburbs
Penna. Industrial Reformatory
Indiana,
Iselln Village
Jenkintown and vicinity,
Lebanon and suburban dists
Klttanning and Wlckboro, •
Lancaster and suburbs
McKeesport
Marianna
Masontown
Mechanicsburg and suburbs
McHlia— Moylan— Wallingford.
Middletown and suburbs,
Monongabela and vicinity
Mon tgomenr
Harrison Twp., Allegheny Co..
New Bethlehem and vicinity,
Camp Hill— Riverton-^hlremanstown-\Vf!(t Fair
view— Wormleysburg *
New Kensington — Pamassos- Arnold and Nort3
Burrell Township.
Newport and vicinity,
Norristown and Bridgeport
Northeast,
Parkers landing and vicinity
Perkasie
Philadelphia
Philadelphia.
PhlUdelphia
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSION P]U OF HEALTH.
943
FILTRATION PLANTS— 1913.
5
3
li
15
3fi
Source of Supply.
Filter iDBtalled.
(Oontlnued on p.
946 and p. M&)
6,600 ;
24.400
12.300
7.600
9.200
3,300
a>,700
2.00Oh>,000
K.OOO
2.500 '
10,000 I
S2,0CO
43,000
2.600 I
12.000 ,
ll.iiOO'
15.000 I
7,500 I
1.700 1
8001
1.400 '
17,500 I
4.500,
1,000
1.800 ,
1.300
ll.OOO
3,JiOO ,
4.000
70.000
25.000
11.000
7.500
80O
5,700
1.500
5.000
25.000 1
9.000
50.000
42.500
1.200 I
900
5,000
6.000 I
6,000 I
s.oool
1.500
6,000 '
2,100 I
36.600
6.000
12.600:
2,200 I
S5.000,
2.600:
1.600 I
3.000 I
82.300 I
63. GOO
361.000 I
60
5.500 '
20.000
10.000
7.000
7.000
8.000
16.000
4.00O
6.000
2.000
10,000
30.000
39.000
3.600,
11.000
11,000
13.500 1
7.000
1.700
800
I.IOO
14.000 <
3.800
9oO
l.SOO
900
9.000
2.400
3.900
70,000
25,000
8,000
6.C00
800
5.000
1,500
2.000
8,000
7.500
48.000
42.000
1,200 I
900 ,
4.600
5.500 '
6.000'
6.S00
310
5.000
1.500
8^.000
2.200
12.000
2.000
38.000
2.600
1.000
700
82.500
68.500
261.000
, I
McKees Run '1907
Falls Creek. 1 ....
French Creek and Wells, 1865
.Vllegheny River, 18>>4
Marsh Creek 1847
SuBquchanna Riv*»r 11843
Sandy Run and Pcnnypack Creek, .. ,1888
0.460 Beaver Run j 1888
4.300 Beaver River '1875
2.000 Beaver River •. ; 1876
l.O'W Fishing Creek 1877
1.00«J Delaware River 11875
O.SoO North Fork Creek '1883
2.SK) Connoquessing Creek and Thorn Run, , 1878
0.150 French Creek 1898
0.900 Little Chartfcr's Creek 1892
0.450 M.ll Creek and Nephawln Lake. , 1878
1.L50 CoiiedoKulnet Creek 1S6«
3.250 Monongahela River 11890
4.000 Delaware River I 1868
0.860 Drilled Wells 1875
1.260 Sucker Run, 1 1867
1.000 ' Suflquehanna River 1 1826
1.500 I Youghiogheny River, 1898
1.000 I N. Branch Susquehanna River ! 1873
0.750 I N. Branch Susquehanna River 1 1900
0.100 , Eagles Mere I^ke, 1902
0.070 Perkiomen Creek '1894
1.400 I Monongahela River I 1895
2.600 . Slippery Rock Creek. . .'. I 1892
0.100 , Susquehanna River and Wells, 1906
0.080
0.022
1.000
0.650
0.500
9.:)00
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.300
0.500
o.oto
0.400
0.800
1.200
7.700
4.000
0.125
0.065
0.500
0.500
0.550
0.580
0.100
0.400
0.1 SO
3. coo
0.500
2.250
0.1:6
2.600
0.22ri
0.100
0.100
15.300
11.300
86.500
Swatara Creek,
Standing Stone Creek
Juniata River
Two Lick Creek,
Iloopers Run and Blackleg Creek, ...
Penny pack Creek 11 nd Artesian Wells.
Big Swatara Creek
Allegheny River.
Conestoga Creek,
Youghiogheny River
Ten Mile Creek
Monocgahela River
Yellow Breeches Creek and Springs.
Ridley Creek
Swatara Greek and Iron Mine Run,
Monongahela River
Black Hole Creek and Drilled Well,
Springs and Allegheny River.
Red Bank Creek
Shenango River.
Yellow Breeches Creek,
1887
. 1R8.-)
, 18&9
1S98
19W
; 1909
I 1910
I 1871
18S8
' 1883
' 1908
I 1911
I 1858
I 1854
' 1885
I 1887
, 1898
I 1908
11883
, 1882
IMS
6-1892; 4-1900
6-1904: 2-1907
1918
1906
1912
4-1902; 2-1903: 4-1906
1908
2-1910: 3-1911-
1¥99
1896
6-1911 ; 4-1918
12-1903: C-1908
1902
1912
1903
190O
1905-1913
1-1903; 1-19(K); 2-1909
1910
1918
1901
mo
1906
1907
1911
1908
1894; Rebuilt 1912
1S05
1-1888; 3-1893; 2-1907
1909
6-1900; 6-1910
1918
1908
1906
1910
1911
1905
1906
1908
1911
1911
1909
1898-1901
1910
1904
1912
1910 •
1-1899: 1-1908
8-1898; 4-1904' 4-1912
' 1912 I
Allegheny River,
Juniata River. . .
Schuylkill River,
Sixteen Mile Run and Springs,
Allegheny River.
Railroad Run
Schuylkill River.
Schuylkill River.
Schuylkill River,
I 1890,
1893 '
, 1847 I
1886
i 1S91 I
' 1911 '
I
I 1869
1869
1869
1912
1913
1909
1901
1906
1»12
1912
1903
1900
1906
Digitized by
Google
944
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC WATER
Location and Name.
Water Fnmiahed.
62. Phila.: Municipal Water Works. Torrea-
dale Plant,
63. Pbila.: Municipal Water Works, Queen
Lan« Plant
64. Plttsbtorgh. Municipal Water Works
65. PottBtown, Pottatown Gas and Water Co.,
66. Punxsutawney. Punxsutawney Water Co.,
67. Quarry ville. Quarryrllle Water Co
68. Reading, Municipal Water Works, Bgel-
man Plant,
69. Heading, Municipal Water Works. Antlc-
tam Plant
70. Reading, Municipal Water Works, Bern-
hart Plant,
71. Reading, Municipal Water Works, Maiden
Creek Plant.
72. Rldgwny. Municipal Water Works
73. Royersford, Home Water Co.,
74. St. Benedict, St. Benedict Water Co
75. Sayre and Athens, Sayre Water Co
76. Scranton, Scranton Gas and Water Co., ..
77. Sharon, Sharon Water Works Co
78. South Bethlehem, Bethlehem City Water
Co
79. South Bethlehem, Bethlehem Steel Co
80. South Pittsburgh, So. Pittsburgh Water
Co
81. Springleld Cons. Water Co., Neshaminy
Falls Sta.,
82. Springfield Cons. Water Co., Pickering
Creek Sta.,
83. Springfield Cons. Water Co., Pickering
Creek Sta.,
84. Springfield Cons. Water Co., Springfield
Sta
86. Spring Grove, P. H. Qladfelter Co
86. Steelton, Municipal Water Works,
87. Sunbury, Sunbury Water Co
88. Tarentum, Allegheny Valley Water Co
89. Vandergrlft, Vandergrift Water Co
90. Washington, Citlsens Water Co.
91. Warren, Warren Water Co.,
92. Waynesburg, Waynesburg Water Co
98. Wernersvllle, State Hospital Water Works,
94. West Consbohocken, West Conshohocken
Water Co
96. West Pittsburgh, West Pittsburgh Water
Co
96. West Reading. West Reading Water Co., .
97. Wllklnsburg, Pennsylvania Water Co
95. Wilkcs-Barre. Spring Brook Water Supply
Co
99. Wilkea-Barre, Spring Brook Water Supply
Co
100. York, York Water Co
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia
Part of Greater Pittsburgh, .
Pottstown and Suburbs
Punxsutawney and Big Run, .
Quarry vlUe
Reading,
Reading
Beading
Reading, j
Kidgway
Itoyersford and Spring City,
St. Bonodirt Village.
Sayre and Athens
Scranton -Providence Dlst
Sharon and Parrell,
Bethlehem and vicinity, .....
Bethlehem Steel Works
Pittsburgh Suburban Towns, .
Phlla. Suburban Towns
Phlla. Suburban Towns
Phlla. Suburban Towns,
Phlla. Suburban Towns
Spring Grove
Steelton
Sunbury
Tarentum and vicinity,
Vandergrlft and viclnty
Washington and suburbs, ...
Warren,
Waynesburg and vicinity, ...
Wernersvllle State Hospital, .
West Conshohocken
W. Pittsburgh and vicinity, .
W. Reading and Wyomlssing,
Wllklnsburg and vicinity. ...
Wilkes-Barre and suburbs, ...
Wllkes-Barre and suburbs, ...
York and suburbs
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
FILTRATION PLANTS, 1913— CJontinued .
945
a
if
•s*
V
«j
a
Ig
1
1
o
" o
Source of Supply.
•
1
Filter luBtalled.
Table continued on
1
Z
1
p
s
p. m.
1.096,000 1,008,000 I 192.200 , Delaware River,
102.000
633,000
17.000
10.000
750
3,000
2S,000
18.000 !
57,000
5.500
5,900
800
10,600'
UtO.OOO
25.000
25,000
10.000
90.000
33.000
22,000
80.000
1.500
16.500,
14,000
11.600
4.000
20.000
11,000
5,000
1,000
I
3,200
800
2,600
75.000
100.000
80.000
00.000
102.000,
850,000'
16.000
9,000
600
18.000 '
67,000 I
5.000
5.000
700
9.500
60,000
20,000
23,000
10,000 !
00.000'
18,000
26.400
17.600-
50,000'
1,500 I
15,600 '
13,500
11,000 I
3.500 ,
14.000
8.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
600
2.500
70,000
70.000
60,000
56.000
1907
1896
1826
49.900 ' Schujlklll River
89.000 I Allegheny River
2.000 Schuylkill River ,1869
0.900 Glover Run and Mahoning Creek 1887
0.100 McAllisters Run ,
0.400 Spring Run 1908
3.260
2.600
1.000
0.400
0.080
1.600
6.000
2.900
Antietam Creek,
Bemhart Creek.
Maiden Creek, ^
Big Mill Creek
Schuylkill River
Rock Run.
N. Branch Susquehanna River,
I>«ggett Creek,
Sheuango River
4.500 Lehigh River,
0. 660 I Well
7.500'
1.8P0
1.680
MonoDgahela River, . . .
Neshamlny Falls Creek.
Pickering Creek
1880
1821
1889
1888
1903
1884
I 188S
1890
1896
1910
11897
1.12l» , Pickering Creek '1897
4.000 Crum Creek
0.120 W. Branch Codorns Creek,
1.400 ' Susquehanna River,
3.600 Little Sbaniokin Cr. A. Susquehanna R.
2.600 Allegheny River.
0.600 Artesian Wells
1.200 Trib. Chartior's Creek
1.000 Morrison Run and Allegheny River.
0. 100 ; Big and Little Ten MUe Run
0.250 ! Hospital Creek
0.060 ; Wallace Run.
1884
1906
18S4
18S6
1896
1887
1882
1S88
1894
1899
0.060 Beaver River 1902
0.150 Schuylkill River 1886
9.000 Allegheny River 1888
8.000 Huntaville Water Shed 1857
6.000 Crystal l4ike Water Shed. ,1857
4.000 S. Branch Codorns Creek 1816
1907
1911
1906-1909
1900
1910
1912
1908
1906
1910
1913
1908
1893
1904
1904
1910
4-1900; 4-1903
1904
1912
1906
1910
1897
1897
1886
1S96
1908
6-1904; 2-1907
1908
^1897: 1-1906
1902
1906
1902
1911
1913
1911
1896
1910
1896
1895
1899
60—14^1915
Digitized by
Google
9:16
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC WATER
Kind of Filter.
^
m
M
^
B
a
5
fl
a
9
g
VI
O
5
O
o
Z
H
> . s
s S -g °
I ?»
« o « •
&< u ;s 1^
1. Harlow Slow Sand
2. Jewell Rapid Sand
8. Plttsbuisrh Filter Mf|r. Go. Bapld Sand.
4. Pittsburgh Filter Mtg, Co. Rapid Sand,
5. Jewell Rapid Sand,
6. American Water Softener Co. Rapid Sand
7. Am. Water Wks. and Guarantee Co.
Rapid Sand,
8. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co., Rapid Sand,
9. American Water Softener Co. Rapid Sand
10. N. Y. Continental Jewell Rapid Sand, ..
11. Morrison Jewell Rapid Sand,
12. Chester and Fleming Rapid Sand,
13. Roberts and Hodkinson Rapid Sand
14. N. Y. Continental Jewell Rapid Sand. ..
15. Am. Water Soft. Co. Pressure Rapid Sand
16. Pittsburgh FUter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand,
17.. N. Y. Continental Jewell Pressure Rapid
Sand.
18. Jewell Rapid Sand. Remodeled by Chester
& Fleming,
19. Jewell and Amer. Softener Co. Rapid
Sand
20. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand
a. N. Y. Continental Jewell Rapid Sand, ..
22. N. Y. Cont. Jewell Pressure Rapid ?and,
23. Chapin Rapid Sand,
24. Roberts Rapid Sand
25. Pittsburgh Filter Mffr. Co. Rapid Sand,
26. Hess and Houghton Slow Sand
27. Greer Rapid Sand.
!». Oreer Rapid Sand,
29. N. Y. Contlnentfll Jewell Rapid Sand,
30. Jas. H. Fuertes Rapid Sand,
31. N. Y. Cont. Jewell and Roberts Pressure
Rapid Sand
82, Pittsbureh Filter Mfg. Co.. Rapid Sand.
38. A. P. MRi?nen Seml-Rapld Sand
34. Amer. Water Soft Co. Pressure Rapid
Sand
3R. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand
36. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand.
37. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand, ..
38. C. E. Shanp Rapid Sand
39. A. P. Maignen Semi-Rapid Sand,
40. A. P. Maignen Semi-Rapid Sand
41. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co, Rapid Sand,
44. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand
43. Cheater and Fleming Rapid Sand
44. Pittsbureh Filter Mfg. Co. Ranld Sand.
45. Robt, WithcrlU Pressure Rapid Sand. ..
46. C, B, Shaup Rapid Sand
47. W. B. Scalfe and Sons Rapid Sand
48. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand. ..
4». W. B. gcalfe and Sons Rapid Sand
2.00
3.G0
1.60
2.00
1,00
5,00
1.00
2.90
0.25
1,20
5.0O
10.00
0.75
1.00
2.00
2,00
1,40
0.50
0.85
2.25
3,D)
0.04
0,50
0.60
1.00
1.00
15.00
3.00
2.0U
0.80
1.00
1,00
0,06
1.50
3.00
2.00
9,00
30 days. . .
4 hours. ,
3 hours. .
4 hours, .
2.5 hours,
2.6 hours,
None,
1 hour, . ,
3.5 hours,
12 hours, .
None
3.5 hours,
80 hours.
3 hours. .
4S min,, ..
4 hours. .
4 hours, .
6 hours,
45 mln...
None, . ,
10 hours,
12 hours,
4 hours.
2 hours.
4 hours.
2 hours.
8 hours,
8 hours,
6,4 hours.
24 hours.
8 hours,
2 hours.
None, . .
None, . .
None, ,,
! 3 hours. .
4 hours, .
24 hours,
2.35 hour?.
«,0O 10 hours,
0.60
0,08
0.50
1,00
1.00
2.00
0.57 j
0.60
4 hours,
3,5 hours.
6 hours.
None, ,.,
7.0 j +
+ + .
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
12.0 I
+ - +
+ ■ +
+ +
+ +
+ ■ +
5.0
+
+
-
4.0
1.3
+
+
-f-
+
+
+
-1-
2.5
11.0
+
+
+
■4-
+
6.0
+
■f-
— 4-
— +
6.0 + , +
4.0
4.0 +
5.5 ; —
7.1 i +
5.5 ' +
2.0 I +
3.0 -f
- 4-
± z\t
+ - -
0.6
2 hours 1.0
1.5 hours 6.8
4 hours, 6.0
3 hours,
Digitized by
+
+
4-
-i-
4- ,
- 4-
4- ^
4- -
^12.0 -fj 4-:
zedbyGocbgle
- +
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
FILTRATION PLANTS, 1913— CJontinued .
m1
other CbemicalB.
Analyses.
Cbemlcal.
Remarks.
Partial.
Complete.
Bacteriolo-
gical.
' it
'■ ¥
None
None
Bi-weekly. ..
Weekly.
Sedimentation in
dam.
None.
Chlorinated lime, iron
snlpbate
Chlorinated lime, iron
snlpbate,
Chlorinated lime, ...
Cblortaated lime. ...
None,
None
Sodinm carbonate,
chlorinated Ume. ..
Chlorinated lime. ...
Chlorinated lime. ...
Chlorinated lime, ...
Sodium carbonate. ...
Chlorinated lime, ...
None
Chlorinated lime. ...
Chlorinated lime. ...
Calcinm oxide
Calcinm oxide, chlori-
nnted lime, sodium
thlosulphate
Daily.
None Three per week Weekly,
Daily None. ...
Daily None. ...
Daily. None, ...
None None, ...
Daily. None, ...
Dally None. ...
None, None.
None, None. ...
None, Monthly.
Three per weel Weekly,
Semi-weekly. None. ..
Dally I Weekly.
None I Weekly,
Three per week' Weekly.
I
Semi-weekly, , Weekly,
None ' None. . .
None, ' Monthly.
Monthly , None. ..
Daily None Occasional, . None. ..
None, None Threeperweel Weekly,
Daily None Weekly -Weekly,
None None None Weekly,
Daily, None None, i None, ..
Dally None,
Daily.
None,
Weekly.
. . Weekly,
I
Monthly ' None.
Chlorinated lime.
None
None.
Calcium oxide, ...
None
Chlorinated lime.
None.
Chlorinated lime.
Daily, None, Weekly Weekly,
None None, None None, .
None, None, None None, .,
Daily None Weekly. ... Weekly.
Weekly None Weekly. ... Weekly,
None None > Monthly ' Weekly.
None ' None. None, i None. .
None.
None,
None None.
Calcium oxUe Daily ' None Weekly.
Weekly,
None
Chlorinated lime, ....,
Calcium oxide, chlori-
nated lime
None.
None,
None.
Chlorinated lime.
None
None
Chlorinated lime, ....
None '
None
Calcium oxide, chlori-
nated lime,
Chlorinated lime-Iron
sulphate. calcium
oxide A rodium csr-
booate
Sodium carbonate. ...
Chlorinated lime, so-
dium carbonate.
None
None
None,
None.
None.
None,
None, , None , None i Weekly,
None, _ None Weekly , Weekly,
Dally Weekly Dally Weekly,
Dally, None Threeperweek \one. ..
Dally None Weekly ' Weekly,
None, None None, None. .,
None, I None, None None. ..
Occasional. .. None Occasional. ' Occas., ,
None None ' None i None. .,
Daily None Daily Weekly.
Dally None. Weekly Weekly.
None, None, None [ None. .,
None, Weekly Dally Weekly.
Daily OecaBlon"!. Daily W^eekly.
None None None None. ..
Daily None i Bi-inonlhly. . - None. ..
None None None Weekly.
None, None None ' None. ..
Daily None ,...' Weekly ' Weeklv.
None None None Weekly.
None, None, None Weekly,
Sedimentation In
dam.
Sedimentation in
dam.
Not continuously
operated.
About 20% un-
> filtered from
I McCoys Run.
not
Well water
filtered.
Sedimentation in
dam (6,000,000
ffals.)
Well water used
as additional
supply.
Auxiliary supply.
Sedimentation in
dam.
Sedimentation in
dam.
None.
None None,
Well water not
filtered.
None. ... Spring water not
filtered^
Digitized by VjOOQlC
94S
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
PBNJ
fSYLVANI
A. PUBLIC WATER
^
S>
^
1
1
t
1
Kind of Filter.
a
a
53
ec
M
d
9
g
3
5
a
-
-
s
1
i
!
a
O
2
fi
1
s
6
0$
4
9
<
N. Y. Cont. Jewell and Beisert Rapid
Sand, :
51. N. Y. Ck)nt. Jewell and Amer. W. ft G.
Co. Rapid Sand,
O.SO 10 hoars,
8.00
2.0 If +
6 boars, | 5.5' + !+ +
52. Pittsbargh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand.
58. Pittsbargh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand,
64. C. B. Sbaap Rapid Sand
66. N. Y. Cont. Jewell Rapid Sand
66. Hangerford-Ten7 Pressure Rapid Sand,
67. Pittsbargh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand.
68. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid tia^d. .. '
59. Slow Sand
60. Slow Sand (PreUminary Filters), J
61. Slow Sand (PreUmiaary Filters) '
62. Slow Sand (PreUmlnary Filters)
68. Slow Sand (Preliminary Filters), ...
64. Slow Sand
4 '
S!
1.50 7 hours,
3.00 3.5 hours,
0.25 8 hours,
4.00 2.5 hoars,
0.30 None, ...
0.15
0.20
20.00
7 hours,
2 hours,
9 days.
4.0
3.3
8.0 ,
2,0
1.5
5.0
3.0
0.2
12.00 ,1.25 days.
40.00 1.60 days.
66.
67.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
£5.
N. Y. Cont. Jewell Rapid Sand
Greer Pressure Rapid Sand
Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand. ..
Slow Sand
Slow Sand,
Slow Sand
Slow Sand
Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand
Morrison A Jewell Rapid Sand,
Norwood Engrg. Co. Pressure Rapid Sand
Robt. Witberill Co. Pressare Rapid Sand,
N. Y. Cont. Jewell Rapid Sand,
N. Y. Cont. Jewell & Pittsburgh Filter
Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand.
5
IS
63 240.00 I None, ...
22 70.00 . 3.5 days,
46 120.00 20 hours.
0.4
0.2
A. P. Maignen Semi-Rapid Sand
Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Hand. ..
Amer. Water Wks. & Guarantee Co.
Rapid Sand
4.00 3.5 hours,
2.00 I 6 hours,
0.24 I 4 hours.
0.60 16 hours.
5.25 None. ...
4.50 3 hours,
15.00
1.00 2 hours,
l.ZTj 2.5 hours,
0.12 . None, ...
4.00 I None, ...
6.00 40 min., .
4.00 ' 8 hours,
6.00 4 days. .
0.^ 2 boors.
4.0 j
J. W. Ledonz Pressure Rapid Sand
Warren Rapid Sand, :
Slow Sand
J. W. Ledouz Pressure Rapid Sand
Warren ft Norwich Eng. Co. Rapid
Sand,
14 14.00 17 hours.
tit
+ ■-
+ 1 +
3.00 ' 48 hours, . .
2.40 60-72 hours,
1.60 ; 60-72 hours,
5.40 I 48 hours. ..
6.00 None
0.6 ; +
2.0 +
.... +
+
+
.+
+
-f
It
+
1 +
+
+
+
'tT
+ +
i:: t'
- +■
+;±
+1-
+
, +
; +
- : +
+ +
— 1 +
— +
T t
— +
86. J. H. Fuertes Slow Sand,
87. Pittsbargh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand.
88. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand. ..
89. N. Y. Cont. Jewell ft Ro>iert8 Rapid S«nd
90. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand,
91.
Amer. Water Wks. ft Guarantee Co.
Rapid Sand <>
93. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand, i 2
98. Chester ft Fleming Rapid Sand, 2
94. Roberts Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand 1
96. W. B. Scalfe Rapid Sand 2
3.00 15 min., ..
4.00 1.25 hoars.
2.1 +
5.7 '+ I
3.00 2 hours, , _
l.f>0 20 min | .... + ,
3.00 12 min lO.O . —
3.00 2.5 hours, 3.6 + +
1.00 None -_ ! Z . _ j.
0.65 5 hours 2.0 '' "
0.13 8 hours I ....
0.24 4.5 hours. 1.5
+
+
Warren-Jewell Rapid Sand 1 0.30 0.5 hours. ; 8.0,— +
97. Pittsburgh Filter Mfg. Co. Rapid Sand, in lO.OO 7 hours,
»R. Morrlson-Jewoll Rapid Sand, 20 8.00 None,
99. Morrison-Jewell Rapid Sand 12 6.O0 None.
100. N. Y. Cont. Jewell Rapid Sand,
12 9.00 10 days 0.6 +
' I I I
.... - + - _
Digitized by
Google
*ir
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
PILTRAIION PLANTS, 1913— Continued.
949
Other ChemicalB.
Sodium carbonate, ...
Chlorinated lime, cal-
dam oxide ,
Chlorinated lime
Chlorinated lime
None
Cblorloated lime. ...,
Chlorinated lime. ....
Chlorinated lime
Chlorinated lime. ....
Chlorinated lime,
chlorine.
Chlorinated lime,
chlorine
Chlorinated lime,
chlorine.
Chlorinated lime,
chlorine
Chlorinated lime,
chlorine
Calcium oxide, chlor-
inated lime,
Chlorinated lime. ....
None
Chlorinated lime. ...
None
None ,
None
None,
None
None,
None
None
None
Chlorinated lime, cal-
cium oxide,
Chlorinated lime. ...
Chlorinated lime. .
Caldnm oxide, iron
sulphate
None
None
None
None
None
Caldnm oxide, chlor-
inated lime,
None
None
None.
None
None
None
Chlorinated lime, ...
None,
Caldnm oxide, iron
■niphate and sodlnm
^ carbonate.
None
None, i
None ,
None ,
Chlorinated limr, ...
Analyaes.
Chemical.
Partial.
Complete.
I
Dally None,
Dkily
None,
Dally
None,
None,
Semi-weeicly,
None,
None,
Daily,
Daily,
Daily,
Daily,
Daily.
Daily,
None,
None,
None,
Daily,
Daily,
Daily.
Daily.
None,
None,
None,
None.
Daily.
Daily. .
None, .
Weekly.
Daily,
Dally,
Daily,
Dally.
Daily,
None,
Daily
Dally
None,
None,
None,
Dally
None
Weekly. .
None
Daily.
None,
Daily
Semi-w6ekly,
Semi-weekly,
Daily, ,
None,
None,
None,
None,
None,
None,
None.
None,
Bi-weekly.
Daily,
Bi-weekly, .. Daily,
Bi-weekly,
Bacteriolo-
gical.
Occasional.
Dally
Weekly, . .
Occasional.
Occasional.
Bi-weekly.
None,
Bi-weekly,
None
Dally,
Weekly Dally.
Bi-weekly,
Weekly.
None. .
None, .
None, .
Weekly,
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly,
None. .
None. .
None. .
None. .
Weekly,
Dally.
Daily,
Bi-weekly,
Monthly, .,
None
I>aily
Daily
Dally
Dally
None
None
None
Occasional.
Daily
S**n® Occasional.
None Bi-weekly.
None Monthly, ..
None,
None,
None,
None.
None,
None.
Dally.
Daily,
Daily.
Dally.
Dally.
None,
None Daily,
None ! Dally,
None.
None.
None.
None,
None.
None.
None.
None
Occnsional.
None
Daily
None
Occnsional,
N"one,
None, . .
None. ..
None, . .
None, . .
None, . .
Weekly.
Bi-weekly. ,.
None
Dally
Semi-weekly,
Semi-weekly,
Dally
S
53
None,
Weekly,
Weekly,
None. . . .
Weekly.
Monthly.
Weekly,
Monthly.
Monthly,
Yearly, .
Yearly, .
Yearly, .
Yearly, .
Yearly, .
Yearly, .
Weekly. .
Monthly.
None, . , .
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly, .
None, . . .
None, ...
None, . . .
None, . . .
Monthly.
Weekly,
Bi-weekly!
Weekly,
Weekly.
Weekly,
Weekly.
Weekly,
Weekly.
None. . .
Monthly.
Monthly,
None, . .
None, . .
None, . .
We'^kly.
None. . .
Weekly,
None. . .
Weekly.
Monthly.
Monthly.
None, . .
None, . .
Weekly,
Remarks.
Raw averages 12
p. p. m. aci-
dity.
Auxiliary supply.
Sedimentation in
dam.
Auxiliary supply.
Auxiliary supply.
fiedimentation in
dam. addition-
al IndTistriaJ
sinT>nly to paper
mill.
Sedimentation in
dam.
Sedimentation in
dam.
Peat colored
water.
Digitized by
Google
950 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPOll'J? OF THE Off. Do<!.
ber of consumers, million gallons consumed a day, source of supply,
date when the water works was built and the purification plant in-
stalled, the kind of filters used, number of filter units in each plant,
number million gallons capacity, sedimentation period, the frequency
with which analyses and reports are made and data concerning the
equipment of the plant and chemical used in treating the water.
INSTRUCTIVE INFORMATION CONCERNING WATER PURIFICATION IN
PENNSYLVANIA
From the chart submitted it appears that there are 100 water filtra-
tion plants furnishing water to the public within the State of Penn-
sylvania. In construction these 100 plants represent three types as
follows:
Rapid sand , 82
Semi-rapid sand 4
Slow sand, 14
Total, 100
The following table shows the capacity and delivery of each type of
plant:
Capacity, 14 slow sand plants, 534.350 mil . gals, or 60.51%
Capacity, 4 semi-rapid sand plants, 17.800 mil. gals, or 2.31%
Capacity, 82 rapid sand plants 216.630 mil . gals . or 28. 18%
Total capacity, . . 100 filtration plants, 768.780 mil. gals, or 100.00%
Delivery, 14 slow sand plants, 411.352 mil. gals, or 73.81%
Delivery , 4 semi-rapid sand plants, 14.400 mil . gals, or 2.58'???
Delivery 82 rapid sand plants, 131.580 mil. gals, or 23.61%
Total delivery, . . 100 filtration plants, 557.332 mil. gals, or 100.00';;
Seventy-two of the 100 water purification plants are operated by
companies, twenty-five are operated by municipalities and three are
operated by public institutions. The seventy-two company plants
have a capacity of 196.25 million gallons or 25.53% of the total ca-
pacity of the 100 plants. The twenty-five municipal plants have a
capacity of 569.48 million galons or 74.07% of the total. The three
public institutional plants have a capacity of 3.05 million gallons or
0.40% of the total. The seventy -two company plants deliver 119.450
million gallons which is 21.43% of all water filtered. The twenty-
five municipal plants deliver 436.582 million gallons which is 78.34%
of all the water filtered. The three institutional plants deliver 1.300
million gallons or 9,23% of all the water filtered.
During the year 1913, six new water filtration plants were placed
in operation. Five of these plants are of the rapid sand type and
one is of the slow sand type. Of the new rapid sand plants two are
operated by companies, two by municipalities and one by a public
institution. The one new slow sand plant is operated by a munici-
pality. The five new rapid sand j)lants have a capacity of 5.98 mil-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. , COMMISSIONER OV HEALTH. 951
lion gallons, which increased the capacity of this type over 1912 by
2M%, The one new slow sand plant has a capacity of 15.00 million
gallons which increased the capacity of this type over 1912 by 2.88%.
The five new rapid sand plants have a total delivery of 3.68 million
gallons which increased the delivery of this type over 1912 by 2.88%.
The one new slow sand plant has a delivery of 8.00 million gallons,
which increased the delivery over 1912 of this type of plant by 1.98%.
The six new plants have a total capacity of 20.98 million gallons
which is an increase of 2.81% over the total capacity of all the
plants operating in 1912. The six new plants have a total delivery
of 11.68 million gallons which is an increase of 2.12% of the total
daily delivery of all the plants operating in 1912.
During the year 1913 one plant was enlarged. The Tri-Cities
Water Company added four one-half million gallon units to its plant
in Charleroi, thereby increasing the capacity from three to five mil-
lion gallons a day. The municipal plant at Danville was remodelled
and newly equipped, but the capacity was not increased.
The population of the districts in which filter plants are operated
is approximately four million, or about 50% of the total population
of the State, and 67% of the urban and suburban population.
The population of the districts served by the three types of filters
is as follows:
District population served by slow sand plants, 2,300,000 or 57.50%
District population served by semi-rapid sand plants, 92,000 or 2.30%
District population served by rapid sand plants, 1,608,000 or 40.20%
The population receiving filtered water, known as consumers, is
3,306,260, or 40.78% of the total population and approximately 60%
of the urban and suburban population.
The consumers are served filtered water from the three types of
plants as follows:
Consumers served by slow sand plants 2,097,500 or 63.44%
Consumers served by semi-rapid sand plants, 85,000 or 2.57%
Consumers served by rapid sand plants, 1,123,760 or 33.99%
The population of the districts served by the six new filtration
plants is 81,500. This is an increase over 1912 of 2.19%. The popu-
lation receiving filtered water from the six new plants is 80,900. This
is an increase over 1912 of 2.51%.
The district population served by the seventy-two company,
twenty-five municipal and three institutional filtration plants is as
follows :
District population served by company slow sand plants, 29,000 or 1.95%
District population served by company semi-rapid sand plants, — 41,500 or 2.79%
District population served by company rapid sand plants, 1,416,000 or 95.26%
District population served by municipal slow sand plants 2,260,000 or 90.04%
District population served by municipal semi-rapid plants, 50,000 or 1.99%
District population served by municipal rapid sand plants 200,000 or 7.97%
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
District population served by institutional slow sand plants,
District population served by institutional semi-rapid sand plants.
District population served by institutional rapid sand plants,....
None.
None.
3,500
Company plants serve a district population of 1,486,500, or 37.16%.
Municipal plants serve a population of 2,510,000, or 62.75%. Insti-
tutional plants serve. a population of 3,500, or 0.09%.
The number of consumers receiving Altered water from the three
types of municipal, company and institutional water purification
plants is as follows:
Consumers served by company slow sand plants; 23,100 or 2.27%
Consumers served by company semi-rapid sand plants, 37,000 or 3.63%
Consumers served by company rapid sand plants, 950,160 or M.10%
Consumers served by municipal slow sand plants, 2,074,400 or 90.85%
Consumers served by municipal semi-rapid sand plants, 48,000 or 7.05%
Consumers served by municipal rapid sand plants, 161. 100 or 2.10%
Consumers served by institutional slow sand plants, None.
Consumers served by institutional semi- rapid sand plants, None.
Consumers served by institutional rapid sand plants, 3,500 or 100.00^
Company plants serve 1,019,260 consumers or 30.83% of the total
number receiving filtered water, municipal plants serve a population
of 2,283,500 or 69.06% and institutional plants serve a population
of 3,500 or 0.11%.
The source of water supply and the number of company, municipal
and institutional plants, using each source, are designated in the
following table:
,
Sources.
^
I
3
3
2
g
S
s
S
-3
o
Rivera,
Small streams,
Rivers and small streams,
Rivers and wella, /.
Small streams and wells
Rivers and springs,
Small streams and springs
Small streams and lakes
Lakes,
Wells,
Total
Surface water only,
Ground water only
Combined surface and ground water,
Total
M
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
0
0
0.
72
25
64
8
5
23
0
2
72
2&
01
89
#7
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
90
S
7
100
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER 0^ HEALTH.
953
The sources of water for the district population receiving Altered
water from company, municipal and institutional plants are shown
in the following table:
Sources.
j
i
1
a
a
^
3
^
a
s
^
Rivers,
Small streams,
Rivera and small streams.
Rivers and wells
Small streams and wells, ,
Rivers and springs
Small streamb and springs.
Small streams and lakes,
Lakea
Wells
ToUl
585,400
2,276.400
2,500
726,350
184.600
1,000
25.000
None.
None.
1.000
None.
None.
6,600
U,000
None.
6.000
None.
None.
6O0O
2.600
None.
2,500
None.
None.
800
None.
None.
16,600
None.
None.
1,326,760
2,474,600
3.600
2,314.800
9U,860
25.000
1.00O
17,600
6,600
7,000
2,600
800
16,600
8,803,760
In the following table is shown the nature of the source of supply
used by each of the three types of filtration plants and the district
population and number of consumers served by each.
Source of Supply and Type of Plant.
^
^
JJ
1
^
«
1
1
JS
§
1
z.
£
Slow sand nsing surface water only,
14
0
0
4
0
0
73
8
7
100
2.286,400
0
0
2,007.600
Slow sand plants using ground water only.
Slow sand plants using ^mbined surface and ground waters,
0
Semi-rapid sand plants nsing surface water only,
01.600
0
0
86,000
Semi-rapid sand plants using ground water only', '
0
Semi-rapid sand plants using combined surface and ground waters,
0
Rapid sand plants nsing surface water only,
1,376,560
16,600
32.700
1,083,800
16.100
Rapid sand plants using ground water only,'
Rapid sand plnnts nidng romhiped "urfaoe Vnd ground waters, ..^.
24 360
Total.
3,808.750
3.306.260
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.
There were eighty-one sewage treatment plants in operation within
the State in 1913. Twelve sewage treatment plants were under con-
struction. An inspection was made of twenty-six of the plants in
ox)eration. The inspections were made to learn the construction,
method of operation and efficiency of the plants.
In the following table appear the name and location of each of the
eighty-one plants in operation, together with the method of treatment
and number of gallons sewage treated each twenty-four hours.
Digitized by
Google
054
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
i
o
9S
S
§i§i§ § § §§ ^liiiiii §§§§§§§§§ s
98a 8 s" s a 8'i is'sagg's s" a s" s s s ss ^ I
tl
^ g t»^^
» O 0) « 0)
00 00 CO 00 OQ
.a
1=
a'
a J"
^!
« >»
§•3
So
.ifi
I.-
I ^ It
t 8
n 5
aa
55
^^
sa
5
a «
85
?«-5
3|5«
P5ce5a5fl
E
a 3
£ -2
a
■a
B S
g S
I t
e ,
IS i
-? 1
2 2
1 ^.
|1
c
i 8
a -
|8 - 8
00 00 OG
aa % a
0C9C « 00
OB'S o *
III ? i
a a
Eh o
.n
116
' E y. te
« 5
a i:
a a
u
8 ..
"^1
I 5
s I i
5 i t! I .-
J « si I :
'i-steh- «
a ?! Si r^ ?:vi » r.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
SSJ
§ §§ i§ ill I II III
III II I I I I II I II I I III I
B{2| 8S" s g s a as I g| "" g' |8""' «■
s 1
Mi
h
ll
Is 5* ;
.If
ill
Hi
2 ££
§8
M Mm
a Pa
S 55
few
©5
a
- as
a ^
a; « °f
* a3
II
a>9
ll
B
I I
a
© 5
I
•i s I
-■ s :
■3 g ^
ill
s
4
llU
II ^
5c
BB ^ 6 a c « a «
i Ig
oca
O.C.C.
555
U C/ o
Med
ll
s
S5 5 S
5 *i ♦;
1-
be"
a
«
a
m
V 5
2 ->
IB •«-' C
s
S S
8 . 2
gg 5
5
£5
I
■S 3
3 I
III 1
ai I
9 i: 9 ?i I B I
11
II
5|S
iii ^iii; •--■-5 -5 ^ VS a ^
cac.
&• 4> 01
fl'2
8S
•g-s -a
55 5
o o
C C.!»r?
115 %
8 8
IS -I
££8 ^
OS OQUOQ S
I
§
§
i
i
I
8
M
o
Ill -
I
5
3
s
•s5
n
II
o a
I ^ ^
1 6^*i
: BO
t ar
2 6e
. rr o o
S ^«=§
2 o c -
. « es C
S fj K >■. Q
^. 88 Sl^ SSS^ % gS3 &$ql 997 !$$ ^ $ 9 S
S :s:s s ^ :%s$ s
Digitized by
Google
d5d
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
§ |"ii i §1 I § i'§ i I I § § in I
iS| s § I § s a S g !« I I §6 8 s
'S
s
p
d
3
o
3 tt^^i^Sa
00 CGOQ OQ M
3i3 S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEAl.TH. «7
The twelve sewage treatment plants under consideration during
1913 were as follows:
1. Allegheny County Home and Hospital for Insane, Collier Township.
2. Bethany Orphans' Home» Heidelberg Township, Berks County.
3. Bristol Borough, Bucks County.
4. Carlisle Borough, Cumberland County.
5. Delaware County Home of Employment, Middletown Township.
6. Ligonier Borough, Westmoreland County.
7. Masonic Home, near Elizabethtown , West Donegal Township, Lancaster
County.
8. Middle Coal Field Poor District, Lehigh Township, Carbon County.
9. Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory, near Huntingdon, Huntingdon County.
10. Pennsylvania State College, Centre County.
11. Scranton Poor District, Hillside Home, Newton Township, Lackawanna
County.
12. State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, Warren County.
The twenty-six sewage treatment plants inspected during the year
1913 were as follows:
1 Brittain, A. R., et al.. East Stroudsburg, Monroe County. ^
2. Bryn Athyn Village Association, Bryn Athyn, Moreland Township, Montgom-
ery County.
3. Buck Hill Falls Company, Buck Hill Falls, Barrett Township, Monroe
County.
4. Chambersburg Borough, Franklin County.
6. Derry Borough, Westmoreland County.
6. Haverford College, Haverford, Haverford Township, Delaware County.
7. Homoeopathic State Hospital for the Insane, near Allentown, Lehigh County.
8. Lebanon City, Lebanon County.
9. Lehigh County Home and Almshouse, South WhitehaU Township.
10. New Wilmington Borough, Lawrence County.
11. Pennsylvania Soldiers' Orphans' Industrial School, Scotland, Franklin
County.
12. Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, near Harrisburg, Dauphin County.
13. Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 1, Mont Alto, Franklin
County.
14. Pennsylvania Training School, Morganza, Washington County.
15. Pleasantville Borough, Venango -County.
16. Philadelphia City (Fenny pack Creek District).
17. Reading Citv, Berks County.
18. Seybert Institution, Meadowbrook, Abington Township. Montgomery County.
19. Schuylkill County Home and Hospital, near Schuylkill Haven.
20. State Hospital for ^he Insane at Danville, Montour County.
21. State Institution for Feeble Minded of Western Pennsylvania, Polk, Venango
County .
22. St. Francis Industrial School, Eddington, Bensalem Township, Bucks
County.
23. Washington and East Washington Boroughs, Washington County.
24. Wayne Sewerage Company, Wayne, Delaware County.
25. West Chester Borough, Chester County (2 plants).
26. Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Middletown Township, Dela-
ware County.
13. SPECIAL WORK.
During the year the Department has continued work upon a sani-
tary survey of the Monongahela River drainage basin, including a
comprehensive investigation of the discharge of mine wastes. The
studies of the sewerage and water works of towns in this district
and their relation to the whole are set forth in the permits and de-
crees issued to these places from time to time and have been enum-
erated in this report under these headings.
Digitized by
Google
i*58 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The special operations looking to the early improvement of sanitary
conditions in the Schuylkill River drainage basin above the Phila-
delphia intakes have been continued during the year. Plans for
sewage treatment works have been approved for some of the towns
and the construction work will be followed up and progress is being
made by other towns toward the same end.
A special sanitaiy patrol of the drainage basin of Perkiomen Creek,
a tributary of the Schuylkill, was conducted during the late summer
and fall for the purpose of lessening the so-called vacation typhoid
in Philadelphia and suburban towns. The Chief Engineer mapped
out the patrol in the field. Further mention is made of this work in
connection with a tyhoid outbreak which occurred in Sellersville.
The operations of the Department in connection with the celebra-
tion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg includ-
ing the erection of an emergency hospital and comfort stations and
the adaption of the water and sewerage systems of the town to the
demands of the occasion are summarily mentioned in the report of
the Section of Design and Construction and detailed in the special
report of the Commissioner.
In addition to the routine work of investigation on which the formal
sewerage and water works permits are based, Assistant Engineers
of the Department conducted special investigations of a number of
nuisances and complaints.
The more important of these special investigations were Buck Hill
Falls Inn sewerage and Wyoming and Swoyersville swamp nuisances
by Assistant Engineer Hooker; Port Clinton private water supplies
by Assistant Engineer Irwin; Carlisle Gas and Water Company and
Orwigsburg sewerage and several of the Schuylkill River towns, re-
ferred to above in a general way, by Assistant Engineer Ennis;
Mechanicsburg Gas and Water Company (broken main) by Assistant
Engineer Moses; Woodlawn sewerage by Assistant Engineer Riddle;
and Landisville sewerage by Assistant Engineer Parke.
Certain special investigations are outlined below under separate
headings.
A-INVKSTIGATION OF SPRINGFIELD WATER COMPANY'S PLANTS
BECAUSE OF TYPHOID FEVER AND COMPLAINTS IN THE DISTRICT.
The public water supply furnished in Lower Marion Township, Montgomery
County, by the Springfield Consolidated Water Company was investigated thoroughly
by officers of this Department in January of the current year and numerous samples
for bacteriological analysis at the D*»partment's Laboratory were collected from
different parts of the distributing system and from the reservoirs and filter planbi
from which water is supplied not only to Lower Merion Township but to about a
hundred thousand other persons in the suburban districts west and southwest of
Philadelphia. The water compnny mnkes regular detail reports to this Depart-
ment of the operations nt its filter plants, us do other companies throughout the
State. Moreover, the Department regularly collects occjisional samples from dif-
ferent parts of the system for bacteriological an ji lysis as a check upon the work oi
the company. ...^ lu *^.,.
The special investigation in January was nuule been use six cases of typhoid fever
had occurred in Ardmore Village. Lower Merion Township; one November 20th
and five from December 20th to 27th, 1912. Earlier in that year there had been a
Digitized by
Google
No. i4. COMMISSIONER OF tiEALTfi. M*
not excessive number of cases scattered throughout the township totalling seventeen
for the year. It was thought best to investigate the public water supply thoroughly.
However, no suspicious circumstances were revealed.
The milk supply and other conditions which might have had a bearing on the
typhoid were looked into by the board of health of Lower Merion Township.
During 1912 the State Department of Health approved and authorized the instal-
lation of improved apparatus to bring the equipment at the Pickering Creek and
Crum Creek filter plants of the Springfield Consolidated Water Company thoroughly
up-todate. These plans were submitted in accordance with the formal requirements
of the Department based upon prior careful investigations of the entire water
works system. Plans were also approved for the installation of a new filtration plant
on Neshaminy Creek to furnish water to the districts of the company east of the
Schuylkill River, previously supplied from the other districts.
The improvements at the old filter plants and the construction of the new filter
plant were completed in accordance with the provisions of this Department during
the summer of 1913 and were placed in commission. Moreover, the reconstruction
of the gravity rapid sand filters, comprising one of the plants at the Pickering Creek
Station, is in progress and will be completed early in the coming year.
A second comprehensive investigation of the system, together with the collection
of samples on a number of days from representative points in the system was made
in the fall of the current year at the same time that the investigation was being con-
ducted in Philadelphia relative to the prevalence of typhoid fever in that city. It
was desired that every precaution should be taken to gunrd again any mishap in
the operation of this extensive suburban water works system at the time when
typhoid fever was so prevalent in the city. The presence of the disease in the
community had made the public unusually suspicious and a number of complaints
were received relative to the Springfield water and it was necessary that this Depart-
ment should keep intimately in touch with the ooeration of the system.
Sanitary inspections of the Crum Creek and Pirkcring Creek drainage areas were
conducted by officers of the Department during the year in accordance with t>ie
established policy and these inspections are referred to under the heading of "Field
Inspection, Improvement of Watersheds, Philadelphia Suburbs.**
B— INVESTIGATION FOLLOWING THE MARCH FLOOD IN THE ALLLE-
GHENY BASIN.
Between March 29th and April 1st, 1913, an investigation was made by Assistant
Engineer Paul Hooker with a view to preventing the outbreak of epidemics fol-
lowing the disastrous flood which occurred in the latter nart of March 1913, af-
fecting the Allegheny River and its western tributaries. The investigation covered
those towns whose water supplies mierht be affected or menaced and where the
scattering of polluting matter in the flooded area might result in an outbreak of
disease, and included Cambridge Springs, Meadville and Franklin along French
Creek and Oil City, Kittanning and Ford City along the AUegheny River.
At Cambridge Springs raw water from French Creek had been pumped into the
nystem and instructions were given covering flushing out of the system, and thorough
disinfection, as well as warning the public to boil all water used for domestic pur-
At Meadville it was ascertained that no raw water had been admitted to the dis-
tributing system.
At Franklin the water supply was not affected by the flood. The local officials were
warned of the danger of an epidemic due to the overflowing of portions of the
town, and cautioned to exercise great care and diligence in the matter of cleaning
and disinfection.
At Oil City raw Allegheny River water had found its way into the distributing
Rvstem through flooding of the pumping station . Instructions were given to disinfect
the system immediately and thoroughly, to clean the reservoirs and flush the mains.
The suggestion was made and carried out by the public authorities that the public
be warned through the press of the danger of an epidemic, and urged to boil all water
and use disinfectants liberally while cleaning up the flooded portions of the town.
At Kittanning the water supply was not contaminated by the flood, but a large
portion of the borough was flooded leaving deposits of mud from one to several
inches in depth. At the suggestion of the Department notices were printed in the
local papers warning the people of the danger of an epidemic, urging them to clean
UD their premises immediately, and quoting a telegram from Doctor Dixon urging
the boiling of water and other precautions. At the suggestion of the Department
r*»pre8entntive arrangements were made for the free general distribution of lime and
also for the disinfection of the streets with chlorinated lime applied by means of a
street sprinkling cart.
At Ford City the water works pumping station was not flooded, but the local of-
ficials were instructed to warn the people to boil the water as an additional pre-
caution. About two-thirds of the town had been flooded to a depth of eieht to ten
feet, and serious damage and ineonvenience resulted. Privies were ex^^ensivelv us*>d
and these were overturned and the contents strewn over the borough along with the
mud deposited by the flood. Following the conference with the local authorities
when the danger of an epidemic was pointed out to them, the matter of cleaning up
61
Digitized by
Google
960 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
was given a strong impetus. The officials of the local plant of the Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Company generously undertook and carried out the task of deaning up and
disinfecting the town.
The fact that no epidemics occurred as a result of the flood and the attendant
menace is undoubtedly due in a large measure to the prompt warnings and effective
precautions taken.
C-PLUMBING OF BERKS COUNTY PRISON.
At the Berks County Prison in Reading modern sanitary plumbing fixtures and
piping were installed during 1913 as the result of a thorough investgiation and
recommendations relative to the former plumbing of the prison by this Department.
This special investigation and report by this Department were made at the in-
stance of the secretary of the State Board of Public Charities and of the Berks
County Prison Board of Inspectors. In accordance with the Department's recom-
mendations, the County Commissioners had comprehensive plans 'prepared for the
renewal of the entire plumbing system of the prison, which plans were approved by
this Department.
IV. FIELD INSPECTION.
There are three distinct kinds of work performed by the sanitary
inspectors.
The first is detail work of stream preservation and is on the up-
land watersheds sparsely populated and of small area where in-
spection and patrol can easily prevent pollution of the waters of
the State, except by accident.
The second is the work on large watersheds whereon may be located
villages, towns and cities, the drainage of which goes into a stream
subsequently used as a source of public water supply. The refine-
ments in sanitation readily accepted as practicable for the upland
watersheds would be impracticable if enforced on these lower water-
sheds. In the latter instance two safeguards are necessary, the
diminution of sewage pollution as far as practicable, and the filtra-
tion of the water supply.
The third kind of work of the field officers relates to various in-
sanitary conditions with respect to disposal of household wastes and
causes of disease and mortality within or without villages, boroughs,
and cities more fully mentioned under "General Sanitation."
The improvement of watersheds whose yield is wholly or materially
drawn upon for domestic consumption has demanded and received
attention in one hundred and fifty-seven instances, involving the
water supply of ten cities, one hundred and fourteen boroughs, twenty
of which are County Seats, twenty five villages, two State Institu-
tions and one County Institution, and five industrial supplies.
14. IMPROVEMENT OF WATERSHEDS.
There were inspected or reinspected during the year eighty-one
thousand and fifty-four properties, located on two hundred and thirty
five watersheds. Of the eighty-one thousand and fifty-four prop-
erties, all were found satisfactory except twenty thousand and seven.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 961
Abatement of nuisances totalling eleven thousand, one hundred and
thirty-four were effected on six thousand, one hundred and fifty-
three of these properties. At the close of the year there were thir-
teen thousand, eight hundred and seventy-nine properties upon which
nuisances remained unabated.
The ten cities whose water supplies were inspected or re-inspected are as foUows:—
Hazleton, Johnstown, Lancaster, New Castle, Philadelphia Suburbs, Reading,
Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, and York.
1. The City of Hazleton, Luzerne County, is supplied with water from Quakake
Creek, by the Wyoming Valley Water Company. Seven of the properties on the
watershed were inspected; and all but two were found to be in a satisfactory con-
dition. The two unsatisfactory properties remained unchanged at the close of the
year.
2. The City of Johnstown, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Johns-
town Water Company from MiU Creek, St. Clair, laurel, Dalton, Hinckston,
Wild Cat, and Salt Lick Runs. Fifty-nine of the properties on the wateraheds
were inspected and all but thirteen were found to be in a satisfactory condition.
Nine pollutions were abated on eight of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving five
properties in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year. Part of the
city is supplied with water by the Morrellville and Cambria Borough Water Com-
pany from Strayer Run. Two unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were re-
inspected, and two pollutions on the two unsatisfactory properties were abated,
leaving all the properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose
of the year.
3. The City of Lancaster, Lancaster County, is supplied with water from the
Conestoga Creek. Eighteen unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were rein-
spected, and sixteen pollutions upon nine of the unsatisfactory properties were
abated, leaving nine properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at
the dose of the year.
4. The City of New Castle, Lawrence County, is supplied with water by the
City of New Castle Water .Company, from the Shcnango River. Eight unsatisfac-
tory properties on the watershed were reinspected and nine pollutions upon five of
the unsatisfactory properties were reported to be abated, leaving three properties
on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
5. Certain Philadelphia suburbs are supplied with water by the Springfield Con-
solidated Water Company from Neshaminy, Crum, and Pickering Creeks. Eleven
hundred and two of the properties on the watersheds were inspected, and all but
one hundred and thirty-nine were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Seventy
pollutions were abated upon thirty-nine of the unsatisfactory properties leaving one
hundred unsatisfactory properties on the watersheds at the close of the year, one
of which was referred to the Department's Attorney for adjustment.
6. The City of Reading, Berks County, is supplied with water from Maiden,
Antietam, and Bemhart Creeks, and Egelman Reservoir. Seven hundred and sixty
of the i^roperties on the watersheds were inspected and all but one hundred and
ninety-six were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Ninety-six pollutions were
abated upon sixty-two of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving one hundred and
thirty-four unsatisfactory properties on the watersheds at the close of the year, one
of which was referred to the Department's Attorney for final adjustment.
7. The City of Scranton, Lackawanna County, is partly supplied with water
by the Scranton Gas & Water Company, from Roaring Brook. Two unsatisfactory
properties on the watershed were inspected, and one pollution upon one of the
unsatisfactory properties was abated, leaving one property on the watershed in an
unsatisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
8. The City of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, is supplied with water by the
Spring Brook Water Supply Company, from Gardner's, Harvey's, Rattlesnake. Pan-
ther, and Mill Creeks, and from Harvey's Lake, Laurel Run, Spring Brook, Falling
Springs, and Huntsville Reservoir. Three hundred and sixty-six of the prop-
erties on the watersheds were inspected, and all but fifty-six were found to be in a
satisfactory condition. Seventy -seven pollutions upon thirty-seven of the unsatis-
factory properties were abated, leaving nineteen unsatisfactory properties on the
watersheds at the close of the year.
9. The City of Williamsport, Lycoming County, is supplied with water by the
Williamsport Gas and Water Company from Mosquito Creek. The fifteen properties
on the watershed were inspected, and all but two were found to be in a satisfactory
condition. The two unsatisfactory properties remained unchanged at the close
of the year.
10. The City of York, York County, is supplied with water from Codurus
Creek. Two hundred and one unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were re-
61—14—1015
Digitized by VjOOQlC
9Gi EtGfiTa ANNUAL REt>ORT Ot" tttB Otf. l>oc.
inspected, and eighty-five pollutions were abated upon thirty-two of the unsatis-
factory properties, leaving one hundred and sixty-nine properties in an unsatis-
factory condition on the watershed at the close of the year.
The itoenty boroughs, which are county seats, whose water supplies were in-
spected, or reinspected, are as follows:
1. Bedford Borough, the County Seat of Bedford CJounty, is supplied with
water from Buffalo Creek. Two unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were
reinspected, and one pollution upon one unsatisfactory property was abated, leav-
ing one property on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close
of the year.
2. Bloomsburg Borough, the County Seat of Columbia County, is supplied
with water by the Bloomsburg Water Company from Fishing Creek. Ten un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed were inspected or reinspected, all of
which remained unchanged at the close of the year.
3. Carlisle Borough, the County Seat of Cumberland County, is supplied
with water by the Carlisle Gas & Water Company from Conodoguinet Creek.
Two thousand and twenty-eight of the properties on the watershed were in-
spected and all but one hundred and ninety-one were found to be in a satisfac-
tory condition. Seventy -one pollutions were abated upon forty-eight unsatisfac-
tory properties, leaving one hundred and forty-three properties on the water-
shed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
4. Chambersburg Borough, the County Seat of Franklin County, is supplied
with water from Hosack and Birch Runs. The nine camps on the watersheds
were inspected and seven of them were found to be in an unsatisfactory condi-
tion. Ten pollutions were abated in the seven unsatisfactory camps, leaving
all camps on the watersheds in a satisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
5. Clearfield Borough, the County Seat of Clearfield County, is supplied with
water by the Clearfield Water Company from Moose and Montgomery Creeks.
Eight camps on the watersheds were inspected and seven of them were found
to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Two pollutions were abated in one un-
satisfactory camp, leaving six camps on the watersheds in an unsatisfactory con-
dition at the close of the year.
6. Doylestown Borough, the County Seat of Bucks County, is supplied with
water from artesian wells, springs, and a tributary to Neshaminy Creek. Two
unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected, and two pollutions
upon the two unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving all properties on
the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
7. Ebensburg Borough, the County Seat of Cambria County, is supplied with
water from Black Lick Creek. One unsatisfactory property on the watershed
was reinspected and one pollution upon the unsatisfactory property was abated,
leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose
of the year.
8. Gettysburg Borough, the County Seat of Adams County, is supplied with
water by the Gettysburg Water Company from Marsh Creek and drilled wells.
The five hundred and ninety-four properties on the watershed were inspected
and all but seventy-four were found to be in a satisfactory condition. One
hundred and thirty-two pollutions upon the seventy-four unsatisfactory prop-
erties were abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory
condition at the . dose of the year. Two of the unsatisfactory properties had
been adjusted through reference to the Department's Attom«r.
9. Hollidaysburg Borough, the County Seat of Blair County, is supplied
with water from Blair Gap Run. The two camps on the watershed were in-
spected, one of which was found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Seven
pollutions were abated in the one unsatisfactory camp, leaving the watershed in
a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
10. Honesdnle Borough, the County Seat of Wayne County, is supplied with
water by the Honesdale Water Company from Balcon Creek. Two unsatisfactory
properties on the watershed were reinspected, and eight pollutions upon these two
properties were abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory
condition at the close of the year.
11. Indiana Borough, the County Seat of Indiana County, is supplied with
water by the Clymer Water Company from Two Lick Creek. Sixteen unsatis-
factory properties on the watershed were reinspected, and two pollutions upon one
unsatisfactory property were abated, leaving fifteen properties on the watershed in
an unsatisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
12. Media Borough, the County Seat of Delaware County, is supplied with
water from Ridley Creek. Eighty of the properties on the watersh^ were in-
spected and all but twelve were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Five
pollutions were abated upon three of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving nine
properties on the watershed in an unsatisfjictory condition at the dose of the year.
13. Mercer Borough, the County Seat of Morcer County, is supplied with water
by the Mercer Water Company from Otter Creek. Twenty-six unsatisfactory prop-
erties on the watershed were reinspectod, and thirteen pollutions were abated upon
nine of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving seventeen properties in an unsatis-
factory condition on the watershed at the close of the year.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF H1I3ALTH. 968
14. Ridrway Borough, the County Seat of Elk County, is supplied with water
by the Ridgway Water Company from Big Mill Creek. The seventeen properties
on the watershed were reinspected and found to be in a satisfactory condition.
15. Stroudsburg Borough, the County Seat of Monroe County, is supplied with
water by the Stroudsburg Water Supply Company from Broadheads Creek. The
one thousand two hundred and thirty -four properties on the watershed were^ in-
spected, and all but fifty-one were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Eight
pollutions were abated upon six unsatisfactory properties, leaving forty-tive prop-
erties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the j'ear.
16. Sunbury Borough, the County Seat of Northumberland County, is sup-
plied with water by the Sunbury Water Company from Little Shamokin Creek.
Two unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and six pollu-
tions upon tlie two unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving all properties
on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
17. Towanda Borough, the County Seat of Bradford County, is supplied with
water by the Towanda Water Company from Towanda Creek. Satterslee Run, and
a spring. The sixty-one properties on the watersheds were inspected and all but
eight were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Ten pollutions were abated
upon six of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving two unsatisfactory properties
on the watersheds unchanged at the close of the year.
18. Waynesburg Borough, the County Seat of Greene County, is supplied with
water by the Waynesburg Water Company from Ten Mile Creek. Thirty-three un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and thirty-seven pollu-
tions upon twenty-three of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving
ten properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the
year.
19. Wellsboro Borough, the County Seat of Tioga County, is supplied with
water by the Wellsboro Water Company from Charleston Creek and Mickle and Rock
Runs. One unsatisfactory property on the watersheds was reinspected and three
pollutions on this property were abated, leaving all properties on the watersheds
in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
20. West Chester Borough, the County Sent of Chester County, is supplied
with water from Chester Creek. Eight unsatisfactory properties on the watershed
were reinspected and twenty pollutions upon six of the unsatisfactory properties
were abated, leaving two properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory con-
dition at the close of the year. These two unsatisfactory properties were referred
to the Department's Attorneys for final adjustment.
The ninety-four other Boroughs whose water supplies were inspected or rein-
spected are as follows:
1. Albion Borouffh, Brie County, is supplied with water from springs. The
two properties on the drainage area were inspected and found to be in a satisfac-
tory condition.
2. Apollo Borough, Armstrong County, is supplied with water by the Apollo
Water Works Company from Beaver Run. Seventeen unsatisfactory properties
on the watershed were reinspected and twenty-four pollutions upon sixteen of the
unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and twenty-four pol-
lutions upon sixteen of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving one prop-
erty on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
3. Arendtsville Borough, Adams County, is supplied with water by the Arendts-
viHe Water Company from a spring run. One unsatisfactory property on the
watershed was reinspected and the saw dust from this abandoned saw mill was
removed, leaving the watershed uninhabited and in a satisfactory condition at the
dose of the year.
4. Ashland Borough, Schuylkill County, is supplied with water from Little
Mafaanoy Creek. One hundred and forty-five properties on the watershed were
reinspected, and three hundred and nineteen pollutions were abated upon one
hundred and twenty-seven of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving eighteen un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed at the close of the year.
5. Austin Borough, Potter County, is supplied with water from three wells,
four springs, and Freeman's Run. Twenty unsatisfactory properties on the water-
sheds were reinspected and twenty-four pollutions were abated upon five of the
unsatisfactory properties, leaving fifteen properties on the watersheds in an un-
satisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
6. Avis Borough, Clinton County, is supplied with water by the Chatham
Water Company from Chathnm Run. Three unsatisfactory properties on the
watershed were reinspected and four pollutions upon the three unsatisfactory prop-
erties were abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory con-
dition at the close of the year.
7. Baneor Borough, Northampton County, is supplied with water bv the
Bangor Water Company from Martin's Creek. Four of the propprfies on the
watershed were inspected and all but one were found to be in a satisfactorv con-
dition. The one unsatisfactory property remained unchanged at the dose of
the year.
Digitized by
Google
964 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
8. Bamesboro Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the North-
ern Cambria Water Company from Brown's Run. The three properties on the
watershed were inspected, two of which were found to be in an unsatisfactory con-
dition. Two pollutious were abated upon the two unsatisfactory properties, leav-
ing all the properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose
of the year.
9. Bath Borough, Northampton County, is supplied with water from Hatch
Gravel Creek. The fifteen properties on the watershed were inspected and all
but two were found to be in a satisfactory condition. One pollution was abated
upon one of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving one property on the watershed
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
10. Blooming Valley Borough, Crawford County, does not have a public water
works system. The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs.
11. Bolivar Borough. Westmoreland County, is supplied with water in emergency
by the Mace Springs Water Company, from Bear Pond Run. One of the proper-
ties on the watershed was inspected and found to be in an unsatisfactory condition,
remaining unchanged at the close of the year.
12. Cambridge Springs Borough, Crawford County, is supplied with water
from French Creek. Three hundred and twenty-four of the properties on the
watershed were inspected and rcinspected and all but forty-nine were found to be
in an unsatisfactory condition. Tv^entysix pollutions w^ere abated upon thirty-
seven of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving twelve properties on the watershed
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
13. Canonsburg Borough, Washington County, is supplied with water by the
North Strabane Water Company from Little Chartiers Creek. One camp on
the watershed was inspected and found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Two
pollutions in the unsatisfactory camp were abated, leaving all properties on th*»
watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
14. Canton Borough, Bradford County, is supplied with water by the Citizens
Water Company from Mill Creek and T^ke Nephawin. Six unsatisfactory prop-
erties on the watersheds were reinspected and seven pollutions upon five of the
unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving one property on the watersheds
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
15. Catasauqua Borough. Lehigh County, is supplied with water by the Clear
Springs Water Company from Spring Creek. The sixty -nine properties on the
watershed were inspected and all but sixteen wore found to be in a satisfactory
condition. Thirteen pollutions were abated upon eight of the unsatisfactory prop-
erties leaving eight properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at
the close of the year.
16. Claysville Borough, Washington County, is supplied with water from a
spring run. The four properties on the watershed were inspected and all but one
were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Three pollutions were abated upon
the one unsatisfactory property, leaving all the properties on the watershed in a
satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
17. Coateaville Borough, Chester County, is supplied with water from Sncker
and Hoffner Runs. The one hundred and forty-nine properties on the watersheds
were inspected, and all but forty -five were found to be in a satisfactory condition
Forty-three pollutions were abated upon thirty-one of the unsatisfactory proper-
ties, leaving fourteen properties on the watersheds in an unsatisfactory condition
at the dose of the year.
18. College Hill Borough. Beaver County, is supplied with filtered water by
the College Hill Borough Water Company (Beaver Water Company's Eastvalc
Plant) from Beaver River.
19. Connellsville Borough. Somerset County, is supplied with water bv the
Connellsville Water Company from the Youghiogheny River and Laurel. Break-
neck and Mount's Runs. Four thousand, two hundred and sixty-one of the prop-
erties on the watersheds were inspected and all but five hundred and Mxty-twn
were found to be in a satisfactor>' condition. Five hundred and fourteen pollu-
tions were abated upon three hundrod and forty-seven of the unsatisfactory prop-
erties, leaving two hundred and fifteen unsatisfactory properties on the water-
sheds at the close of the year.
20. Cooperstown Borough. Venango County, does not have a public water works
system, the supply being taken from individual wells and springs.
21. — Dauphin Borough. Dauphin County, is supplied with water by the Dauphin
Consolidated Water Company from Stony Creok. Twelve unsatisfactory properties
on the watershed were reinspected. and twenty-eiirht pollutions were abated npnn
eleven of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving one unsatisfactory proi>erty on the
watershed at the close of the year.
22. Derry Borough, WejJtmorelnnd Countv. Is supplied with water bv the Derry
Water Company from McGee, Edith, and Trout Runs and Ethel Springs. Nine-
teen of the properties on the wntersheds were inspected and all but nine were fonnd
to be in a satisfactory condition. Eight pollutions upon eisrht of the unsatisfactory
properties were abated, leaving one unsatisfactory property on the watersheds at
tho close of the year.
23. Downingtown Borough. Chester County, is supplied with wafer from th»*
East Branch of Brandj'wine Creek. Tbr'^o unsatisfnetory properties on the water-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 965
shed were reinspected and one pollutions upon one of the unsatisfactory proper-
ties was abated, leaving two properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory
condition at the close of the year. One of the unsatisfactory properties was referred
to the Department's Attorneys for final adjustment. There is also an emergency
supply taken from the East Brandywine Creek. Two unsatisfactory properties
on this watershed were reinspected and two pollutions were abated upon one of
the unsatisfactory properties, leaving one property in an unsatisfactory condi-
tion at the close of the year. The one unsatisfactory property was referred to
the Department's Attorneys for final adjustment.
24. Dubois Borough, Clearfield County, is supplied with water from Muz and
Anderson Runs. Six unsatisfactory properties on the watersheds were reinspected
and remained unchanged at the close of the year.
25. Dushore Borough, Sullivan County, is supplied with water by the Dushore
Water Company from Penn Run. The two properties on the watershed were in-
spected and found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Two pollutions upon one
of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving one property on the water-
shed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
26. East Berlin Borough, Adams County, is supplied with water from Cone-
wago Creek. Eight unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected
and seven pollutions were abated upon seven properties, leaving one property
on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
27. East Conemnugh Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the
Conemaugh and Franklin Water Company from Clapboard Run. Five unsatis-
factory properties on the watershed were reinspected and three pollutions upon
three of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leavinsr two properties in an
unsatisfactory condition on the watershed at the close of the year.
28. Edinboro Borough, Erie County, is supplied with water from Conneaut
Ijake. Two of the properties on the watershed were inspected and found to be
in an unsatisfactory condition, remaining unchanged at the close of the year.
29. Eliza bethville Borough, Dauphin County, is supplied with water by the
Elizabeth ville Water Company from two spring streams, also from individual
wells and springs. The watersheds are uninhabited.
30. Factoryville Borough, Wyoming County, is supplied with water by the
Nokomis Water Company from Lake Sheridan and Baylor's Pond. Three unsat-
isfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and one pollution upon
one of the unsatisfactory properties wns abnted. The three properties remained
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
31. Falls Creek Borough, Jefferson County, is supplied with water from Falls
Creek and Kyle Run. The ninety-eight properties on the watersheds were in-
spected and all but sixteen were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Twenty-
four pollutions were abated upon the sixteen unsatisfactory properties, leaving all
properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at tho close of the year.
312. Felton Borough, York County, doos not have a public water works sys-
tem. The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs.
33. Flemington Borough, Clinton County, is supplied with water by the West
End Water Company from tributaries to Queen Run. One unsatisfactory property
on the watersheds^ was reinspected and one pollution upon the unsatisfactory prop-
erty abated, leaving all properties on the watersheds in a satisfactory condition
at the close of the year.
34. Franklin Borough. Cambria County, is supplied with water bv the Cone-
maufirh and Franklin Water Company from Clapboard Run, described under the
supply of East Conemaugh Borough.
35. Friendsville Borough, Susquehanna Countv, does not have a public water
works avstem. The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs
.?8. Oallitzin Borough. Cambria County, is supplied with water bv the Cam-
bria County Water Supply Company from Lynch Run. One unsatisfactory prop-
erty on the watershed was reinspected and three pollutions upon the one unsatis-
factory property was abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a sat-
isfactory condition at the close of the year.
.77. Garrett Borough, Somerset Countv, is supplied with water by the Garrett
Water Company from Bixie and Pine Runs. The thirtv-four properties on the
watersheds were inspected and all but ten were found to be in a satisfactory con-
dition. Sixteen pollutions were abated upon ten unaatisfnctorv properties leaving
all properties on the watersheds in a satisfactory condition at the close of the
year.
38. Geneva Borough, Crawford County, does not hnve a public water works
system. The water supply is taken from individual wells Mud springs.
39. Greenville Borough, Mercer County, is supplied with water by the Green-
ville Water Companv from a tributary to the Shenan^o River. Two unsatisfac-
tory properties on the watershed were reinspected and three pollutions upon one
unsatisfactory property were abated, leaving one property on the watershed in
an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
40. Hanover Boroneh, York Countv. is supplied with wnter by the Hanover
and McSherrystown Water Company from Furnace Creek. The one hundred and
thirty eight properties on the watersheds were inspected and all but eight were
Digitized by
Google
9(56 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
found to be in a satisfactory condition. Fifteen pollutions were abated upon the
eight unsatisfactory properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in a sat-
isfactory condition at the close of the year.
41. Hummelstown Borough, Dauphin County, is supplied with water by the
Hummelstown Consolidated Water Company from Swatara Creek. Thirteen un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and six pollutions upon
five of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving twelve properties on the
watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
42. Jenkintown Borough, Montgomery County, is supplied with water by the
Moreland Springs Water Company from Pennypack Creek. Two hundred and
twenty-nine of the properties on the watershed were inspected and all but one
hundred and seventeen were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Ninety-five
pollutions were abated upon fifty-six of the unsatisfnctory properties, leaving
sixty-one properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the dose of
the year. Two of the unsatisfactory properties were referred to the Department's
Attorneys for final adjustment.
43. Jermyn Borough, Lackawanna County, is supplied with water by the
Scranton Gas & Water Company from Rush Brook. One unsatisfactory property
on the watershed was reinsnected and one pollution upon the unsatisfactory prop-
erty was abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condi-
tion at the close of the year.
44. Jersey Shore Borotigh, Lvcoming Countv. is sunplied with water by the
Jersey Shore Water Company from Larry's Creek. Three unsatisfactory prop-
erties on the watershed were reinsnected and four pollutions unon two of the un-
satisfactory properties were abated, leaving one property on the watershed in an
unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year. Pine Creek is used as an emer-
gency supply. Seventy-six unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were re-
inspected and nin<*ty-one pollutions upon forty-two of the unsatisfactory proper-
ties were abated, leaving thirty-four properties on the watershed in an unsatisfac-
tory condition at the close of the year.
45. Johnsonburg Borough, Elk County, is supplied with water by the John-
sonburg Water Company from Powers Run and Silver Creek. The twelve prop-
erties on the watershed of Powers Run were inspected and all but seven were found
to be in a satisfactory condition. Five pollutions were abated upon two of the
unsatisfactory properties, lenvin*? six properties on the watershed in an unsatis-
factory conditions at the close of the year. The watershed of Silver Creek is un-
inhabited .
46. Kennett Borough. Chester Coimty, is supplied with water from Red day
Creek. One unsatisfactory property on the watershed was reinspected and re-
mained unchanged at the close of the year.
47. Kutztown Borough, Berks County, is supplied with water by the Kutztown
Water Company from Kemp's Run. The thirteen properties on the watershed
were inspected and all but two were found to be in a satisfactory condition. T^'o
pollutions upon one unsatisfactory property were abated, leaving one property
on the watershed in an unsntisfactory condition at the dose of the year. ■
48. Lacewille Borontrh, Wynmin5>: County, is supplied with water from springs
and Little Tusearora Creek. The thirty-four properties on the wntershed were in-
spected and all but one were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Two pollu-
tions upon the one unsntisfactory nroporty were abated, leaving all properties on
the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
49. Latrobe Borough, Westmorelnnd County, is supplied with water by the
Latrobe Water Company from Loyalhnnnn Creek. Twelve unsatisfactory proper-
ties on the watershed were reinspected and eight pollutions upon seven of the un-
satisfactory properties were abated, lenving five properties on the watershed in an
unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
50. Leechbure Borough. Armstrong C-ounty, is supplied with water bv the
Apollo Water Company from Beaver Run described under the supply of Apollo
Borough .
.'51. Lilly Borough, Cambna Conntv, is supplied with water by the Summit
Water Company from Bear Rock Creek. Five of the properties on the watershed
were inspected and fotir of them w'^r'* found to be in an unsatisfactory condition,
remaining unrhnnrrod at the close of the year.
52. ^fanheim Borough. Lan^nster County, 's supplied with water bv the Mnn-
heim Water Company from ReifT's Run. The seventy-eight properties on the
watershed were inspected and all hut five w^re found to be in a satisfactory con-
dition. Twelve pollutions were abated upon the five unsatisfactory properties,
leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close
of the year.
.53. Mansfield Boroueh, Tioga County, is supplied with water by the Mans-
field Water Company from Lamb's Crc^k'. Nine unsatisfactory properties on the
watershed were reinspected and six pollutions were abated upon four of the un-
satisfactory properties, leaving five properties in an unsatisfactory condition at
the close of the year. ; ,. , . ,
.54. Marinnna Borough, Washington County, is snpphed with water by the
Marianna Water Company from the North Fork of Ten Mile Creek. Twelve unsatis-
Digitized by
Googli
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 967
factory properties on the watershed were reinspected and twenty-two pollutions
were abated upon ten of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving two properties on
the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
65. McSherrystown Borough, Adams County, is supplied with water by the
Hanover and McSherrystown Water Company from Furnace Creek reported under
the supply of Hanover Borough.
56. Mechanicsburg Borough, Cumberland County, is supplied with water by the
Riverton Consolidated Water Company from Yellow Breeches Creek. Eleven of
the properties on tiie watershed were inspected and eight of them were found to be
in an unsatisfactory condition. Sixteen pollutions were abated upon seven of the
unsatisfactory properties, leaving one property on the watershed in an unsatis-
factory condition at the dose of the year.
57. Meyersdale Borough, Somerset County, is supplied with water by the Sand
Spring Water Company from Stamm Run, Blue Lick Creek, and Sand Spring.
Nine of the properties on the watersheds were inspected »nd all but four Were
found to be m a satisfactory condition. The four unsatisfactory properties re-
mained unchanged at the close of the year.
58. Middletown Borough, Dauphin County, is supplied with water by the Mid-
dletown and Swatara Consolidated Water Company from Swatara Creek. Thir-
teen unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and six pol-
lutions were abated upon five of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving twelve
properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
59. Mill Hall Borough, Clinton County, is supplied with water by the Crystal
Pure Water Company from Queen's Run. One unsatisfactory property on the
watershed was reinspected and one pollution upon this property was abated, leav-
ing all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the
year.
GO. Montgomery Borough, Lycoming County, is supplied with water by the
Montgomery Water Company from Black Hole Run. Two unsatisfactory proper-
ties on the watershed were inspected and remained unchanged at the dose of
the year.
61. Mount Penn Borough, Berks County, is supplied with water by the Mount
Penn Suburban Water Company from a spring run. Six properties on the water-
shed were inspected and all but one were found to be in a satisfactory condition.
One pollution upon the one unsatisfactory property was abated, leaving all prop-
erties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
fl2. Muncy Borough, Lycoming County, is supplied with water by the Muncy
Water Supply Company from Glade Run. Four unsatisfactory properties on the
watershed were reinspected and six pollutions upon the four unsatisfactory prop-
erties were abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory con-
dition at the dose of the year.
63. New Bethlehem Borough, Clarion County', is supplied with water by the
CAtiaBens Water Company from Red Bank and Sandly Lick Creeks. Seventy-five
unsatisfactory properties on the watersheds were reinspected and fourteen pollutions
upon nine unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving sixty-six properties on the
watersheds in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
64. Nicholson Borough, Wyoming County is supplied with water by the Nichol-
son Water Company from Hortons Creek. The one hundred and fifty-six properties
on the watershed were inspected and aU but eight of them were found to be in a
satisfactory condition. Five pollutions were abated upon four of the unsatisfactory
properties, leaving four properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition
at the dose of the year. There is also an emerirency intake in Tunkhannock Creek.
Two unsatisfactory properties on this watershed were inspected and four pollutions
on the two unsatisfactory properties were abated.
65. North East Borough, Erie County, is supplied with water from Sixteen Mile
Greek. The seven properties on the watershed were inspected and five of them
were found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Eleven pollutions were abated
ujwn the ^ve unsatisfactory properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in
a satisfactory condition at the close of the year There is also an emergency in-
take in Sixteen Mile Creek. The fifty-six properties on the watershed were in-
spected and all but eight were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Ten pollu-
tions were abated upon the eight unsatisfactory properties, leaving all properties
on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
68". Orrstown Borough, Franklin County does not have a public water works
system. The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs.
67. Oxford Borough, Chester County is supplied with water from drilled wells.
68. Palmerton Borough, Carbon County, is supplied with water bv the Palmer
Water Company from Pohopoco Creek. Six un.satisfactory properties on the
watershed were reinspected. Four pollutions wore abated upon one of the un-
satisfactory properties, leaving five properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory
condition at the close of the year.
66. Patton Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Patton
Water Company from Chest Creek. Three unsatisfactory properties on the water-
shed were reinspected and nine pollutions were abated upon three unsatisfactory
properties, leaving one property in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of thp
year.
Digitized by
Google
968 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Ooc.
70. Portage Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Martin-
dale Water Company from Trout Run . The eight properties on thei watershed
were inspected and all but two were found to be in a satisfactory condition. The
two unsatisfactory properties on the watershed remained unchanged at the close
of the year.
71. Port Allegany Borough, McKean County, is supplied with water by the
Port Allegany Water Company from Skinner Creek. The three unsatisfactory
camps on the watershed were inspected and ten pollutions were abated in the
three unsatisfactory camps, leaving two of them in an unsatisfactory condition at
the dose of the year.
72. Punxsutawney Borough, Jefferson County, is supplied with water by the
Punxsutawney Water Company from East Mahoning Creek and Clover Run. EHve
unsatisfactory properties on the watersheds were reinspected and seven pollutions
upon the five unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving all properties on the
watersheds in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
73. Quakertown Borough, Bucks County, is supplied with water by the Quaker-
town Water Company from Tohickon Creek and driven wells. The two hundred
and thirty-three properties on the watershed were inspected and all but twenty-one
were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Thirty pollutions were abated upon
twelve of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving nine properties on the watershed
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
74. Renovo Borough, Clinton County, is supplied with water from Drury and
Paddy's Runs. The twenty-two properties on the watersheds were inspected and
all but seven were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Seven pollutions were
abated upon three of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving five properties on the
watersheds in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
75. Royalton Borough, Dauphin County, is supplied with water by the Middle-
town and Swatara Consolidated Water Company from Swatera Creek, described
under the supply of Middletown Borough.
76. Scalp Level Borough. Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Rich-
land Township Water Company from Little Paint Creek. Twenty-two unsatis-
factory properties on the watershed were reinspected and twenty-eight pollutions
were abated upon nineteen of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving three prop-
erties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
Two unsatisfactory properties were referred to the Department's Attorneys for final
adjustment.
77. Scottdale Borough, Westmoreland County, is supplied with water by the
Mountain Water Supply Company from Spruce Run, Green Lick, and Indian
Creeks. Forty -nine of the properties on the watersheds were inspected and six of
them were found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Three pollutions were
abated upon three of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving three properties on the
watersheds in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
78. Selinsgrove Borough, Snyder County, is supplied with water by the Selins-
grove Water Supply Company from Penns Crook. Thirty-eight unsatisfactory prop-
erties on the watershed were reinspected and thirty-nine pollutions were abated
upon twenty unsatisfactory properties, leaving eighteen properties on the water-
shed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
79. Sellersville Borough, Bucks County, is supplied with water from drilled
wells and springs. Nine properties on the drainage area were inspected and found
to be in a satisfactory condition.
80. South Fork Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the South
Fork Water Company from Sandy Run. Thirteen of the properties on the water-
shed were inspected and twelve of them were found to be in an unsatisfactory con-
dition. Eleven pollutions were abated upon seven of the un.sati.sfactory properties
leaving five properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the
close of the year.
81. Spangler Borough,* Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Northern
Cambria Wnter Company from Brown's Run, described under the supply of
Bnrnesboro Borough.
82. Summer Hill Borough, Cnmbria County, is supplied with water by the
Cambria County Water Sijjnply Company from Pringle and Laurel Runs. The
forty-one properties on the watersheds were inspected and all but five were found
to be in a satisfactory condition. Five pollutions wore abated upon the five unsatis-
factory properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condi-
tion at the close of the year.
8.?. Troy Borough, Bradford Countv. is suppliod with water from drilled wells
and the West Branch of Sugar Run. Throe unsatisfactory properties on the water-
shod were roinsiieotod and throe pollutions upon two of the unsatisfactory prop-
erties! were abated, lonvine one property on the watershed in an unsatisfactory
condition at tho close of tho year. One unsatisfactory property was referred to
the Department's Attorneys for final adjustment.
84. Tnnnelhill Borough. Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Cambria
County Water Supply Company from Lynch Run described under the supply for
Oallitzin Borough.
8.5. TTnion Citv Borough. Erie County, is supplied with water from Bentlev.
Lime Kiln, and Brunstottc^r Runs. One unsatisfactory property on the watersheds
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 909
was reinspected and two pollutions upon the one unsatisfactory were abated,
leaying all properties on the watersheds in a satisfactory condition at the dose
of the year.
86. IJtica Borough, Venango County, does not have a public water works system.
The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs.
87. Vintondale Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Jack-
son Township Water Company from Bracken and Shuman Runs. Three unsatis-
factory properties on the watersheds were reinspected and five pollutions were
abated upon the three unsatisfactory properties, leaving one property in an un-
flatisfactory condition at the dose of the year. There is also an auxiliary supply
furnished by the Black Lick Water Company from Black Lick Creek. Nine un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and twelve pollutions
upon eight unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving one property unchanged
at the dose of the year.
88. Waymart Borough, Wayne County, is supplied with water by the Waymart
Water Company from Vanauken Creek. One unsatisfactory property on the water-
shed was reinspected and four pollutions upon the one unsatisfactory property were
abated, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the
dose of the year,
89. Waynesboro Borough, Franklin County, is supplied with water by the
Waynesboro Water Company from springs and the East Branch of Little Antietam
Creek. The thirty-seven properties on the watershed were inspected and found to
be in a satisfactory condition. The drainage area of the spnngs is uninhabited.
90. West Conshohocken Borough, Montgomery County, is supplied with water
by the West Conshocken Water Company from Queen Valley Creek. Three un-
satisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and three pollutions were
abated upon one unsatisfactory property, leaving two properties on the watershed
in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
91. West Reading Borough, Berks County, is supplied with filtered water from
the Schu^lki^l River by the West Reading Water Company.
92. Windber Borough, Cambria County, is supplied with water by the Windber
Water and Power Company from Clear Shade Creek. Thirteen unsatisfactory
properties on the watershed were reinspected and thirteen pollutions were abated
upon eleven of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving two properties on the water-
shed in an unsatisfactory condition at the dose of the year. The Richland Town-
ship Water Company also, supplies water to Windber Borough from Little Paint
Creek, described under the supply of Scalp Level Borough. There is also an
emergency supply furnished by the Paint Township Water Company from Paint
Creek. Fifty -five unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected
and fourteen pollutions were abated upon eight of the unsatisfactory properties,
leaving fifty properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the
dose of the year.
93. Woodcock Borough, Crawford County, does not have a public waterworks
system. The water supply is taken from individual wells and springs.
94. Wyalusing Borough, Bradford County, is supplied with water by the
Wyalysing Water Company from Stalford Brook. Eight unsatisfactory properties
on the watershed were reinspected and seventeen pollutions were abated upon six
of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving two properties on the watershed in an
unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
The iweniy-five villages whose water supplies were inspected or reinspected are
as follows: —
1. Baggaley Village, Unity Township, Westmoreland County, is supplied with
water by the H. C. Frick Coke Company from Wolf Spring Run. The eleven
properties on the watershed were inspected and all bvft three were found to be in
a satisfactory condition. Two pollutions were abated upon one of the unsatis-
factory properties, leaving two properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory
condition at the dose of the year.
2. Beaverdale Village. Adams Township, Cambria County, is supplied with
water by the Summit Water Comoany from Beaverdam Run. The six properties
on the watershed were inspected four of which were found to be in an unsatis-
factory condition, remaining unchanged at the close of the year.
3. Berwindino Village. Shade Township. Somerset Coiintv, is supplied with
water by the Windber Water and Power Company from Shade Crrek. The five
properties on the watershed were inspected and three of them were found to be in
an unsatisfactory condition. Three pollutions were abated unon the three unsatis-
factory properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory con-
dition at the dose of the year.
4. Boyer Heights Village, Cumru Township, Berks County, is supplied with
water by the Angelica Water Company from Angelica Creek. The throe hundred
and thirty-three properties on the watershed were inspected and all but twenty-
nine were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Thirty -one pollutions were
abated upon fifteen of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving fourteen properties on
the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year. Two of the
unsatisfactory properties were referred to the Department's Attorneys for final ad-
justment.
Digitized by
Google
970 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
5. Brookside Village, Cumru Township, Berks County, is supplied with water
by the Angelica Water Company from Angelica Creek described under the supply
for Boyer Heights Village.
6. Caimbrook Village, Shade Township, Somerset County, proposes to take
water through the Caimbrook Water Company from Beaver Run. The thirty-
one properties on the watershed were inspected and all but ten were found to be
in a satisfactory condition. Eight pollutions were abated upon seven of the un-
satisfactory properties, leaving three properties on the watershed in an unsatis-
factory condition at the close of the year.
7. Crabtree Village, Unity Township, Westmoreland County, is supplied with
water by the Jamison Coal and Coke Company from Little Crabtree Run. Sixty-
five properties on the watershed were inspected and all but twenty-seven of them
were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Twenty-six pollutions were abated
upon twenty-two of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving five properties on the
watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
8. Donnelly Village, East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, is
supplied with water by the H. C. Frick Coke Company from Leighty Hollow Run.
The thirteen properties on the watershed were inspected and all but five of them
were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Five pollutions were abated upon the
five unsatisfactory properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satis-
factory condition at the close of the year.
9. Ehrenfeld Village, Croyle Township, Cambria County, is supplied with
water by the Cambria County Water Supply Company from Pringle and Laurel
Runs. Described under the supply of Summerhill Borough.
10. Forbes Road Village, Salem Township, Westmoreland County, is supplied
with water by the Jamison Coal and Coke Company from Littie Crabtree Run.
described under the supply of Crabtree Village.
11. Hannastown Village, Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, is sup-
plied with water by the Jamison Coal & Coke Company from Little Crabtree Run,
described under the supply of Crabtree Village.
12. Leroy Village, Leroy Township, Bradford County, is supplied with water
by two private Water Companies from Golf Brook and springs. The two prop-
erties on the watershed were inspected and found to be in a satisfactory condition.
13. Little Italy Village, Mauch Chunk Township, Carbon County, is supplied
witJi water by the Panther Creek Water Company from springs. The drainage
area is uninhabited.
14. Luxor Village, Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, is supplied
with water by the Jamison Coal v% Coke Company from Little Crabtree Run, de-
scribed under the supply for Crabtree Village.
15. Mar-Lin Village, Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County, proposes to take
water from the Raccoon Creek (Mar-Lin Water Company.) The thirty-eight prop-
erties on the watershed were inspected and all but eleven of them were found to
be in a satisfactory condition. Six pollutions were abated upon one unsatisfactory
property, leaving ten properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition
at the close of the year.
16. Mayfield Village, East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, is
supplied with water by the H. C. Frirk Coke Company from Leighty Hollow Run,
described under the supply for Donnelly Village.
17. Millmont Village, Cumru Township. Berks County, is supplied with water
by the Angelica Water Company from Angelica Creek, described under the supply
for Boyer Heights Village.
18. Oakbrook Village. Cumru Township, Berks County, is supplied with water
by the Angelica Water Company from Angelica Creek, described under the supply
for Boyer Heights Village.
19. Oakland Village, Cumru Township, Berks County, is supplied with water
by the Angelica Water Company from Angelica Creek, described under the supply
for Boyer Heights Village.
20. Rauchtown Village, Crawford Township, Clinton County, is supnlied with
water from Ranch Creek. The fifty-seven properties on the watershed were in-
spected and all but seven of them were found to be in a satisfactory condition. The
seven unsatisfactory properties remained unchanged at the close of the year.
21. Robertsdale Village, Wood Township, Huntincrdon Countv, is supplied with
water by the Rockhill Iron & Coal Company from Trout Creek. The four prop-
erties on the watershed wpre insppcted and two of them were found to be in an
unsatisfactory condition. Four pollutions were abated upon the two unsatisfactory
properties, leaving all properties on the watershed in a satisfactory condition at
the close of the year.
22. Simpson Village, Foil Township, Lackawanna County, is supplied with
water by the Belmont Water Company from a spring run. One unsatisfactorv
property on the watershed was reinspocted and one pollution removed, leaving all
properties on tho watershod in a satisfactory condition at the close of the year.
23. Wehrnm Villnge. Buffington Townshii#. Indiana County, is supnlied with
water by the Enst Wheatfield and Buffington Township Water Company from Rum-
mells Run. The nineteen properties upon the watershed were inspected and thir-
teen of them were found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. Eleven pollutions
were abated upon nine unsatisfactory properties, leaving five properties in an
unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 971
24. Whitney Village, Unity Township, Westmoreland County, is supplied with
water by the H. C. B^rick Coke Company from Ridge Run. The four properties
on the watershed were inspected and all but one of them were found to be in a
satisfactory condition. The unsatisfactory property remained unchanged at the
dose of the year.
26. Woodvale Village, Broadtop Township, Bedford County, is supplied with
water by the Rockhill Iron and Coal Co^ipany from Trout Run, described under
the supply for Robertsdale Village.
The five industrial water supplies which were inspected or reinspected are as
follows:
1. The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway Company, has a supply of
water from Kyle Run. The thirty-eight properties on the watershed were inspected
and found to be in a satisfactory condition. The intake dam is located in Wash-
ington Township, Jefferson County, above Falls Creek.
2. The Pennsylvania Railroad Shops and trains at Altoona are supplied with
water from Pottsgrove Run. The one camp on the watershed was inspected and
found to be in an unsatisfactory condition. One pollution in the unsatisfactory
camp was abated, leaving the watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose
of the year.
3. The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company supplies water to its coUeries at
Hauto, Mauch Chunk Township, Carbon County, from Nesquehoning Creek. The
four properties on the watershed were inspected and found to be in a satisfactory
condition.
4. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company Shops at Renovo, Clinton County, are
supplied with water from Drury and Paddy's Runs, described under the supply for
Renovo Borough.
5. The Strickler Mines, Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, are
supplied with water by the Mt. Pleasant Coke Company from Township Line Run.
Sixteen unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and twelve
pollutions upon six of the unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving ten prop-
erties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the close of the year.
The iu>o State Institutions whose water supplies were inspected or reinspected
are as follows: —
1. The Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 2 at Cresson, Cam-
bria County, is partly supplied with water from Bear Rock Springs. Eight unsatis-
factory properties on the drainage area were reinspected and ten pollutions were
abated upon seven of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving one property in an
unsatisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
2. The Pennsylvania Training School at Morganza, Cecil Township, Wash-
ington County, is supplied with water from a tributary to Chartiers Creek. Two
unsatisfactory properties on the watershed were reinspected and two pollutions
upon the two unsatisfactory properties were abated, leaving all properties on the
watershed in a satisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
The County Home whose water supply was inspected is:
1. The Washington County Home in South Strabane Township, Washington
County, is supplied with water from a tributary to Little Chartiers Creek. The
one hundred and thirty-seven properties on the watershed were inspected and all
but sixty of them were found to be in a satisfactory condition. Seventeen pollu-
tions were abated upon eight of the unsatisfactory properties, leaving fifty-two
properties on the watershed in an unsatisfactory condition at the dose of the year.
Digitized by
Google
972 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF WATER COMPANIES AND MUNICIPALI-
TIES MAINTAINING A REGULAR PATROL OF THE WATERSHED
ABOVE THEIR WATER WORKS INTAKES IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE
PERMITS ISSUED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
Albion Borough, Erie County.
Bath Borough, Northampton County
Berwick Water Company, Berwick Borough, Columbia County.
Bloomfield Water & Sewer Company, New Bloomfield Borough, Perry County.
Citizens Water Company, Canton Borough, Bradford County.
Clearfield Water Company, Clearfield Borough, Clearfield County.
Dauphin Consolidated Water Company, Dauphin Borough, Dauphin County.
Dingmans Ferry Water Company, Dingmans Ferry Village, Pike County.
Doylestown Borough, Bucks County.
DuBois Borough, Clearfield County.
East McKeesport Water Company, East McKeesport Borough, Allegheny County
Edinboro Borough, Erie County.
Mountain Water Company of Emaus, Emaus Borough, Lehigh County.
Falls Creek Borough, Jefferson County.
Girard Water Company, West Mahanoy Township, Schuylkill County.
Glen Mills Schools (Girls Department) Middletown Township, Delaware County
Hallstead Water Company, Hallstead Borough, Susquehanna County.
Haysville Water Company, HaysvUIe and Osborne Boroughs, Allegheny County.
Heidelberg Water Company, Heidelberg Township, Lebanon County.
Hellam Water Company, Hallam Borough, York County.
Hopbottom Water Company, Hopbottora Borough, Susquehanna County.
Huntingdon Water Supply Company, Huntingdon Borough. Huntingdon County
Jacks Mountain Water Company, Mapleton Borough, Huntingdon County.
Jersey Shore Water Company, Jersey Shore Borough, Lycoming County.
Johnsonburg Water Company, Johnsonburg Borough. Elk County.
Johnstown Water Company, Johnstown City, Cambria County.
Koppel Water Company, Koppel Village, Beaver County.
Lebanon City, Lebanon County.
Ligonier Borough, Westmoreland County.
Lykeus Water Company, Lykens Borough, Dauphin County.
Marie Water Company, Expedit Village, Cambria County.
Marietta Gravity Water Company, Marietta Borough, Lancaster County,
Martindnle Water Company, Portage Borough, Cambria County.
Marysville Wator Company, Mar>'sville Borough, Perry County.
Mauch Chunk Water Company, Mauch Chunk Borough, Carbon County.
Moreland Spring Water Company, Jenkintown Borough and Moreland Township,
Montgomery County.
Morrellville and Cambria Borough Water Company, Johnstown City, Cambria
County .
Mt. Penn Suburban Water Company, Mt. Penn Borough, Berks County.
Mountville Borough. Lancaster County.
Muncy Water Supply Company, Muncy# Borough. Lycoming County.
North East Borough, Erie County.
North Strabane Water Companv, Canonsburg Borough, Washington County.
Pennsylvania Reform School, Morganza, Cecil Township, Washington County.
Pennsburg Water Company, Pennsburg Borough. Montgomery County,
Port Allegany Water Company, Port Allegany Borough, McKean County.
Portland Water C/ompany, Portland Borough, Northampton County.
Punxsutawney Water Company, Pnnxsutawney Borough, Jefferson County.
Rod Hill Water Companv, Red Hill Borough, Montgomery County.
Reynoldsville Borough, Jefferson County.
Roaring Creek Water Company, Rhamokin Boroucrh, Northumberland County.
Roulette Water Company. Roulette Village, Potter County.
Scran ton Gns & Water Company. Scranton City, I^ackawanna County.
Sollersville Borough, Bucks County.
Sheffield Wator Company, Sheffield Village, Warren County.
South Fork Water Company, South Fork Borough, Cambria County.
Springfield Water Company. Philadelphia Suburbs.
Stroudsburg Water Supply Company. Stroudsburg Borough. Monroe County.
Towanda Water Works Company, Towanda Borough, Bradford County.
Tremont Water & Gas Companv, Tromont Borough. Schuylkill County.
Trout Run Water Company, Duncannon Borough, Porry County.
Uniontown Water Company, Uniontown Borough. Favette County.
Upper Mauch Chunk Water Companv, Mauch Chunk Borough, Carbon County.
Warren Watpr Company, Warren Borough. Warren County.
Washington Water Supply Company, Washington Township, liehigh County.
West Conshohockcn Water Company, West Conshohockeu Borough, Montginaety
County.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
973
Windber Water & Power Company, Windber Borough, Cambria County.
Wyalusing Water Company, Wyalusing Borough, Bradford County.
Wyoming Water Supply Company, Hazel ton City, Luzerne County.
THE FOLLOWING REPORT THE WATERSHED FROM WHICH THEY
OBTAIN THEIR WATER SUPPLY TO BE UNINHABITED.
Bradford City, McKean County.
Citizens Water Company, Gordon Borough, Schuylkill County.
Nant-y-Glo Water Company, Nant-y-Glo Village, Cambria County.
Northumberland Water Company, Northumberland Borough, Northumberland
County.
Orbisonia Water Company, Orbisonia Borough, Huntingdon County.
Parkesburg Water Company, Parkeaburg Borough, Chester County.
Silver Creek Water Company, Blythe Township, Schuylkill County.
15. GENERAL SANITATION.
Some industrial pollutions cannot be classed as sewage pollutions under the
law. They may bring about a very unsanitary condition in a natural water course,
requiring to be abated on the score of a common nuisance.
Pollution of the ground water supply by sewage from a village or town or any
other source is matter for investigation and action by the State Department of
Health. The Commissioner of Health is charged with the preservation of the
purity of such waters in the interest of public health. All such work done by
field officers which has to deal with the disposal of sewage in villages, and towns
comes more particularly under the work of municipal sanitation. In many villages
and hamlets throughout the State general practices respecting disposal of house-
hold wastes are insanitary and possibly the cause of disease and mortality. These
subjects are properly investigated by the Department of Health since there is no
other body having jurisdiction in the fifteen hundred townships wherein reside about
one-third of the population of the Commonwealth. This class of work is distinct
from other field office work and is treated und«r the head of GeAeral Sanitation.
Within the city, borough, village, and township the remedy for the various
nuisances in the streams, the pollution of public ground water supply, general un-
sanitary conditions respecting disposal of household wastes and causes of disease
and mortality is found quite often to be a public sewerage system. Considerable
time must be allowed naturally for discussion of the introduction of such an im-
provement and for the inauguration of a sewer system. Therefore, it is not
reasonable to expect immediate abatements of these thousand of pollutions within
the municipalities. However, the sanitary survey forms a basis upon which to
make a beginning.
The following tables give a summary of sanitary surveys on certain watersheds
and a summary of sanitary surveys in certain Boroughs, Villages, and Townships-
SUMMARY OF SANITARY SURVEY ON CERTAIN WATERSHEDS.
Occupied propertlea
Inspected and re-
Abatements.
inspected.
_
^
5
MlDor WatenhedB.
^
1
b
s
g
3
SatlBfacto
1
tk
£
WIssahlckon Creek, Montgomery County, I 710 i
Darby Creek, Delaware County. 4i
Cbecter Creek, Delaware County, i 531
Cobba Creek, Delaware County, 16
Braodywine Creek. Delaware Cbantr, 3
BIdlej Creek. Delaware County, below Media Intake 2R
Cmm Creek, Delaware County, below Springfield Water 1 I
Company Intake, 21
Perklomen Creek, Montgomery County, S7Q
MaJiontiig Creek, Jeffervon, Indiana and Armatron};
Ooontlea 43 i
139
42
53
1& ,
S
21
101
19 ,
22
6
1
23 '
6.-,!
64'
14'
1
a '
1 1 41
as 44 ,
tt| ul »i
Digitized by
134
23
81
10
2
14
28
73
Google
974
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
SUMMARY OF SANITARY SURVEY ON CERTAIN WATERSHEDS
Continued.
Occupied properties
inspected and re-
Abatementa.
inspected.
6
e
2
Minor Watersheds.
1
k^
• f
c
Ij
S
,
n
_2
0
«
s
s
2
S
2
o
"3
«
s
21 i
&
a
^
1
s
1
I
^
271 o;
10 0
1 01
12 1
i K o;
S8 , 26 I
2 01
I 102 721
4 0|
8 0
4 0!
4 0
18, 0
88' 0
ty , 16 0
18 0
7, 0
7 I 0
, 16 0
bunties, I 4 0
below T^trobe I I
mUMc 1.647 1,2»
Cninlierlnnd, Jefferson k Monongahela Townships and Car- I
michaci Boroojfh, Greene County 10 0-
Fishing Creek, Centre and Clinton Counties, i 90 0
Conewaco Creeic, Adams and York Counties, below East i '
T.«,.n« i,.f-i,o 82, 71
, draining to Maryland, .. ll 0
I and Venango Counties,
Uike 663 885
Venango Counties 1,981 1.764
below Quakertown intake. 7 0
County, below Moreland I
52' 0
ty 1 0
special, 1 0
na County 908 860
County ; 895 8M
1 Susquehanna County, .. 1,743 1.5S1
a and Bradford Counties, 2,281 1.985
nty 7R8 757
nty. 720 686
r 13r» UB
, 1 243 220
_ 406 S8S
Brondhead Creek, Monroe County below Strondsburg in-
take 162 149
Cheery Creek, Monroe County. 188 158
Ba''J.ikiU CYeek, Flke County, special 1 0
Bcrnhnrt Cruek, Brrks County below Reading intake 64 62
Ra-ch Crwk. Clinton Ccunty 114 101
CioyAlHOck Creek, Bredford, Wyoming and Sullivan
Counties , 2,863 2,600
Lf coming Creek, Tjcoming. Tioga and Rullivan Counties, 1.89C 1.602 '
Su?ar Creek. Ira«lfor»l an«i Tioga Counties 1,707 1,486
I^ tee Erie, Erie County 8 0'
Sinueiiiahoning Cro<>k. Potter County 12 Ol
P.>plQr ItUD, IJialr County , 6 o!
Oonoro( heague Creek, Adams County 86 86,
MujMr CiP*»k, Adams County 71 71.
Rook Creek, AdamH County, 1.669 1.564:
CoiloruR Creek. York County, below York City intake. ... 180 Ol
Otter Creek, Moroer County, below Mercer Intake 1 0|
3ulf Creek, Delaware County i 88 0,
Ila«*cot)n Creek, Beaver County 9 0'
Foma?e Creek, York County, below Hanover and Mc-
Sberrjstown Water Co. intake 488 386
Spring Creek. Centre County 1,646 1,147
Logan Branch Creek, Centre County, 860 880
Totio. I a8.m I a.i» 8.M, s.»i t.ni i.(
II I «
27'
81
6
at
10 1
6!
16
i
1
1
1
t
11
6
14
8
86
7
18
88
IS
6
f
T
2
1
8
1
80;
9
»,
ai
4
2
t
a
8
1
a
a
4I
8
8
I
4
1
4
a
18
18
at.
6
88 1
2,
41
86
16
4,
8l
la
18
9'
at
8
7
4
s
a
7
8
s
8
",
6
1*.
M
4!
4
i
•
2M|
28S|
an
It
10
5
8
6
90
44
m
66
Ui
11
m
f
1|
1
1 j
f
278
1T7
285
Ml
167
84
88
10
7
0
•
T
62 '
. 80'
86
25
1
0
•
1
1
0
9
1
«i
8
li
m
ii !
1
4
6»
£12
182
88^
30
2061
Ug
427
:x
5:1
C' '
0
n
M
ss
S8
»
SO
10
U
M
22
12
ts
11
"■ 1
13
li
j4
13
8
U
6
Jo
ie
T'
IS
1
0
«
1
i
0
fr
3
18,
0
•
la
i.4,
68
89
i»i
rofl
145
279
n
221
200
2SC
?^
w
7
87
1
V.
12
12
t
r>
6
9
1
0
(•
0
0
0.
0
•
t
105.
87
U5
19
180
91
168
n
1
1
3
•
88
28
66
n
9
6
9
4
861
CI
826
101
Google"
Digitized by
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
975
SANITARY SURVEY IN CERTAIN BOROUGHS, SEVEN VILLAGES AND
SIX TOWNSHIPS.
Occupied properties
inspected and re-
inspected.
Abatements.
Ambler Borouch^ Montgomery County,
Atglen Boron^, Chester Connty
ATOndale Borough, Chester Connty.
Bechtelsyille Borough, Berks County
Blrdsboro Borough, Berks County
Blooming Valley Borough, Crawford County,
Beyertown Borough, Berks County
Bridgeport Borough. Montgomery County
Burlington Borough, Bradford County,
Canonsburg Borough, Washington County, special,
Cbamhersbure Borough. Franklin County,
CoatesTlIIe Borough, Chester County,
Oollfge Hill Borough, Beaver County,
Conneaut Lake Borough, Crawford County,
Conshohocken Borough, Montgomery Connty,
Oooperstown Borough, Yenanso County
Cross Roads Borough, York County
Hale Borough, Cambria County, special,
I>auphln Borough, Dauphin County, special,
DoTor Borough, York Oiunty,
I>owningtown Borough, Chester County,
Duncannon Borough, Perry County, special
EhmcansTllle Borough. Bla^r County,
I>u8hore Borough, Sullivan County,
Kast Bangor Borough, Northampton County
Eafft Prospect Borough, York County
Edinboro Borough, Erie County,
Elixahethville Borough, Dauphin Connty,
Everett Borough, Bedford County, special
yawn Grove Borough, York County,
Felton Borough, York County
Pinleyville Borough, Washington County, special,
Forkxville Borough, Sullivan County
Freeland Borough. Luzerne County, part.,
Freemansburg Borough, Northampton County,
friendsviUe Borough, Susquehanna County,
Geneva Borough, Crawford County
Gettysburg Borough, Adams Conner
Glendon Borough, Northampton County
Hallam Borough, York Oninty,
Hellertown Borough, Northampton County
Huntingilon Borough, Huntingdon County,
JefTerson Borough, Greene County,
Laporte Borough, Sullivan Coun^
lieraysville Borough, Bradford County
Malvern Borough. Chester County
Mars Borough, Butler County, special
Manch Chunk Borough. Carbon County, part
McConnellsburg Borough, Fulton County
Monroe Borough, Bradford County,
Mt. Pleasant Borough. Westmoreland County, special. ..
Nazareth Borough. Northampton County, ,
New Albany Borough, Bradford County
New Lebanon Borough, Mercer County
New Paris Borough. Bedford County
NorristoMU Borough. Montgomery County.
Northampton Borough. Northampton County
Northampton Heights Borough, Northampton County, ...
North Wales Borough, Montgomery County,
OrwifTsburir Borough , Schuylkill County
Oxford Borough. Chester County, not Including ice
su pply
ParkesbuK Borough, Chester County, ,
Perkaaie Borough. Bucks County
I
206l
2241
11 ,
12
55I
86
eoi
66
2
1411
5!
506
140
1,270
»2
51
1
1
266
6
8
262
4
96
15
828
1
S4
77
1
SI
261
3
48 ,
1.246 :
3
140
18
5
88
184
2
2 ;
661
27|
140!
2 I
67
149 '
5 1
7 '
6
18
2
207
482
702
250'
106 1
0
178
152
0
0
61
0
0 "
60,
ol
ol
860:
128
^1
51 I
0 ,
0'
&4'
0|
179
Ol
226
ol
M
64
0
47
2CT I
0
43,
74
444
0'
139
0
0
0
77
93
0
0
136
0
149
0
0
124
0
0
0
0
0
0
857
87
28
72
11
12
4 .
86
601 I
2>
1411
6
146
12'
1.2170,
7 I
Ol
11
Ij
61
8
8
78 I
4
1
15 I
102 '
1
0
181
1
10
4
3
0
U
802
3
1
18
22
6>
6'
41
8,
426!
27
0 '
8 '
67|
2S
7 I
18'
2
207,
126
540 162
64 196
01 106
8
4
1
3
10
4
2
77
8
0
0
199
7
0
1
1
4
ii
1
0
18
1
0
•
8
0
1
1
1
18
8
0
17,
0
0
27
0
0
48
28
5
2
1 ,
12;
21
0
14
0
0
12
0
0
17
8
2
6
20
10
3
77
8
0
0
198
14
0
1
1
90
7
0
4
187
6
2
0
128
1
0
22
2
0
0
6
6
4
6
1
1
8
m
4
0
85
2
0
0
76
0
0
63
46
6
4
1
29
24
0
40
88
26
72
8
8
8
88
611
2
0
64
a
146
18
1,177
0
0
0
0
4
4
8
2
8
0
0
15
46
0
0
0
0
10
4
0
0
8
8oa
2
0
18
4
2
6
84
1
a
426
0
a
19
a
0
5
•
0
207
111
0 188
0 196
80| 80
62
Digitized by
Google
976
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
SANITARY SURVEY IN CERTAIN BOROUGHS, SEVEN VILLAGES AND
SIX TOWNSHIPS— Continued.
Occnpied properties
inspected and re-
AbatemenU.
inspected.
i
1
^
8
^
B
§
1
8
1
a
3
1
1
Pboenizyllle Borough, Chester County
Portland Borough, Northampton County,
Pottstown Borough, Montgomery County, special, ..•
Quakertown Borough, Bucks County
Quarry ville Borough, Lancaster County, special
Rod Lion Borough, York County,
Rockhill Borough, Huntingdon County,
Rome Borough, Bradford County
Schwenksville Borough, Montgomery County,
Sellersvllle Borough, Bucks County
Spring City Borough, Chester County
Spring Grove Borough, York County,
Stewartstown Boroneh, York County
Swoyersville Borough, Luzerne County, special
Tatamy Borough, Northampton County
Tremont Borough, Schuylkill County,
Utica Borough, Venango County
Walnutport Borough, Northampton County,
West Chester Borough, Chester County,
West Grove Borough, Chester County
West Reading Borough, Berks County
Wind Gap Borough. Northampton County
Windsor Boro'ngh, York County,
Woodcock Borough, Crawford County
Yoe Borough, York County,
Cumbola Village, Schuylkill County
Kulpmont Village, Northumberland County
Nuremberg Village, Luzerne and Schuylkill Counties,
Robertsdale Village, Huntingdon Cbunty
Weston Village. Luzerne County
Woodland Viflage, Clearfield County
Woodvale Village, Bedford County
Bast Union Township, Schuylkill County
Franklin Township, Greene County
Hopewell Township, Beaver Coun^
Portage Township, Cambria County,
South Bend Township, Armstrong County,
Summerhlll Township, Crawford County,
6
0
6 i
6
1
0
1 ■
1
1
0
1'
0
1,206
762
4441
4&
8
710
0
645
8 1
65
8
63
11 :
2 '
0.
71
2
100
10
121
417
294
2B0
8
2
257 ■
92 I
10
26
872
16
8
210
43
158'
5
13
170
90
lao
44
1
0
95
0
f'
66 ,
248 I
l|
0
0
77
0
0 !
2E6i
0
0 '
147
42
114
0
0
51
51 I
40 .
0 :
89
0
0
0
Oi
0
0
2
6
10
121
417
228
2
7
2
2&7
16
10
26
116
16
8
68
1
46
6
IS
119
39
44 I
1
6
8
1
8
63
118
1
3
1
1
1 1
89
208
0
2
5
0
0
1
82
164
14;
7
26|
1 .
8
65 ,
0
48
8
1
1
1
0
4
0
42
1
1
1
1
8
7 ,
o!
2>
1^'
0
86
8
8 ,
1
1 I
?'
o:
85
5
7
8
1
8
10
1»
ITS
U(
15
12
lis
80
2
Total,
I
. I 14,325 7,104 7,821 1,113 j 2,266 , 6.1M
I I I I I I
Digitized by
Google
So. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
877
SUMMARY OF SANITARY SURVEY ON CERTAIN WATERSHEDS.
Occupied properties
inspected and re-
inspected.
Abatements.
1
Major Watersheds.
1
{;
S
1
1
1
1
i
Allegheny Rlrer, E<rie, Forest, and Venango Counties,
Allegheny River, Potter County
All(>gheny River, Warren County,
Allegheny River, McKean Coun^
Schuylkill River, Montgomery County
Schuylkill River, Berks and Lebanon Counties
Schuylkill River, Chester County
SchDylkiU River, Schuylkill County
Susquehanna River, Lancaster County
Susquehanna River, Susquehanna County
Susquehanna River, Bradford County,
Susquehanna River, York County,
Sosqnehanna River, Dauphin County
Delaware River, Northampton County
Delaware River. Monroe County
Lehigh River, Northampton County
Lehigh River, Lnzerne County
Lehigh River, Lehigh County,
Lehigh River, Carbon Conn^,
Lehigh River. Wayne County
Ohio River, Allegheny County
Obio River, Washington County
Gonemaugh River, Westmoreland County
Kiskiminetas Blver. Westmoreland County
MoDongahela Kiver, Westmoreland County,
Tonghiogbeny River, Westmoreland County
Tioga River. Bradford County,
Clarion River, McKcan County
1,287
19
1,785
96
1,580
133
410
7
S9
668
5,S48
190
4,607
12
186
15
56
9 '
2,064
1,133 I
01
1,409
0
1.802
68
33»
0
0
611
6,190
0
4,389
0
164
0
0
0
0
0
0
154
19 '
876
96
278 ,
70'
71 ;
7
88
42
353
190 I
118
12 I
221
15
28
6
55
9
2.064
Total,
165
0
166
89
0
89
26
0
26
1,610
843
667
4,846
3,»13
983
85
80
5
10
0
10
26,244
19,836
6,906
1
13
18
»
86
118
60
48
4
7
1
194
188
SI
2
10
8
18
4
M
4
48
86
89
8
168
160
8
10
1,294
19
46
16
74
S&
99
95
8
12
4
886
296
41
8
16
12
»
26
96
141
1
867
68
160
»
28
3
82
41
168
7
87
10
12
7
16
2
21
6
HO 2,oai
140 T9
66 , 60
14 18
281
201
4
29
600
778
2
0
2,848 4.614
62—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
978
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
It will be noted that one thousand and seventy-eight properties on the water-
sheds of ice supplies were inspected and reinspected and all but one hundred and
twenty- two were found to be in a satisfactory condition. One hundred and eighty-
two pollutions were abated upon ninety-eight unsatisfactory properties, leayins
twenty-four properties on the watersheds in an unsatisfactory condition at the close
of the year.
Occupied properties
inspected and re-
Inspected.
I
I
Abfttementa.
8
V
I
Heart Lake, Susquehanna Coanty.
Lake Car^, Wyoming County
Jackson Run, Warren Ooonty, PhllUps Ice Ck)mpany
Octorora Creek, Oxford Borough, Chester County, ice
supply
Suffer Creek, Spalding Ice Reservoir, Troy, Bradford
County,
Went Branch Conococbeague Creek above Richmond Dam,
Cumberland Valley Railroad ice supply
Schuylkill Haven Borough, Schuylkill County, ice supply.
Total
85
1
310
S4
0
804
24
15
48
0
664
1
603
0
1,078
966
128
01
0>
&;
0
88
64.
1
0
0
18
0
8o:
I
87 I
15 1
V. EPIDEMICS.
During the year 1913, the Division of Sanitary Engineering, under the direction
of the Chief Engineer, made investigations in seventeen places relative to the cause
of certain outbreaks of typhoid fever and carried out instructions of the Commia-
sioner of Health to preclude a recurrence of the disease as far as water supply,
sewerage, and sanitary conditions were concerned. The places, in alphabetical
order, are these:
Amot (Dysentery).
Bethlehem .
Connpllsville and South Gonnellsville.
Franklin.
Fullerton .
-Tohnsonburg.
Kutztown.
Nuremberg.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia (special).
Rauchtown.
Reading.
Sellersville .
Sharon and Farrell.
Tarentnm and Brackenridge .
West Reading.
Wrightsville.
The work done in each of these places is described in the following pages.
16. OUTBREAK OF DYSENTERY AT ARNOT YIUJ^GE, TIOGA COUNTY.
This outbreak involving forty-one cases of dysentery of a severe type in the
Village of Amot, Tioga County, may be attributed to the failure of the public
water supply and the consequent resort to town wells. The Department's County
Medical Inspector, Dr. S. P. Hakes, made an investigation, more particularly of
the character of the disease. It beinp nnparent that the nublic water supply
played an important part. Assistant Engineer, Wm. H. Ennis, was sent to
Amot September 13. 1913, and remained there until the 15th. He was assisted in
his investicration and supervision of remedial measures by Inspectors, I. F. Zeigler
and A. W. Conrad.
Amot is a mining company village of 2,500 inhabitants in Bloss Township.
Tioga County, four miles west of Blossburg borough. It is forty-five years old
and has decreased in population about ten per cent, during the last thirty-five years.
The houses are frame and have large yards. The village is perhaps somewhat
above the standard of the average mining town. The streets are not paved.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HE3ALTH. 879
There is no sewer system. The method of sewage disposal is into privy vaultA
and a few cesspools, and kitchen waste and wash water are discharged into street
gutters or directly on the ground. When a privy vault is nearly full a new hole
is dug and the old one is covered over with earth.
About forty dug wells throughout the town and a few springs were the only
source of water supply for the inhabitants prior to the installation of a public
water works in 1903. The water works was investigated and will be described in
detail below. The supply has failed during the dry season for each of the last three
or four years. The old dug wells have never been abandoned and are resorted to
at such times and subsequently there has always been more or less dysentery in
the village, although no reports of this disease have been made to the office of the
State Department of Health at Harrisburg. Upon the failure of the public water
supply this past summer the wells were put in general use about August 18th after
having been pumped out and cleaned, but not disinfected. It is reported that
difficulty was encountered in deaning one or two of the wells because of the
amount of water in them. Prior to this general use of the wells many of the
people had been going to them for water.
Notification to boil all water obtained from the wells for domestic purposes was
given by the mining company on August 18th, by means of a bulletin board notice.
On September 12th printed notices were posted around the village under the
supervision of the County Medical Inspector directed by this Department, as
follows: "CAUTION: All people of Arnot are warned to boU all drinking water
and water used for washing vegetables and food stuffs. By order of Saml. 6.
Dixon, M. D., Commissioner of Health."
Emergency Measures.
When the engineer and inspectors from the Department arrived at Arnot it was
apparent that certain additional precautions might be taken relative to the wells.
Each well was heavily dosed with chlorinated lime. The quantity was proportioned
according to the water standing in the well. The chemical, in a small bag, was
suspended in the well until dissolved. The wells, of course, were not used there-
after until the chemical had been dissipated in the underground waters. While
this work was far from ideal it is believed it was well worth while. In all,
thirty-eight wells were so treated.
A force of men was started at once ditching around the wells to exclude surface
water from them. There is little doubt but that the wells had been contaminated
from time to time to a considerable extent by wash from around the privies and the
discharges of laundry and kitchen wastes. The privies were not adequately pro-
tected from surface wash so that during heavy rains they received consiaerablc
quantities of storm water which necessarily passed on carrying contamination with
it OTer the surface or by seepage through the ground. The privies and wells were
in dose proximity. The mining company had placed lime in the vaults on the
properties where dysentery had occurred.
While the Department's men were at Arnot the Mining Company placed an order
for buckets so as to provide a separate bucket at each well and do away with the
practice of individuals dropping private buckets, including those from infected
households, in the wells.
All these precautions relative to this crude water supply, were considered merely
as makeshifts and the local health officer and the superintendent of the Mining Com-
pany were directed continually to advise the people of the necessity of boiling all
water as the only adequate safeguard^.
Bacteriological Analysis.
Thirty samples for bacteriological analysis at the Department's Laboratories,
were collected, mostly from dug wells but including a spring and a sample from
the reservoir of the Arnot Water Company. The sample from each well was col-
lected before the di.sinfectant was introduced therein although in some cases the
introduction of the chemical in neighboring wells may have had some influence upon
the samples collected subsequently from other wells. The results of the analyses
are given in the following table:
GAMPLBS COLLECTED 6BPTBMBER 14TH.
Soorce.
Bacteria
Per 0. C.
1. Stream In dam. Arnot W. Co ^ 1 »
2. Dag well. J. Ctinnlnghara 100
». Dog well, M. Brewer , «
4. Dug well, Bdw. Chom 60
6, Jyai wOl, Mn, McConnell 1 40
B. Goli
Per 0. 0.
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SAMPLES COLLBCTBD SBPTTDMBDR 14th— Contlnaed.
OS. Doc.
Source.
6. Dog well. H. Walden, ...
7. Dug well* J. Jackson, ...
8. Dug well, John Folsey, ..
9. Dug well, John Berkwas,
10. Dug well, A. Neal,
11. Dug well, H. S. Card, ...
12. Dug well, B. McConnell,
13. Dug well, Ben Kobler. ...
14. Dug well, L. McCT&be. ...
15. Dug well, Chas. Anderson,
16. Dug well, J. H. Hanson,
17. Dug well, J. Connell, ....
18. Dug well, J. Clohesay, ...
Bacteria
B. CoU
Per C. C.
Per C. C.
2a
wo
600
60
120
600
40O
1,000
120
250
200
SO
9
SAM PES COLLBXTTBD SBPTBMBEiR 16TH.
19. Spring, J. Glohessiy.
20. Dug well, John Duff, I
21. Dug well, Peter Johnson, '
22. Dug well, Mary Larson I
ZS. Dug well, Thos. Fleming i
24. Dug well, D. Wilson
25. Dug well, John Wilson, I
26. Dug well, Wm. Grant I
27. Dug well, Jesse James, '
28. Dug well, W, R. Smith I
29. Dug well, J. Ganey, '
30. Dug well, B. B. Logan I
8
40
as
8
60
0
0
40
2
a
2<
9!
0
0
0
o
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
It should be noted that the well of Thomas Fleming, (Sample No. 23;, one of
the only two to show the presence of colon bacilli, contained the greatest quantity
of water of all the wells examined, on account of which the mining company had
not succeeded in cleaning it at the time of cleaning the other wells.
Dysentery Outbreak.
The wells are indicated as the source of infection for the outbreak of illnesn
which became increasingly prevalent as the use of the wells increased, although
the evidence is not entirely conclusive. There is nothing in the data collected re-
lative to the cases which would show that the well of Thos. Fleming was respon-
sible for more cases than any of the other wells. The sewage contamination in
this well at the time of sampling may possibly represent the general condition of
all the wells prior to their being cleaned.
The dates of onset of the forty -one cases investigated, are as follows:
Date of Onset.
Number
of Gases.
July 14,
July 20.
Aug. 1.
Aug. 2,
Aug. 7,
Aug. 9.
Auk. 11.
Aug. 15,
Aug. 17.
Aug. 18,
Aug. 19.
Aug. 20.
Aug. 22,
Aug. 24.
Date of Onset.
Number
9t Cases.
Aug. 2&.
Aug. 28,
Aug. 28-,
Aim. 30.
Aug. 31.
Sopt. ],
Sopt. 2,
Sept. .',
Sri't. 6.
Sopt. 7.
Sept. S,
Sept. 9,
S.'pt. 11,
Srpt. 12,
No cause of the outbreak, other than the wells v*aa suggested by the County
Medical Inspector. The most significant feature was that eighteen of the patients
were aged one to four years and sixteen were aged five *:o nine years, so that there
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. «81
were only seven cases over ten years old. There were nine deaths, all among chil-
dren of six years and younger. Nothing suspicious could be determined relative
to the milk supply.
The promiscuous use of household vessels in obtaining water from the wells and
the few springs may very likely have been responsible lor some of the disease.
Eight of the patients asserted that they had used only the public water supply.
It was always available in small quantities for a few hours a day and in certain
places. If these eight cases actually used only the public supply probably some
other medium of transmission than the water was responsible for their infection.
It hardly seems likely that the public water supply was responsible since the cases
increased as the use of this water diminished. A careful investigation was made
of the public water supply and the following is taken from Mr. Ennis's report:
Public Water Works.
The village of Arnot is supplied with water by the Arnot Water Company,
chartered September 14th, 1887, for the purpose of supplying water to Bloss Town-
ship, Tioga County, and to such persons residing therein and adjacent thereto as
may desire the same. The water works system consists of a storage dam, filter
plant » gravity supply main, and distributing pipes in the village. The system was
built in 1903 and the water supply is obtained from Saw 'Mill Run.
Saw Mill Run has its source at a point about three miles southwest of Arnot
Village and flows eastwardly to its junction with Spring Run at a point to the east
of the village. Above the water works intake Saw MUl Run has a drainage area
of approximately two square mile of uninhabited and uncultivated mountain land
covered with a heavy growth of scrub timber. The maximum flow of the stream is
not known but it is reported to be suOicient to furnish the demands of the con-
sumers on an average of about eight months in the year. During droughts it prac-
tically dries up.
The storage dam is located about one mile southwest of the village and is built
in a natural ravine between lofty hills. The dam is a wooden crib structure
backed on the upstream side with earth at a slope of about one and a half to one,
paved with dry rubble masonry. The structure is one hundred feet long and
twenty-six feet high, back flooding an area of about two acres, which has been
stripped of all vegetable matter. The average depth of the water in the dam is
about six feet and the storage capacity is about .5,000,000 gallons. At the overflow
the dam has an elevation of 118 feet above the principal part of the village. From
the dam an eight inch gravity supply main leaving at the bottom extends eastward
about 3,200 feet connecting with a system of distributing pipes in the village of
Arnot.
The filter house is a frame structure located just below the dam. In it are in-
stalled a subsidence tank, a filter unit, and pumping machinery. Adjacent to the
filter building is a filtered water basin also housed in a frame building. The filter
plant was installed by the New York Filter Manufacturing Company.
The subsidence tank is of wooden construction twenty- one feet two inches, by
twelve feet, in plan, having an effective depth of eight feet and a storage capacity
of 15,120 gallons which provides a retention period of about two houra when the
plant is operated at its maximum capacity. The top elevation of the subsidence
tank is only six feet below the overflow of the dam and when water falls below this
point, it is raised into the tank by means of a 100,000 gallons capacity triplex pump
operated by an eight horse power Otto gas engine. The flow of water to the tank
is through a six inch diameter pipe extending from the gravity supply main. The
pump suction is connected to this line also. The six inch pipe terminates in the
bottom of a weir chamber built in one end of the tank and the water, after flowing
the length of the weir chamber passing over two weirs and under a submerged
baffle board, enters the main tank and flows lengthwise and around two baffle
boards and leaves the tank through a six inch diameter pipe located near the top
and flows on to the filter. At the overflow the ifater in the tank has an elevation
about three feet above the surface of the filter bed. By the arrangement of piping
the water from the dam may be by-pns.sed to the filter bed or around the entire puri-
fication plant and filtered water basin.
The coagulant, which is sulphate of alumina, is dissolved in a wooden tank set
up on top of the settling tank. The chemical is applied to the water as it enters
the weir chamber. Commonly from ten to fifteen pounds of alumina are used daily,
dependent upon the character of the water. Soda ash is also used at the plant to
increase the alkalinity of the water. On an average about five to six pounds of
the latter chemical are used daily.
The filter is of the mechaninil gravity type consisting of a single wooden tub
eight feet in diameter by eight feet high. It is reported that on the bottom of the
tub is a manifold collecting system consisting of a main collector from which lat-
ternl pipes extending in parallel rows on about six inch centres to within a few
inches of the side of the tub. Screwed into the collecting pipes on six inch centres
are strainers. On top of the strainers is placed a four foot bed of select filtering
sand. The water from the settling tank flows through the six inch pipe to the
filter and is distributed on to tho surface by means of three three inch diameter
perforated pipes extending across the top. The effluent from the filter is into a
four inch diameter pipe leading to the filtered water basin. Rate controllers and
lo6S of head gauges are not provided to regulate the operation of the filter.
Digitized by
Google
962 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The -filter is usually washed with a reverse or upward current of filtered water
obtained from a 15,000 gallon capacity wooden tank elevated about fifty feet above
the filter. Compressed air is used to agitate the sand layers during the washing
process. By the arrangement of piping in connection with the filter the first water
after washing may be wasted to a sewer. It is also possible to wash the unit with
either raw or settled water.
The filter plant is in charge of an attendant and is usually operated from about
the middle ot June to the 16th of October with an average of from fifteen to eighteen
hours daily. At such times from 75,000 to 90,000 gallons of water are purified dally
which provides a maximum rate of filtration of about 100,000,000 gallons an acre
and day.
The filtered water basin is of concrete masonry construction fifteen feet by forty
feet in plan, having an eii'ective depth of eight feet and a storage capacity of
36,000 gallons. The filtered water enters the basin at one end and flows lengthwise
through the tank to a six inch diameter pipe connected with the gravity supply
main. Surface water cannot enter the basin and it is housed in a building.
The system of distributing pipes extends throughout the Village of Arnot and
consists of about six miles of four inch diameter pipe to which there are 400 con-
nections. Fire hydrants are fairly well distributed throughout the distributing
system as well as on a number of dead ends. The average daily consumption is
approximately 80,000 gallons of which 25,000 gallons ate used for domestic and the
remainder for industrial purposes by the Blossburg Coal Company.
Conclusions.
The seriousness of the situation in Arnot, due to the failure of the public water
supply and the resort to the dangerous wells and springs, is in no way minimized
by any slight uncertainty as to whether these wells are responsible for all of the
dysentery during the past season. This instance illustrates the extreme importance
of considering exhaustively not only the quality of a water supply under the vary-
ing conditions which may have influence thereon, but also the quantity available
during dry seasons as compared with the demands of the consumption before such
a supply can be approved by the ^^tate Department of Health as not prejudicial to
public health, and a permit issued for the water works system and source of supply
or additional supply or merely for the extension of the water works system so as
to increase the consumption. Under the Act of April 22nd, 1906, P. L. 280, re-
quiring a written permit from the Commissioner of Health before a public water
works system may be installed or extended, this Department has adhered to the
above policy so that in the installation of new water works systems disasters such
as that at Arnot may be guarded against.
17. TYPHOID FEVER IN THE BOROUGH OF BETHLEHEM.
This outbreak of typhoid fever at the close of 1912 is the second which Bethlehem,
population 14,000, has undergone in the last few years. It was the final blow
struck at the town by the old source of municipal water supply which had been
continued in use long after it should have been abandoned in view of the growth
of the town and modern advances in the practice of water supply engineering.
During the months of October, November, and December, 1912, there occurred
twenty-one cases of typhoid and the engineering division of this Department, on
January 8, 1913, was asked to make an investigation which was carried on from the
8th to the 14th of the month by Assistant Engineer H. E. Moses and Inspector
W. W. Ritter. Mr. Moses' report is quoted below.
This same water supply was also the cause of the previous epidemic which oc-
curred during August, September and October, 1911, comprising 105 cases of
typhoid, preceded by an outbreak of dysentery which afliicted practically the
entire population in the municipi^ water district. This epidemic in 1911 came as a
climax to the increasingly unsatisfactory conditions in connection with the public
water supply. The investigation and suppression of this epidemic have already
been reported in detail.
The public water works system was originally established in 1761 and in 1872 was
purchased by the borough, which made some improvements. In 1911, however, the
supply was still derived from a spring and well located on the east bank of Mon-
ocacy Creek, not far from its mouth in the Lehigh River, and between the high
bluffs on either side, above which are located the old town of Bethlehem to the east
and to the west the recently annexed portion of the borough once known as West
Bethlehem. The sewage of these two communities, in quantities increasing largely
in recent years with the extensive increase in house sanitation, is discharged almost
entirely into the underlying cavernous limestone formation of these hills. The
spring was probably a pure supply for many years but the extent of its pollution
recently is shown conclusively in previous reports of this Department, as weU as
in what follows. There was also an emergency intake in Monocacy Creek. The
municipal supply is furnished only in the old town ; the West Bethlehem district
and the borough of South Bethlehem and surrounding districts are supplied by the
Bethlehem City Water Company with filtered Lehigh River water.
The local agitation for a better water supply was first brought to the attention
of this Department in 1907, at which time the Commissioner of Health in a formal
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 083
decree condemned the existing source of supply and ordered the local authorities
to prepare plans for a pure supply. Without first receiving approval of this De-
partment, the borough installed two drilled wells at lUicks Mills in the Monocacy
valley, a mile above the town. Subsequently, on July 16, lUOS, a formal permit
was issued for this source of supply in response to an application, since tests did
not reveal any contamination, although this permit specilically called attention to
the fact that,
•Though the wells are deep and at a considerable distance from
thickly built up communities it is not at all impossible that their water
may at some time be polluted by the waters from Monocacy Creek or
sewage from Bethlehem, more especially if the water in the well is
maintained at a considerable distance below the surface. Therefore,
frequent bacteriological tests of this water shaU be made."
The epidemic of 1911 occurred, however while the municipal authorities were
consummating the arrangements for the introduction of the new supply. After this
calamity matters progressed more rapidly. The installation during the epidemic of
an emergency chemical disinfecting plant at the old spring under the supervision
of the State Department of Health, and subsequently its replacement by a more
complete plant are set forth in a previous report. It was during this time that
the municipal authorities placed the supervision of the water works system under
an experienced bacteriologist.
As a temporary measure the borough was accustomed to secure an auxiliary
supply from a drilled well on the property of the Bethlehem Silk Mill located along
the Monocacy Creek about half a mile up-stream from the borough pumping station.
This water was used in the summer of 1911 and out of fourteen samples collected
between August 28th and October 12th and analyzed by the Department, six showed
the presence of sewage organisms in small numbers. The Department supervised
the installation of a hypochlorite plant at the miU. This supply when used there-
after was treated.
The complete plans for the introduction of the new source of supply from the
drilled wells at lllicks Mills were presented for the approval of this Department on
January 17, 1912, and on March 4, 1912, the plans were approved in a formal
permit under certain conditions and stipulations of which the following are particu-
larly pertinent:
"FIRST: That the improvements as soon as completed shall constitute the only
source of water supply to the borough and that the present pumping station shaU
be abandoned including the spring and the well supply at said station. The pumps
shall be dismantled and all connections between the distributing system and the
said spring and well shall be absolutely severed. And, furthermore, the supply at
the silk mill shall be abandoned and the connection to the water works system at
that Doint shall be severed "
"* SECOND: The borough shall install duplicate apparatus at the lllicks Mills
pumping station for the reasons hereinbefore given."
"THIRD: The borough shall install a hypochlorite of lime treatment plant at
the lllicks Mills Pumping Station and maintain the same in constant readiness
for the treatment of the public water supply and the borough shall have made twice
weekly bacterial tests of its source of supply and whenever it appears that such
supply is polluted, the water shall be treated with a germicide."
"FOURTH: The local authorities should anticipate the installation of a water
filtration plant. If at any time in the opinion of the State Department of Health
the water works system or any part thereof or the water supplied thereby is pre-
judicial to public health, then such remedial measures shall, including possibly a
filtration plant as the Commissioner of Health may advise or approve, be provided
by the borough."
"SIXTH: The introduction of water into the town by means of the public water
works system of the borough under any other condition than those specified in this
permit will be considered to be and will be the obtaining of an additional water
supply without the consent of the State Department of Health and will be in vio-
lation of Act Number One Hundred and Eighty -two of the General Assembly, ap-
proved April twenty-second, nineteen hundred and five, for which penalties wUl
be enforced to the full extent of the law."
The report of Assistant Engineer Moses on the operation of the water works sys-
tem during 1912 and 1913, and on the epidemic and such measures as were insti-
tuted for the betterment of the local conditions is as follows:
Water Works Operation.
Prom records obtained it appears that the old source of water supply, namely,
the spring in the borough, was used until November 5, 1012. at which time water
from the wells at the lllicks Mills plant was first furnished the citizens of Bethle-
hem. This water was not subjected to any treatment. This constituted the entire
supply until November 18. 1912, on which date recourse was had to the old spring
supply on the advice of the borough's bacteriologist because he had found in his
Digitized by VjOOQlC
084
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
analysis of samples of water obtained from the lUicks Mills wells indications of
sewage pollution of this supply, and us the plants at Illicks Mills had been started
before any apparatus was installed by means of which this water could be treated,
the borough's hypochlorite plant being still located at the old pump station. The
permit issued to the borough approving the new source of water supply, intended
that apparatus should be installed with the new supply so as to be ready to treat
this water if it should be necessary, but the borough authorities started this
plant without putting in the necessarj' devices.
Water was pumped from the spring until November 29th ana during the interval,
between November 18th and 29th, the hypochlorite plant was moved from the old
pumping station in the borough to the pumping station at Illicks Mills and there
was set up ai the old pumping station the original hypochlorite dosing apparatus
installed in August, 1911, under the supervision of the State Department of Health.
Also, during this time tests w^ere made of the well water at Illicks Mills to deter-
mine, if possible, the source of the contamination then apparent. The wells were
tested separately and both together. A higher degree of contamination appeared
when the wells were operated separately, the natural inference being that the
heavy draught on a single well probably drew more largely on some polluted
source or several of them. It was thought that possibly surface contamination
found its way into the wells from properties located in the immediate vicinity of
the pumping station, or possibly from Monocncy Creek itself, this stream flowing
directly past the plant. It was reported that surface springs and shallow wells
in the vicinity of the pumping station were affected, the water level therein being
lowered when a ho4ivy draught was made on the drilled wells.
On one other occasion in 1912, subsequent to this first return to the old supply,
recourse was had to the old .spring supply, namely on December U. when the
pumps at the old station were operated for approximately eight hours. The next
date of operation of these pumps was on January 2, 1913, they then being run
for nine hours. While officers of the Department were investigating the typhoid
fever outbreak during January, 1913, notice of an intended resumption of the
spring supply was brouprht to the attention of these representatives and the bor-
ough council was verbally notified not to use this water. However, on January
2l8t, use of this supply was again resumed, being continued until January 22, a
total of about twenty hours.
It appears that the pump installed at the Illicks Mills Station did not develop
the efficiency expected of it under the high friction head in the force main, with
the subsequent result that there was a daily deficiency in the supply to the stand-
pipe, resulting finally in such a low level of water therein that the borough was
obliged to start up the pump at the old station to make up this deficiency. It was
proposed to overcome this state of affairs by substituting larger impeller blades
in the centrifugal pump at the Illicks Mills station which was accomplished on
January 22, 1913, and resulted in an increased efficiency. Also, on July 5, 1913.
an additional pump of two million gallons capacity was installed in connection
with this pumping station. During the summer of 1013 water was obtained pt
various times between May 2oth and July 5th from the well at the Bethlehem
Silk Mill and part of the time was not treated with hypochlorite. After June
26th, when this water was used, the hypochlorite was also used. The supplv
from the wells at Illicks Mills, at times during 1913, was not treated with hypo-
chlorite and the Department's records show that in December, 1913, the use of
hypochlorite with this supply, was discontinued, although the apparatus is main-
jtained in readiness for an emergency.
Typhoid Fever Outbreak in Bethlehem.
In severity, the typhoid fever outbreak occurring in the latter part of 1912.
investigated during January, 1913, is not comparable with that occurring in 1911.
to which reference has already been made. Studies were made regarding twenty-
one cases of typhoid fever occurring in Bethlehem during October, November, and
Decpmber, 1912. One case occurred in October, four in November, and sixteon
in December. There was a total of thirty-five cases for the entire year. The
onset by days of the twenty -one cases is shown in the following table:
'
•
-"
Day.
Oct. Not.
Dec.
Day.
Oct.
Nov. Dec.
1, ..
1
Ifl, .,
1
3. . .
16. ..
■^. ..
Lrt. . .
.^, ..
31. ..
I 1
?; ::
6, ..
». ••
10. ..
11. ..
12. ..
i
1
i'
i 1
1 '
1-
13, ..
14, ..
*l
1
4 ; le ' a
j 1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 985
The onset of the one case in October has been set as October Ist. This was
the case of a woman who had been ailing from another cause from August 19th
and a positive diagnosis of typhoid fever was not made until December, 1912.
The real date of onset, accordingly, is rather uncertain and the case probably
should be placed among those occurring later. The next case in point of onset
came down on November 15 and was an imported case, the patient having worked
in Lehighton for two months prior to his illness. His home in Bethlehem was on
the west side not far from the old borough pumping station. He was ill when
brought home. The investigation on these premises showed that the sanitary con-
ditions were not particularly good. It is thought that possibly infected waste
from these premises may have found its way into the underground caverns and
later through the public water supply have become the source of infection of other
cases nearly all of which were on the east side of the Monocacy Creek. As a matter
of fact only three of the twenty-one cases were in West Bethlehem. The Depart-
ment referred to such a possibility as far back as 1907. It appears that the lime-
stone deposit from which issues the spring, formerly used for the borough's water
supply, is said to have its strike north and south and to pitch in such a way as
to permit house drainage from the town west of Monocacy Creek to find its way
toward the spring.
In the epidemic of 1911 West Bethlehem was practically free from typhoid
fever and dysentery and this time eighteen of the cases studied were located in
Bethlehem proper to the east of Monocacy Creek. Of this number, eight form
a more or less well defined group placed in the southern part of the town near the
old pump station. One of these cases was a secondary. The remaining ten cases
were scattered throughout Bethlehem with two in the vicinity of the standpipes.
four located within three squares on a parallel street two blocks to the north, and
the other four scattered in the section nearest Monocacy Creek.
With reference to the water supplies used, the facts are shown concisely in
the following table, in which it is seen that by far the greater number of the
patients using one single supply had used that furnished by the Bethlehem
borough municipal system:
Water Supplies Used by Typhoid Patients in Bethlehem.
Bethlehem borough municipal supply , only, 9 cases
Bethlehem borough municipal and cistern 6 cases
Bethlehem City Water Company supply, only, lease
Both public supplies and others, 3 cases
Various supplies, 2 cases
Total, 21 cases
The Bethlehem borough municipal system is the only public supply in the old
part of Bethlehem east of Monocacy Creek. As previously stated this district con-
tained all of the above cases except three. The first was imported, practically the
original case of this outbreak, and occurred November 15th. The second case, al-
though living in West Bethlehem u^ed the municipal supply regularly. The third
caae was a six-year-old boy. Nothing very definite can be said as to the origin of
this case. He may have drunk municipal water while away from home.
Unless this outbreak can be ascribed to an infected water supply, it must be •
classed as unknown, except where definite causes have been assigned in the in-
stances of the secondary and the imported cases. The significant feature of the
outbreak, as appears from the table showing the onsets, is that all but five of the
cases came down in December, that is, after the spring water had been again
Sumped into the mains subsequent to the furnishing of the supply from the lUicks
fills wells. The spring water supply was furnished the public up to November
5th and the well water from November 5th to 18th and during this interval two
cases occured, one of which was imported, the other being classed as unknown.
On November 18th the borough started pumping from the old spring continuing
until the 29th and during this period two additional cases came down, one on the
25th and the other on the 28th. But about two weeks after the spring water
was first pumped into the mains the December cases started to come down, the
first one with an onset on December 3rd, from which time to the 16th, inclusive,
twrfve cases occurred.
Digitized by
Google
086 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
The following taUe shows the age periods of the cases studied:
Off. Doc.
Acea.
1
Male.
1
Female, i
Total.
daasiflcatloii.
#4
1
Infants
1
i^»
2
Children.
4
10-14
} Minors
6
lS-1^,
Of age
20-34
7
K-9,
V Middle ase
2
40-44,
Old age,
4&-49,
»+,
1
Total,
I Total
12
»
n
a
From the classification shown in this table it is seen that the great majority
of the cases fall into the early age period, in fact, all but three were under thirty
years of age. It is a known fact that in communities having a water supply sub-
ject to more or less continuous contamination there appears to be a certain im-
munity acquired by the users of such a supply, so that in case of an outbreak of a
water borne disease it is expected that the disease will have its greatest prevalence
among those falling into the early age period becauso they have not, through long
continued use of this supply, developed the immunity which their elders have.
This mav be the case in this instance.
In addition, a study of the various occupations of the patients, as shown in
the table below, reveals the fact that fourteen of the twenty -one cases may be
classed as "stay-at-homes." This grouping includes four housewives, eight stu-
dents and two children. Again the most of these fall into the early age period,
and, as a rule, persons in this group make use of but the one public water supply,
whereas persons engaged in various occupations travel around considerably and
are more likely to use a varied supply.
Occupation.
No. Gases.
Classifleation.
TTonscwif c
Stay-at-Homes:
Housewife, 4
StDdent
At home,
Student S
Carpenter,
At home, 3
Huckster
Total . ' 14
Brick mason
Miflcellaneous T
Machinist
Laborer
1
Total ,
21
Total a
In connection with the study of this outbreak all possible sources of infection
were looked into, and this/ of course, included the use of raw shell fish and ice,
as well as milk. Of the twenty-one patients fifteon had used no raw shell fish,
while six had at various times used food of this character obtained from as many
different sources. Only four had used any ice within a month prior to their
illness and this was of the manufactured variety.
An investigation of the milk supplies used shows that there were fifteen supplies
involved in the twenty -oue cases. Four of the supplies served two patients each:
one supply had three of the patients and ten individual dealers served one patient
each. In view of these facts milk must be eliminated as a possible source of in-
fection. Notwithstanding this conclusion, when the officers of the Department
learued that some of the milk men were taking containers from homes in which
cases of typhoid fever existed, a prompt order was given to milk men through
the local Board of Health to cease this practice. From the records it appears
that at that time there were twenty-nine dealerp serving milk in Bethlehem and
to each one a copy of the following letter, issued by the local Board of Health,
was sent on January 11, 1913:
"Referring to Section 8 of the milk license which is a part of the borough ordi-
nance, and which license has been executed by you, and is in the hands of the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
(COMMISSIONER OlP HEALTH.
087
Borough Secretary, Mr. Victor E. Tice> would advise that it has been discovered
that empty milk containers or bottles have been taken away from several houses
wherein exist cases of typhoid fever.
'*We wish to respectfully but with emphasis notify you that this practice is in
direct violation of your contract with the borough as a milk vender and also
in direct violation of the ordinance, and is punishable as a misdemeanor > with a
fine as prescribed by the ordinance.
•*The clause or section referred to is as follows, to wit:—
" *I also agree not to take any vessel used for the purpose of conveying milk,
from any residence in which there is or has been a case of contagious disease, until
said vessel has been thoroughly disinfected, according to the rules and regula-
tions established by the Bethlehem Board of Health.' "
"We trust that you have not been guilty of any violation of this ordinance, and
that you will be governed accordingly by the instructions contained in our letter.'*
Ck)n8idering all the facts collected concerning these cases, the most likely source
of infection appears to have been the public water supply obtained for a short
period of time from the old spring which was known to be dangerous and which
had been condemned by the State Department of Health. It is presumed that while
this water was being pumped it was also being treated with a germicide, but the
Department knows that on occasions prior to this time there had been n^lect in
the dosing of this water. At this time a short period may have occurred in which
the water was not dosed when an infected supply may have been pumped into the
system, possibly in a small amount, and have been the cause of the disease among
these patients. The fact that the outbreak was not more wide spread may be
accounted for by supposing that such lapses in the dosing were probably of com^
paratively short duration and the water which passed at such times was mixed
to a certain extent with the dosed water immediately preceding and following,
thus accomplishing some degree of disinfection. Weight is given to this theory
by the fact that eight of the cases were grouped near the old pumping station
where any such mixing of undosed water would not have taken place.
For purposes of comparison there are inserted here tables showing typhoid fever
caaee occurring in Bethlehem from 1904 to 1913, inclusive, the figures given having
been reported to the Department. It is quite probable that those for the last few
years appearing in the table are more accurate than for the first few years. It is
well known that during the first few years of the existence of the Department
considerable difficulty was encountered in securing accurate reports from physi-
cians.
Month.
Tear.
JmnnaiTi ••
Febraary, . .
March
i&t' .::;:::
June
July
▲nsiut. . . . .
September,
Octobtf, ..
November,
December,
Total,
1901 1 1906. 1906.- 1907. 1908. 1900. 1910. 19U. 1912. 1918.
1 ,
1
0 1
o|
0<
»!
61
61
1 '
43'
0 I
0
Jl
Si
V
0
0
0 1
?l
1
oi
IS ,
69 I
V
2\
80'
109 .
The other table shows the cases of typhoid fever by years 1908 to 1913, inclusive,
for the municipalities comprising what is known as the Bethlehem district. Pro-
portionately, the case rate is higher in Bethlehem than in South Bethlehem and
the other boroughs, in which, of course, the Bethlehem municipal supply is not
furnished .
Tear.
Name of Place.
1906.
1909.
1»10.
1911.
1912.
1918.
Pomila-
tlon in
1910.
Bethlehem
43
53
1
12
25
1
Z
80
65
0
0
109
•95
4
7
15
82
8
0
24
29
0
1
12,8ar7
19,978
1,888
LOW
^Atitli Ttpf hiehem
'BtenntA.ln Hill
Northampton Heighta,
•Epidemic attributed to water at local indastrial plant.
Digitized by
Google
988 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Summary.
The outbreak was of short duration. There were too few cases to form an abso-
lutely definite conclusion as to the source of infection but, as before stated, the
evidence to a polluted water supply. As precautionary measures the milk dealers
were notified to use the proper care in the distribution of this food product ; cases
of insanitary conditions at homes where typhoid fever cases existed were reported
to the proper health authorities, with the result that orders were issued to make
the necessary corrections at such places so as to reduce the possibility of contact
cases following the primary cases housed in such dwellings ; plugs were opened at
various points on the water works system so as to flush the distribution system;
and a careful investigation of the entire water works system, particularly as relates
to the Illicks Mills supply, was instituted.
The property owners in the neighborhood of this pumping station were inter-
viewed in an endeavor to secure any light on the probability of a contamination
of this source of supply from a surface source in the immediate vicinity of the
wells. Stories were afloat to the effect that when heavy draughts were made on
the wells at Illicks Mills the water supply in the shallow dug wells on several
farms in this locality was considerably diminished or entirely exhausted. Con-
flicting testimony on this point was had. The borough of Bethlehem did, how-
ever, enter into an agreement with one of the property owners to supply him
wiUi water from the wells through a pipe carried to his dwelling because said
property owner daimed that the pumping of the drilled wells at the Dlicks Mills
Fumping Station had damaged his water supply. By this agreement the borough
was released from damages. The borough did not admit the claims of the owner
of this property but made the agreement in order to save litigation. It is possible
that further tests will be made by the borough to determine whether surface con-
tamination can get into these drilled wells and this is of course advisable. One
thing at least is certain, the borough should not use the old spring supply as there
cannot be any doubt as to its pollution by sewage and the danger attendant on the
use of such a source of puhlic water supply.
18. TYPHOID FEVER AT CONNELLSVILLE AND SOUTH CONNEIJ.S-
VILLE.
In Connellsville and the surrounding district there has been continuously a
high typhoid fever record, but in January of this year the cases reported were
strikingly more numerous than before and it was deemed advisable to make an in-
vestigation. Accordingly Assistant Engineer Christian L. Siebert was sent to
Connellsville on February 5th and his report of the investigation and emergency
measures instituted is given below.
The city of Connellsville is situated on the north central part of Fayette
County and lies on both sides of the Youghiogheuy River. Its population is esti-
mated at 15,000 and it is the centre of the famous coke district, the coke industry
being the leading one in the borough. The Friok Coke Company, the Slicro Iron
and Steel Company, and the Soisson Fire Brick Company are the principal works
in the town. The Pittsburgh and Lake Erie, Wostern Maryland, Baltimore ami
Ohio, and Pennsylvania Railroads enter the town, and excellent interurban trolley
service is maintained by the West Penn Railways Company to Uniontown, Green.s-
burg, Scottdale. and other neighboring towns.
South Connellsville is a newly created borough of nearly 1.000 population. It
is located immediately beyond the southern line of Connellsville. The American
Sheet and Tin Plate Company a few years ago operated a large plant at South
Connellsville but this has been abandoned.
Typhoid Fever.
There were thirty-seven cases in all and the salient feature noticed in the tabu-
lation was that twenty-one of them were supplied with railk from the Geisler
dairy, while no other dairy supplied more than three cases and the Geisler dairy
had no more customers than several others. This evidence was strong enough to
warrant a thorough investigation at the Geisler dairy farm, and on February 10th
Dr. O. R. Altman, County Medical Inspector, and the writer visited and in-
spected the premises.
Geisler Dairy Farms.
The Geisler dairy farm is well situated on a sloping hillside in Dunbar Town-
ship about four miles south of Connellsville. The dairy is owned and operated by
John and Andrew Geisler, who, with their families, reside on the premises. John
Geisler's family consists of his wife, their eleven children aged between one and
twenty-three years, Mrs. John Geisler, Jr.. and her infant son and threo chil-
dren of Mrs. Fankhauser, who is a daughter of .John Geisler. Andrew Geisler
has no children and he and his wife live in a wing separated from the main part
of the house. The total population of the house is twenty but it is a large house
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OB^ HEALTH. WO
and appeared clean and in order at all times. A well constructed privy is located
about fifty feet south of the house on ground lower than *nd sloping away from
all other buildings and over ti^o hundred yards distant from a stream.
The stable is a large, airy building well constructed and cleanly kept. The
floor is of brick laid in concrete, except in front of the stalls where it is of day.
Well sloped gutters insure good drainage and running water is available for
flushing. Manure is hauled to the fields each day and is never allowed to accumu-
late in or near the stable.
The water supply of the stable is a spring about eight hundred feet to the
northwest near the crest of a hill and much high^ than any of the buildings on
the Geisler farm or any neighboring farm. The spring is walled in and covered
and is piped to the barn and the watering trough, the domestic supply being taken
from the constantly flowing influent at the latter place.
The spring is said to have a constant ' flow and even temperature and it is
never known to become turbid. From a physical examination the source of supply
woul<f be considered ideal and the results of analy-ses appended to this report con
firm this opinion.
There were thirty-four cows, all clean fine looking animals, at the Geisler farm
at the time of the investigation. The daily yield of milk was said to be about
forty gallons. All milk is cooled in cans immediately after milking by allowing
the cans to stand in the watering trough in the flowing spring water for a con-
siderable time. This is a large trough and kept Olean. It is a watering trough
only in name for the stock is watered at another trough in the stable.
In addition to this supply milk is bought from two neighbors, Doums and
White, in quantities of eight and two gallons a day, respectively. These two
dairies were inspected and found to be in good condition, with no history of typhoid
fever on either farm.
The milk is distributed only in cans and no mixing is done either at the farm
or in the wagon. The cans and all other containers are scrubbed and washed each
day with hot water containing soap powder, scalded, and finally rinsed several
times in fresh spring water. The methods practised seem to be above reproach
under ordinary conditions.
The route followed in distributing milk is shown on the map accompanying this
report. About one hundred customers are supplied in the West Side of Oonndls
ville and ten hotels and a few families are supplied in old Connellsville .
History of Illness on Geisler Farm.
The following facts were learned from the family physician. Dr. G. W.
Gallagher, and from members of the Geisler family. On October 19th, 1912,
r^ewis Fankhauser, a son-in-law of John Geisler,. developed typhoid fever on the
Johnson farm near Mont Braddock in Dunbar Township. He was taken to the
house of John Geisler on October 21st, 1912, and died on November 14th. His
family, a wife and three children, from that time made their home with John
Geisler. Beginning November 20th Mrs. Fvcwis Fankhauser suffered a two weeks*
illness diagnosed as grippe and on January 12th, 1913, she was confined. Adela
Fankhauser, age two years, was taken sick December 4th, 1912, with so-called
pneumonia (not typical) and recovered in about two weeks. Beginning December
■ 26th Joseph Geisfler, age twelve years, son of John Geisler, suffered an illness
of about two weeks* duration diagnosed as grippe. The physician was in doubt
for several days of his diagnosis of the latter case, but because of the quick re-
covery he felt sure it was not typhoid fever. On February 1st, 1913, Francis
Geisler, age nine years, was taken sick and on February 10th both Dr. Gallagher
and Dr. Altman diagnosed the case as typhoid fever. Specimens of blood for
Widal tests were taken from Francis Geisler, the sick boy, Lewis Geisler, age
seven years, who showed signs of fever, but felt well the following day, and
Helen Geisler, age seventeen years, who had entire charge of the distribution
of the milk, but who evidenced no symptoms whatever of any illness. All these
Widal tests were found neirative at the laboratories of the Department, but Drs.
Gallagher and Altman did not change their diagnosis of Francis Geisler, and
this case has since run the course of typhoid fever.
Action Taken.
Having decided in conference with County Medical Inspector, Dr. Altman,
that the history in the Geisler family indicated that all or some of the illness
may have been typhoid fever in an atypical form and that the epidemiological
findings were sufficient evidence to warrant precautionary measures being taken
at the dairy it was determined to follow the usual steps in case of typhoid fever on
a dairy farm. AcHH)rdingly the writer personally sterilized every milk can and
measure by steaming for forty minutes and carefully washed all milk pails and
other oppu utensils with a strong solution of chloride of lime. All the Cleaned
and sterilized containers were then placed in the milk house without having come
in contact in any way with any of the members of the family. In the meantime
^fr. Dunn, health officer of Dunbar Township, had been notified of the circum-
stances and he fumigated the wing of the house occupied by Andrew Geisler and
Digitized by
Google
EIGHTH ANNItAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
the dothing of all those occupied in the handling of the milk. These were John
Geisler, driver of the milk wagon; Helen Geisler, distributor of milk; Andrew
Geisler, milker, and Mrs. Andrew Geisler. These four were then ordered to live
in the wing of the house, to have no communication whatever with those living;
in Uiat part of the house occupied by the patient and to wash frequently, especially
before handling the milk, using mercury bichloride tablets supplied them.
The Geisler brothers were apparently sincere in wishing to exercise the greatest
care in their dairy and the steps taken were very much appreciated by them. They
were made to understand the dangers of infection of the milk and the precautionn
necessary to avert such danger and the writer felt positive that they could be en-
trusted with the operation of the dairy under the circumstances. The township
health officer was instructed to make occasional visits to the dairy to see that it
was being operated as advised and that all necessary precautions were being taken .
Other Milk Supplies.
To make the investigation complete it was intended carefully to inspect all
other dairies supplying Connellsville and South Connellsville and to collect com-
plete data, with particular reference to any history of typhoid. Upon asking tho
local health officer to furnish a list of all the dairies it was found that the reoords
of the Board of Health were incomplete and that the ordinance concerning dairy
registration and inspection was not generally enforced. Consequentiy it was im-
possible to make a thorough study of the dairies. Other than the Geisler dairy
the only thing of importance was the trading of bottles by William H. Baer, a town
distributor, with Lloyd Cox, a typhoid patient at 130 Snyder street. The bor-
ough health authorities were instructed to see that this practice was diseontinaed .
The general data on milk were too incomplete to incorporate in this report.
The following table shows the number of cases of typhoid as to milk supplies:
Typhoid Fever Cases Among the Customers of Milk Dealers.
Dairy.
Number
of
Oases.
Number of Oonsnmers.
.Tnhn Geisler A Brother
21
a
1
lOD families and 10 hotels
FrRnk Zftchfirliis •••••
175 famllios and 2 hotels
William SaiDDSon
No information, not registered.
One cow, not registered.
12 customers.
Mrs Herd
Johnson .. ••
Bailey,
No information, not registered.
200 customers.
William H. Baer
Strlner
50 customers.
W B Coufrhenoor ...•••..
SOO customers.
Abe Lleb ,...
No information, not registered.
Mra Dublin
One cow not registered.
Samuel Colir ••>•
No information, not reglsttf^ed.
'
"
Water Supply.
All of the cases of typhoid used tho city wnt^r which is supplied by the Con-
nellsville Water Company, a subsidiary of the American Water Works and
Guarantee Company of Pittsburph. There arc very few private water supplies,
it being estimated that about 13,000 of the 15,000 population regularly use the
city supply.
The water works Rystem as operated since the summer of 1912 consists of two
supplies, — McCoy reservoir and nlterod Yoiitjhiogbeny River water.
McCoy reservoir is situated on McCoy Ri^n in the enstorn part of South Con-
nellsville and about one mile south of the Connellsville city line. A dam
forms the basin for the reservoir which has a storage capacity of about five mil-
lion gallons. The supply from this reservoir is not sufficient to furnish nil tho
water from Connellsville. It is connected to th«» low level system and is supple-
mented from the filtered water force mnins. which nre imder higher pressure.
The filter plant and pump station nre locMfed on tlie east bank of the Yough-
iogheny River about two miles nbove ConiielNville, The filters consist of three
cylindricnl horizontal pressure filters instnllod by the New York Continental
Jewell Manufacturing Company. These filters nre operated as gravity filters and
have a capacity of close to two million gnll«)ns a day The force main from the
pumps is connected to the distributing system of the town and supplements the
supply from the McCoy reservoir, the reservoir acting really as an equaliiser. It
is impossible to determine which parts of the town are supplied with McCoy
reservoir water and which with filtered water.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
d91
The watershed of McCoy Run is sparsely inhabited and the water has been
considered satisfactory, the results of analyses beiiig generally good. The filter
plant is not as good as might be desired, but the results of analyses of water
samples collected by Department officers fail to show that the supply was then
polluted. The results are appended to this report.
The condition of the water supply and the nature of the outbreak do not seem
to indicate that the typhoid could be entirely water borne. If the cases were
more numerous and not confined in an^ one district, or if the facts did not as
clearly indicate another source of infection the water might be considered in deal-
ing with the cause of the abnormal frequency of typhoid, but as it is, it cannot
be regarded as the primary source of the epidemic.
BACTRRIOLOQIOAL ANAI.1SBS OF WATBR SAMPLES OOLLBGTBD AT CONNELLSVILI^.
HADB BY THK LABORATOBT OF THB STATE DSPARTMBNT OF HBALTH.
Received at Laboratory January lltb.
1. Oeisler farm, upper spring
2. G«isler Farm, upper spring,
3. GMsler (arm, barn, spring line,
4. (jplsler tmrm, inflnent to water trougb,
5. Tap SOI, Snyder St. (Breakneck reserrolr)
8. Tap Hotel Royal (filtered water)
Beceived at Laboratory Febmaiy IStb.
7. Raw water
8. Tap, filter No. 1
9. Tap, niter No. 2, ,
101 Tap, filter No. S
11. Tap, aw Wlllla Road
12. Tap, Hotel Koyal
Received at Laboratory February 14tb.
13. Raw water
14. Tap, filter No. 1, S bonrs after wasbing,
15. Tap, filter No. 2, 8 boura after wasbing
16. Tap, filter No. 3, 8 boars after wasbing,
17. Tap, pnmp station
18. Sedimentation tank
19. Mrs. Sbellenberger, tap, S. ConnellBville,
». Clyde Wllmer, tap, Allegbeny & Tbird Sts.. S. Connellsville,
21. W. S. Rimer, tap, S. Connellsville,
22. Atlas Hotel, tap, S. Connellsville «
23. Hotel Royal,
24. Tap, Doll's Ltvezy
1
Bacteria
B.
Coli
Per C. 0.
1
PerO.
C.
100 1
40'
40 1
T \
17
17!
180
0
3
0,
70 1
126>
50;
0<
2
8
1
45 1
1
5
3i
3
50l
60
63
Digitized by
Google
092
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
im
^n S3
§
s
..JSE
Ir-
fl O at O
O^ OS o
S o • sr" e • -
o
a
.(J (J
8S -.-I 8
5
at
Q
C^ 0> A A A A <7> 0> A ^ A O^ d> 0> ^ ^ 9k 0> tfk ^ ^ 0> 0> O Ok ^ Ok d) 0> ^ O) A ^ ^ tfk 9% 0^
^^ «: *:^ i^ i^i;^i'i;i;i!i:i;ifi;li: 3 S S S S S S S § 3 S S S S S S a»
8a2?J^;3f3!1'"!«?^2*$5a«F3"«»SdSSS!*BSJ**S8''a5'«*8
^ N M ■« la CO r- 00 o
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 993
Other Possible Sources of Infection.
The common sources of infection such as flies, ice, uncooked vegetables and
fruits, ice cream, unsanitary conditions, and contact may be disposed of as
follows:
This outbreak was confined to December and .January and it is not necessary
to consider flies as a source of infection because of the season of the year.
Ice cannot be regarded as a source of infection since it was used in only a
very few of the households in which typhoid occurred.
Uncooked vegetables and fruits are undoubtedly used somewhat, but in a com-
munity the size of Connellsville it is almost impossible to draw any conclusions
concerning their source. The limited spread of the epidemic also indicates that
this source of infection played no important part.
Ice cream does not seem to demand consideration in this investigation. It was
used by a few of those ill, but having been purchased and manufactured at numer-.
ous places there is nothing significant in its use.
Unsanitary conditions need not be considered since most of the households in
which cases occurred had good sewer connections, were well located and clean.
Contact.
Contact seems to play a considerable part in the outbreak, it being possible to
connect fourteen of the thirty-seven cases with previous cases.
On December 1st, 1912, Nicholas Hoye, an engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio
Kailroad, and residing at the Baltimore House, was taken sick with typhoid fever.
He remained at the Baltimore House untH December 30th when he was removed
to Union town where he died January 17th, 1913. On December 12th, 1912, Ray-
mond Murray, a fireman on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, working with
Nicholas Hoye and also residing at the Baltimore House, was taken sick with
typhoid fever. Four other cases of typhoid fever occurred in rather rapid suc-
cession in the Baltimore House, viz.— Mary O'Hara, child, December 15th:
Thomas O'Hara, child, December 20th; Martin O'Hara, Jr., child, December
20th, and Pauline Verbosky, domestic, December 31st. The two cases having
December 20th as the date of onset may be attributed either to contact or to in-
fected milk, since they are included in the group of nine cases occurring in four
successive days (December 18 to 21 inclusive), each of these cases being supplied
with milk from the Geisler dairy. The O'Hara cases were children of Martin
O'Hara, proprietor of the Baltimore House.
The other apparent primary case related to cases developing later was Mrs.
Eleanor Ashe who was taken sick on December 5th, 1912. Two cases which were
possibly contacts of this primary case were her hu.sband, Harry Ashe, taken sick
December 18th and her infant son, Thomas Ashe, whose date of onset was De-
cember 20th. The two latter cases are, however, a part of the group of nine
persons, all consumers of milk from the Geisler dairy, who took sick between De-
cember 18th and December 21st inclusive. In addition, Harry Ashe was employed
as a clerk in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station, and although he had very
little communication with any person in the railroad shops the possibility war-
rants the consideration of this case in connection with the other cases in the
shops.
. Three -cases having direct communication with Nicholas Hoye, Raymond Murray
and each other in the railroad shops are as follows: William Guthrie, storeroom
derk, December 18th, 1912; William Griffith, laborer, January 2nd, 1913, and
Lloyd Cox, blacksmith, January 17th. 1913. None of these three cases had used
milk supplied by the Geisler dairy. Throe other cases, probably contacts, are
Esther Guthrie, taken sick January 2nd. who was a sister of William Guthrie, and
Raymond and Albert Griffith, sons of William Griffith, both token sick on January
14th. None of these cases had boon supplied with milk from the Geisler dairy.
One other possible contact case is Mrs. Margaret Wood, who was taken sick
Fobruary 6th, 1913. after having nursed her two' daughter, Helen and Elizabeth,
who were taken sick with tjMihoid fever on January 26th and 30th, respectively!
Mrs. Wood was also a user of milk from Geisler*s dairy but since her date of onset
does not fall into any of the group of cases considered heretofore as probably caused
by Geisler milk it would seem more reasonable to attribute her infection to contact
63—14—1916
Digitized by
Google
9di
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The following tables show the number of cases with respect to age, sex, occupa-
tion, attending physician, and disposal of sewage. The only significant feature is
the number of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad employees some of whom were probably
infected by contact.
Cases as to Age and Sex.
Age.
0-4,
5- »
10-U
16-19
20-24
26-29,
80-84
35-89
40-44
45-49
GO-over, . .
Total.
Male.
Female.
24
18
TotaL
Occupations.
Clerks 7 (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 2).
Housewives, 3
Children. 8
South Connellsville school, 3
Parochial school 3
Second Ward school, 2
Domestics, 2
Retired 1
Machinist, 1
Seventh street school, 1
Fourth street school, 1
Ookeworker 1
Teacher, 1
Stenographer 1
Greenwood school, 1
Tyocomotive engineer, 1 (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad).
T/ocomotive fireman 1 (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad).
Blacksmith, 1 (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad).
Laborer 1 (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) .
South Side school, 1
At home, 1
Total, 37
Attending Physician.
Kerr, 8 Edmonds 2
Baker, 5 Junk 1
White 5 Gallagher, 1
Churchill 4 Colburn 1
Francis 3 Frante 1
Eckert 2 Unknown 2
Bell, 2
Total, 37
Disposal of Sewage.
Sewer connection , 24
Privy 8
Both sewer connection ancj privy, 5
Total, 37
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
dd5
Gondnsions.
The number of cases using milk supplied by the Geisler dairy and the fact of
there having been ^phoid fever on the premises of the dairy compared with the
lack of evidence against any other possible source of primary infection seem reasons
enough to warrant the statement that the infection of the Geisler milk supply was in
a great measure the cause of the excessive typhoid in ConnellsviUe and South Con-
nefisviUe during December 1912 and January 1913.
The arrangement of the dates of onset as given on a table included in this report
is not typical of an outbreak caused b^ an infected milk supply, but considering the
fact that in the operation of this dairy no milk was mixed in the cans and that
milk was distributed in large quantities to certain customers it is possible that
only one or two cases were infected at first, possibly as many as nine in the second
group about nineteen days later, and three in each of two rather indefinite groups
occuring still later. Of the fourteen cases having been in contact with previously
developed cases on such dates as to warrant the consideration of contact possible
infection from the earlier cases eight were users of milk from the Geisler dairy,
and of these ei^ht four had dates of onset which are considered in the groups at-
tributable to milk infection. This leaves but six of the entire thirty-seven cases
investigated which are not attributable directly or indirectly to a specific cause. Con-
sidering all the evidence, the writer thinks that the outbreak was, in the main,
due to infected mHk supply and contact infection . -
19. TYPHOID FEVER AT FRANKLIN, VENANGO COUNTY.
Thirty-eight cases of typhoid fever in the city of Franklin. Venango County, and
six cases in the adjacent village of Rocky Grove in Sugar Creek Township were
investigated during the early part of December of the current year by officers of
this Department. The investigation was made in response to a request by telegraph
from J. Howard Smiley, made December 1st upon his assuming the duty of City
Commissioner of Franklin, in charge of public health and safety. Assistant Engineer
Wilham H. Ennis and Inspector Ira F.* Zeigler arrived in Franklin the following
morning.
The number of cases of typhoid fever occurring in Franklin City in the past
eight years according to the reports made to the State Department of Health at
Harrisburg by the local authorities in compliance with the State law are given
in the following table. Franklin has an estimated population of 10,000. Its
population was 9,767 in 1910 and 7,317 in 1900.
Franklin Typhoid Fever Cases Reported to the State Department of Health.
1
6
March.
April.
I
5
i
1
1
i
1
1
1
1W7,
IMS,
IMS.
IMO.
1»1.
ins.
IfU.
u
1
I I
0
\\
0 ,
^1
0
7
S
7
9
S2
IS
6
S
8
0
12
4
6
10
17
2
4
0
2
1
7
94
»
72
28
25
41
64
87
The outbreak of typhoid in the fall of 1907 was investigated by this Department
in connection with the public water works and its auxiliary supply from French
Creek was considered to have been the source of infection. Even before this
there was local dissatisfaction with the French Creek source, which was con-
sidered responsible for the high typhoid rate. The agitation resulted in the in-
troduction of a filter plant in 1908 after plans therefor had been approved by
this Department. In 1900, the public water works system was purchased from
the Venango Water Company by the city which has operated it from that time.
That part of the supply obtained from French Creek has continued to be a
source of trouble even since the introduction of the filter plant which has not been
maintained and operated up to modern standards of water purification practice.
In the fall of 1911 and continuing through the winter and into the spring of 1912,
there was an undue amount of typhoid in Franklin and, in June 1912, the De-
partment conducted an efficiency test of the filter plant as a result of which a
decree was issued to the city authorities advising them that an experienced engineer
ehould be engaged to examine the plant and make recommendations for over-
Digitized by
Google
896 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
hauling it and bringing it up to a proper stcmdard of efliciency. The municipal
authorities in charge of water works devised plans for remodeling details of the
plant, imderestimating, in all sincerity, the scope of the revision necessary.
A thorough investigation under the direction of the local authorities was later
made by a consulting water works engineer, Mr. L. E. Chapin, and under date
of October 26th, 1912, application was made to this Department for approval
of plans for the remodeling of the filter plant. On November 18, 1912. a permit
was issued to Franklin for the proposed changes subject to the following condi-
tions and stipulatiqns:
*'FIR8T: Approval is hereby given for the use of the high pressure water for
washing until the summer of nineteen hundred and thirteen when a cheaper method
should be adopted.
SECOND: The city shall forthwith make the improvements proposed by Mr.
Chapin and herein and hereby approved under his skilled supervision or the re-
sponsible supervision of some other filter expert equally competent to render the
services.
THIRD: The filter plant when improved shall be operated for six months under
the responsible supervision of the expert who directs the making of the improve-
ments and during this time the operators shall be instructed in proper filter plant
operation and in the making of daily alkalinity determinations of the raw water.
FOURTH: The city shall keep daily records of the operation of the filter plant
and water works system on blank forms satisfactory to the State Department of
Health and copies thereof shall be filed in the State Department of Health at
least monthly and more often if required.
FIFTH: Bacteriological analyses of the raw and of the filtered water shall be
made by the city at intervals frequent enough to show whether the filter plant
19 being efficiently operated and copies of these tests shall be filed in the office
of the State Department of Health.
SIXTH: If at any time in the opinion of the State Department of Health
the water works system or the water supplied thereby or any part thereof ha^
become prejudicial to public health, then such remedial measures shall be adopted
by the city as the Commissioner of Health shall advise or approve."
Th6 remodeling of the plant was completed in March 1913 under the supervision
of the designing engineer in substantial accordance with the plans. The third
stipulation of the permit, however, hiis not been complied with. The designing
engineer has not had responsible supervision of the plant and the only supervision
exercised has been by an operator of a filter plant at some little distance from
Franklin. He makes weekly visits to collect samples for bacteriological analysis
and to instruct the operators in the operation of the plant and the making of
daily alkalinity tests of the creek water. This is not the close supervision which
this Department intended the plant should have and which the interests of the
public health demand. Further reference will be made to the bacteriological
That part of the public supply drawn from French Creek has continued unsatis-
factory under these conditions, but this must not be considered prejudicial to filtra-
tion if properly supervised in accordance with host modern practice, the require-
ments of which the local authorities have failed fully to appreciate.
Punblic Water Works.
The pumping station is located near the south bank of French Creek about half
a mile above Franklin.
The creek, following a general easterly course, passes through the town between
the Third Ward to the north and the Second Ward to the south, bends to the
south along the eastern side of the Seoond Ward and joins the Allegheny River
opposite the northern end of the First Ward which stretches along the west bank
of the lower part of the creek and the river south of the junction. The town,
especially the older part, is pretty completely sewered upon the combined system
to both the creek and the^ river. Comprehensive plans for the future are being
prepared in accordance with permits and decrees issued by the State Department
of Health. These decrees and those issued relative to the water works system
and published in earlier reports of the Department described in detail the town
and its water works and sewerage systems.
The low service water distributing district comprises the flats along the river
and creek, including extensive manufacturing plnuts in the Third Ward along the
creek and in the southern part of the First Ward, for Franklin is a manufacturing
centre with good railroad facilities as well as the county seat of Venango County.
High service water distributing districts have ber^n estoblished. including the
less closely built up residontial districts on the hills north and south of the creek.
Gurney and Plummor Hills in the Second Ward are supplied by gravity from a
system of enclosed springs and tanks from which the surplus overflows to the low
service system.
Oak and Gardner Hills, north of the creek in the Third Ward, are supplied
from a tank on Oak Hill which is ff^d by a foroe main direct from the pumping
station. This system extends into Rnrky Grove Village in Sugar Creek Town-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HB3ALTH.
997
ship. The entire town can be put under the pressure of the Oak Hill tank. High
up on Oak Hill thirty families are supplied from Stony Spring, the system having
no connection with the rest of the town.
Bully Hill Spring serves about twentv-five dwellings in the southern extreme
of the town and the surplus flows into the low ser^dce system.
In Cranberry Township across the river from Franklin is au entirely indeDendent
system 8upplyin|^ a few dwellings from a spring. These districts outside of the
city were supplied by the Venango Water Company and since its purchase the
city has maintained the service.
All of the springs are enclosed in masonry structures and well protected and
there is no reason to suspect the supplies in connection with the typhoid fever
in Franklin.
The main low service supply is furnished by a force main directly from the
pumping station, where there are wells, beside the creek intake.
A dug well eight feet in diameter and thirty-five feet deep excavated through
gravel to sand stone and walled up in cement masonry perforated for the entrance
of ground water is located up stream from the pumping station and 250 feet from
the bank of the creek. Down stream from the pumping station within a distanc«i
of 225 feet and 250 feet from the creek is a series of eight drilled wells sunk
through thirty-six feet of gravel and forty feet of sandstone to shale. Suction
pipes connect the drilled wells and the dug well to the pumping station .
The intake from French Creek is into a settling well eighteen feet square and
quite deep, on the bank of the creek north of the pumping station. It is excavated
to rock. There is a suction pipe from this well to the pump station and all water
drawn from French Creek is filtered in the filtration plant adjacent to the pumping
station .
The French Creek supply has been used regularly to augment the other sources
only since the introduction of the filter plant as previoufifly noted. There are four
gravity rapid sand filters in wooden tubs fourteen feet nine and a half inches in
diameter. There are also sedimentation tanks, and alum and lime are used to
form a coagulant. The creek water is used because of the insufficiency of the
weU and spring supplies, at least under the present methods of operation.
There are three town service pumps all of which may be used for either the low
service or the high service. It is customary to furnish a mixture of well and
filtered creek water in the low service district and the high service district north
of the creek. Water from the pump station can be furnished in part of the high
service district south of the creek supplied by the springs, although this has not
occurred in the past year.
The average daily consumption of water from the pumping station is 1,250,000
gallons and Uie maximum during summer months is 1,500,000 gallons. The pumping
station records give the amount of water filtered during September, October and
November 1913 as follows:
Montb.
September,
October, .
NoTember,
Areraj^e
Gallons
Dally.
1.000,000
1.000,000
900.000
900.000
920.000
980,000
900.000
580.000
22S.O0O
860.000
850,000
400.000
400.000
French Creek Drainage Area.
French Creek above the pumping station has a drainage area of 1,400 square
miles. Two miles above the Franklin intake is the Venango County Home with
eighty inmates. The sewage is discharged into the creek without treatment.
Twenty-eight miles above the intake is the city of Mendville, having a population
of 13,000 and above Meadville are numerous other towns including Cambridge
Springs of 1,.'500 population, Corry of 6,000 population, and Union City of 4,000
population. The sewage from these places is discharged into the creek. Conneaut
T^ake Borough, with a population of 1,000 is also within the drainage area and dis-
charges sewage into a tributary stream. There are campers along the creek in
season further menacing the purity of the waters.
Typhoid Fever Epidemic in 1913.
The Department's engineer and inspectors upon arriving in Franklin, in response
to the call of City Commissioner Smiley, immediately advised the local authorities
Jjbat the jiuhlic be notified to boil nJl water to he nsed for domestic purpoM and
998
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
also the milk. This was done by means of placards in conspicuous places and
through the press. A preliminary analysis of the facts of the outbreak already known
together with previous experience with the public water supply warranted the step
as a preliminary emergency measure.
A chlorinated lime water disinfecting apparatus has been in operation for the
treatment of the French Creek water in the suction pipe leading from the filtered
water dear well to the pumps. It had been uved off and on during the summer and
in October up until some time in the week beginning October I9th, when the treat-
ment was discontinued. On November 12th the plant was again started, using five
pounds of chlorinated lime to the million gallons. Upon the arrival of the Depart-
ment officers the dose of chemical was increased to about ten pounds to the milliou
gallons of filtered water.
A thorough flushing of the water works piping system was effected through fire
plugs and blow-offs in the evening of December 2nd. The public were advised
through the local press to open and flush out all household spigots.
The milk dealers twenty-two in all, serving in Franklin and Rocky Grove obtained
their supply from thirty-nve dairies induding those conducted by nine of the dcsEilers.
The dealers were interviewed and spedal investigations were made of a number of
the dairies, but it could not be ascertained that there had recently been any typhoid
or other intestinal disorder among any of the dealers or dairymen of their families
or employees. The Department's County Medical Inspectors of the three counties,
Venango, Mercer, and Crawford, in which the boroughs are located, were consulted
and verified the information that there had not been typhoid fever at any of the
dairies.
A census of thirty-eight cases of typhoid fever in Franklin and six in Rocky Grove
Village was taken by the Department's ofiicers, under the direction of Assistant
Engineer Ennis, and his summary of the data collected is given in the following
tables. The dates are of the onsets of the typhoid cases and Uierefore, the numbers
disagree with the previous table of typhoid cases by months for the year, the reports
for which were somewhat delayed. Up to the time of the departure of the Depart-
ment officers on December 6th, only two of the cases in Franklin had pi*oved fatal
and none of those in Rocky Grove Village.
Typhoid Fever Cases in Franklin Census Taken by Department Officers.
Sex.
Water Supply.
1
Date of Onset.
Age. 1
1 Milk Supply.
1
! 1
1
i 5
7
1 27
20
8
M. 1 F.
H
.... K.
.... F.
M
M
City. ' Well.
Spring.
!
1.
2.
8.
4.
&.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Nov.
1913.
t::::::
5
8
g
' 1
i
1 Wm. Hefferman.
Brosana.
Burktaard.
, Oak Grove Dairy.
J Oak Grove Dairy.
' Wm. Teil.
Quinn.
None.
Condensed.
Oak Grove Dairy.
10
11
11
11
11
17
29
22
12
10,
M
M
.... F.
M
.... 1 F.
:
1
•
U.
16.
12
12
13
16
17
25'
11
10
11
40
M. 1 ....
F.
H. i ....
•
•
Graham.
, Nesbit.
Condensed and Limber Store.
DiUenberger and Brosana.
1 None.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
17
19
LV
ID
20
' 20
81
9
44
12,
«:!y;
F.
M. , ....
M. 1 ....
• ::::::::
«
Bunnell.
Oak Grove Dairy.
1 Ditzenberger.
I Oak Grove Dairy.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
21
22,
21
23
Zi
21 '
3.5
25
14
23
.... 1 F.
: ::::::::
1 Bnrkbard.
1 Oak Grove Dairy.
Condensed.
Burktaard.
C. K. Hefferman.
28.
27.
28.
29.
30.
24
24
25
26
26
7
7 '
9
90
13
.... F.
.... , F.
.... F.
.... F.
M. ; ....
I ;;;;;:;;
•'*"
Oak Grove Dairy.
Brosana.
Brosana.
Condensed.
Own Supply.
31.
82.
8S.
84.
86. ,
Dec.
26.
26
1 r.
1
1,
21
20
41
21
81,
.... F.
.... F.
M
M
.... 1 F.
*•
Grataam.
Powers and Slgwortta.
, Griffin.
Ditzenberger.
; Griffin.
86.
37.
88.
1
1
5
6
25
29
6
M. ' ....
M
H
1
Bwing'B Store.
Burktaard.
* 1
W. R. Relse.
1
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
Occupation.
999
Children at School, 14
Children at Home, 3
Women at Home, 8
Men at Home, 1
I^aborer, 6
Banker 2
Bookkeeper, . .
Plumber,
Chemist,
Stenographer,
Total, 38
Additional typhoid cases, five in all, one on December 1st. one December 4th, one
December 20th, and two December 30th were subsequently reported to this Depart-
ment, but not included in the census.
Typhoid Fever Cases in Rocky Grove Village. Census Taken by Department
Officers.
Date of Onset.
Age.
Sex.
Water Supply.
Milk Snpply.
M.
P.
P.'
P.
F.
City.
WeU. 1 Spring.
1.
t.
8.
4.
6.
6.
1913.
Nov. 12
16
18
19,
1 15,
1 is;
L
27
52
13
12
M.
M.
M.
....
'*'•
«
Oak Grove Dairy.
J. Swateler.
Boyer Battle.
Ck>nden8ed.
Nesblt.
•
Occupation.
Childem at School 3
Housewife, 1
Laborer, 2
Total, 6
Discussion .
That the public water supply furnished from French Creek was the source of this
typhoid fever epidemic in Franklin is indicated pretty conclusively by a number of
facts among the accompanying circumstances and data set forth in the foregoing
census tables.
First, all of the cases in Franklin and Rocky Grove had used the public water
snpply prior to their illness, with the possible exception of the sixth case in Rocky
Grove, who lived beyond the limits of the water district. This person claimed to
have used no city water yet went regularly to the city and readily may have been
infected indirectly from the public supply.
Second, the location of the typhoid cases was confined to the low parts of the
first and second wards south of JB^rench Creek and the third ward including Oak Hill
and to Rocky Grove Village in which districts the French Creek water was furn-
ished.
Third, the bacteriological analyses of the French Creek supply show that com-
plete purification of the water was not at all times accomplished by the filter plant
and these results, which will be given later, are in accordance with what was to be
expected in view of previous experience with the operation of the filter plant.
Fourth, the close succession of the cases and the comparative suddenness of the
occurrence of the epidemic and its cessation indir?ated a medium of transmission of
infection which must have been very generally distributed throughout the entire town
at about the same time. This condition is fulfilled by the water supply.
Additional grounds for these conclusions lie in the fact that prior to the Franklin
epidemic, there was typhoid fever preBent in the up-stream towns sewering into
French Creek; and further in the fact that milk, the next most generally distributed
article, is practically eliminated from the possibility of having been the primary
source of infection. The typhoid fever cases were widely distributed among numer-
ous milk dealers and no history could be found of previous typhoid among the milk
dealers or dairymen.
Secondary infection within the family may have been responsible for four cases
In Franklin, including one of the cases late in December reported after the Depart-
ment's investigation. Secondary infection through the agency of some of the milk
Digitized by
Google
LOOO
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Do<l.
dealers may have been responsible for a few cases prior to the Departments order
to boil the milk for it is understood that proper emergency precautions were not
enforced at that time.
French Creek from Meadville down to Franklin, during dry seasons is a succes-
sions of pools and shoals. The sewage thus is afforded opportunity for sedimentation
and aeration. This, no doubt, accounts for lack of more evidence of sewage pollu-
tion in samples of raw creek water of which analyses appear later. However, with
every disturbance of the flow of the stream following after a rain the sewage sedi-
ment is carried down to the Franklin intake.
The precipitation records of the United States Government gauging station near
Franklin are given below:
S
..
iate.
•9
Date.
°
a
c
1913.
im.
^
-«
tt
%i
V(
a
a
«
c
M
0S
Oct.
1,
2,
8.
12.
IS.
18.
19.
30.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
30.
31,
Total,
.65
.10
.SO
.58
.05
.25
.10
.41
.84
.08
.05
Nov. 4,
.OS
8,
.S
9
.71
10
.92
11,
.08
12,
.06
13
.SB
lA, ......:...:.:.:.....:
.ss
15
.06
IG,
.06
19,
.64
.87
20.
.13
.63
23,
.06
.38
.03
.05
.15
24
.0!
26,
.07
28
.06
29*
.19
30,
.OS
Total
5.40
S.42
There were a number of heavy storms during October and the first part of Nov-
ember. The storms were more or less general throughout the drainage area. The
flow of the creek fluctuated very much and with it the quality of the water. Heavy
rainfall within the drainage area diluted the flow of the stream furnished by ground
water storage and materially reduced its alkalinity.
These fluctuations in the flow of the creek and consequently in its turbidity and
alkalinity demanded skilled supervision of the filtration plant, frequent tests of the
water and the adjustment of the operation of its changing character. The plant at
Franklin has not had the constant skilled supervision necessary.
Jjack of such supervision at the time of the fluctuating conditions of the stream
rendered the filtration inefficient at the very time when the scouring current was
bringing down not only the continuous sewage discharges of the up-stream towns, but
also the sewage deposits which had settled and accumulated in the quiet pools during
the low water.
Not until October 20th had the accumulated effect of the storms materially reduced
the alkalinity and increased the turbidity. Thereafter they fluctuated considerably
until the middle of November. The onsets of the second and third typhoid cases in
Franklin followed this first fluctuation, on October 26th, of the character of the creek
water by nine and ten diys respectively, about the minimum period for the in-
cubation of typhoid germs in the body. These dates of onset are based upon reports
of patients as to their first feeling sick. The first case, on the second of November,
was not visited by the dootor until November 15th. Fifteen days after the first
fluctuation in the quality of the water the epidemic was in full swing. The last
considerable group of coincident onsets was on December first, about two weeks after
the condition of the creek again beoame comparatively uniform.
The lieht doseage of chlorinated lime, five pounds to the million gallons, which was
begun November 12, appears to have had no effect, or at least no immediate effect
upon the epidemic. The falling off in the occurrence of new cases may have been
partly due to the gradual permeation of the water in the tanks and the extremities
of the piping system by the chemical, yot the principal factor in the intciTuption of
the epidemic is believed to have been the change in the creek water itself, which
occurred before the arrival of the Department's officers and before the dose of the
hypochlorite was increased.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1001
Bacteriological analyses of the public water and also of a number of private sup-
plies, made by the Laboratory of the State Department of Health and also the
bacteriolo^cal analyses of the public water supply, made by the City Bacteriologist
are given in the following tables. It should be noted that the chlorinated lime, when
used, was applied in the suction pipe leading from the clear well and would not
effect the results of analyses of filter effluent and the clear well samples.
BACrrBBIOLOGIGAIi ANALYSSS BY DEPARTMBNT LABORATORY.
Collected by City Officer From Municipal Water Works.
c
d
v
c
is
ii
Date
Source of Sample.
fit
1
K
Collected.
§
0
PQ
n
1918.
September
October 8, ... I
November 12,
1. Raw French Creek,
2. Effluent, filter No. 1
S. Clear well (filtered water),
4. Tap, water works office,
5. Spring,*
6. Drilled
well.
7. Source not designated, ....
8. Filter eflluent
9. Clear well (filtered water),
10. Tap, water works office, ...
11. Spring (given above),
12. Drilled well
18. Raw French Creek
14. £fi3uent, filter No. 2,
15. Clear well (filtered water),
16. Drilled well
17. Tap, water works office, .
12.000
0
1.200
8
6,400
0
4,000
0
1,000
60
120
0
6.000
0
10,000
0
6,000
0
3,600
0
150
0
1.600
0
900
48
GO
2
6
0
21
0
7
0
*Thia spring is on the hillside above the pumping station and has not been used since about the
time when this sample was collected although previously it contributed at tiomes to the public
vupply. It is not protected from surface wash.
Collected by Department Officers From Municipal Water Works.
V
w
cJ
cJ
Date
Source of Sample.
14
i
CoUected.
s
o
5
S
n
1918.
December
1. Collins Sprng 2nd Ward High Service
2. Uniontown Road Spring, 2nd Ward high service, ..
8. Tap, City Hall, I
4. Bully Hill Spring. 1st Ward '
I 6. Drilled well. Pump Station (series of four), i
I 6. Raw French Creek pump station, \
' 7. Tap, R. G. Hall
, 8. Tap, Thos. Stewart, Rocky Grove '
I 9. Tap, 228 Grant Street |
^ 10. Dug well. Pump Station I
' 11. Filter No. 1, effluent I
'12. Filter No. 1, effluent
1 18. Raw, centre of French Creek at Pump Station |
I 14. Mixed filtered and well water at pump
1 15. Tap, City Hall '
I 16. Tap, 18th and Eagle Streets i
17. Tap, 920 Buffalo Street
18. Tap, 887 Liberty Street i
19. Tap, Park Hotel
20. Tap. Park Hotel I
3
10
24
160
17
140
60
180
11
16
150
150
140
11
28
Digitized by
60 I 0
)y Google
1002
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Collected by Department Officers from Municipal Water Works— Continaed.
Date
Collected.
Source of Sample.
i
eg'
i
1»13.
December 5,
a. Dug well. Pump Station
22. Raw Prench Creek, Pump Station,
23. Filter effluent
^4. Mixed filtered and drilled well at pump.
2S. Spring above Pump Station (not used),
28. Tap, - ' -
Park Hotel,
December », 27. Raw French Creek, Pump Station,
j 28. Filter No. 3, effluent
29. Mixed filtered and well water at pump,
, SO. Drilled wells. Pump Station
; 31. Drilled wells. Pump Station
8D. Water works <^ce
4
100
34
82
30
24
176
13
8
4
1
2
22
ANALYSES BY CITY BACTERIOLOGIST.
c
6
o
C
Date
Source of Sample.
1
i
Collected.
-J
;3
u
5
s
cd
1913.
April 30, 1. Raw Prench Creek
. 2. Clear well (filtered water).
April 24 , 8. Raw Prench Creek,
I 4. Clear well
May 7,
6. Raw French Creek,
6. Clear well,
Ma J 15. .
May 23,.
7. Raw French Creek,
8. Clear well
9. Raw French Creek.
10. Clear well
May 29 i 11. Raw French Creek.
I 12. Clear well
June 4, ' 13. Raw French Creek,
I 14. Clear well
June 11, ' 15. Raw French Creek,
16. Clear well
June 22 17. Raw French Creek,
I 18. Clear well
19. Tap, City Hall, ...
July 1, I 20. Raw French Creek,
! 21. Clear well
I 22. Drilled well
July 15 23. Raw French Creek,
24. Clear well.
23. Tap. City Hall,
6. Drilled wells, .
August 5 ?7. Raw French reek,
28. Clear well,
29. Tap, City Hall. ..
1,5S0
96
480
300
3,200
140
8,000 1
130
175
60
2,700
7.700
180
l.SOO
1.500
21
14
1.840
1»
15
1.150
S3
89
3
290
27
8<
6+
0
104
0
104
0
preaent.
0
6+
+
0
0
0
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
ANALYSES BY CITY BACTERIOLOGIST-Gontinned.
1003
CoUflCted.
Date
Source of Sample.
I
1918.
September 9,
September 80,
October 2i,
October 30. ...
November 5,
December 4,
90. Raw Frencb Creek,
81. Clear well.
S8.Tap, City HaU, ...
83. Raw French Greek,
84. Clear well,
8B. Tap, City Hall, ....
96. Raw French Creek,
87. Effluent filter,
88. Clear well
89. Tap, City HaU, ....
40. Raw French Creek,
41. Clear well
42. Tap, City Hall, ...
43. Raw French Creek,
44. Clear well,
45. Tap, City Hall, ...
4«. Raw French Creek,
47. Tap Pnmp Station,
4& Tap, City Hall. ....
4,900
14
28
94
88
0
0
490
8
18
\
8.400
2,000
1,620
860
r
250
6,000
890
+
2.600
4S0
500
4-
+
0
0
BAGTBRIOLOQICAL ANALYSES BY DEPARTMENT I^BORATORY.
Collected by Department Officers from Private Supplies.
6
o
o*
cJ . '
Date
Source of Sample.
1
s
per
CoUected.
§
V
&
n
1M8.
December 8,
1. Dr. Wallace, drilled well
8. Soapstone Spring, near Sngar Grove Road,
8. Galena OU Co., drilled well
4. Broadhead Spring Bottling Works
6. Broadhead Spring, at bottling room
6. Leachgang Spring
7. Franklin Steel Works, drilled well
8. Galena OU Co., Drilled well
9. Bowman Spring, Centre and Spring Streets,
10. School, drilled well. Rocky Grove,
11. N. Failer, dHUed weU
18. Fitsgerald. drilled well,
84
22
3
27
5
14
2
8
82
120
600
80
The citv's bacteriological analyses, which were of course, more frequent than
those made by the Department, show clearly the unsatisfnctory character of the
intered water at the end of October and in the early part of November. No samples
were sent to the Department's Laboratory during this period. However, the De-
partment's analyses of the samples that were collected show that the filtered water
was of unsatisfactory character on September second, October eighth. November
twelfth and even as late as December third colon bacilli were found in filter effluent
The private supplies are not shown to have been contaminated or open to sus-
picion as factors in the typhoid epidemic.
Digitized by
Google
1004 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
GonduBions .
The introduction of a filter plant to purify a public water supply without pro-
vision for its operation under skilled supervision, in accordance with the best
modern engineering practice, may give the public a false sense of security and
cannot be too severely condemned as a most unwise policy. No more forceful illus-
tration of the disaster which may result could be asked for than this typhoid ferer
epidemic at Franklin.
The following decree was issued at the close of the Department's investigation:
"December 15th, 1913.
"To the Honorable the Mayor and Council,
City of Franklin, Venango County, Penna.
"Gentlemen:
* * * It is evident that the management of the purification works must be im-
mediately placed on a different "basis and I hereby and herein advise and request yon
to at once employ a competent water chemist and bacteriologist, skilled in the treat-
ment and filtration of water, and place him in constant charge with resposible super-
vision over the operation. This expert should have nothing else to do; he should
reside in Franklin, and be one of your permanent employees. You should fit up a
laboratory for him and give him every necessary facility for the proper discharge of
his duties.
"Furthermore, in order to put your plnnt on a more efficient basis, certain changes
ought to be made.
* FIRST. With respect to the delivery of raw water to the sedimentation tanks.
Your consulting engineer suggests, and we approve, that a raw water pump of
smaller capacity than the pump now used for the purpose, be installed, and that it
be operated at a rate equivalent to the rate of filtration during the time that the
filters are operated, in order that there shall be a Constant head maintained in the
sedimentation basin.
"SECOND: The drainage facilities at the sedimentation tanks are not sufficient,
in capacity. To afford quick drainage a conical bottom should be placed in the
tanks and the raw water should be applied at the surface and withdrawn from the
surface.
"THIRD: The present rate controllers are not adapted to the station as it is
operated. These should be substituted by rate controllers that can be rated to yield
a predetermined quantity of filtrate at a uniform rate, regardless of the friction head
in the filter unit. Furthermore, loss of head appliances, of some form adapted to
the station, should be installed on each filter unit, and your consulting engineer
should be instructed to devise simple and effective apparatus for this purpose.
"Furthermore, I beg to suggest, that there might be advantage enough to you in
providing storage of raw water, or filtered water, in sufficient amount to enable you
to shut down the filter plant during the period of a very bad water in French Creek,
that now places a great burden on your filter plant, to warrant this subject being
studied by your consulting enirineer Therefore, you are requested to place the
several matters in his hands and to prepare plans and reports to carry out these sug-
gestions and submit them for approval to the Commissioner of Health, together
with such other suggestions as may occur to him, in order that the plant may be
brought up to a high state of efficiency.
"Yours truly,
"Samuel Q. Dixon."
20. REPORT OF AN INSPECTION OF THE WATER SUPPI.Y RET.ATIVE
TO AN OUTRREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER IN FULLERTON VILLAGE.
LEHIGH COUNTY.*
There were seventeen cases of typhoid fever in this outbreak with dates of onset
from September 12th to 25th, inolnsivp : fiftoen were in Fnllerton Villagp and two in
West Catasauqua Village, both in the first das.** township of Whitehall, Lehigh
County. Assistant Chief Medical Inspector, Dr. J J. Mullowney, investigated the
outbreak from a medical point of view at the end of September, as reported in
another place, and on September 29th Assistant Engineer Wm. H. Ennis, and In-
spector W. R. Teats were sent to Fullerton to investigate the engineering features
and install a chemical dosing apparatus at the water company's sources of supply.
Typhoid Fever.
The investigation made by the Medical Division showed that sixteen of these cases
as well as a few which occurred subsequent to the investigation were undoubtedly
due to one of the milk supplies furnished from a dairy at which were found a sick
girl and a convalesdng attendant who milked the rows and handled the milk. Both
of theso patients were found upon examination, including poaAtlTe Widal testa, to
•Another report of tlie oatbreak may bo foond among the ipeclal reporti oC tbo Divlaion of Modi-
«U iMpecton.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH. 1005
have had typhoid fever. The local health officiaLs were notified and this milk supply
was discontinued until the establishment of conditions under which it would not be
prejudical to public health. The diagnosis of the seventeenth typhoid case was
doubtful.
Public Water Supply.
The Clear Springs Water Company supplies 15,000 consumers in a number of small
towns stretching along both banks of the Lehigh River for six miles above Allen-
town.
Since the outbreak of typhoid was restricted to this small district of an extensive
water works system, this water supply could hardly be suspected as the source of
infection or as having any bearing upon these cases. Nevertheless an investigation
was made of the public water supply furnished by the Clear Springs Water Com-
pany, the sources of supply of which are more or less subject to pollution. More-
over, typhoid fever has constantly been present within the territory supplied by this
company. A public water supply subject to pollution becomes unusually dangerous
when typhoid fever from any source of infection develops in the community becatse
of the chance that some one of the convalescing patients, still carrying the disease
^rms, may pollute one of the sources of the public supply.
Prior to the typhoid fever in FuUerton the State Department of Health had given
consideration to the supply of the Clear Springs Water Company and on September
23, 1913, a decree had been issued to the company by the Commissioner of Health
requiring certain things in order that the water supply might not be prejudicial to
public health. The stipulations include the following:
"FIRST: Within fifteen days of receipt of this pjcrmit the water company shall
install and put in operation the proposed hypochlorite of lime mixing and feeding
apparatus as shown on the plan submitted with application, to treat all water sup-
plied to the public from the impounding reservoir pending the construction of the
proposed filtration plant. No unfiltered water from the Lehigh River shall be sup-
plied to the public.
"THIRD: The proposed use of one of the high service pumps as a spare raw
water pump is forbidden. No arrangement or connection shall be made whereby raw
water can by-pass the filters at any time and enter the force main.
"NINTH: The water company shall make a regular monthly inspection and main-
tain an adequate patrol of the watersheds above its impounding reservoir and see
that all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent any contamination whatsoever
of the water supplied to the public. Any pollutions or cases of commimicable disease
shall be reported forthwith to the State Department of Health."
The water works system comprises an impounding reservoir on Spring Creek, a
pumping station, an emergency intake in the T^high River, and o distributing
reservoir and distributing system: also, the Leisenring Spring supply with an in-
dependent distributing system.
The drainage area of Spring Creek above the intake is three square miles of in-
habited, cultivated land, supporting a population of 290 persons on forty-eight prop-
erties. In 1907 Department officers made a sanitary survey of the stream for the
purpose of having pollutions abated. An investigation of the drainage area in
connection with the precautionary measures relative to FuUerton showed that there
were no pollutions of Spring Creek except a few which might be caused by wet
weather. There had been no recent cases of typhoid fever on the drainage area.
Lehigh River water has been supplied by the Water Company at times when the
creek supply had been turbid. The river supply was furnished from August 25th
through the month of September because of the low stage of the creek and its con-
sequent bad odor and taste.
The supply from the pumping station, whether drawn from the creek impounding
reservoir or from the river, is raised through a ten inch force main to a three
minion gallon distributing reservoir on the Lincoln Heights. There is a by-pass at
this reservoir from the ten inch force main to the sixteen inch supply main to the
distributing system. The by-pass is only used when the reservoir is being cleaned.
The Leisenring Spring arises from the limestone formation to the west of the
Village of Cementon which it supplies by gravity. This source was suspected in
connection with a serious typhoid epidemic in Cementon in 1900. The spring has
been protected from surface drainage by a concrete wall and is within an enclosure
which is roofed over and kept locked. Moreover, a high board fence has been
constructed around the property and outside of the fence a ditch has been constructed
to keep surface drainage entirely away from the spring. Nevertheless, this source
of supply must be kept under observation.
Bacteriological Analyses.
At the Ijaboratory of the Department, bacteriological analyses were made of
samples collected by the Department officers during the FuUerton investigation from
irwloiia parts of the system of the Clear Springs Water Company and from various
Digitized by
Google
1006
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OS.
private supplies. Two of the samples showed some sewage pollution, such as
be expected in water from an inhabited drainage area like that of Spring Creek,
results of the analyses are given below:
Doc.
might
The
BAGTBRIOLOGICAL ANALYSES BY THE DEPARTMENT LABORATOBY.
6
C
u
&
Source of Samples.
i
o
6
Q
&
Q.
3
5
o
H
n
Collected September 30, 1913.
Lehigh River at Intake
Sprtzig Creek in reaerroir
Tap, Cementon (Llesenring SL-ring)
Tap. Cataaaaqua (Manlcipal Sapply)
Tap, Catasauqa (Clear Springs Stippl7)*
October 1. 1918.
Lehigh Riyer opposite intake
Tap, Northampton Borough,
Tap, Catasauqua,
Well, Lehigh Car Wheel and Axle Company
Well, Graflin— Dairy Farm near Fnllerton,
October a. 1913.
Tap. Catasauqua (Clear Springs Supply)
Lehigh River Intake
Spring Creek in reservoir,
Distrttniting Reservoir
Tap, PnUerton
Tap Fullerton,
Tap, Fullerton,
Cistern, Asherbnss Dairy Farm, Hanover township, ...
85
0
250
6
ao
0
2.000
0
7
0
1,200
8
16
0
18
0
700
0
IP
0
1
0
12
0
2.400
1
7
0
2
0
4
0
82
0
800
1
Chemical Disinfection of the Water.
Apparatus for the disinfection of the supply obtained by the water company from
the river and also for the Spring Creek supply when it should again be used, was
installed under the direction of the Department engineer and the river water was
treated with about eight pounds of chlorinated lime to the million gallons. It should
be noted that the formal decree, quoted above, requires the establishment of this
treatment permanently until the filtration plant is completed and put in operation
which is expected to be early the coming year. Bacteriological analyses of the
Ijeisenring Spring are required to be made by the water company and submitted to
the State Department of Health at regular intervals and the same pnxiedure is
required relative to the operation of the filter plant when it is established.
21. EPIDEMIC OF TYPHOID FEVER AT JOHNSONBURG.
During January of the current year the citizens of Johnsonburg, Elk County, be
came alarmed by the prevalence of typhoid fever in the community and the State
Department of Health was requested to make an investigation. Assistant Engineer.
H. E. Moses was sent to Johnsonburg, January 31st, with Assistant Engineer Styer
and Inspectors Zeigler, Morris, Rice and Falter. The public water supply was
investigated in detail and also other conditions which might have a bearing on the
presence of typhoid fever. The investigation was continued to February 6th. The
report of Mr. Moses is given below.
General Conditions.
The borough of Johnsonburg is a msnufacturing community of about 5,000 persons
located in the valley of the Clarion River at the Fork of the East and West Branch
thereof and is six miles north of Ridgway, the county seat of Elk County. Since
1890 it increased in population from 1,280 to 4,334 in 1910. It is an industrial -town
having a public water works and a sewerage system. The dominant concern- Is: the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1007
New York and Pennsylvania Paper Company which has two mills in the borough
There are also the works of the Rolfe Tannery Company and the Johnsonburg:
Vitrified Brick Company, and several smaller concerns.
Johnsonburg is made up of four settlements namely. West Johnsonburg, Clarion
Heights, East Johnsonburg, and the main part of the town. Adjacent to West
Johnsonburg is the village of Rolfe in Ridgway Township.
West Johnsonburg lies in the fork of the Clarion River; Clarion Heights lies to
the south of West Johnsonburip: west of the river proper; East Johnsonburg is at
the extreme southern border of the borough ; the main part of the town comprises
the business section lying east of the Clarion River and along the east branch of
the river.
The main part of the town is publicly sewered. There are three outlets to the
sewer 83r8tem into the Clarion River. The system comprises three and a half miles
of sewers mostly under fifteen inches in diameter. In the main part of the town
where the sewers are located practically everj' important street has a sewer line.
However, many dwellings on the line of the sewers are not connected with a
sewer, owing principally to the expense incident to the connection with the sewer
and the installation of modern plumbing facilities inside the buildings. This is true
notwithstanding the fact that a borough ordinance requires dwellings along the line
of a public sewer to be connected therewith. As a result of this state of affairs,
privies in the back yards over loose earth vaults are quite common. Many of thera
are full to overflowing and storm water washes down the steep hillsides carrying
with it a not inconsiderable amount of waste matter to be deposited on lower lying
land or in streets. In a number of instances slops and wash water are poured into
the street gutters. Taken all together, the borough is not a cleanly one and parts
of it are in an insanitary condition.
Public Water Supply.
The public is supplied with water by the Johnsonburg Water Company said to be
controlled by the New York and Pennsylvania Paper Company. The system was
started in 1890 and has been extended from time to time and is now serving water
in Johnsonburg and in the village of Rolfe. The water company has four sources
of supply namely. Silver Creek, Powers Run, five drilled wells, and two springs, the
last two mentioned sources being located along Powers Run in the southern end of
the borough.
Silver Creek rises four miles and a half northwest of the borough in Johnsonburg
Township and unites with the West Branch of the Clarion River at Rolfe. The
water company has a dam and reservoir on this stream a mile and a half below its
head waters above which point there is a water shed of about a thousand acres of
aninhabited mountain land from which practically all of the virgin timber has re-
moved. The reservoir is of irregular shape and has a storage capacity of 1,600,000
gallons. From it a ten inch gravity supply main leads to Johnsonburg and serves
the lower lying sections of the town. Silver Creek becomes quite low in times of
drought.
Powers Run drains a water shed of 6.400 acres for the most part similar to the
Silver Creek water shed. At the extreme headwaters of the North Branch of this
stream are thirteen small farms, a saw mill, and a hunting camp. An inspection
of the properties was made on February 4, 1913, at which time twelve of the
thirteen estates were occupied by forty-seven persons and there were eighty-one head
of stock. In addition to the habitations the water shed is traversed by public high-
w^ays. This inspection did not reveal any direct pollutions of the stream, but was
not conclusive on this point because of the severity of the weather, everything being
frozen.
About half a mile above the point when Powers Rim joins the Clarion River,
which is in the extreme southern portion of the borough, the water company main-
tains a pumping station and has thrown a dam across the run 1,100 feet up stream
from the station and from here th'e water is diverted into a settling basin located
alongside the pumping station. Between the diverting dam and the pumping
station, the drilled wells and the two springs used as an auxiliary supply are located.
The wells are each six inches in diameter, approximately a hundred feet deep, and
discharge individually into the pond formed by the diverting dam, into the supply
main therefrom, or into the settling basin at the pumping station.
The pumping station comprises two steam pumps and a pump driven by a gas
engine. The total rated pumping capacity is 1,800 gallons a minute; each primp has
its individual suction and discharge. These latter unite in a common force main
outside of the pumping station, this extending up over the hill and terminating in
a distributing reservoir at a high point in the town. A branch line from the force
main extends around the base of the hill and connects with the distributing system
In the main part of the town. From this source the entire town can be served but
it is ordinarily used for the high service district, the low service district being served
from Silver Creek.
A small supply is obtained from what are known as the Cemetery Springs, located
on a hillside in the northern part of the town, walled in and protected, with a six
inch supply main leading down into the town. From this source a few consumers
are furnished.
64
Digitized by
Google
1008 EIGHTH ANNUAL KEPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The topographical features of the town and the location of the various reseryoirs
divide the system into high and low service districts. The Silver Greek water is
used chiefly to supply Rolfe, West Johnsonburg, the paper mills (for drinking pur-
poses), and a small portion of the main part of the town lying in the valley of the
river. The balance of the territory is served from the Powers Run silpply and in
times of drought this supply is used for the entire water district. There are about
700 taps on the entire system divided almost equally between the high and low service?
districts. Thus it appears that possibly 3,000 persons out of a total population of
5,000 use the public water supply, this number being almost equally divided between
the two sources. The remainder of the town's people are supplied with water from
individual wells or from springs of the neighborhood. In some instances both the
public supply and that obtained from a private source are made use of. The amount
of water used from Silver Creek is unknown. From Powers Run the company
pumps from 300,000 gallons to over 600,000 gallons daily, the pumps being operated
usually from ten to sixteen hours a day. Almost all the water furnished by the
water company is used for domestic purposes. That used in the paper miUs for
industrial purposes is obtained from the Clarion River and filtered in a filtration
plant operated by the paper mill company.
History of Typhoid Fever in Johnsonburg.
Typhoid fever in Johnsonburg is abnormally frequent. It has been endemic
for a number of years. In January 1908, the Chief Medical Inspector and the Chief
Engineer of the Department of Health made an investi^tion in Johnsonburg to
ascertain the cause of the continued prevalence of typhoid fever there and advise
with the local authorities as to remedies. As a result of that investigation a report
was prepared and published in the Annual Report for 1905-06. The following ex-
tract is taken from this report.
"In the fall of 1904 it is reported that over 50 oases of typhoid fever occurred in
Johnsonburg. The exact figures are not known as the local health board report*
are uncertain i^ exactness. More than one locnl physician has expressed the opinion
that the number wns at lenst 75. Prior to 1904 the disease is said to have been
endemic. In the fall of 1905, or about the 1st of August, a canvass showed that 29
cases had developed within six weeks, also that an epidemic of dysentery, the extent
of which could not be learned, but which was admitted to be large, had existed in
the town for the same period.
"The location of the cases showed that while the poor and foreign elements living
on the flats were most affected, the better class did not entirely escape. Practically
all of the cases occurred in the district said to be supplied with water from Powers
Run, or in the homes of those of the men who are employed in shops supplied by
Powers Run, or the high pressure district.
"The low pressure or Silver Creek district of distribution, so far as the Depart-
ment is able to judge from the meagre data at hnnd, has been ouite free from
typhoid. This district comprises about one-fourth of the town. It further appears
from an investigation of the drainage area of Silver Creek, above the dam and
reservoir, that the water shed is practically uninhabited and pollutions are not
probable.
"An investigation of the drainage area of Powers Run in the summer of 190i>
showed the first source of pollution to be about one mile above the water works
pumping station. Here a settlement of ten houses existed whose privies, pig pens
and barnyards are so located that the natural drainage, in some cases aided by
springs which crop out near privies and pig pens, is direct to Powers Run. About
two miles abovp the pumping station a virgin timber belt began and extended for
several miles along the run and its tributaries. This belt was then the scene of
lumber operations and several camps h,id been established along the banks of tho
run, each camn containing from 25 to 50 men, mostly foreigners, and in some cases
women and children. The total number of men so engaged was variously estimated
from four to eight hundred. It was also stated that sufficient timber existed there
to provide employment for some of the men for four or five years.
"In camps occupied exclusively by men no privies were provided, and where such
structures were found, they were located directly on the banks of the run.
"In one camp containing 22 men, it was ascertained that all had been affected with
what was described as "bowel comnlaint." and that this sickness had lasted about
a week, the cases occurring about four weeks previous to the outbreak of dysentery
in .Johnsonburg. The Department officers believe this was very probably the focus
of infection.
"The matter of surface pollution of individual wells should be very thoroughly
lookpd into bv the local health board .
"The possible transmission over the surfs ce of the ground of typhoid infection is
illustrated in the case of a certain "Cooner" family, where five cases slmultan«y>ualv
developed. This family resided on the hillside. On the land above their residence,
outside privies were maintained, although a sewer was available. During a cloud-
burst, the contents of these privies were flooded upon the property and into the cellar
of the Cooper house. Members of the family actively engaged in removing the
accumulation from the cellar. Typhoid had existed some months before in tiie
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1009
homes where the privy vaults were flooded and the contents washed into the Cooper
cellar. Between ten and twelve days following the flooding, five members of the
CJooper family were affected with typhoid.
'*The situation in Johnsonburg from the standpoint of the interests of the public
health, not only of the citizens of the borough but the public in general who may
be affected through the various mediums of disease transmission from the focus of
infection such as does now and will continue to exist in Johnsonburg until proper
sanitary measures are intelligently and vigilantly enforced, calls for prolonged con-
sideration, prudent conclusions and action.
**Typhoid fever and other water borne diseases are far above the normal rate.
During the first 11 months of 1906 there have been 28 cases of typhoid fever reported.
Diminution in this rate cannot be expected, but a very great increase is possible so
long as sewage is improperly disposed of in the borough and the surface and ground
water supplies used for drinking purposes are poisoned by pathogenic material."
At the time the investigation was made in 1906, lumbering operations were being
carried on along Powers Run and there were numerous camps scattered over the
watershed. Now the timber is cut off and these camps have been abandoned and to
a very great extent the building removed. There yet remain on the watershed,
however, the farms at the head waters of the stream as already noted.
From available records the following table, showing the cases of typhoid fever
occurring in Johnsonburg has been compiled. It is certain that this does not repre-
sent the total number of such cases. The hospital at Rldgway receives numerous
patients from Johnsonburg. It is known that in some instances at least, while
reports of such cases may reach the Department, they are not definitely charged to
Johnsonburg. Consequently, the following table shows a less number of cases of
typhoid fever than actually occurred.
R]i»ORD OP TYPHOID PEVBR CASES IN JOHNSONBURG COMPILED PROM RBPORTfi
TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH.
Month.
Year.
1908.
20
1911. 1912.
1
0
2
0
2
1
3
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
14
5
0|
4 '
?1
3 ;
ms.
5
1
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Note (a). In 1904 local reports Indicate 76 casee. For this year there were not State Reports of
morbidity.
Note (b). In 1906 a canvass (August 1), showed 29 cases in 6 weeks (also epidemic dysentery.)
It appears that in April 1912, the Depsirtment was notified by the County Medical
Inspector of Elk County, that a considorable number of typhoid fever cases from
Johnsonburg were being treated at the Ridgway Hospital. Acting on this informa-
tion, a letter was addressed to the Johnsonburg Water. Company by the Commis-
sioner of Health ordering the company to make preparations to install a water
treatment plant. The letter of the Commissioner and the reply of the water com-
pany are as follows:
"Johnsonburg Water Company, "April 29th, 1912.
"Johnsonburg, Pa.
"Gentlemen:—
"While your source of water supply to the public is derived from a sparsely popu-
lated watershed, nevertheless, the camps and the lumbering operations thereon con-
stitute a menace to the public health that, in the opinion of this Department, makes
it necessary that you should install a hypochlorite of lime treatment of the raw
creek water before you furnish the water to the public. This treatment is com-
paratively inexpensive, less than $100 investment will suffice for the apparatus at
the pumping station, and I hereby and herein request you to consult an expert and
prepare plans and a report on the process and have the same installed at once, sub-
ject t the approval of this Department. A prompt reply is requested.
"Yours very truly,
•'Samuel G. Dixon.".
64—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1010
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
''Johnsonburg, Elk Ck>., May 4th, 1912.
"Mr. Samuel G. Dixon, M. D., Ck>mmis8ioner,
"Harrisburg, Pa.
"Dear Sir:-
"Replying to your letter of April 29th, I beg to inform you that all the camps,
lumbering operations and everything else of this natiure was removed from along our
stream, namely. Powers' Run, over a year ago. We have a man who inspects this
stream about three times a year. Upon his finding anything objectionable it is taken
care of at once. Therefore, we do not think it necessary to install a hypochlorite of
Ume treatment.
"We will igladlv send you samples of water, or if you prefer to send an inspector
here we will gladly accompany him along this stream.
"We do not in any way wish to endanger any of our consumers' health.
"Yours truly,
"JOHE«S0NBURO WATBB COMPANY,
"W. D. Clearwater,
"General Manager."
In view of these representations by the water company of the improved conditions
along Powers Run and of its precautionary measures for the inspection of the stream
and prevention of nuisances, the order for the installation of chemical treatment
was not enforced.
Typhoid Fever Outbreak of 1912-1913.
In the latter part of January 1913, the Department was notified by a member of
the local board of health that there was an undue amount of typhoid fever in the
borough, enough to warrant an investigation and as a result an investigation of the
situation was made by ofiicers of the Department from January 3l8t to February
eth, 1913. It developed that from September 22, 1912, to January 25, 1913, twenty
cases of typhoid fever had occurred in Johnsonburg and a complete censos of these
cases was secured for the purpose of ascertaining, if possible, the source of in-
fection. Also a searching investigation was instituted as to the general sanitary
conditions about the town and of the water supply with a view to determining the
reason for the presence of endemic typhoid in this community. Detailed findings
relative to onsets, age and sex, occupation, water supply, milk and other food sup-
plies concerning each case were secured and these appear in the following tables:
ONSBTTS.
Sept. 22-1,
" 28-1,
Oct. 1-1.
•• 10-1.
•• 15-1,
Not. 1-1,
Dec. 1-4,
" 2-1.
" 10-1.
" 15-1.
Jan. I-l,
" W,
•• 9-1.
" 10-1,
" 17-1,
•• M-1.
•• 26-1,
TiML
lOlnSmM.
AGBS AND SEX.
Age.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
0-4. ..
6-». ..
8
1
4
10-14...
15-19,..
8
4
1
4
4
20-24...
25-29...
8
2
1
4
8
80-84...
35-39...
40-44...
1
i
i
Total..
17
8
80
Class.
Infants.
Children,
j Minora.
|0f ««•.
[Mid-age.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1011
OCCUPATION.
Teunster,
Student
Merchant.
Honaewiie,
Ptlnter,
Paper mill employee.
Laborer
Machinist
Oerpenter
Total,
No. of
Oaaea.
MILK.
Dealer.
Oondenaed,
John Ward,
Armstrong,
Stuedler, . ,
Sargent. ...
Doraey, ....
Harrison, . .
Reese
Baker,
BatUtlc. ...
McAlee
Total,
Other.
No. of
20
WATER SUPPLY.
BnLK.
No. of
Oases.
No. of
Itealers.
No. of
Oases.
Total.
City only,
"J
S
1
1
Z
7
11
7
2 each
leach
7
01^ and Woll
6
City and sprinc
T
CitT. well and nrlnr
»
Total,
10
It being the winter season of the year flies are eliminated as a source of infection .
Ice was used by onl^ three of the patients and this was of the manufactured variety.
Only three of .the victims had used raw shell fish immediately prior to their illness.
Seven of the patients had eaten ice cream secured from two local supplies. There
is one well denned secondary case, two members of one household coming down with
the disease. One of the oUier patients had visited in the home of a typhojd fever
patient several weeks prior to his own onset.
A significant feature relative to typhoid fever in Johnsonburg is in the location of
the cases included in the census. Only one case is in West Johnsonburg, Uiree are
in Clarion Heights, one in East Johnsonburg, and the remaining fifteen in the
main part of the town. From the location, possibly three of the twenty cases may
have secured water from the Silver Creek supply but the other cases are all located
in the district supplied from Powers Run. It is reported that this is true of cases
occurring in prior years, that in fact West Johnsonburg, supplied from Silver Creek,
has been markedly free from typhoid fever.
From the record of the cases occurring in the seven year period from 1906 to 1912
inclusive , it appears that the borough has two distinct seasonal periods of typhoid
fever, one in the spring of the year, reaching its maximum in April and the other
in the fall of the year with its height around October and November. In other
words, at the season of the year when rains are normally plentiful. It was pointed
out in the report of 1906, that a danger existed in the method prevalent in the
borough of disposing of sewage in privy vaults which might later overflow so that
the filth would be washed down the hillsides to other properties. The facts already
given point to this as a possible solution of the prevalence of typhoid fever in John-
sonburg. The cases have occurred sporadically but persistently from year to year.
Digitized by
Google
iol2
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Milk Supplies.
Off. Doc.
The milk supply in Johnsonburg was investigated by officers of the Department
and it was ascertained that there are four principal dealers who serve milk to the
public from wagons. There are several smaller dealers by whom the milk is carried
from house to house and a considerable number of persons in the borough own their
own cows and in many instances furnish a limited supply of milk to neighbors. It
was not ascertained how many private supplies there were in the borough. About
sixty customers are served from an ice cream store in the borough. MilUk is served
from the can by all of the dealers, bottles not being used at all. The following
table sets forth facts relative to the principal dealers:
Name of Dealer
No. of Customers.
Approximate amount of
mUk handled dally.
■Tohn Ward fwairon)
55
65
40
Johnsouburg Hotel.
Mann's Confectionary .
25
50
15
20
40
60
100 quarts.
90 quarts.
85 quarts.
15 quarts.
20 quarts.
28 quarts.
45 quarts.
15 to 20 quarts.
35 to 40 quarts.
60 quarts.
Urich Stuedler (wagon),
Otto Dill (wasron)
Otto Dill (wazon)
Otto Dill (waaron)
Andy Redmond (wagon),
H. A. Tillack (wagon),
John Dorsey (carried) ,
Henry Stuedler (carried),
Alfred Benson (carried),
L. 6. Baker (ice cream store).
The first five dealers, as set forth in the table, live in Ridgway Township out
side the borough. The balance of the dealers are local men. An officer of the De-
partment made a sanitary inspection at each of the dairy farms. Generally, the
conditions at the farms were fair and milk was handled in a more or less sanitary
manner. No record of typhoid fever on any of the dairy farms was found.
Almost without exception, the dealers produce their own supplies. The marked
exception is in the case of the Baker Ice Cream Store whose supply is procured
from J. C. Dalrymple, Pittsfield, Warren County.
Ice Cream Supply.
The ice cream supply of the borough is handled chiefly by George Limber and
L. G. Baker, both residents of Johnsonburg. The first dealer secures his supplv
from Warren and serves the brand known as I. X. L. About twenty gallons on the
average is handled weekly at this establishment, most of which is sold at retail.
L. G. Baker manufactures ice cream and retails it at his store; he also sells it
at a wholesale rate to three local dealers in the borough. Those thus served are
Mrs. Frank Kreitzer, Frank Hudik, and Anthony Berak. About thirty-five to
fifty gallons are sold daily. The product is made in the cellar of the store. Cream
Is procured from Frank Dill, Rassclas, Elk County, P. O. Wilcox, Pittsfield,
Warren County, and the Butler Pure Milk Company of Butler. The utensils ar*
handled in a sanitary manner, being scrubbed and scalded before using.
Precautionary Measures.
As a temporary safeguard while the investigation was going on, the water com-
pany, at the instigation and under the supervision of officers of the Department,
installed a chlorinated lime dosing plant at the pumping station on Powers Run.
This was put in service on the day those officers arrived and according to reports
furnished by the water company has been operated continuously since that time,
when this supply has been used. Orders were given that all water taken from
Powers Run should be dosed w^ith chlorinated lime until the water company was
further advised. The entire question of water supply was carefully investigated.
This included an inspection of the water sheds. The water distribution systems were
flushed. Samples of the public and private water supplies were collected on five
successive days. Notices advising the public to boil all water used for domestic
purposes were inserted in the newspapers of the town.
As a result of the investigation, because it appeared that the most likely 80urr«^
of infection of the typhoid fever patients in Johnsonburg was the public water
supply and because the Powers Run supply in any case must be looked upon with
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1013
suspicion, the Commissioner of Health issued on February 27th, 1913, to the
Johnsonburg Water Company a decree relative to its water works system. The
concluding portion of the decree is here quoted:
"As a result of this investigation into the conditions with respect to the public
health and the water works system in said borough of Johnsonburg, it has been agreed
and determined that the water works system will not be prejudicial to public health
when certain things have been done, and I hereby decree that the said Johnsonburg
Water Company shall do certain things as follows:
"FIRST: A detail plan of the water company's distributing reservoirs located in
the borough shall be submitted to the Commissioner of Health for his approval on
or before May first. Nineteen hundred and thirteen. Said plan shall show not only
the layout of the reservoirs but also cross sectional elevations through the embank-
ments in sufficient detail to enable the Department to judge of the stability of the
structure ; and it shall also show in detail the piping arrangements In and about the
reservoirs, indicating particularly the respective elevations of the inlet and outlet
pipes.
"SECOND: On or before May first. Nineteen hundred and thirteen, the water •
company shall submit to the Commissioner of Health for his approval, plans of a
filtration plant in which all of the water taken from Powers Run is to be filtered.
Particular attention must be paid to the design of the filter plant which must be
operated whenever the pumps are operated and attain a high degree of efficiency.
The water company should employ some qualified expert to select the best point for
the erection of a filter plant and to design the details, as this will prove true
economy .
"THIRD: Until the filter plant has been installed in accordance with plans ap-
proved by the Commissioner of Health, the water company shall continue the treat-
ment of the water taken from Powers Run with chlorinated lime and shall keep daily
records of the operation of the water works system, especially as relates to the
operation of said treatment plant, and file a report of the same weekly in the office
of the Commissioner of Health on blank forms satisfactory to the said Commis-
sioner.
"FOURTH: The water company shall maintain a monthy patrol of the Silver
Creek and Powers Run watersheds, observe whether the rules and regulations for
the sanitary protection of the waters to be supplied to its patrons from Silver Creek
and Powers Run are being complied with and promptly report the presence of any
nuisance or menace. It shall keep a dose supervision on any lumbering, wood-cut-
ting or other operations on the watersheds, and as soon as a communicable disease
appears the patrolman shall investigate and report to the State Department of
Health. A report of the condition of the watersheds shall be made monthly to the
Commissioner of Health."
The chlorinated lime treatment plant has been maintained in operation. The pro-
visions for the filtration of the supply have been taken up by the water company
officials in conference with the Commissioner of Health but the water company had
not accomplished this needed improvement at the close of the year.
22. TYPHOID FEVER AT KUTZTOWN, BERKS COUNTY.
On June 28th a letter was received from Mr. Fred. T. Williamson, Secretary of
the Board of Health of Kutztown a borough in the northeastern part of Berks
County, with a population of 2,360 in 1910. The letter began as follows:
**Dr. Dixon, "Kutztown, Pa., June 27, 1913.
'*State Board of Health,
^*Harrisburg, Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"A serious outbreak of typhoid fever has occurred in Kutztown during the past
few weeks and we are unable to locate the cause. Some claim it is. due to con-
tamination of the borough water supply while others think it comes from other
sources • • ♦ •.•'
The same evening Assistant Engineers C. H. Cnmmings and R. E. Irwin arrived
in Kutztown under instructions to investigate the cause of the outbreak and take
such emergency steps ns the conditions might warrant. That night they met the
Secretary and Health Officer of the Board of Health and went over such data as
Digitized by
Google
i0l4 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
had already been collected by the local authorities relative to the cases of typhoid
and also commenced gathering a complete history of the cases at the houses of the
patients. There were then nineteen cases.
The infection of a number of cases grouped in one district was attributed by the
Board of Health to the William Kutz well, with good grounds for the as-
sumption. This was a shallow, dug well lower than a large part of the town. The
underlying formation is limestone which receives into Its crevices a great deal of
sewage from privy vaults and cesspools, there being no comprehensive sewerage
system in the borough. It is no wonder the Kutz well and quite a few others about
town were shown, by bacteriological analysis, to be polluted. The William Kutz
well was closed and the other wells shown by analysis to be bad were either closed
or placarded. The absence of an entirely satisfactory public water supply made it
necessary to use good judgment before resorting to extreme measures. The Kutz
well had been used by a great many families in the neighborhood. Some of the
other wells, if used as generally, might have yielded just as many typhoid cases.
Warnings of the presence of the disease and of the need to boil all water and
observe other precautionary measures had already been published in the newspapers
by the local Board of Health. In addition, on June 27th, notices were posted con-
spicuously about the streets giving similar warnings. The local Board of He«lth
placarded the typhoid fever properties, inspected them, and furnished disinfectants
free of charge. They provided for the removal of refuse in the yards and alleys.
The local Board of Health was directed to continue the warning relative to boiling
water at frequent intervals so that the public would not become negligent and to
reqidre the milkmen to deliver milk to the houses where there were cases of typhoid,
only by pouring it into receptacles provided therefor and not to be taken from the
properties or touched by the milkmen.
Public Water Works.
The public water works, owned and operated by the Kutztown Water Company,
was investigated the next morning, Sunday, July 29th. Although the entire out-
break could not be attributed to the public water, some of the scattered cases may
well have been due to it. It was a factor of imminent danger demanding immediate
attention .
The borough is located on Sacony Creek . The main pumping station is on the west
bank of the creek nearly a mile down stream and north from the tow^n. The several
sources of supply are in the vicinity of the pump station. The main supply is
drawn from Sacony Creek at the pumping station and raised into the distributing
reservoir or by-passed around it into the town. The creek above the intake receives
the discharges from a number of private sowers in Kutztown and from the gutters
where wash water is discharged and also the copious flows of springs from the under-
lying, sewage laden limestone.
The Keystone State Normal School on high ground west of the borough at one
time discharged its sewage by a sewer extending through the borough directly into
the creek. This had been discontinued by order of the State Department of Health
and the sewage is now discharged into cesspools on the school property.
The pollutions of Sacony Creek in the populous farming district along the eight
miles of its course from the head waters and also in the borough of Kutztown have
been inspected by officers of this Department and much has been accomplished in
the abatement of these pollutions although adverse jury verdicts at variance with
the facts as testified to by Department inspoctors have been a serious handicap.
Kemps Run, a tributary to Sacony Creek from the east, furnishes part of the
supply, considerable during wet weather but not more than one-tenth of the total
during dry weather. Near the mouth of the run is a low intake dam and chamber
from which a six inch pipe leads into a well at tho. pump station. The stream has
a drainage area of three hundred acres of farm land containing fourteen habitations.
Several springs add a little to the supply. They are situated west of the creek in
the little valley in the mouth of which the pump station is located. Here the
formation appears to be slate. All but one of those springs dry up in the summer.
They are not to be suspected in connection with the outbreak of typhoid.
These several sources are piped into a collecting well which connects with a pump
well excavated in rock within the pumping station. There is also a valved pipe
connection by means of which water from the collecting well may be turned into n
small reservoir on the bank of the creek. From this reservoir a suction pipe leads
about 2,000 feet down stream to a second pumping station.
There is reported to be a six inch drilled well about 700 feet deep in the bottom
of the collecting well. There is no arrangement for raising water from this well,
but it is reported that when the collecting well water level is kept several feet be-
low the creek the drilled well furnishos a considerable flow of water.
The lower pump station, drawing from all the sources available at the upper
steam power station, is operated by w^ater power in an old grist mill. The back
water in the creek above the dam extends to just beyond the upper pumping station.
During wet weather this station furnishes by water power the greater part of the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1013
Bupply, but duriug dry weather it can operate only a few hours at nif^ht. The
force main extends to the upper pumping station whence a single force mam extends
to the distributing reservoir.
The pump operator, fireman and engineer in one, handled both stations, the upper
steam power station in the daytime and the water power station at night, leaving
his bed at least once to oil the pump.
The distributing reservoir is located on a summit between the pump station and the
town. It has a capacity of 600,000 gallons at a depth of ten feet, sloping paved sides
and is approximately square. The water in it is usually maintained at a level such as
to provide a quantity only sufficient for fire protection and to cover daily inequalities
in the demand. The distributing system extends throughout the built-up parts of
the borough and to some consumers in Maxatawney Township. There were 451 con-
nections August 8, 1913.
Emergency Measures at Water Works.
Mr. Peter D. Wanner, President and principal owner of the Water Comt>any,
was called on the telephone, Sunday, June 29th, at his home and office in Reading,
and came to Kutztown that afternoon. After the Department officers had
made plain the imminent danger of the situation,— typhoid fever in the town and
the extreme liability of virulent germs reaching the creek and thus the water works
intake, resulting in a wide spread epidemic following the scattered outbreak of
typhoid, — Mr. Wanner took a very serious view of the matter and at once directed
the company's superintendent at Kutztown to take all measures necessary to ex-
pedite the prompt installation of chlorinated lime disinfecting plants at the two
pumping stations. He also promised to obtain first class apparatus to replace the
emergency temporary installations. It was made plain to Mr. Wanner that a radi-
cal change would be necessary permsnently to improve the supply.
Assistant Engineer, Irwin, was left in complete charge of the situation on June
30th, to supervise the disinfecting installations, complete the census of the typhoid
cases, collect samples from the public system and private wells, and follow up any
additional clues pointing to sources of infection. Assistant Engineer Styer was
called to Kutztown to assist in this work. The following description of the out-
break with the incidental details is taken from Mr. Irwin's report.
Temporary chlorinated lime installations were made on .luue 30th under the di-
rection of the Department officers. About ten pounds of chlorinated lime were
U8€»d to the million gallons. The storapro resorvoir was then disinfocted with cop-
per sulphate, using about twelve pounds to the million gallons. Then as all the
water entering the system was being disiufectod the mains were thoroughly flushed
about the town to remove any untreated water and to clear the mains of deposit.
The water company was advised to procure orifice boxes for the feeding of chlori-
nated lime and at once the water company got in touch with those having such
boxes for sale. There was trouble in securing the orifice boxes. One was secured
and installed August 21st. This box was put in the upper pumping station.
An officer of the Department was at the pumping station a great part of the
time from the first of July until August 20th over-seeing the treatment of the
water. The reservoir was emptied and cleaned the latter part of July. Copper
sulphate was used in cleansing the sides of the reservoir and to assist in prevent-
ing the further growth of algae.
The discontinuance of the lower pump station operation was required after
the failure of the company to install its up-to-date disinfecting apparatus, with the
alternative of placing an attendant in charge of the lower station at night.
A letter was sent the Board of Health stating that because surface drainage
and Tvash water from the boroueh enter the stream above the water works intake
the presence of tynhoid fever within the borough called for special care on the part
of the borough officials that those in charge of fever patients should be instructed
regarding the necessity of using disinfectants. The officials were also notified
that the disinfection of the water at the pumping station was being done by a
temporary installation and as a precautionary measure and did not lessen the
importance of impressing the public concerning the necessity of boiling the water
used for domestic puri>oses.
Digitized by
Google
1016
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The results of bacteriological analyses of samples collected from the Sacony
Greek and Kemp's Run intakes, are as follows:
Sacony Creek Intake.
Date of Collection.
Location.
1913.
June 29th, ..
Jul7 Ist
July 2nd
July 9th, ....
July 2l8t, ...
July 22nd, .,
July 24th, .,
July 29th, .,
Angust 4th,
August 5th,
August 7 th,
August 14th,*
' Sacony
1 Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Sacony
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Creek
Cre«k
intake.
Intake,
intake,
intake,
intake,
intake.
Intake,
intake.
inUke,
intake,
intake.
Intake,
Bacteria B. Coli
, per c. c. perc.c.
I
10,000
27,000
32.000
32.000
1,500
350
10,000
1C.200
21.000
27,000
21.000
21.000
1
1
0
12
0
1
0
I''
Kemp's Run Intake.
Date of Collection.
1913.
June 29th, .
June 29th, .
July l8t. ...
July 2nd, ..
July 9th. ...
July 22nd. .
July 24th, ..
July 29th. ..
August 4th,
August 5th,
Augnst 14th,
Location.
Bacteria
B. OoH
per c. c.
perc.c.
Inlet to Intake chamber.
10.000
4
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
0.800,
«
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
4,600 1
24
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
0,000
4
Inlet to intake pipe. ..
&:goo
90
Inlet to inUke pipe, ..
720
a
Inlet to inUke pipe. ..
480
10
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
05.000
0
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
5.400
so
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
10.600
2
Inlet to intake pipe, ..
no
XL
Typhoid Fever Records.
The record of typhoid fever cases in Kutztown, reported to the State Department
of Health by the local authorities, as required by law, is as follows; a zero repre-
sents a report of no cases and dash failure to report.
Month.
January.
February,
March, ...
April
May
June
July
AUSTTISt.
Septpmhor,
October, . .
Novembor,
December,
Total,
1907
^1 =1
190S
-I
1009
1910
lOU
!
1912 19»
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
No. W. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1017
Mazatawney Township, which wholly surrounds the borough, reports T^ry
little typhoid fever. No reports were submitted until 1910 when four cases were
reported, one occurring in February and three in October. For 1911 one case
was reported in the month of August. For 1912 four ca&es were reported in the
month of February. To July 1st, 1913, one case was reported as occurring in
June.
The following table gives the data collected by Department officers in the canvass
made of all typhoid cases which had been reported in Kutztown in 1913 up to
July 20th. Further on will be given a discussion of the cases which developed later
in the year.
The accompanying sketch shows the location in Kutztown of the typhoid fever
cases which occurred in ^913 and also of the private wells investigated in connec-
tion with the epidemic.
Digitized by
Google
1018
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
.g
12
^
H
H
3
O
p
8
2
QQ
J^
K/
s
p
S
»
1-9
«
*
n
s
CJ
§
M
§
1
»
S>E|
^
eo
^
1— I
M 5
•pioq
•xas
•9«Y
'Jdqcnnx
ai "ill aa • m *TS
IJI
&;« .
Ii5!?&&:j!?:?5?i i i i i i S S S g^J:?j:?J^
4i :l *. . .'
slll£S:;lllllll§lllll6l£l
ahafk;sfr;fcSssshSfcS:«ssfcSb(k;sa
9)8SS;S«»«l;lS«Stt;]^Ssl9S3*«;1SS
00 «
-a,
P
« s
^1
a
2S?iSS;2S53SS8HafiX
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1019
5
i
s
3
a
II
II
I
2
££££££££££
■ ss
1
I II
11
O • • • tt
I I I i I
3 S « 2 S
1 1 1 i
6 U i i
§ Ills I §§ §1 § §*§' II I I § § I
se: K %
I
^
1 5
II
d s & s a »
^ & I ^ & ^
1^1 M I
*j»qaniH
r4 MM^IO
;4 a 3 s
s s a S3
fi s
Digitized by
Google
1020 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
From the above table it will be seen that the age, sex, occupation, and the sup-
ply of ice and ice cream show nothing unusual. The absence of children assists
in the elimination of milk as the cause. The cases were divided among practising
physicians and there appeared no reason to doubt the diagnosis.
As Kutztown is a small borough there are but two milk dealers selling milk
extensively. These two dealers are J. Schwoyer and Walter Weidler. Both sold
from wagons and maintained milk depots in fair sanitary condition. Mr. Schwoyer
had by rar the greater number of customers, and as would be expected he supplied
the greater number of typhoid fever patients. But little ice cream had been
used. Also but few patients had used ice until after becoming sick. The ice
furnished by Mr. Rhode was artificial.
The sanitary conditions on the properties where typhoid fever was found were
good in almost every case. The patients were financially able in several cases to
secure trained nurses and in others the usual precautionary measures were taken
where the nursing was done by members of the household. It is probaUe, how-
ever, that there was some infection within the households. The second cases
in the Hilbert and Bieber families and the third and fourth cases in the Grolf
family may be considered as contact cases. No evidence could be obtained show-
ing that infection was carried from one house to another.
The first nine cases were scattered throughout the borough. The first case oc-
curring in Noble street gives date of onset us May 7th. This is the only case
on Noble street and in the vicinity that did not use water from the William Kutz
well. After the ninth case with onset May 20th all of the cases with the excep-
tion of the eleventh, with onset June 1st, occurred in a small district on Noble
street or on Normal avenue immediately oft Noble street. All of these cases
obtained water from the William Kutz well and in almost every instance also
used the public water supply. As a whole twenty-one of the twenty-four cases
used the borough water supply. Only three of these twenty-one cases used the
borough water supply exclusively. One of the two cases using no borough water
obtained her entire supply from a dug well. The other case used the Kutz well
in connection with other well and cistern waters.
It is possible that the William Kutz well may have been infected during the
early part of the typhoid fever outbreak and thereafter became the cause of 4he
cases on Noble street and vicinity. The first two cases in July may be considertnl
as infected by contjict. The last two cases in July probably should be considered
as occurring in June as they had not been well for sometime.
Individual WeUs.
The William Kutz and Deisher wells nro near the last two houses od the east
side of Noble street, the last house being on the Kutz property. The Deisher well
is a drilled well ninety -one feet deep and well protected. The results of three
samples were satisfactory. This well had been used by several of the typhoid
fever cases, but it is not suspected of being the cause of any disease.
The William Kutz well is a shallow dug well having a loose cover and in
poor condition. The water from this well was considered of excellent quality and
apparently was in use by almost the whole of the immediate neighborhood. It
was believed by many to be the cause of the typhoid fever on Noble street and
Normal avenue. All but one of the fever cases in this section used the water.
Because of the evidence pointing to this well as the cause of the fever in this sec-
tion it was closed. Samples were collected. One of the four samples showed
the presence of B. Coli. Two of the other samples gave very high bacterial counts.
Since the discontinuance of the William Kutz well typhoid fever has disappeared
from the neighborhood. The Deisher well is being used instead of the Kutz well.
It is estimated that there arc nearly one hundred individual wells in use within
the water district. A few of these wells are used by the immediate neighborhood.
It would appear that it is a custom among the inhabitants of this borough to
carry water from neighboring wells for drinking purposes. Many of those havini;
the public water supply in their houses thus carry water from wells, especially
during the summer.
A well is located on Greenwich street adjoining the property of Charles Kxirr.
and this well is designated as the Charles Kutz well. Because many persons
carry water from this well samples were collected, and these showed the water
to contain a large number of bacteria and B. Coli. Because of this the well was
placarded and those interested in using the water are making an effort adequately
to protect the well from surface? drainage, and are installing a new puinp. Then*
is no reason to suspect this well as having been the general cause of the typhoid
fever.
The well on the property of Mnry Rieeol, Walnut street, was sampled and as
eaeh of two samiiles showed the presence of l\. Coli. the well was placarded.
The well at the foundry of the Kutztown Foundry and Machine Company was
sampled because it was used as a drinking supply for several hundred men, Amone
these workmen three fever cases developed. This is a dug well, protected from
surface drainage and from accidental contamination. The results from two samples
proved satisfactory.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1Q21
Samples were also collected from the wells on the property of Julia Kemp and
D. D. Kutz. Because the Kutz well was found to contain B. Coli. in each of
the two samples it was placarded. The sample from the Julia Kemp well showed
the absence of B. Coli.
The results of the bacteriological analyses of samples collected from the in-
dividual wells and analyzed at the laboratories of the State Department of Health,
are as follows:
.
V
V
1
Name.
«4
o
1
8
m
Q
n
PQ
1913.
June 29th
Jalj 1st
July 2nd
Jane 29th
Jnly 2nd
Auffnst 8th
August 8th
July 2nd
July 17th
August 8th
August 8th
July 2nd
July 17th
July 2nd
July 2nd
August Sth
«July 9th
July 17th
I
Dcisher well
Deisher well,
Deisher well,
William Kuts well, ...
William Kutz well, ...
William Kutz well. ...
William Kuts well, ...
Charles Kutz
Charles Kutz,
Charles Kutz,
Charles Kutz
Mary Rlegel well,
Mary Riegel well
Julia Kemp well,
Kutztown Foundry well,
Kutz town Foundry well.
D. D. Kutz well
D. D. Kuts well
I
80
2.500
2.400
600
10.000
16.200
1.200
6,400
100
6.000
10
10,000
3.000
210
21
700
660
6,400
2,000
36
Discussion of Typhoid Outbreak.
The first nine cases of the outbreak and several subsequent ones appear reason-
ably attributable to the public water supply, as suggested in Mr. Irwin's report.
though the sixth case is not shown positively to have used public water. The re-
mainder of the twenty-four cases up to July loth are attributable to the William
Kuts well either directly or through secondary infection within the households.
This seems entirely justifiable from the relatively large number of cases among
the households using the William Kutz well, even though most of these cases used
public water also.
Schwoyer's milk supply was furnished to all but a few of the typhoid fever
patients. He supplied, however, most of the families in town and no reason
was found to suspect the milk as a source of typhoid infection. The cases straggled
through a considerable period, as would not have occurred in the case of the con-
tamination of the entire milk supply, or even a single can. It has been customary
in Kutztown to serve the milk from the can directly to the receptacle furnished
by the customer, elimipating the possibility of house to house infection through
the transfer of contaminated milk bottles.
The close proximity of many of the cases would naturally suggest that flies
may have had a share in the transmission of infection. This possibility was care-
fully considered. A study of the dates of onset and of the general sanitary condi-
tions of the afflicted households, as well as the relative position of the dwellings,
led to the conclusion that it was not necessary to lay stress on this agency.
The typhoid fever in Kutztown abated for a period of two months from the
middle of July. This was about two weeks after the people became thoroughly
alarmed and the State Health officers had caused the establishment of disinfection
of the public water supply and the people commenced to heed warnings to boil
all water and avoid the use of the William Kutz well and other suspicious wells.
Two cases did develop within this time, the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth cases
of the year, respectively, on July 17th and Ausrust 3rd, but each of these cases
as well as the twenty-fourth case, with onset of July 15th, more than two weeks after
the first emergency steps, was in a household where there had been a previous case.
Therefore, these cases, the only ones which developed in this time, are more
reasonably charged to secondary infection than to the public water supply even
though precautions were taken in the care of the previous patients in the house-
holds.
The disinfection of the public water supply was supervised by the State Depart-
ment of Health until August 20th, as previously mentioned, then, the disinfecting
plant in good working order, was turned over to the water company's operator
Digitized by
Google
1022 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
who had become familiar with the process. Nevertheless the temporary makeshift
nature of this treatment was emphasized to the water company officials and the
local municipal authorities, both personally and by correspondence from the Com-
missioner of Health. The need for boiling all water as the only adequate safe-
guard was emphasized again and again.
Second Typhoid Outbreak.
Notwithstanding these urgent warnings to the inhabitants of Kutztown and the
water company officials, carelessness and laxity gradually developed as the situa-
tion seemed to improve.
Eight additional cases of typhoid fever developed after the departure of Mr.
Irwin from Kutztown^ from September 22nd to the close of 1913, bringing the total
for the year up to thirty -four, although only thirty-two of these were formally re-
ported to the State Department of Health at Harrisburg.
These last eight cases were all in houses in which typhoid had not occurred pre-
viously during the year. They cannot be attributed to private well waters, the
milk supply or any other foods. The public water supply seems the only likely
source of infection.
The following table gives a summary of the data collected by a Department
officer relative to these cases toward the close of the year. They are plotted on
the foregoing sketch by numbers consecutive to those of the earlier cases. The
twenty-fifth and twenty -sixth cases rightly belong in the group previously dis-
cussed.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
mm
»
n
w
g
o
Si
S 8
I
1
g i
o
flsaaacaaaS
a«P99S09 0-S
N I? N N N N N b5 N ^
t5«i3aaa«**?3a
•llliJ
>^"<CQOOO*z;OOQ
afafasfcaaafca
SS2S§^^^»SS{3
HlSS^SSS^Sg^SSS^
>> K K h »• ^ >» >» >» >•
§§§§§§§§§.§
:^ :
pe .oo .o .oo
■g'go-S-Sl'gS'g'g
OQCCCQ&QQQncOnCQOQ
0L| Q £ (I4 (I4 (I4 0L| £ £ pLi
•J3 a>
Iffl-O
J2ti
00-^ etf a> « fl a! . a «
A a B o;::,:^ o $ B 5
65
Digitized by
Google
1024 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
Measures For Water Works Permanent Improvements.
Investigations of the public water works sj'Stem from time to time by Depart-
ment Assistant Engineers and the results of bacteriological analyses of samples
collected during their investigations showed the laxity of the water company in
operating the chlorinated lime disinfecting plant and the consequent Irregular and
unsatisfactory results of the treatment. The matter was taken up with the water
company in the following letter:
"Peter Wanner, Pres., Kutztown Water Co., "November 12, 1913."
"622 Court St., Reading, Penn'a.
"Dear Sir:—
"It becomes my duty in the interests of the public health to notify and require
you to forthwith engage the services of an engineer experienced in the treatment
of water to undertake responsible supervision of your Kutztown plant and establish
its operation in a manner so as not to be prejudicial to public health in so Car as
this can be accomplished immediately by emergency measures, such as the use of
chemical germicides and cleaning the pipes, etc. The results of the bacteriological
tests made of the water from time to time since the installation of the emergency
chemical apparatus indicate that the operation is not being carried on with that
faithfulness and regularity necessary to safeguard the public health.
"You are further hereby ordered and required, in order that your company may
fulfill its obligations to the public, to have prepared and submit to this Department
for approval on or before January 1st, 1914, plans and specifications and a report
for a pure and adequate source of supply which will not be prejudicial to the public
health and to be prepared to at once undertake the execution of the proposed
plans after they are modified, amended or approved by this Department.
Very truly yours.
"SAMUEL G. DIXON."
Mr. Wanner called at the Department offices on December 10th to give assur-
ance of the water company's intention to comply with the DepartmenPs require-
ments. On December 16th an engineer, engaged by the water company, called at
the Department oflices to go over the Department's requirements in a preliminary
way and promised to submit plans early the following year.
23. TYPHOID FEVER IN NUREMBERG VILLAGE.
On August 21, 1913, a letter was received from Judge James C. Singley, a resi-
dent of Nuremberg, Schuylkill County, asking the help of this Department to in-
vestigate and chock an outbreak of typhoid fever in that village. It developed
subsequently that typhoid had been prevalent in the community since May, in
which month six cases had their onset. In June and July each there were two
cases. It is believed that the townspeople were aware of the spreading disease
and probably had taken some precautions, but in August the number of cases
increased so rapidly that the residents in Nuremberg became alarmed, with the
result that a call for aid was made on the State Department of Health.
On the same day that this letter was received, the County Medical Inspector,
Dr. L. T. Kennedy, of Pottsville, was instructed to sro to Nuremberg and make
an investigation, whirh he did on the day he received the instructions. On the
following day, because of the seriousness of the situation as set forth in the
telephone communication from Dr. Kennedy, officers of the Engineering Division
were dispatched to Nuremberg with instructions carefully to investigate the out-
break. Assistant Engineer H. E. Moses with Assistant Engineer C. L. Siebert
and Inspector James B. Aurand arrived in Nuremberg on August 23rd and con-
ducted the investigation.
General Conditions.
The village of Nuremberg, also called New London, lies on the boundary line
between Schuylkill and Luzerne Counties. The main portion of the town is in
North Union Township, Schuylkill (\iunty, a small section extending over the
county line into Black Creek Tt»wiiship. Luzerne County. The town lies on the
southern slope of South Buck Mountain and drains into Tomhicken Creek, which
is a tributary of the C;Unwissa Crook, this latter stream joining the North Branch
of the Susquehanna River at the Borough of Catawissa. The nearest railroad sta-
tion is at Forn Glou lying in the valley of Black Creek, half a mile over the moun-
tain from Nuremberg. The Pennsylvania Railroad passes through Pern Glen
Nuremberg is twelve miles west of Hazleton.
The village is supported mostly by the coal operations in Black Creek Valley
on the other side of the mountain. There are no mines in the village. During
the course of the epidemic an inspection of the town was made by officers of tbc
Department by which it was ascertained that there are 170 properties, of which
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1025
number 38 are in Luzerne CJounty and 132 in Schuylkill County. In this latter
section 469 persons reside and in the former 137 persons live, a total of 606. For
all practical purposes there is no dividing line through the village.
There are three main streets in the town, the principal of which is Mahanoy
street lying wholly within Schuylkill County and along this thoroughfare stand
the greater number of the buildings of the village. In the same county, at the
east end of the village, a road leads off at right angles to Mahanoy street extend-
ing towards Mahanoy City and along this road about twenty properties are sit-
uated. The rest of the properties in the Schuylkill County section of the village
are scattered on various other streets that branch from the main street. At the
western or opposite end of the village Hazle street extends at right angles to
Mahanoy street and passes over into Luzerne County leading toward Hazleton.
Twenty-seven of the thirty-eight properties are strung out along Hazle street,
the rest are scattered.
In the Luzerne County side of the village the inhabitants rely mostly on private
wells connected with each property for their supply of water. Along the east
side of Hazle street, about 500 feet from the couutj' line, Gernhardt Spring is
located at the foot of the mountain. This is fifty feet north of the Gernhardt
residence. This spring is unprotected and is used considerably by persons residing
in the neighborhood. In the Schuylkill County section of the village there are
two semi-public water works systems. The larger of the two is known as the
Breisch system, owned and operated by Theodore A. Breisch, a resident of the
village. The source of supply is a six-inch drilled well ninety -eight feet deep
with the casing driven two feet in the rock, here encountered fifty-five feet below
the surface of the ground. The well is located just off of Mahanoy street on the
slope of the mountain at the extreme eastern edge of the village. There are no
buildings on the mountain side above the well. Water is raised by a pump at
the rate of 300 gallons an hour to an elevated wooden tank, capacity 1,500 gallons,
through an inch and a quarter force main. From the tank a three-quarter inch
pipe supplies a three inch street main extending from the pumping station for
1,500 feet west in Mahanoy street. The daily consumption is said to amount to
1,500 gallons and there are thirty-two consumers, which includes four hotel prop-
erties, the remainder being residences.
The other semi-public supply in this section of the village is known as the
Henry Lutz water works system for which the source of supply comprises two
springs in the woods in the southwestern outskirts of the village. The springs
issue from the slope of the mountain and there is one occupied property above
them. The springs have been walled in and covered, but are not absolutely pro-
tected against intruders or surface drainage. From the springs a gravity line
extends eastward to the Henry Lutz property, where a supply of water is furnished.
and continues thence on to Mahanoy City road and here supplies five properties.
In this same section of the town there is a spring used considerably by the public,
known as the Moses Sherman spring, located in the northeastern part of the
village about 500 feet north of Mahanoy street. A considerable portion of the
town lies above this spring and there is a remote possibility of surface drainage
polluting it.
AH of the above semi-public and spring supplies have been sampled by the De-
partment and the results of the analyses will be set forth later.
Nuremberg does not have a public sewer system. By the inspection of the
village it was ascertained that there were no direct stream pollutions, but nuis-
ances were discovered. Of- the 170 properties inspected fifty-one wore found to be
in a satisfactory condition and 119 unsatisfactory. On these, 307 nuisances were
found and 118 notices of abatement have been served, one nuisance being abated
without serving a notice. Of the nuisances found eighty-five were by privies
and ninety -eight of kitchen and laundry wastes.
Typhoid Fever Outbreak.
For the first four months of 1913 there were no typhoid cases in Nuremberg.
During the next four months there wore a total of twenty-two cases, twelve of
these occnrring during August. In the last third of the year there were four
caises, making a total of twenty-six cases for the year. The Department's investi-
ff^ation occurred the latter part of August, the officers not arriving on the scene
until the epidemic had practically abated, so far as the onset of new cases is
concernpd. All cases, however, that had occurred in the village or the immediate
vicinity during the summer were studied, a total of twenty-two cases being made
the subject of a thorough investigation and the period thus covered extending from
May to August, inclusive.
According to the onsets, there wore six cases in May, two in June, two in
July, and twelve in August, a total for the period of twenty-two. All but three
of these were in the village, these three living on separate farms in North Union
Township, about one mile south of Nuremberg, and in each instance the case had
aome connection with the village. The following table shows the cases by months
for the entire year:
6&-14— 1915
Digitized by
Google
1026
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Onsets By Days.
Off. Doc.
Day.
1
1
1
s
<
i
1
ex
j
i
1
1
-:
1. .
1
2. .
., ,,
....
.. ••
....
2
'.'.'.'.
....
....
8, .
....
....
....
4. •
....
'**i
....
....
1 ''"]
6. .
....
....
....
....
....
....
6. .
::::
....
....
....
....
7. .
'.'.'.'.
'.'.'.'.
....
8. .
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
9, .
"*i
"i
....
....
10, .
....
....
1
1
11, .
....
1
1
....
....
12, .
....
....
....
....
....
....
. 13. .
....
.... ' ....
14, .
....
.... ■ ....
16, .
....
*"i
....
....
.... 1 ....
16, .
1
....
....
17, .
....
"2
....
....
18. .
....
....
....
1
....
....
....
19, .
....
....
ao, .
"i
"i
....
■ ••»
a, .
....
....
....
"i
....
....
22. .
....
1
....
....
...".
23, .
'.'.'.'.
1
....
....
24. .
**'i
25. .
....
....
....
26, .
....
....
....
....
....
27. .
....
....
....
28. .
....
,. ..
29, .
['.'.'.
....
....
....
30, .
....
..- .
....
....
31, .
.... 1
1
'.'.'.',
....
....
Total
0
"o
~~0
^
~6
~~i
~*l
izj
"n
~»2
"n
0 , 26
1
^These foar cases were reported to the Department subfleqnentlj to the InveBtlgation and the
exact time of onset was not given.
By the above table it is seen that the outbreak reached its height in August,
over forty-six per cent, of the entire number of cases for the whole year occurring
in this month.
In the homes affected there was a total population of 161 with twenty-two cases
of typhoid fever. Thus nearly fourteen per cent, of the entire population of these
households was affected. In two of the households there were two cases each and
in one other household three cases, with fifteen households having but one case
each. Below are shown statistics relating to morbidity and mortality:
Morbidity .
Total pop. in
Households
Affected .
161
Number
Cases.
22
Per cent.
Affected.
U
Mortality .
Total
Oases.
22
Deaths.
2
Per cent.
Deaths.
Of the twenty-two cases twenty fall in the age period from five to thirty. No
infants nor persons over fifty years of age were ill. Two of the cases fall into the
age period from thirty -five to forty-five. Below are shown in detail the facts
rdative to the age and sex of the patients:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1027
Age and Sex.
Age Period. Male. Female. . TotaL GlaBsiflcatlon.
0-4 0 0 0 Infanta 0
6-9, 1 8 4 Children 4
10-14 6 1 6)Minor8 9
16-19 2 1 »J
10-W, 8 1 4lOf age 7
25-29 2 1 8J
80-84 0 0 0
35-89 1 0 1
40-44 1 0 1
45-49 0 0 0
Middle age,
50 and over 0 0 0 Old age. ...
Total, 16 7 22 Total.
As to occupation it appears that fourteen of the cases may be considered as
stay-at-homes. This includes ten students, three persons engaged in housework
and one child. The rest of the patients, eight in number, were engaged in various
occupations that took them away from their homes more or less. The greatest
number in any particular class is the group of ten students. All except one of
these attended the Nuremberg School, the exception being a scholar in one of
the township schools outside of the village. A survey of the dates of onset of
these patients, however, reveals the fact that four of them came down with the
disease in May while school was in session, with two in July and four in August
during the vacation period. Consequently, it appears that the question of contact
at school has no particular significance. The occupations of the various patients
is shown below:
Occupations of Typhoid Fever Patients.
Classification. Cases.
Student, 10
Miner 4
Housewife, ) 2
Housework , f
Hotel proprietor 1
At home, 1
Domestic, 1
Laborer, 1
Powder works superintendent, 1
Carpenter 1
Total, 22
The use of raw shell fish is eliminated as a possible source of infection because
of the season of the year. Only one of the patients had eaten oysters within thirty
days of his onset.
Of the twenty-two cases fourteen had used no ice. six obtained their supply from
one dealer and two from another dealer. The supply to the six was obtained from
a small pond on a dairy farm about one mile south of the village. This pond
is fed by springs. The supply furnished the other two is cut from an ice pond on
Tomhicken Creek about half a mile south of Nuremberg. The watershed above
the pond is inhabited, the village of Nuremberg and the village of Weston being
located thereon. At Nuremberg there were no direct pollutions of this stream dis-
covered. The creek flows directly through the village of Weston and here 523
persons reside. One hundred and twenty properties were inspected and eighty un-
satisfactory ones were found on which 125 nuisances existed. In consideration of the
extent of the supply of ice to other persons in the village it cannot be concluded
that the ice had any particular bearing on the infection of these patients, both sup-
plies being quite generally used by the villagers.
Digitized by
Google
1028 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
The ice cream supply in the village was investigated. The principal dispenser of
this product, H. B., has a grocery store in the village and for the past eighteen years
has handled ice cream in connection therewith. He sells from eighteen to twenty
gallons a week from Alay to September, inclusive. The supply is purchased
of G. O. Praetorius, of Hazloton, shipped to Fern Glen by rail and thence
by wagon to Nuremberg. The trade is largely a retail one. Care is apparently
exercised in the handling of this commodity at the store. The water supply at
the store is furnished from the Breisch system and all utensils made use of in
handling the ice cream are thoroughly scalded and cleansed. Of the twenty-two
cases o| fever eight had used no ice cream, eleven had bought from the supply
just described, and the other three had used various supplies. There is no record
of any typhoid fever in the homes of any of the venders of ice cream in Nurem-
berg.
There are three significant features of this outbreak, namely, the grouping of
the cases with the possibility of the transmission of infection through the medium
of flies; the milk supply, with a chance of infection through a typhoid fever
carrier and a prior case of typhoid fever; and the water supply, connected with
which is the question of the general sanitary conditions in the village. These
three points will be considered seriatim.
Case Grouping. There are two distinct groups of cases, for the sake of con-
venience designated as groups A and B. Group A comprises four cases lyinK
in the southern part of the town along the Mahanoy City road. Here three
households were affected, all on the east side of the road and near one another.
The distance included by the three is not over three hundred feet. There is a
house intervening between each case and the one next to it. The fourth case
is on the opposite side of the roadway just across from the middle of thp three
cases. This latter case has no particular bearing on the group, it being the
case of a girl who was employed as a domestic in a hotel on Mahanoy street, in
the group B district. In this same hotel there was another case with an earlier
onset. Eliminating the case of this domestic leaves three cases in group A:
two are brothers residing in separate houses and the third an intimate companion
and fellow workman with one of the other cases. The first case is that of a boy
fourteen years old whose onset is given as May 10th ; the second house from
him is the home of his brother twenty years of age. a miner, with onset on May
11th, and two houses beyond this man is his fellow workman, also a miner,
onset on May lf)th. The two miners visited Hazloton occasionally and each
had been ailing for some time before the onsets actually given. One of these
men is reported as having been ill for at least thirty days prior to his determined
onset. This arouses a doubt as to the actual onset and it is thought that possibly
one of the casps may have infectrd the other two in some manner, as they were
together Almost constantly, or possibly t\%*o of the cases may have been primary
with a third secondary.
In group B there are ten cases, nine of which resided along Mahanoy street about
the centre of the village within a distance of five hundred foot. The tenth case,
about three weeks before his onset, moved from a house on Mahanoy street near
the other cases to a side street two hundred feet away. In this group there ar*»
three cases in one house, one of which is secondary, two cases in another house, one
being secondary, and the remaining five in as many separate houses. To this group
must be added the case referred to in the discussion of group A, being that of the
domestic who worked in the hotel where a case with an earlier onset was being
nursed. The onsets of the eleven cases are as follows:
Ca.se No. Onset. Remarks.
5 May 21
6 .Tune 17
9 July 24
10 Aug. 1
11 Aug. 3
12 Aug. 3
13 . Aug. 10 Secondary (?)
14 Aug. 11
17 Aug. 17 Secondary.
18 Aug. 22 Imported.
20 Aug. 23 Secondary.
Prom the above it appears that p(»ssibly three of the cases may have been seo-
onary and one imported, leaving seven with undertermined origins. It will be
noted that most of the cases occurred during the warm months.
The remainder of the cases, eight in number, are not grouped. One is in the
village along Ilazle street in the Luzerne County section, this being the case of
a boy. a laborer, who worked outside the village and who had been taken to the
Hazleton Hospital for an appendicitis operation. While there it developed that
he had typhoid fever. The origin of his infection is unknown. He is the only
case in the Luzerne County section of the village. Two of the other scattered cas****
were in one household and one was the cnse of a mother who nursed her son ill
with typhoid fever and she is probably a secondary. One of the remaining cas«^
is of unknown origin. In reference to remaining one, a man twenty years old.
the mother in this household in February had had symptoms of typhoid fever but
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKU OF HEALTH. 1029
the case was not positively dia^osed at that time. Later in September a blood
specimen from this woman was positive to the Widal test, so that she probably
infected the boy.
The three remaining cases are located on farms about one mile south of Nurem-
berg with onsets May 9th, August 9th, and August 20th. There seems to be
no direct connection between the three cases; two were school children, one at-
tending the Nuremberg School, and the other a boy, attending a township school
outside of the village. It is reported that this boy associated and played with one
of the boys residing in the village during his convalescence from typhoid fever so
that his may be a contact case. The third case in the country is that of a carpenter
working at his trade for most of the aummer in the village of Nuremberg. No
cause of infection has been traced in this case.
Flies. Taking into consideration the grouping o' the cases and, particularly as re-
lates to those in group B, the dates of onset there is some reason to believe that pos-
sibly the infection may have been spread during the summer months thronsrh the
medium of flies. The town has no public sewer system or public method of
garbage disposal and many nuisances and instances of unsanitary conditions were
discovered by the Department officers. This theory cannot be proved absolutely
but it is based on the existing conditions and is oiTered as a possible solution of
the spread of the infection.
Milk Supply. For the past twenty years the principal milk supply of the village
of Nuremberg is from the daip' farm of C. B., about one mile south of the village.
This supply also is the principal one in the villages of Fern Glen, Derringor, and
Oowen , which three villages are . in the valley of Black Creek on the opposite
side of the mountain from Nuremberg. There is an average daily sale of 120
quarts of milk, distributed by this dairyman about as shown in the following
table:
Name of Village. Customers. Amount Sold.
Nuremberg 60 85 quarts
Fern Glen 14 16 quarts
Derringer, 6 6 quarts
Gowen , 9 9 quarts
Total 89 116 quarts
In the above are included four hotels in Nuremborg. each supplied with, on an
average, one quart daily; the store of F. F. Derr with four quarts daily, used for
milk shakes, and the bakery of Charles Zimmerman with two quarts daily, also
used for milk shakes. The remainder are residence customers.
On the dairy farm there are twenty-three head of cattle and at times a maximum
of 160 quarts of milk is produced. An investigation of the premises showed them to
be in good condition and it was evident that care was exercised in the production
and deliverj' of the milk, the can trade being in vosrue. Occasionally in case of
shortage, a small amount of milk is purchased from neighbors of this dairyman.
Five of the cases investigated used this supnly wholly and five others usod it
in connection with an additional supply. Considering the number of persons served
from this dairy, no suspicion can justly be attached to this milk supply. There
is no record of any cases of typhoid fever occurring along this milk route in the
other villages served .
Milk is also furnished in the village to a few residents by Dairyman T., but only
three cases of typhoid fever had been using this supnly. On the outskirts of the
town is the farm of H. L. ; here four cows are kept. On an average fifteen
quarts of milk a day are obtained, some of which is sold. There are five regular
customers and from six to ten occasional customers. The milk is prepared bv the
wife and one of the daughters of this farmer and. because of certain facts, th^ at-
tention of the Department was directed to this latter person. It appenrs that about
May 30th this girl was taken sick with symptoms somewhat indicative of typhoid
fever, although a positive diagnosis was not made. The illness was of about two
weeks' duration and it is reported that the impression prevailed that the girl had
typhoid fever. Among the families served wholly from this milk supply there were
four cases of typhoid fever, two of which had onsets in the early nart of Mnv and
the other two occurring in August. But this supply was also used occnsionallv in
four other households where typhoid cases occurred only one of which had an
onset in May, all the rest being later. It was thought that possibly this srirl
might be a carrier and in handling the milk be the cause of infecting this food
supply. Orders were given that she should discontinue the handling of milk until
a determination of this point was made. Efforts were made to secure a Widal or a
sample of feces from this girl, but without avail, she absolutely refusing to sMbi«ct
herself to this test. In view of all the circumstances, the possibility of infection
from this source is rather remote. In fact, from all the data obtainable, it does
Digitized by
Google
1030 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
not appear that the source of infection of the typhoid caRes in this locality can be
charged to the milk. The different supplies used by the patients are shown
in the following table:
Source of Supply. No. of Oases.
Dairyman H. L., 4
Dairyman 0. B., 5
Dairymen H. L. and C. B., '. 5
Dairyman T., 3
Own cows, .' 2
Various supplies, 2
No supply, 1
Total , 22
An interesting side-light on the relation of milk to this outbreak is in reference
to the use of this food product in milk-shakes in the village. It appears that the
first suspicious case of typhoid fever in Nuremberg occurred in February, 1913, but
the local physician was unable to make a positive diagnosis, telling the patient
that she had a "touch" of the disease. The patient in this case was Mrs. Liawrence
Nicolodi, living on the main street of the town in the vicinity of the locality where,
later on in the summer, a considerable portion of the cases resided. Mrs. Nocolodi
was the wife of a man who kept a small store and supplied a portion of the milk
used by a local dealer, F. D., for making milk-shakes in his confectionery store.
From the facts obtained by the census of the cases, it does not appear that this
milk supply was used to any large extent in any of the homes affected but definite
facts were not obtainable as to how universally thes(i milk-shakes were used by citi-
zens of the village, but it is to be supposed that children probably constituted the
best customers at this store for this particular commodity, and children and minors
comprised the majority of the typhoid cases.
Because of the suspicion attached to the case of Mrs. Nicolodi, a specimen of
blood was secured from her and this, upon analysis at the Department's laboratories,
showed that the examination was "positive to the Widal test." This Siimple was
collected in September, 1913, practically six months after her illness, and indicated
that possibly the woman was then a "carrier." To just what extent she may have
been a factor in either the inception or the spreading of this disease is difficult of
definite statement. At the time of our investigation much doubt existed as to
the actuality of this case, but this of course was cleared up later by the positive
Widal test.
Water Supply. The third significant feature of the outbreak is in relation to the
water supply. The various public and semi-public supplies have been discussed. The
use of wells is quite general, nearly every property having one on the premises.
Where the various public supplies come into the houses, this is often supplemented
by water secured from wells or springs, so that the use of well water is quite gen-
eral. These are mostly of the dug variety, from thirty to forty feet deep. They
are walled up with a loose dry wall, generally cnrried a short distance above the
ground level. In many instances where the wells were examined they were in-
adequately protected at the surface of the ground against surface drainage, and
often the pump platform was leaky, allowing contamination from the outside to
enter the well. Almost every residence in the village has a garden attached,
often worked close up to the well. From these gardens, with the inadequate pro-
tection afforded the wells, it is quite probable that drainage finds its way therein.
Moreover, the common method of disposal of kitclien and laundry wastes on the
surface of the ground, frequently in the vicinity of a well, is not especially conducive
to the preservation of the purity of this water supply. In addition to the above,
the town is built on the slopes of a mountain with a verv good opportunity for sur-
face drainage from the sections farther up the side of the mountain to find its
way into the wells at lower elevations. All of these factors must be taken int«>
consideration in interpreting the results of the analysis of water secured from varioua
wells in the village. These almost uniformly show evidence of sewage, contamina-
tion. Numerous samples were collected at the time of the Department's investiga-
tion and the results of the analysis of water from the private, public, and semi-
public supplies are shown in the following table. These include practically all of
the well supplies used by the typhoid fever patients.
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14:
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH
1031
Q
S
■c
I
I
Q
I
I
n
«0ei|O^OO9r-IOfH0
gS"SS^SS*g| «| J3§*^
gooovQOOHooMOo eeq
I
»T-«0 '040
S^»
11
6
n
fH ■ 'O©
§ : :«»§
i
s
1^
^1
SI
*s 01 a ? a
wjOQ m2
-, 6 0)
B
hi
•s
si
Mas'
a . -
Digitized by
Google
1032 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OB^ THE Off. 0oc.
The high counts of samples received August 25th may be partially accounted for by
the fact that tue samples remained in the express otuce for twenty-four hours, the
ice melted, and the temperature of the water was 75** F.
Precautionary Measures.
The milk dealers were cautioned about the handling of milk and ordered not to
take utensils irom homes where the typhoid cases existed. In the case of the
dairy where it was thought the carrier might exist, the suspect was ordered to re-
frain from taking any part in the production of the milk and later this milk supply
was excluded from the market until the source of infection from this source could be
more thoroughly looked into.
{Samples oi water were collected from the various private and public supplies, as
well as springs about the town. In the case of contamination appearing in the
private supplies the owner was notilied of that fact and advised to give the well a
thorough cleaning and adequately to protect his water supply from surface drain-
age by making tiie wall and the platform over the well tight. Where springs were
found to be suspicious they were placarded and the public warned against the
use of water from such sources. And generally the residents of the v£[lage were
notilied of the necessity of boiling water used for domestic purposes for at least
thirty minutes prior to its use. Xnis was accomplished by means of notices, through
the telephone operator, and by announcements made in the churches. Contamina-
tion was discovered in the water from the lireisch system. The owner of this sys-
tem was instructed to clean out the storage tank and to flush the public system,
which was done forthwith.
In addition to the above, the households generally were advised to take the proper
precautious to prevent the spread of the disease.
As a part of the investigation, the village was inspected and where nuisances or
pollutions were found notices of abatement were issued. This inspection was ex-
tended to the village of Weston, about a mile and a half east of Nuremberg, this
community being located on the watershed of Tomhicken Creek above the ice pond
from wbich part of the Nuremberg ice supply is obtained. The residents were
given advice in general relative to the necessity of maintaining the village in a
sanitary condition. There was a movement on foot to sink more wells and to
install a public water works system, or rather to extend the one now furnishing
part of the town, to the end that the private wells might be abandoned, as it was
believed that under the existing method of sewage disposal into privies there was an
ever present possibility of contamination of these various wells. At the end of the
year this project had not materialized.
An interesting feature of this outbreak is the history of the case of Mrs. Lawrence
Nicolodi— ill in February with slight symptoms of typhoid fever, apparently not suf-
ficient to enable the attending physician to diagnose the case, and showing as late
as September in the same year a positive reaction when a sample of her blood was
subjected to the Widal test. From this household a milk supply found its way into
a public store and was here dispensed in small quantities to the public. Later, one
of the children in the same household came down with the disease. This, in all
probability, was a secondary case from the mother. The effect of the primary
case on this community is diflicult to estimate.
24. REPORT OF INVESTICATIONS CONCERNING THE PREVALENCE OF
TYPHOID FEVER IN PHILADELPHIA DURING THE YEAR 1913.
I>ate in the spring the attention of the Commissioner of Health was drawn to the
marked increase of rases of typhoid fever in the city of Philadelphia and the
Chief Engineer was directed to make a personal inspection of the situation. The
hospitals in the city were visited and the records of the Bureau of Health were
carefully examined. It was found that there had really been many more cases
during the months of April, May, and June than in the same months of 1912
although from January to March the number of cases was less. It also appeared
that the wards along the Delaware River were the wards most affected despite
the fact that this region is of late supplied with filtered water. Suspicion had
been already directed to the existence of a dual system of water pipes in many
manufacturing plants. Such a system may easily permit raw river water to be
mixed with the filtered water in the mains and thus pollute the drinking water
over a large territory. The Department of Health cooperating with the health
authorities of the city issued a warning that the situation was serious and that
yet more trouble might be exported. The Commissioner of Health concurred in the
conclusion that sewage pollution through service connections to manufacturing
establishments was the cause of the infection, or at least played an important iiart
in the outbreak.
The Chief Engineer was instructed to watch the progress of the outbreak, and
he was again in Philadelphia at the end of July and made a further inspootioo in
the earlv part of September. Up to this time the epidemic had not abated. Toward
the end" of the month the situation had become so much worse that orders issued
to assemble a field force and undertake a thorough examination of the water
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
VNi^TER SUPPLY DISTRICTS
WARD LOCATIONS
CITY or PHILADETLPHIA
1913
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1033
supply of Philadelphia. The operations of this force covered a period of seven
weeks of field work and in a limited way of several weeks more; a much longer
time was required for the nec€si«ary office work. As the investigation proceeded
frequent reports were prepared and presented to the Commissioner. These were
later combined and elaborated to form a voluminous general report which has
been much condensed for this annual report.
Ill the field the Chief Engineer was assisted by these Assistant Engineers: Paul
Hooker, H. E. Moses, R. E. Irwin, S. R. Parke, Jr., 0. L. Siebert. R. B.
Styer, and M. B. Shaughnessy; and these Inspectors: W. W. Ritter, I. F.
Ziegler, C. T. Maday, J. B. Aurand, D. Zellers, J. M. Hellings, C. P. Jarrett,
W. K. Claypoole, J. W. Roebuck, S. B. Engle, E. H. Evans, and W. S.
Hood. These ofiicers were utilized in the investigation as circumstances required.
The special inspection of the water works, including the filtration plants, was
made by the Chief Engineer with the aid of Mr. Irwin who also mainly conducted
the investigations carried on by the State relative to water sampling. The numer-
ous data thus collected appear in his various reports and are extensively repro-
duced in the account which follows.
The compilation of data relative to the individual cases of typhoid fever was
conducted by Mr. Moses, who aLso directed the field work with reference to truck
farms, certain special water supplies, wharves, docks, and ferries, and other
questions of a miscellaneous nature. He supervised the preparation of the vari-
ous report of assistants in the field, and finally compiled the formal general report
which is the basis of this publication.
The detailed study of the water supply on wharves, docks, and ferries, and
also on the vessels making the port of Philadelphia was made by Messrs. Parke
and Siebert with ^he aid of several Inspectors. Mr. Parke also looked into the
bottled water supply of the city and supervised such inspections as were under-
taken .
The study of typhoid fever in Pennsylvania within a limited distance of Phila-
delphia was carried on by the Associate Chief Medical Inspector, Dr. C. J.
Hunt, with the assistance of Mr. Shaughnessy and four Inspectors of the Division
of Sanitary Engineering. A similar inspection relative to the occurrence of typhoid
fever in New Jersey was made by Mr. Hooker who also studied the milk supply of
Philadelphia and reported on its possible relation to the epidemic.
The City of Philadelphia obtains its water supply from two sources — the Dela-
ware River and the Schuylkill River — and is divided accordingly into two main
water districts. Thus the Delaware River supply is distributed in the Torresdale
District, further divided into various sectional sub-districts, and the Schuylkill
River supply through four main districts. These various main districts have
been named according to the filtration works supplying them, the sub-districts be-
ing characterized by some distinction as to the method of service.
The water works system is owned by the municipality and aside from several
small districts in outlying sections, furnished through private water companies,
practically the entire city is supplied with water through this public sj'stem.
On the map accompanying this report, are shown the various water distribution
districts, reservoirs, pumping stations and filter plants of the city system as well
as the sections of the city served by private water companies. The ward locations
are also indicated in addition to the principal streams. The nomenclature ap-
pearing on the map is used in the descriptive matter of this report. "Torresdale
£2ast Park" district is also referred to as "Torresdale Main" district.
The Delaware River water is taken at Torresdale, subjected to filtration and
then conveyed through a tunnel of inverted siphon type to Lardner's Point, a dis-
tance of about three miles, where the old pumping station and raw water intake
are located and where the new twin pumping stations have been erected. The
old intake is kept in readiness for use in case of emergency. The uptake from
the tunnel delivers the filtered water to the pump chambers, whence it is pumped
into the Torresdale water district, comprising a high and low service. In 1913,
when the typhoid fever outbreak occurred, there was an estimated resident popula-
tion in the Torresdale high service district of 204,000 and in the Torresdale low
service district a resident population of 894,000, or a grand total of 1,098.000
persons being supplied with filtered water by the Lardner's Point Station. This
comprises 67.3 per cent, of the entire city population, which in 1913, was esti-
mated to be 1,632,000.
The Schuylkill River water is taken at three places, namely, at Shawmont,
Queen Lane, and Belmont.
The Shawmont pumping station is near the city boundary. It pumps the water
into a large reservoir used in connection with the Upper Roxborough filter plant
and it also delivers the river water into a small sedimentation reservoir operated
in connection with the I^wer Roxborough filter plant. These two filtergstations^
Digitized by VjOOQIC
1034 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
and reservoirs are near each other and partiy interchangeable. The combined dis-
trict served by these filter plants contains a resident population estimated at 146,000.
The Queen Lane pumping station is in East Fairmount Park, just below the
mouth of the Wissahickon Creek. It raises water to a reservoir used in connec-
tion with the Queen Lane filtration plant. Thence it is supplied to a district having
an estim,ated resident population of 102,000.
The Belmont pumping station is in West Fairmount Park, about five miles below
the Shawmont pumping station. It raises the river water to a storage and sedi-
mentation reservoir used in connection with the Belmont filter plant. Thence the
water is supplied to all of the city territory lying west of the Schuylkill River.
Here in 1913 there was a resident population estimatcMi at 281,000.
The total population in the city supplied with filtered Schuylkill River water is
therefore 509,000 or 31.2 per cent, of the entire city population. There is a section
of the city in the northeast that is not supplied with City water. Here reside
approximately 30,000 persons, equal to 1.5 per cent, of the entire city population.
Two hundred million gallons of filtered water are supplied daily to the Delaware
River water district. In the Schuylkill River water district 107,000,000 gallons of
filtered water are supplied daily divided as follows:
LTe? ISI&ulS Eiffi;} 21 niillion ^on.
Queen Lane District, 50 million gallons
Belmont District, 36 million gallons
Total in Schuylkill River Water District, 107 million gallons
TORRESDALE FILTRATION WORKS.
The Torresdale Station consists of an intake, a low lift pumping station, pre-
liminary filters, sixty-five slow sand filters and a filtered water basin, and is de-
signed for a daily capacity of 240,000,000 gallons. All of the filters are covered
and protected from the weather. So also is the clear water basin. The latter has
a capacity of 50,000,000 gallons at the normal water line. The water is therefore
displaced four times every twenty-four hours at the present rate of consumption in
the district supplied by Torresdale water. During July, 1907, twenty-five slow sand
filter units were put in service. They supplied 40,000,000 gallons to the consumers.
In November other units had been added and 60,000,000 gallons of filtered water
were delivered daily to the consumers. On March Ist, 1908, all of the filter units
were in commission and the output was increased to 80,000,000 gallons daily, and in
May of 1908 the maximum yield without pre-filters of 110,000,000 gallons daily was
reached .
Intake and Pumping Station.
The station house in which the pumps are located that supply the raw Delaware
River water to the filtration works, is located on the west bank of the river in the
Forty-first ward near the northern city limits.
Beneath the pumps is the suction chamber or well extending the entire length
of the building. Terminating in this well is a re-inforced concrete intake, horse-shoe
shaped, 14 feet wide, 10 feet 6 inches high and 700 feet long, projecting out into
the river seventy feet beyond the Port Warden line. At the outer end is a gate
house reached by a suspension foot bridge and mid-length is a second gate-house,
planned originally as an inlet from a sedimentation basin that was to have been
constructed along the river's edge north and south from the intake. The funds were
not forthcoming; but this second gate-house proved serviceable nevertheless. It
has been used as an intake — through a dredged channel — especially in winter when
needle-ice has put the screens of the other gate-house out of business.
Both gate chambers have shut-off sluice gates, operated electrically, and re-
movable screens. In the fall and spring months following heavy rains, the river
water contains leaves in abundance which clog the screens requiring more attention :
but the trouble is not insuperable. In the ice gorge season, field ice may back up in
front of the porta and lower the head of water four or five feet in the gate-cham-
ber, necessitating constant watchfulness and additional help. But the only diffictilty
experienced at the outer hon.«?e that has been insuperable— which puts it out of
commission— is that from needle-ice. These needles will clog up a screen sometimes
in a few minutes. Then it is that the second gate-house is used. The water is
warmer there, possible due to the discharge of condensation water nearby into the
dedged channel. .. , , . ^ m ^
In the station there seven centrifugal steam driven pum|)s, each of forty million
gallons capacity, and one fifty million gallon pump, totalling 330 million gallons
for twenty-four hours were all the pumps in service at one time. They lift the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1036
raw river water through an eleven foot steel conduit, encased in concrete, to the
pre-filters, elevated thirty-seven and a half feet above mean high tide. The water
can be delivered direct to the final sand, filters, a by-pass being provided for this
purpose ; but it is not used .
There are also in the station two five million gallon centrifugal steam driven tur-
bine pumps for supplying pre-filtered water, taken from the effluent pipe of the pre-
filters to the preliminary filters for washing purposes, and two smaller pumps, one
an old two million gallon Worthington compound duplex pump and the other a two
and a half million gallon centrifugal pump. These supply raw water to the final
sand filters for sand washing purposes.
From the entrance of the water to the preliminary filter plant the water flows by
gravity throuprh the entire treatment works to me filtered water basin and thence on
through the inverted siphon or tunnel to the city service pumps, three miles dis-
tant, at Lardner's Point Station.
Preliminary Filters.
The preliminary filters were started in operation in February of 1909 and have
since been in continuous service. They remove over sixty per cent, of the sediment
in the raw water and have doubled the output of the sand filters.
The turbidity of the raw water is highest in February and March. Then both the
pre-filters and final filters are much impeded in handling the raw water. In
February and March of 1912 that freshets brought down large quantities of sediment
and it was with difficulty that the filters were kept open sufficiently to pass the
water through. Hypochlorite of lime was then applied to reduce the bacteria in the
filtered water.
The pre-filters are of concrete construction arranged in eight rows of fifteen units
each, covered with a flat concrete roof supporting sixteen inches of gravel, loam and
sod. There are four filter houses each containing thirty units. In each filter house
there is a central pipe gallery, on either side of which are fifteen filters, the two
rows facing each other, making the total of a hundred and twenty filters.
Each filter is approximately twenty feet wide by sixty feet long and is controlled
independently by its own operating table. The raw water is admitted through a
gullet extending the entire length of the rear of the bed, and is controlled by a six-
teen inch hydraulic valve operated from the table in the filter gallery.
The eleven foot raw water supply conduit is laid in the ground along the front of
the plant and from it lead three seven foot feed pipes, one for each double row of
filters, and two five and a half foot pipes, one for each 6f the two single rows of
filters discharging into the influent gullet.
On the floor of each bed there are two longitudinal re-inforced concrete collectors,
extending the entire length of each bed and each thirty inches wide and eight inches
high in the clear placed on either side of the wash water gullet or drain that is buUt
up from the floor four feet three inches high and dividing the bed into separate
longitudinal compartments to this height. Water enters the collectors through open-
ing in the sides.
The filtering material is thirty-four inches in thickness. First comes a fifteen
inch layer of stone, two to three inches in size, laid on the filter floor the entire
width and covering the concrete collectors. Above this is a four inch layer of
stone, five-eighths to an inch and a half in size. Then comes a three inch layer of
gravel, one-fourth to half an inch in size. On top of this is the final layer of sand
twelve inches in thickness.
The depth of water maintained over the filtering surface is four feet. The water
. passes downward and thence out through the two concrete collectors into a sixteen
inch effluent pipe, provided with a hydraulically operated valve and rate controller,
one for each filter, located in the pipe gallery. The water then passes to the rein-
forced concrete effluent gullet six feet square, located in the central gallery under
.the operating floor in each filter house. The four effluent gullets from the entire
filter group discharge into an eleven foot steel riveted conduit that conveys the pre-
filtered water to the slow sand filter.
The washing process consists in reversing the flow in the filters. To regulate the
pressTire of the wash water there is a re-inforced concrete wash-water tank located
outside, containing two seperate concentric compartments, one for wash water and
one for filtered water, used for drinking and sanitary -purposes. The tank floors
are twenty-seven feet above the surrounding filters.
Only pre-filtered water from this tower is supplied for washing the pre-filters. The
two five million gallon wash water pumps are ample in capacity and if both were to
be out of service temporarily raw water could be supplied by a big pump.
On top of the effluent gullet in each filter hou.«ie, beneath the operating floor, is
a thirty inch wash water supply main and from it the wash water is led into each
filter unit through a twenty inch spiral riveted pipe suspended from the roof and
connected at the centre of the bed with four twelve inch pipes diverging towards the
comers, which in turn connect each with two vertical eiffht inch downtakes that
deliver the water to the manifold piping system in the gravel underdrains.
The air wash system comprises a main air supply pipe, twenty inches in diameter,
nrnning the full length of each fflter house and suspended from the roof. A blower
operate by an electric motor is located in each house and the systems in the four
Digitized by
Google
1038 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
houses are connected by pipes laid in the front gallery extending along the entire
plant. The air system is connected to the wash water piping and the air is in-
troduced through the manifold of each filter.
Above the concrete collectors, but not connected to them, is the manifold system
for air and water washing, consisting of an eight inch main with branch one and a
half inch galvanized pipes on either side laid in parallel rows, five and three-fourth
inches on centres, with three-sixteenth inch holes underneath, spaced five and three
four inches on centres, all placed in the middle gravel layer of each compartment.
The washing process is as follows: — Each filter is supplied with ten wash water
troughs, five on each side of the main wash water guUet or drain in the centre of
the bed to which the ten troughs extending from the side walls connect. These
troughs are of galvanized sheet steel? semi-circular in section, eighteen Inches wide,
and are six inches deep at the side wall and nine inches deep at the centre gullet.
The weir or lip of the troughs was designed to be fifteen inches above the sand sur-
face. In washing, the water on the sand is first drawn down to the level of the
wash water troughs, it is then shut off and the air is turned on for three minutes,
followed for one minute by an upward flow of wash water. Again for two minutes
air is supplied and after that for a minute and a half wash water is again furnished
The dirty water, mud, and sediment washed from the filter sand flows away in the
troughs and gullet through a hydraulically operated twelve inch by thirty-six inch
sluice gate into an open drain, in lower portion of the pipe gallery of the filter
house on either side of the efiluent gullet, finally passing into a three foot circular
brick drain at the rear end of the filter house, connecting to an eight and a half
foot main drain tiiat empties into Pennypack Creek.
There is no filtering to waste at this plant. On Monday December 1st, 1913, the
day of the State Health Department's inspection of the works, a sample of pre-
filtered water, collected immediately after the resumption of service of a unit suc-
ceeding washing, showed high color. Also the sample of raw water on the filter
showed high color: both sfimples being distinctly inferior in appearance to the water
in the Delaware River. This showed that the stirring up influence due to washing
materially affected the water under and over the filter just after washing. Were
the preliminary filters to be brought to a high stage of efficiency the wasting of the
filtered water of the first minute or two after washing would be desirable. There is
a six inch hand drainage gate at the bottom of each bed that could be fitted to
operate quickly, preferably by hydraulic pressure.
When tiie pre-filters were started in February 1909, there was, as explained, a
space of fifteen inches between the sand surface and the top of the trough. Now
there is an average space at all of the 120 units of 20.6 inches, ranging from eight
to twenty-six inches. This loss of three to eleven inches of filtering material with
a consequent loss in efficiency is attributed to the working down of sand into the
spaces in the gravel layers below, and tO the passing away of some of it with the
wash water. Each unit should be filled to its normal level with coarse sand an
near 0.8 mm. in size as possible.
Final Filter— Slow Sand.
There are sixty-five slow sand filters ranging in eight groups or batteries, four
on the west side and four on the oast side of a central driveway paralleling the
Delaware River. At right angles to this driveway there are three courts running
east and west and each faces on one of these courts. The battery arrangement is
indicated in the following table:
ARRANGEMENT OP 8IX)W SAND FILTERS AT THE TORRBSDALE WORKS.
Battery— Number.
Number of Filters.
1— Slnjrle group.
a-SInple group.
3— Double group.
4— Double group.
5— Double group.
6-Double group.
7— Single group.
8— Single group.
1 to 6 Inelnslye.
6 to 11 Inchialve.
18 to 27 IncluslTe.
( 12 to 17 Inclusive.
] 28 to 33 Inclusive.
40 to 49 Inclusive.
( 34 to 39 Inclusive.
\ 50 to 56 inclusive.
62 to 65 Inclusive.
56 to 61 inclusive.
The filters are rectangular in shape, forty-three measuring 140 feet by 235 feet in
plan, and twenty-two measuring 132 feet by 25.3 feot in plan, giving an area for
each of approximately three quarters of an acre. They are all oonstnicted on the
same level, are built of concrete, covered by groined arches and have puddle under
the floor and surrounding the side walls. The floors are inverted groined arches six
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1037
inches thick at the centre and fourteen inches under piers. The puddle is carried
up around the outside walls to a point one foot above the water line of the filters-
Tne vaulting is semi-elliptical, groined arches fourteen feet span, three inches rise
and six inches thick at the crown, and twenty-one inches thick over the piers. The
piers are thirty-four inches square at the base and twenty-two inches square at the
sand line. Ventilator shafts are provided in the roof for light and air. On top of
the vaulting is placed a four inch layer of broken stone supporting sand, loam and
well trimmed sod.
The filter underdrainage or collecting system is built as follows: The mam col-
lector is built of concrete and extends longitudinally in the centre for the entire
length of each sand filter. It is four feet wide and sixteen inches deep, without
openings. Eight inch vitrified pipe lateral collectors enter this drain on either side.
The laterals are placed in each bay, some being perforated and others having open
joints. The lines are plugged at the end remote from the main collector. Over the
collectors, resting on the floor, is placed coarse gravel, one and three-quarters
inches to three inches in size, then a four inch layer of gravel, one and three quarters
to five-eighths inch size, and then on top a three inch layer of fine gravel, one-
quarter to five-eighths inch in size, supporting a two inch layer of very fine gravel
and above this is one inch layer of coarse sand, totalling sixteen inches of under-
drainage. Above is placed filter sand, thirty inches deep, effective size of 0.28 to 0.36
mm. with uniformity co-eflSdent of about 2.5.
Each filter is provided with a regulating house containing all valves pertaining
to the operation of the filter, also automatic effluent regiilators which maintain a
uniform rate of filtration regardless of the constantly fluctuating friction through
the sand. Each filter has its own valve chamber in which is located the floating
weir for controlling the rate of filtration. Each filter is also provided with a large
entrance at the court level to afford facilities for maintaining the filters.
The applied water is conveyed to the final filters in an eleven foot conduit that
extends along Delaware Avenue and branches into each court. The piping for
each filter unit is located in the court in front and consists of supply, etfluent,
drain, refill, valved chamber drain, overflow, and pressure lines, the latter for
sand washers. There is no way provided to by-pass the final sand filters. All
water delivered to the city must pass through the final sand filter beds. The ap-
plied water is discharged from the supply main in the court to the regulating house
in the corner of the niter bed and thence it pas.ses over a weir to the filter. The
heavy sediment subsides in this corner and is deposited on the sand filters. The
finer sediment requires more time to subside and hence more of it is deposited on the
sand surface near the opposite and remote comer of the filter bed. In this portion
of the filter also the penetration of sediment into the sand is deeper.
When the filter bed becomes clogged one of three methods of cleaning may be
employed as explained in the following paragraphs:
The method of cleaning originally planned is still occasionally employed as fol-
lows: The filter is first put out of service, allowing the water above the sand
level slowly to filter through until the level subsides to a depth of one foot below
the surface level of the sand. This takes about thirty hours on the average,
liaborers then enter and scrape off the upper dirty layer of sand contining mud and
other suspended matter. The depth of scraping depends upon the depth of layer of
discolored sand, from one inch to several inches. The dirty sand is placed in piles
and then shoveled into a portable ejector that by water carriage conveys the material
to the permanent washer erected in the court outside.
These permanent sand washers are of the ejector type, and consist of a series of
hoppers, thirty-six inches in diameter, into which dirty sand from the filters Ir dis-
charged. The sand finds its way to the bottom of the hopper and is ejected to the
next hopper and so on. The dirty water overflows to the sewer. The water used
for this washing purpose is under high pressure. It is taken raw from the river and
is pumped in a single line used for no other purpose connected up to the high pres-
sure pipes in each filter bed and at the washers. The dirty sand contains all the
objectionable matter strained out of the filtered water. The object of washing is
not to sterilize the sand but to deanae it sufficiently to permit the filter to b<» used
again as a strainer. Hence, since the dirty sand may contain more bacteria than
the raw river water used for washing, a series of experiments were conducted to find
out whether filtered water or raw river water washing would make any differenco
and it was concluded that it would not. The pressure pipe lines are not big enough
to fadlitate rapidity in removing the sand from the bed by this method.
The sand, cleaned by this method is piled in the court, and once a year it is re-
placed in the filters. These periods of re-sanding put out of commission a filter for
a considerable portion of time. Furthermore, in the spring of 1912. (the worst period
of bad water ever experienced) the sand filters were suddenly clojrged and extreme
efforts have been put forth to keep the plant in operation, in fact the filters have
never yet been put back into as good a condition as they were before. So much
sand had to be removed and washed and piled up on the courts that there has not
been opportunity since to replace all of it. There are now six filters with a depth
of twenty-two inches only of sand and the others have from twenty-six to thirty
inches of sand in them, thirty inches being the normal depth.
After a bed has b*»en cleaned, a valve i,s opened in the regulating house and filtered
water backflows the underdrain and the sand to a level of four inches above the
■and surface. Then pre-filtered water is applied as usual and filtration is resumed
Digitized by
Google
1038 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
but at a rate of a million gallons an acre daily for the first twenty-four hours, in-
creasing the rate each succeeding twenty-four hours one million gallons until the six
million rate is reached, which gives an average output of four and a half million
gallons yield to the filter bed in twenty -four hours. When, however, the river water
is bad, this period is shortened in order to deliver as much filtered water as the
city demands and this, of course, tends to lower the degree of purification attained.
In order to obviate this, either the water must be more perfectly pretreated or more
sand filter units must be added.
The "Brooklyn method" of sand cleaning ia also used. This method permits the
sand to be cleaned in the filters without removal to the court. The water is
drained off to a depth of a few inches above the sand surface and outlets, which
permit the water remaining above the surface of the sand to flow off, are then
opened. The wash water is applied at one end of the bed and is allowed to flow
over the sand surface at the rate of half a foot a second velocity. The direction of
flpw is guided by boards set on edge, forming channels of the width of a bay, approxi-
mately fifteen feet. As the water flows over the sand, the layer is raked by men
standing on the surface of the bed. This raking is continued until the water flow-
ing off is dear. Water is then applied as usual and filtration resumed. No wasting
of the first filtered water is ever accomplished. This method suflices to keep the
filter in service a little longer, but does not stop the gradual accumulation of the
mud deeper in the sand spaces. It postpones the time when the bed must be drained
and the sand cleaned to a considerable depth.
The third way of cleaning is known as the Nichols method. The apparatus con-
sists of the ordinary ejector which delivers the sand and water into a device called
a "separator," mounted on wheels and moved into the filter for the time being. The
separator is a steel cylinder forty-two inches in diameter and three feet high, having
a cone shaped bottom in which is placed a valve and hose connection through which
the sand is forced from the separator. The interior is arranged with baflles and a
disc so that there is a down-flowing stream of sand and an up-flowing stream of
wash water which is wasted to the sewer. The clean sand is discharged through a
two inch line in small piles direct to the filter surface and is then spread and
leveled by hand or it may be deposited in place by manipulation of the hose.
At the present time by this method the turning over of the sand from twelve inches
to fifteen inches in depth is going on. Thirty filters have been deep cleaned and a
force of men numbering 110 (which is twenty-nve more than the ordinary force) is at
work on the remainder. Four beds can be completed in a week working ten hourt«
each day.
The dirty wash water is carried off by sewers to the Pennypack Creek outfall.
The effluent is discharged into pipes laid under the courts which connect with a re-
inforced concreteT conduit, horseshoe shaped, equivalent to ten foot circular, leading
to the filtered water basin.
In the court are constructed shelter houses for the convenience of the employees.
Filtered Water Basin.
The filtered water basin is constructed on lower ground, is groined arched, covered
and maintained as a lawn, the top being water tight and the surface water drained
to the sewer. It is rectangular in shape, 762 feet long by 602 feet wide, with an
available depth of fifteen feet, giving a capacity of fifty million gallons at the normal
water line. The filtered water passes into the basin at one of its comers through
an inlet gate house located on the State Road opposite the laboratory building. This
gate house is provided with eight sluice gates near the bottom and is arranged so
that the filtered water basin can be shut off and the water passed around it through
a reinforced concrete conduit eight feet in diameter. A seventy-two inch valve is
placed on the by-pass and can be operated electrically from the interior of the inlet
gate house.
In the corner diagonally opposite to the inlet an outlet chamber is constructed
where provision is made for placing wooden stopplanks which may be used to pre-
vent water entering from the by-pass in the event of emptying the filtered water
basin. An overflow chamber is constructed in the conduit leading to the entranc*"
shaft of the Torresdale conduit so that when the water level reaches an elevation of
7.25 CJity Datum it will overflow into the sewer.
In the inlet gate chamber in front of the sluice ports chlorinated lime solutions are
applied. Each port is forty-eight inches in diameter and all eight of them are open.
TorrevSdale Conduit.
The Torresdale Conduit rarrios the filtered water from Torresdale to the I^rdner\s
Point pumping station, three miles distant down stream on the Delaware River.
where it is pumped into the distributing system. The conduit is 13,800 feet in
length, between end shafts, and is constructed entirely in tunnel, ten feet seven
inches internal diameter. The elevation at the entrance shaft is 127 feet below the
ground surface and the lower end is ten feet higher, this rise of ten feet in about
14,000 being provided to prevent air locks. The shaft at the inlet end is connected
with the conduit leading from the Torresdale filtered water basin and is of the same
diameter as the conduit. Provision has been made in the construction of thia shaft
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1038
for a future connection to the Torresdale filters in case of their extension. The
upper portion of the shafts is constructed of steel shells which extend through the
soU down to and partiy into the rock and are lined with brick. The elbows at the
bottom of the shafts are built of concrete on radii of fifteen feet and nine inches.
Tlie tunnel is lined with hard-burned brick backed with concrete. The lining in the
invert is of two courses of brick laid on a cradle of concrete. The arch ring varies
from three to five courses of brick, depending upon the nature of the material in
the roof of the tunnel. The shaft at the Lardner's Point end has a diameter of
twenty-one feet for the upper forty feet and decreases funnel shape into the lower
portion of the shaft, which is ten feet seven inches in diameter. Two connections
are made with the shaft, one fourteen feet and the other seven feet in diameter,
leading to the pump well.
Gardner's Point Pumping Station.
The pumping plant at Lardner's Point consists of three separate pumping stations.
The first is an old station, now known as No. 1 house and formerly termed the
"Frankford Pumping Station," and was used in the old system to pump water
from the Delaware River to the Frankford Distributing System. The former in-
take to the Delaware River is still maintained for emergency used but is kept tightly
closed. A new connection has been made to the filtered water conduit leading from
the outlet shaft of the Torresdale Conduit.
The pumping equipment in this station rrom prises one compound, vertical Cramp
pump of ten million gallons capacity, one Wetherill horizontal of ten million gallons
capacity, one Southwark vertical of twenty million gallons capacity and a South-
wark vertical-horizontal of fifteen million gallons capacity. This station has twelve
Marine type boilers of 200 H. P. capacity each.
Two entirely new stations were constructed and contain twelve vertical, triple ex-
pansion Holly pumping engines each of twenty million gallons daily capacity. The
boiler rooms are built separate from the engine room, No. 2 having boilers aggre-
gating 5,400 H. P. and No. 3 aggregating 4,000 H. P. The water ends of the pumps
are set in the basement under the floor of the engine room, the entire steam ends
all being above the floor level. The pump well is under the basement floor in the
centre of the engine houses, extending thoir full length. It is constructed of rein-
forced concrete, horseshoe-shaped in .«iection, fourteen feet in width and height.
Between Engine Houses Nos. 2 and 3 a gate chamber is located which controls
the discharge from the larger connection to the outlet shaft of the Torresdale Con-
duit. It is connected to the pump well of both houses, and gates have been installed
for connecting the pump well of a future house to be located west of the present
plant.
Filtered Water at the Torresdale Works.
A comprehensive study of the filtered water as supplied from the Torresdale plant
was undertaken by officers of the State Department of Health as a part of the in-
vestigation made relative to the typhoid fever outbreak. This comprised a study of
the water at the filtration plant itself and also in the distribution district. There
are two testing laboratories maintained by the City Bureau of Water, one at Torres-
date in charge of Francis D. West and here all of the analytical work connected
with the sampling of the Torresdale water is performed : the other at the Belmont
filter plant, in charge of Dr. George E. Thomas, and here the testing of the samples
of the Schuylkill River water supply is carried out.
At Torresdale the filtered water basin samples are collected near the outlet of the
basin, two samples being taken every forenoon for bacteriological analysis. The
plating of the bacterial samples is done with selatin, the development being at
20* C. for forty-eight hour periods. The B. Coli samples are placed in dextrose
broth, using the Smith tube. If a gas is evolved after forty-eight hours at 37° C.
some of the broth is plated on litmus lactose agar for pink colonies. From this
plate a pink colony is picked and placed in dextrose broth for R. Coli determination.
If gas is evolved in the tubes seeded with pink colonies and fifty per cent, of it is
absorbed by sodium hydrate solution, this is taken to indicate sufficient carbon
dioxide to show the presence of B. Coli. Hence the process is not a count, but is
carried a littie farther than the usual presumptive test.
What two little samples of wat^r revenl, if negative, is a slender basis upon which
to rest an opinion as to the quality of the very large volume of water from which
the samples are taken, unless the attending circumstances are convincing. The
bacterial results are obtained from the examination of less than one pint of water
out of 200.000,000 gallons. The filtered water basin holds 50,000,000 gallons and this
volume has to be replaced four times every twenty-four hours. Hence two samples
daily indicate little when considered alone.
a' composite sample, made up of hourly collections throughout the twenty-four
hours, should be prepared daily for testing the water in the filtered water basin.
Chlorinated lime was applied at the entrance to the filtered water bavSin November
20th, 1910, for the first time, due to fnlling off in bacterial eflSciencv of the slow
sand filters and the appearance of B. Coli in the filtered water. This treatment
was discontinued May 9th. 1911, was resumed December 5th, 1911 and constant
applications of the disinfectant have been made over since.
Digitized by
Google
1040
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The following tables show in u summarized form facts indicative of the quality
of the water as revealed by the analysis of samples procured at the filtered water
basin. In the tables the monthly averages are shown:
Monthly Averages For 1911.
January. .
February. ,
March. ...
April
May
June,
July
August. ..
September,
October. .
November,
December.
Percentage of times B. Coll
were found in filtered water
basin samples.
In 1 C. C.
In 10 C. C.
26
3'
17
u
14]
14
8
3'
10
10
0
8
14
8
40
19
7
47
10
10 1
48
14
10
B7
19
10
67
10
19
70
120
43,
100
16
0
»
Remarks.
Treated with hypoclilorite.
Treated with hypochlorite.
Treated with hypochlorite.
Treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Not treated with hypochlorite.
Treated with hypochlorite.
It will be noted that the sewage organisms increased in the filtered water during
the months that the hypochlorite was not applied, but that the diminution was
very marked for December during which the disinfectant was used.
Monthly Averages For 1912.
Percentage of times B. Coli <
were found In filtered water
basin samples per C. C.
January, .,
February,
March. ...
April
May
June
July
August, . .
September.
October. .
November,
December.
Remarks.
In 1 C. C.
In 10 C. C.
80
3
7 1
Treated
260 !
24 ,
Treated
99!
19
Treated
22,
10'
Treated
17 '
8
Treated
IS
34 1
Treated
8
16
Treated
7
26
Treated
10
30
Treated
15 I
30
Treated
17 1
41
Treated
40
16 ,
Treated
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypoclilorite.
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochl(^ite.
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite.
During 1912, when one half part or more of the disinfectimt powder to the million
gallons of water was used, out of 364 tests only 2.5 per cent, of the samples col-
lected from the filtered water basin showed the presence of B. Coli in one cubic
centimeter of the water.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1041
For the year 1913 better results were scoured as will appear in the following table.
Out of 212 tests made up to September 1st, only two were positive in one cubic centi-
meter; and for ten cubic centimeters seven were positive.
Monthly Averages For 1913.
Jannary, . ,
Febraary, ,
March
April
M*y
June ,
July
Aogust. . .
September,
October, . .
NoTember,
December.
|55
Percentage of times B. CoU
"were found In filtered water
basin samples per C. 0.
28
^ i
10
6!
In 1 C. C.
In 10 C. C.
Bemarks.
Treated
Treated
Treated
Treated
Treated
Treated
Treated
Treated
■with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite,
with hypochlorite.
In a report made by Francis D. West, Chemist in charge of the Torresdale
T^aboratory, the following statements were made at the Convention of the New
England Water Works Association in Philadelphia in September 1913.
"As constructed at present, using hypo-chlorite, the Torresdale filtration plant
can and does produce an effluent that is almost entirely free from pathogenic bac-
teria, that is, perfectly safe to use without boiling or further treating, but one
that is not always clear.
"A plant constructed as Torresdale, without any sedimentation basin, is utterly
nnable to cope for any prolonged period with water having a turbidity of over 100,
that is, with the slow sand filters operating at a six million rate. When such a
condition is reached, the pre-filters failed to do I heir proportion of work, and the
final filters choke badly, allowing fine silt to pass through them. This chocking neces-
sitates cleaning for twenty-four hours a day with 55-58 filters doing the work of 05
and depending upon hypo-chlorite to reduce the number of bacteria and destroy the
pathogens, which it does.
•'Fortunately the periods of turbid water occur but seldom and are of short dura-
tion.
**The pre-filters should be changed and operated like the coal filters at Steelton,
or a sedimentation basin should be constructed, using alum to coagulate the water.
"But, to summarize, including the very worst periods the bacterial efficiency of
the Torresdale filter plant averages over 99.5 per cent; the water is clear and
sparkling at least forty-eight weeks of the year, and is perfectly safe to drink at
all times."
The condition of the Delaware River varying in the quality of its water trom time
to time has a vital bearing upon the operation of the Torresdale filter plant. The
Delaware is a fresh water stream for several miles below Philadelphia; neverthe-
less, it is affected by tides as far up-stream as Trenton , eighteen miles above Torres-
dale. The quality of the water at the Torresdale intake is affected by tlie sewage of
Philadelphia. Every flood tide brings sewage up pnst the Torresdale intake.
From May to November the efficiency of the filter plant is at its highest . The bac-
terial count of the Delaware River water fluctuates greatly depending on the tide
and influenced by the city sewage. The Torresdale intake is about a quarter of n
mile above the mouth of Pennypack Creek. The city built a disposal plant here
to care for the sewage tributary to this stream, the works being put into operation
on December 18th, 1912. A little less than a million gallons daily are treated and
the works include Imhoff tanks, sprinkling filters, and sterilizing apparatus. The
plant operated until about July 1913, when by an accident it was put out of com-
miflsion for practically two months, resuming operation about the first of September
and being shut down for a week the latter part of September after which time it
was again put into commission and operated for the balance of the year. While
the plant was shut down an attempt was made to treat the sewage at the sewer out-
let with a disinfectant.
66—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1042
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
A large amount of sewage passes the intake on every flood tide. In the following
table is given the bacterial count of the raw river water and the water in the filtered
basin fot the years 1907 to 1912 inclusive. For 1907 the reports are for the last six
months of the year. The preliminary filters were in service early in 1909.
BACTERIAL COUNTS AT TORRESDALB.
Year.
1907,
1906,
1909.
1910.
1911,
1912.
Delaware River.
Max.
Min.
Ave.
270,000
600
17.000
80.000
660
6,600
iao.000
400
9,100
60,000
490
7.000
61.000
700
7.600
120,000
720
11,100
Filtered Water Baain.
Max.
Min.
Ave.
5.«0
12
4M
2.800
22
IM
2.O0O
7
IM
400
2
44
480
2
8»
2.100
1
44
A careful study of the records, before 1913, of river stages, turbidity, rainfall,
temperature, and of the bacterial data as related to the Torresdale plant has been
made. These records were obtained from the United States Weather Bureau Station
at Philadelphia and from the office of the city Water Bureau. The river stage is
measured at Trenton beyond the influence of tidal action and represents the yield
of a watershed of about 8.600 square miles. The figures are the height of the river
above extreme low water. These various data have been tabulated for each month
in 1913, from January to October inclusive, and deductions made as to the influence
of these various factors on the quality of the water produced at the Torresdale plant.
The following table is shown as one that is more or less typical .
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1043
I
PQ
u
«
S
d
+ 1 l + l l + l I++I 1 + 1 I I I I I I l + I I I 1 I I I
I I I I I I I i I I I M I I I M M I i + M M I i I
I
ec»c»eoooooeooeooooo«oooeeoooeoo
<»MM'4ie9oONMM«M«O<0Me<)M<«««iMM I <« fiO O M <4i •« 40 r-l N
5
s
I
?SSSSSSSs{S?2S$S)eigSSSS$^8S^SSSSSS386
I
<
>
Q
m
O
«
5
5
$6 $8^ tl)S SfigiS?^ Sg
see e
^
(4
Q
5^
I
§i§g§§§§§§§§s§§i§§§§i§§i§§§§§i
§§§
-fa"-
asssss9aasss9»s»as8S3S3Ssia«s;s»:s;!;
a«s
m M M M N M M eft (fi ^ CQ eO 93 e4 M N M e4 CO N N CO ^ lA >« M » lO ^ 09
Digitized by
Google
1014
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The turbidities are expressed in parts to the million determined by the silica
standard. The maximum, minimum, and average turbidities for the raw river
water and the filtered water are given in the table following for the years 1907 to
1912 inclusive, the averages for 1907 being for the last six months of the year.
The preliminary filters were started in 1909.
Turbidities .
Raw Delaware River.
Year.
Max.
Min.
1907 1 190
1908 I 720'
1909. I W>|
1910, 1 60 I
1911. 97
1912, j 1,060
Ave.
6
10
5-
2|
Filtered Water Basin.
Min.
10
18
24
8
3 i
SI
O.06
0
0
0
0
0
Are.
2.9
8.1
0.81
0.22
0.07
l.U
During the months when the turbidity is least there is considerable difficulty en-
counter^ in keeping the sand beds open. Micro-organisms, commonly the diatoms
and green algae, cause the beds to go out of service rapidly. In addition the water
contains considerable amorphous matter appearing in hard pasty form on the sand
surface. During May and June of 1913 when the turbidity of the river was low,
considerable difficulty was experienced in keeping the filters open. In spite of this,
no B. Coli were found in the samples of the filtered water basin water analyzed in
May or June.
The times when turbidity and B. Coli were present during 1913 in samples drawn
from the Torresdale filtered water basin appear in the following tabular statement:
Filtered Water Basin.
B. Coll.
• i
B.
CJoll.
Date.
Turbidity.
Date.
I
Turbidity.
;
1 c.
C.
IOC. C.
IC. C.
10 c. c.
January
l'
+
July
1
-f
2'
+
-t-
+
9
-h
+
August
^,
--
4 1
+
22'
6 1
+
23
-f
+
September 1
1
+
4
29
+
10
March
+
+
-t-
+
11
14
23
+
+
+
October
5,
+
1
23
+
^1
--
28
-f
16 !
.-
24
+
20
-h
30
+
81
+
1
April
1 1
2;
IS ,
19
+
+
X
1
1
May
ao!
t
I
1
The filter units taken alone quite frequently yield an effluent, which upon analysis,
shows the presence of B. Coli. These several ettluents are converged and delivered
to the filtered water basin at one point, where, just before the water enters th«*
basin, it is necessary to apply a disinfectant in order to keep the total bacterial
count down and secure a water free from B. Coli. It is believed that the process is
efficiently maintained, but that the analyses are indicative of results continuously
secured is doubtful. At each of the sixty-five sand filters three samples of the
eftluent are collected daily for analysis to form a basis of operation of the unit.
There was a storm the first week in January 1913, that raised the river ^taife,
increased the turbidity and bacteria of the river water, and was accompanied by
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1045
an increase in total bacterial count and the appearance of slightly turbid water in
the filtered water basin. On four separate days B. Coli were present in the filtered
water. The next storm of any consequence occurred the middle of the month seem-
ingly without having any effect on ^the quality of the filtered water. In the last
third of the month another storm occurred, but no turbidity was noted in the
filtered water and on one day B. Coli were present in ten cubic centimeters of the
filtered water.
The rainfalls in February appeared to exercise little influence, if, any, upon the
stage of the river or the turbidity of the water except at the very last of the month
when the river stage was raised, this being accompanied by an increase in the
turbidity and bacteria in the river water. No turbidity or B. Coli were present in
the filtered water taken from the filtered water basin during this month.
The influence of the rains in the latter part of February extended into the first
few days of March when there were an increased total bacterial count and turbid
water in the filtered water basin, and on March 4th B. Coli were present in one
cubic centimeter of a sample of water collected from this basin.
There was a storm on the 10th of March followed by a very warm rain on the
14th and 15th which raised the stage of the river, brought down turbid water and
increased the bacteria in the river. On the 20th of March there was heavy preci-
pitation followed by several days of warm weather and rain fell on the 26th and 27th
resulting in a freshet and the highest stage of the river for the year. Corresponding
to these warm rains and thaws and the freshet there appeared an increase in the
bacteria in the filtered water basin accompanied by appearance of turbidity on
March 22nd and 23rd and again on March 30th and 31st.
There was a storm on the 5th of April followed by more turbid river water and
a higher bacterial count, but the river stage was not raised until April 12th. On
April 11th and r2th heavy precipitation occurred and on the 13th the river had risen
2.7 feet, the turbidity was marked and also the bacterial content of the river water.
The storm of April 15th and 16th again raised the bacterial count and turbidity of
the river water but it did not incerase the stage of the river. This storm, however,
was accompanied by a large increase in the bacteria found in samples of the filtered
water basin, and on April 18th and 19th the filtered water basin was slightly turbid.
In April there was rainfall on fifteen days followed by higher turbidity and bacterial
count. On five days the water in the filtered basin was slightly turbid. The effect
of the various rains was also seen in this water in a higher total bacterial count.
Notwithstanding the various fluctuations of the river during this month no B. Coli
were present in the samples of water taken from the filtered water basin.
On the first day of May only was there any turbidity in the filtered water basin
as indicated by the samples and at no time during the month were B. Coli present
in the samples. There was a storm on the 16th and 17th which apparently exercised
little or no influence on either the stage of the river or the quality of the water, but
on May 21st to the 24th inclusive there was a storm which raised the river and also
increased the turbidity and' bacterial count. Again on May 28th there was heavy
precipitation, apparently of local influence, the river showing no corresponding
manifestation. None of the monthly disturbances and changes in the river water
was reflected in the filtered water basin during May.
In June the only rainfall of any account occurred on the 20th, but this did not
aflFert the river sta^^e, but it may have increased the turbidity and bacterial count.
During this month turbidity and B. Coli were present in the samples collected from
the filtered water basin.
On July 5th there was a local rain followed by an increase in turbidity and
total bacterial count. From then on to July 24th there were slight rains on four
different occasions apparently without any particular effect on the river. On July
24th there was a big rain followed by a higher stage in the river, but no substantial
increase in the turbidity, although the bacterial count increased considerably two
days later. The next rain of any consequence occurred on the 29th, but apparently
did not exercise any influence on the river water at Torresdale. There was no
turbidity in the samples collected in the filtered water basin during this month and
all through the month there was a low total bacterial count. On two occasions,
the 1st and 9th, B. Coli appeared in ten cubic centimeters of water collected from
the filtered water basin but otherwise were absent throughout the month.
In August on eleven days precipitation occurred, but only after the rainfall of
August 1st was the river stage affected. The turbidity also increased after this
Btorm. The total bacterial count was highest in the early part of the month and
apparently was influenced by some of the rains occurring at that time. In the
filtered water basin, however, the total bacterial count was highest during the middle
of the month, and on August 21st, 22nd and 23rd respectively with a low river stage
and a low total bacterial count in the filter water B. Coli were present in ten
cubic centimeters of water collected from the filtered water basin. Only on these
three days were there B. Coli found in this basin. Not once during the month
was turbidity present in the filtered w^ater basin.
For the month of September the river stage remained very low and was not af-
fected by the precipitation but the turbidities went up on September 7th when there
was a storm and again on the 19th following a heavy downpour on the 18th, and
also on the 22nd following a precipitation of 1.74 inches on the 21st. On the 23rd
of September B. Coli were present, in one C. C. and ten C. C, in samples col-
Digitized by
Google
1046
KIGHTM ANNUAL 1HOI>OKT OF THE
Off. Doc.
lected from the filtered water basin. On September lat, 4th, 7th, 10th, 11th and
14th B. Coli were present in ten C C. of water collected from the filtered water
basin.
There was a big storm the first of October followed by a higher stage of the river,
high turbidity and bacteria in the river and an increase of total bacteria in the
filtered water basin. On October 5th B. Coli were present in the filtered water
basin in one C. C, but not for the rest of the month, although the samples on the
9th, 15th and 20th showed B. Coli present in ten C. C. A big rain occurred on
October 12th, 24th and 25th respectively. Following each the river rose, as did the
turbidity and bacteria, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the total count
in the filtered water basin . Not once during the month did the filtered water appear
turbid .
The consumption of water in the Torresdale Water District severely taxes the
capacity of the filters at times to yiMd a sufficient quantity of pure water. If the
preliminary treatment of the water were more perfect, the liability of over-taxinj,
the sand filters would be reduced. Either more sand filters must be provided or
the pre-treatment of the water perfected or the water district limited to a consump-
tion not greater than that of the present time. Perhaps temporarily this consump-
tion can be reduced by the installation of meters and the prevention of waste.
However, the growth of the city must be taken into account, and this will soon over-
balance any saving in consumption and makes imperative extensions and improve-
ments at the Torresdale filtration works.
In the following table is shown in million gallons the quantity of water filtered each
day at Torresdale during the year 1913 up to November 1st, the table next following
showing the average per capita consumption of water in the Torresdale District.
Lardner's Pumping Station draws on the filtered water basin about one foot each
day more than is filtered except on Sunday when the basin is filled, so that the
Sunday consumption in the table is twelve million gallons or more less and during
week days it is two million gallons or so more than the figures given.
Million Gallons Of Water Filtered Daily At Torresdale E'or 1913, January To
October, Inclusive. (Daily records midnight to midnight.)
Day of
Month.
f
i
a
1
si '.'.'.....'.'.
4
5,
«,
7
8
9 I
10 I
11
12
13,
14
15, I
16
17
18 I
19
20
21
22,
23
24
Z>
26
71 '
28,
29
30
31
Ayerage, .
Maxiniam, 1
Mlnlmnm, .
179
179
185
•160
191
167
195
180
•191
186
180
189
i8r>
193
186
197
192
•171
1S5
190
ISO
195
•176
198
175
200
188
201
1S8
193
184
•176
184
19&
182
201
♦174
197
168
192
181
187
183
181
182
•187
183
203
177
204
175 '
184
183
180
179
201 I
196
198
•181
200,
199 '
206
ao2
209
209 I
•i9r
a»i
202 '
198
187
186
aw ,
•200
193;
195 I
193 '
187 1
194
194:
•172
175 1
1»
178
178
181
174,
•178 I
189
198 I
194 I
184 '
182 ,
183
•178!
177
179
182
186 I
18S
181 I
•168
173
183
191
187
187
186 I
•174
180
185
181 '
176
186
190
♦183
187 '
187
185
184 ,
190
194
•182
189
193,
197 :
196
197
194
•175
185
196
197
197
188
184
•166 '
180
188 I
189 I
1S7 ■
186
1S3
♦174
184
190
187
184
183
175
•170
184
186
188
184 1
181
177
•177
187
192
192
194
191
196
•196
188
197
200
306
198
193
•189
aoo
196
199
19S
196
194
•190
196 I
I
2H>!
290
206
ao8
197 I
•190
193'
193
195
198 '
197 '
189
•181
197
198
191
195
198 ;
2D8I
•194
203
199
203
203
197
189
•188
am
»4
2U8
206 ;
204|
2001
•191
204 '
201 '
204
206
2001
196
•194 I
202 I
206,
206
206
207
aoo
•194
198
199
I I
199 I
197
190
•190
201
200
201
199
193
191
•193
193
m
200
2»1
200 I
198
•194 I
208
208 I
208
197
197
•197 ,
208,
199
aool
196
198
194
•184,
20O
196
208 -
ani
197:
179
•189
194
194
194
1»
188
1»
•188
196
198
806
801
187
191
n88
198
190
W
186
US
189
•181
184
19S
IftS
196
ISS
188
•188
18S
186
188
188
183
183
190
191
183'
188
188
198
199
197
196
195
204
2091
19*
197
206
209
206
208
806
i«l
IGO
172 1
I
X«j
166
170
181,
190
179
180
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX)MMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1047
Daily Averages By Months Of Million Gallons Filtered At Torresdale And Corres-
ponding Per Capita Consumption. (1,098.000 population in district).
Montfc.
Mil. Gals,
dally.
Per Capita.
Month.
MU. 6aU.
dally.
Per OapiU.
Jftnoftry,
188
190
ler
178
June,
188
172
February
July
196 180
March
1»1
Iffi
IS
174
167
178
199
197
196
181
Aoril
Se^mW""".'.*.!!".'.".
18D
Max. ..:::::::::::::::
October .*.
178
In the foregoing table the figures starred show the Sunday outputs at the Torres-
dale filters. The Sunday consumption in the district is about twelve million gallons
less than on week days. The filters are manipulated to follow the daily consump-
tion, so Sunday should be the day of least filtered water output, but owing to the
filling up of the depleted filtered water basid, this is not always so; still, Sunday
is always the day of least consumption. Thursdays. Wednesdays and Tuesdays have
been the days of greatest yield during the period of forty-three weeks from January
to October inclusive, 1913. Thursday has had the highest yield for eleven weeks,
Wednesday for ten weeks and Tuesday for eight weeks, which makes a total of
twenty-nine weeks or over two-thirds of the time that the middle week period uses
the most water. On five times Monday has been supplied with the maximum yield
for the week, Friday on six times and Saturday on three times.
Agitation for the installation of meters to prevent water waste and cut down the
consumption has recently impressed the citizens more favorably. However, it is
doubtful if for any long period the per capita consumption can be maintained much
below 150 gallons. For safety this figure should be used. The installation of meters
for a million people is a big undertaking. Besides, the reading of the meters and
their care involves much work and a large force of men. If by installing meters a
maximum saving of not over thirty million gallons a day is to be effected, it becomes
a pertinent question whether it be not a better policy to enlarge and improve the
filters. The interest of public health would seem to dictate this.
The months of worst river water, and hence most trouble at the filter plant, are
February and March. During the year 1913, January to October inclusive, B. Coll
were present in one C. C. the filtered water on January 2nd, March 4th, September
23rd, and October 5th.
WhUe the analyses did not reveal B . Coli in one C . C . during other months of the
year 1913. at the filtered water basin, there were periods of turbidity of that water
when B. Coll miji^ht have been discovered had more representative samples been col-
lected. The periods of turbidity were from January 1st lo 6th, inclusive, March
3rd to 6th inclusive, March 22nd and 23rd. and from March 30th to April 2nd, in-
clusive. Again on April 18th and 19th. and on April 30th and May 1st.
These periods of turbidity and those occurring on or about September 23rd and
October 6th may be considered the danger period from water infection due to im-
perfectly filtered water ot the Torresdale Plant, provided such danger periods did
actually exist. It is clear that two little samples each twenty-four hours out of
two hundred million gallons of filtered water are not representative.
There is lack of evidence with which to sustain an opinion that filtered Torresdale
water has been capable, as delivered to the tunnel at the outlet end of the filtered
water basin, of causing the typhoid outbreak in Philadelphia this season, but this
water might cause such an outbreak for the reasons already stated. It can only be
concluded from circumstantial evidence that the water has been reasonably free
from contamination. The interests of the public health demand that the disin-
fection treatment be continued under most careful management and that more
samples (preferably a composite sample made up of collections taken every hour out
of the twenty-four) be analyzed daily.
It is advisable at this point to define the district served from the Torresdale Plant.
Generally speaking, it comprises that part of the city lying east of Broad Street
and north of Vine Street, together with nn irregularly shaped section of the city
extending west of Broad Street to Twenty-seventh Street from Vine Street north
to Lehigh Avenue, as well as all of the city territory lying between the two rivers
from Vine Street south to and including the league Island Navy Yard From a
standpoint of distribution this territory has h^en divided into several sub-districts.
Thus in the northern and northeastern part of the city are found the Wentz Farm
high and low service districts, south of which covering the rest of the Torresdale
distribution territory are the main Torresdale district and a high service district
known as the Oak T^ne, this latter being the irregularly shaped tract, lying west
of Broad Street between Vine Street and Lehigh Avenue, just referred to.
By communities these various sub-districts are further split-up as will appear
later in the report. Because of the close association between the typhoid fever out-
break and the public water supply, the discussion of the epidemic as set forth in
Digitized by
Google
1(M8 EIGHTH ANNUAL RFPORT OF THT] Off. Doc
this report has been confined to the various water districts of the city and broadly
is divided into the Delaware River supply district and the Schuylkill River supply
district. The Torresdale or Delaware River supply will first be taken up and fol-
lowed by a discussion of the various features of the epidemic as relates to the
Schuylkill River supply. At times there is some interchange of water between the
two districts.
TORRESDALE FILTERED WATER IN THE DISTRIBUTING SYSTEM.
The sub-districts in the Torresdale system are as follows, g:iven in order of loca-
tion from north to south:
Wentz Farm — High Service.
Wentz Farm— Low Service— Including Frankford.
Oak Lane— High Service.
Main Torresdale — Kensington.
Main Torresdale— Central and South Philadelphia.
WENTZ FARM AND LOW SERVK^E DISTRICTS.
The Wentz farm reservoir high service district comprises a part of the 35th Ward
and the 42nd Ward. The population of the entire 35th Ward is 10,000 and of the
entire 42nd Ward is 24,000. The 35th Ward is the largest one in extent in the City,
comprising most of the land in the northeastern section of Philadelphia and extends
from Tacony Creek, a tributary of Frankford Creek, to the City line. The southern
half of this area is supplied with city water, the larger portion being in the Wentx
Farm reservoir Ix>w Service District, and the smaller part being in the High
Service. This High Service District is a strip of land bordering Montgomery County
and including some of the 42nd Ward south of Tacony Creek. In this High Service
District of the 35th Ward, 6,000 persons reside, and in the said district of the 42Dd
Ward, 3,400 persons reside, making a total of 9,400 in the High Service District.
Into this district and the one next adjoining, namely, the Wentz farm low service
district, the Torresdale water first comes by way of the Lardner's Point pumping
station. There is a# distributing basin known as the Wentz Farm reservoir with an
effective capacity of 32,0(X).000 gallons. Part of the territory is supplied from this
basin. Also at the reservoir there is a pumping station and intake connected to
the force main from the Lardner*8 Point Station through which water is raised in h
standpipe supplying the various communities lying in the high service district.
Among others are the villages of McCartersville and Cresoeiitville in the 42nd Ward
and Fox Chase. Verreville, and Bustleton all in the .35th Ward. About two million
gallons of water daily are consumed.
The Wentz Farm low service district makes up a comparatively large territory
comprising parts of wards 35. 41, 42, 43. and 33, and all of ward 23. The district
has a resident population of about 78,000 and includes the well known residential
district called Frankford as well as numerous other settlements among which may
be mentioned Wissinoning, Olney, Feltonville, Franklinville, Cooperville, and Har-
rowgate. Directly up-stream from the low service district immediately above Wis-
sinoning, lies Tat^ony, above which are Holmesburg, CollegeviUe, and Mt. Pleasant.
All of these communities are below the Torresdale filter plant, but do not receive
the city water supply, the public supplies being furnished through private cor-
porations.
In the beginning of 1911, about the time filtered water was turned on to th#»
greater part of the present Torresdale District, although the southern portion was
still receiving Schuylkill water treated with hypo-chlorite of lime at the Queen Lane
reservoir, the City Water Bureau established eight regular water sampling stations
located as shown in tho following table. In 1913 the city established in addition
numerous special sampling stations
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
l(Md
I
o
O
;?
<
«
I
S
£
1 1
s •
el 1 1 1
t; « n te «
sg g i g
E^M Ui bd M
I
; :l ^»
Hill
I SI I i f f
r S V 3 S o 0
^ EcUJ M bd Ui O
•non
-»JS JO »q
.ana ^aMaj,!
S EJ S
a ;5 ^ 8
oooooooo
2 ^^ ^ ^ jz: ;z: ^
a t*
I-
n
'I
•Si
to.*-*
li
;-^
i^
a'S
as
1*.-
5 8*
•-< o •<
r* to ^
^.2.2
Is-
bcBS
•S S«M
S o fl
Sn.2
Digitized by
Google
1050
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
4)
III -•
ai rt Q O
;5
0) 0 Q
S5S
«8o
;5
c
H
Hi s
m
fl ?1 ^
»4 es a>
* § 5
a > *
25 •
gT3 .
§61
OQ
fa
C
QQ
W
c
I
p
m
»a««saj3S;5s
§
1
1
§a§8ssss!!se
^
-<
5,^^««.r-jggj.g
^1
^tt£
d
d
5
I
3
i
>« T-l N 00 lO a r1 M M t-l iH «•
3
^ggSS3asg«!SS91B
S8ess9js«-**as
§
WOMWMetOlO
^"••^ssa-
Sg5l9l5ag8g8g5
^aS9M;3S?9KS
-5L
•ij cB a c <s o
••^«k< a o § » " ^a
2*1 O 08 « S BO
l5^
frt ID
2^1- M slid
^B ••C'0 55'2
o^Sa .-as
>sg='
■^ «8 « > * 2: c
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1051
55
O
H
I
QQ
O
:^
GO
Q
<
o
OS
Ex
Q
QQ
o
o
a
o
I
a
n
d
o
5 §
coOM IteiA<d<0WM |eqrHM*-it-«-« •<«eqrHecoe9 .nnmio | <«•
a
d
d
d
5 §
e 6
Nooej«Doo I-*«^«e
'<•'<• :«g«»wjg^ |oot-"<»w*'* |i6"*fc- •
u
d
d
d
d
; :
: • ^
a
OQ
. • .
: :
: i
::::::::::
• I I
: : :
5 §
iSSyg*" i*-"***" :-.*»~ |u Iggi-^g- -^
S
s
d
d
H a
• M ^ OO -^ M iq j*-* I CQCQiO |N«e«^"* | 04 OJ »-l •« t- j^
3
d
:++:
:++:
d
5 §
e a
|oMt~ |2$enbo'4<cee | «*> «o r-» w ^ «e |r4^«e'4>^(o :*''*8*S
I
'^*'*»''"»«'»"»*ssS2S5Ss?s?5SE3S^R?;««te«a8a
Digitized by
Google
1052
EIGHTH ANNITAL REPORT OF THE
Oif. Doc
s^
O
M
O
o
a?
y a
5 §
I
I
i:
I
73
d
d
3 1
e 6
6
d
o
d
+ : :
++:
asaa la^sas* :a*saa« ;;h«*««m :«»••;)
:+++:+++ :-H
:+++: : :+::
I MiA«'««^ I •«'«OONej<« .•<iA«6Me«M
: : :+ : :+H
o
6
5 §
S 6
MiO -eie^MM^N -MiaMM
»?;
:+ :
: :+
«^8S«S
+ : : :
'♦*3"* I ^
••ss^
o
O
92
73
i
d
d
^
m<e«ee«ee<e •la^oM^'v
«e w «i r> « «D
; * *
i.r«v««»v-«*o;5eirfVj2*r£«5^-j5g-j;j,^^^^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1053
Thus the B. Coli appeared three times during the year in one cubic centimeter and
thirty-three time in ten cubic centimeters.
If B. Coli are present in ten cubic centimeters it may be argued that the water is
not safe. The query is whether the typhoid organism pass where B. Coli pass. If
so then typhoid infection may to some extent be in the water containing B. Coli
in ten cubic centimeters. During the month of September, 1913, twelve out of
twenty-five samples showed B. Coli in ten cubic centimeters. On September 23rd
at the filtered water basin at Torresdale B. Coli were present in one and in ten cubic
centimeters, and on the following day they were present in one and in ten cubic
centimeters at Lardner's pumping station. At the filtered water basin from Sep-
tember 4th to 14th inclusive there were five days when B. Coli were present in tea
cubic centimeters. For the same period, and adding September 15th, B. Coli in ten
cubic centimeters were present at Lardner's pumping station on eight days. The
application of hypochlorite of lime at Torresdale is the agency that keeps the B.
Coli down. The methods of application cannot be relied upon for absolute results.
The tH>nclusion is that for public safety the filters should be made more efficient. It
should not be stated that Torresdale water is absolutely pure. It is reasonable safe
for all purposes except drinking. For absolute safety the people who drink this
water should resort to the boiling of it until extensions and improvements to the filter
plant shall have been made.
In the months of September and October heavy precipitation occurred . The filters
were rapidly clogged at Torresdale necessitating more frequent cleaning. The Dela-
ware brings down a lot of fibrous material that is difficult to handle at the plant.
In consequence B. Coli appeared in the filtrate at Torresdale and at Jjardner's
Point. The dose of hypochlorite of lime was increased at the filtered water basin,
lardner's Point pumping station water is supposed to be represented at Sampling
Station No. 1. The State Health Department made its own collection and analyses
of water at this station and found that out of twenty samples collected in October two
contained B. Coli in one cubic centimeter, the actual counts being made and one
being present in each of these two samples. The other eighteen samples showed a
pure water by this standard. The results of such analyses are shown in the follow-
ing table:
BBSTJLTS OP STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES OF ITILTBRED
WATEIl COLLECTED AT SAMPLING STATION NUMBElf 1 AT 5900 TORRESDALE AVENUE
—CORNER HOWELL STREET.
Oc toller.
1
Bacteria per Cubic Centimeter.
1913.
Total.
Pink Colonies.
B. Coll.
10
60
11
80
1
San. 12
10
13
24
0
14
15
60
16
1 100
17
45
18
50
San. 19
100
20
30
21
18
22
10
23
18
24
23
25
6
0
Sun. 26
27
20
0
28
19
0
29
16
0
30
28
0
31
24
0
Digitized by
Google
1054
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
In the immediate vicinity of Station No. 1 during the first part of the year two
special stations for testing filtered water were established by the city in the 41st
Ward within a block or so of Station No. 1. They are numbered Stations Nos. 9
and 10 respectively.
Station. No. 9 was at 3521 Benner Street. It was started January 2nd and dis-
continued February 15th, thirty-eight samples being collected on thirty-eight days.
No B. Coli in one or ten cubic centimeters present. In the following table the re-
sults are given:
RESULTS OP ANALYSES OP TOBRESDALE WATER— CITY SPECIAL SAMPLING STATION
NO. 9.— 3B2I BENNER STREET. WATER TAKEN OFF 48 INCH MAIN FROM LARDNER'S
PUMPING STATION. STARTED JANUARY 2, 1W3.
TotAl
B. OoU.
Total
B.
OoU.
f
Jan.
Bacteria.
Feb.
Bacteria
1
10. C.
10 0. c.
1 C. C.
10 0. c.
1
1
6
j
2
280
—
—
Sun. 2
1
3
1
—
—
3
10
—
1 *"*
4
80
_
~-
4
10
~~
Son. 6
5
11
—
6
11
—
—
6
—
7
6
—
_
7
10
«_
8
6
—
~.
8
_
_
9
8
—
_
Sun. 9
10
120
—
—
10
3
—
_
11
140
—
—
11
! 4
_
Sun. 12
12
—
__
IS
8
—
—
13
10
—
14
2
_—
14
4
_
__
15
4
—
-_
15
1 14
_
16
8
—
_
1
17
2
—
—
18
9
1
1
SuD. 19
1
'
20
52
—
1
21
20
—
.^
1
22
32
^
23
40
—
_
j
24
16
—
1
1
25
37
1
,
Sun. 26
1
1
27
6
—
_
1
28
1 110
_
__
1
1
29
; 24
^
__
30
15
—
__
31
10
~~
"~
I
1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1055
Station No. 10 was at Torresdale Avenue and Higbee Street, being started on
February 17th and discontinued April 5th. Out of forty samples none contained B.
Coli in one cubic centimeter. One sample contained B. Coli in ten cubic centi-
meters. The results are given in the following table:
BBSULTS OP ANALYSES OP TORRESDALE WATER— CITY SPECIAL SAMPLING STATION
NO. lO.-TORRSSDALB AVENUE AND HIGBEE STBTEET. WATER TAKEN OPF 48 INCH
MAIN PROM LARDNER'S POINT PUMPING STATION. STARTED FEBRUARY 17, 1913.
Total
B. Coli.
Total
B. Coll.
B. GoU.
1
Feb.
Bae.
Mar.
Bac.
Total
ICC.
10 O.C.
lO.C.
10 c.c.
Apr.
Bac.
ICO.
10 O.C.
1
1
4
_
17
2
2
12
...
—
3
8
U
—
—
9
__
__
4
4
8
__
—
7
__
6
5
9
_
*—
16
_
__
6
6
120
—
+
7
7
8
— '
8
8
10
—
—
»
9
10
10
7
— .
—
11
11
8
—
—
12
12
2
—
—
IS
18
2
—
— .
14
14
7
._
—
15
15
7
^
—
16
16
17
—
17
3
—
—
18
—
—
18
7
—
—
19
—
—
19
17
—
—
20
—
—
20
IP
—
—
n
—
—
21
22
22
29
—
—
m
—
. —
28
24
_
_
24
17
—
~.
25
_
—
25
10
— .
—
2«
—
—
26
8
— .
—
21
—
...
27
6
_—
—
28
28
29
30
31
7
U
4
—
~~
n?
Digitized by
Google
1056
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Comly Street extends perpendicularly back from the Delaware River through the
centre of Wissinoming between Howell and Benner Streets. On Comly Street three
testing stations were established by the City Water Bureau the first of October but
were abandoned because the water collected here upon analysis was found to be the
same as at Station No. 1. The results are given in the following table:
RESULTS or ANALYSES OF TORKESDALB WATER FROM CITY SPECIAL SAMPLING
STATIONS ON COMLY STREET.
Comly St. & DeUware
Ave.
Comly St. & State Rd.
Comly A Jackson Sta.
Bftcteria.
Bacteria.
Bacteria.
Date.
TotaL
B. Ooli.
Total.
B. Coll.
TOtel.
B. Coll.
IC.C.
10 O.C.
1 C. C.
10 c. c.
1 0. 0.
10 0. C.
Oct. a
Oct. 6
Oct. 8
61
7
17
-
+
13
«
10
-
+
U
18
"
-
Summarizing briefly: — Out of 535 samples of the Torresdale water collected In 1913
at the several testing stations and the Lardner's Point pumping station » all being in
the district in the 41st Ward known as Wissinoming, five only of the samples showed
the presence of B. Coli in one cubic centimeter. This is taken by the analysts of the
City Board of Health and of the City Water Bureau to indicate a good and safe
water. Considering that the total counts are low and that no cases of typhoid fever
have occurred in this district in 1913 (the two cases in the 41st Ward being outside of
this territory and remote) it would appear that the city water has not been the means
of transmitting typhoid in this district.
Total count determinations have been made at City Sampling Station No. 2. —
Main and Foulkrod Streets— Frankford Centre— for the last three years. Many of
the water pipes in Frankford and Wissinoming are old. The district was first sup-
plied with public water in 1877 when the Frankford pumping station and Wentx
Farm reservoir were completed. Wissinoming now receives water direct fi'om
Lardner's Point pumping station and Frankford gets Wentz Farm reservoir water.
B. Coli determinations have also been made at Station No. 2. The results are
shown in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
Nb. 14.
COMMISSIONER 0¥ HEALTH.
ia57
i
o
O
;z;
M
1-3
m
H
<
Q
O
m
c
s
D
»
3
•"-—gaaaaa .- .•
8
s
OOOr.Or.Or.^^ j j
§
1-1
: i
a'^«8S3SaSS~S : I
H
88
80
220
220
ISO
7,800
220
1,500
220
270
ssssssagsigjgjB
•noo 'a joj
3
a^
3
8
s
§
1
S5«>Sl9«SS8Sa88
S8iS8§sii§§s
sg|2S3s;;§ss3S$
•noo -a joj
3
«»««oo9««a»r— t-
s
8
1
"s?3S9a:sas8Sgs'*
1
100
180
40
42
32
2.000
650
440
290
200
175
63
1
s8saagsgg2Bs
iiMliiiii
87— 14r-1916
Digitized by
Google
1058
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The total counts at this station run consistently hieher than at Station No. 1.
The samples are collected off the twenty inch main leading from Wentz Farm reser-
voir which is an open basin, earth embankment, sides and bottom lined with brick
supporting some water grass growth. There is said to be about three feet of sedi-
ment. The reservoir holds about thirty-eight million gallons when full but its usual
capacity is 32,000,000 gallons. The city does not collect samples regularly from this
basin. The results of the Department's analyses are given in the foUoyring table:
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF WENTZ FARM RESERVOIR WATEB
— 191S.
Bacterlft per c. c.
Date of Collection.
Total.
Pink Ck>lonIe8.
B. OoU.
Oct. 26
160
27
48
28
850
29
800
SO
180
SI
100
On June 9th, 1911, the Wentz Farm reservoir was treated with copper sulphate
to destroy algae. There is a large group of spore forming and resistive water
bacteria in the Wentz Farm reservoir water that are at once nourished by the dead
algae. They multiply enormously and they made their appearance at Station No. 2
in 1911 in the samples collected June 12th and 14th and 16tn respectively.
This phenomenon was manifest again on June 2nd, 1913, the day following an
application of copper sulphate at the Wentz Farm reservoir. The total counts at
Station No. 2. were as follows:
June 2nd Total Bacteria 7,300 and no B. Coli.
June 4th Total Bacteria 2.500 and no B. Coli.
June 6th, Total Bacteria 1,500 and no B. Coli.
The water was good at points above. At Station No. 1, at Lardner's pumping
station, and at the Torresdale filtered water basin there were no B. Coli present on
June 2nd nor in any samples collected daily for ten days before or after June 2nd, and
for this period of twenty-one days the total count at these places did not exceed ten.
The State Department of Health collected samples at two stations at Frankford
One was at the Arrot Street Railroad Station in the northwestern part of Frankford
and the other was in the eastern section near the main line of the Pennsylvania
Railroad. Out of nineteen samples from the former station only one showed B.
Coli present, and out of twenty samples at the latter place, not one showed B. Coli.
Station No. 2. lies between these two State stations. For October the results are
comparable for all three.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH
ANALYSES
OF
SAMPLES OF
FILTERED WATER
COLLECTED AT ARROT
STREET,
PHILADELPHIA
& READING
RAILWAY STATION.
FRANKFX>RD,
1913.
Bacteria per 0. C.
October
Total
Pink Colonies
B.
Coll.
40
0
29
1
0
40
0
100
0
80
0
20
0
18
40
1
0
19
30
1
0
»
40
0
21
60
1
0
22
48
0
28
27
1
0
24
10
0
2S
24
0
27
19
0
28
80
1
1
29
28
0
80
41
0
81
86
0
Digitized by V
jC
)OQle
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1053
Arrot Street Station is about half a mile west of City Sampling Station No. 2.
It will be noted that at City Station No. 2, for the year 1913, out of 106 samples in
one only were B. Coli present, this happening on the 11th day of August, and five
times during the year, up to November 1st, B. Coli were found in ten cubic centi-
meters. The difference in the two waters is marked in the total count. Arrot
Street is in a newly developed neighborhood.
STATB DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT STATE
BOAD AND MAieOARET STREET— TWENTY-THIKD WARD-OLD FRANKFORD DISTRICT
—IMS.
Bacterift per C. C.
October.
I '
ToUL
Piofe CalOQi«8.
B. Coll.
10
60
11
10
12
2S
IS
17
14
16
is
16
100
17
80
IS
36
19
9
20
20
21
9
22
10
23
4
24
6
25
12
26
27
n
28
42
2»
24
ao
12
SI
20
There is little to choose between the waters of these two State testing stations
About three-quarters of a mile southwest of the above station, where the main
line of the Pennsylvania Railroad crosses Frankford Creek, the City Water
Bureau has had a special testing station during the summer of 1913. These samples
represent water in Uie distributing pipes in the southern portion of Frankford. By
reference to the following table it will be noted that the samples collected on June
2nd, 4th and 6th respectively corresponded in high total count to those collected
on the same date at City Station No. 2. Both were Wentz Farm reservoir water.
At this special station-<No. 3— the water shows the presence of B. Coli at more
frequent intervals.
Digitized by
Google
1060
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
?3
O
o
M
H
O
;?;
O
so
1
o
o
1
n
o ;:::: 1 :+:+;:+:"•":+:: 1 :+:+::':': '
d :::::::::::::::::::
S :::::::::::::::::::
d
i ! : : : 1 •' :+::'■:•
1 : :
8 77
1 : 1 : 1 : : 1 : 1 : 1
3
: : : : jS jS :§ j il :5
a il i2 : il :S :S
1
a
i
d
d
::+:+:+::+:+::! :| jl j :| :+ : 1 : jl : ;
d
d
i -1 :+:•:!+:': i' :' il ! r' i'il i :': i
3
: :| :S :| j jS j^J : :S :8 :g j jg i© j^S i jS i •
4i
a
1
d
d
d
d
1-1
+ : : 1 :+ : 1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 : : 1 :+ .;+ : : 1 : 1 : 1 : :
1 : : I :+ : 1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 : : 1 :
a : :§^S 12 : :| :8 :S : :« :^
1 : 1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 : :
1
1 jS 1 |S j8 |« 1 1
§
►^
1
n
d
d
5
: • :
! i+ !-•-:+ !
••-•-!+::•::!•:
1 ':> i
d
d
: : 1 : 1 :+ :
> -I
:'!:•:!:'
• :' i
1 i" i : ; i§ ;^ i^ !
:a : :S : : :« :
§:S:
J
1
n
d
i 1
:+!+::' i+i+i M i :' ' i !• !+:+::'
d
d
:|
il jl : :• i+ -I : :' : :' ' : :• :+ : ' : : •
3
:| :i :i : :» jS j^ j j?? : jSS : :5 rg jS : :2
i-Tc
'W'*
'irtrot-'ao'o'
*o.-
•ejV
':5t3S
i-*i»"a»
Hd^n
'SHQ
'S83
WS
is;
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1061
By comparing the results of analyses of the samples collected at Station Nos.
1, 2, and 3, it will appear that the last two, representing Wentz Farm reservoir
water, are much inferior. Station No. 1 represents the water fresh from Lardner*s
Point pumping station and the Torresdale filter plant. By reference to the next
two tabular statements it may be seen that the average count at No. 1 is 10,
while at Stations Nos. 2 and 3 for the months comparable— June to October in-
clusive—the average count for No. 2 is 297 and for Station No. 3 it is 120. No
B. Coli in one cubic centimeter were found at Station No. 1 for the period, once
they were present at No. 2, and eight times they were found at No. 3.
COHPARISON or AVBRAOE TOTAL COUNl^ AT CITY STATIONS NOS.
FOE 1»13.
1, 2. AND 8
June.
Station No. 1,
StaUon No. 2,
Station No. S,
7
»13
278
Jnly.
Aug.
10
277
147
Sept.
Oct.
10
144 1
89
4verage.
10
297
lao
COMPARISON OP B. COLI AT CITY STATIONS NOS. 1. 2. AND 8-U18,
Number of Times Appearing.
1,
2,
3.
June.
July. j Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Total.
IOC
lOCC
ICC
lOCC
ICC
lOCC
ICC
30CC
ICC
lOCC
ICC
lOCO
0
0
8
a
1
6
0
0
1
0
0
4
!
0
0
0
2
3
1
6
0
0
1
1
0
1
8
4
4
27
A special testing station, tap in the public school, was started by the city in
October and continued for a few days at Orthodox and Penn streets. Twenty-third
Ward. The counts were high but no B. Coli were found. The results are given be-
low in tabulated form.
CITY SPBC1A.L STATION, ORTHODOX AND PBNN STREETS.
October,
Digitized by
Google
1062
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Eight State Department of Health check-up stations were scattered throughout
the Twenty-third Ward and samples collected for three days the analyses revealing
nothing not shown by other samples.
STATB DEPARTMENT Or HEALTH CHECK-UP SAMPLING STATIONS IN VARIOUS PARTS
OF TWENTY-THIRD WARD-IMS.
SUtion.
October 2.
Bacteria.
October 6.
Bacteria.
B. Coll
ToUl 1 ICC ! lOCC
A Fltler's Cordage Works
B State Road and Bridge St
C State Road and Wakeling St.. ..
D State Road and Margaret St.,
B Arrot Street Station
P Frankford Ave. and Bridge St.,
6 Walker and Bridge Sts
H Jackson and Wakeling Sts., ....
16
121
11
10 ,
Total
z ±
....l
• B. OoU
October 8.
Bacteria.
ICC
lOCO
Total
B. Coll
ICC
lOCC
15'
15 I
23.
16 ,
14 I
12
-I +
-' -h
The State Department of Health analyzed a sample fom Orthodox and Penn
streets, collected October 10th and found four B. Coli to the cubic centimeter.
Summarizing the result of the season's tests of water in the Frankford District,
it will be seen from the following table that forty-three samples were collected the
first five months and the water was good. B. Coli were absent in one cubic centi-
meter. In the next five months 197 samples were collected and the water was bad.
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF TORRBSDALE WATER STTMMARY OF 191S SAMPLES IN THB
TWENTY-THIRD WARD-FRANKFOKD DISTRICT.
Mouth.
Namber of timea B.
were present.
Colt
No. of
samplea
taken.
In ICC. In 10 C
. C.
8
7
9
»
10
0 0'
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 Oj
43 samplea
26
23
26
98
S 71
1 4
2 5
2 7
4 12
197 samples
January ,
February,
March. ..
April, ...
May
June, . . . .
July
Au^st,
September,
October, .
Total
Eight of the samples showing B. Coli in 1 C C. and twenty-seven samples
with B. Coli in 10 C. C. came from water collected at Station No. 3. (ine object
of this station was to detect any pollution from dual water service pipes at manu-
facturing establishment.s . There were three such dual services, the first being on
Frankford Creek and. the other two alons: the State road: — Barrett Manufacturing
Co., Margaret and Bermuda streots; Philadelphia Cordage Works, State Road
below Van Kirk street, and Quaker City Rubber Co., Comly and Milnor streets.
The Barrett Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of coal tar products, em-
ploys two hundred men. No sickness among the men. There was a six inch city
connection to a pump lifting raw water from Frankford creek for fire service.
The <y>nnection was severed September 4th, 1913. Now city water is used for
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. , 10©
drinking and boilers, and can be discharged into the pump well from which the
iieryice pumps raise it, there no longer being any connection other than the pump
well between the two services.
The Cordage Works employs five hundred men. River water is used for
fire and manuacturing purposes, an artesian well for drinking. There w«re two six*
inch fire connections off the city mains. On October 3rd, 1913, the company was
preparing to cut off the city supply absolutely within a day or so, and to rely
entirely upon the river water and artesian well. There is a valve and a check on
the connection. Every Friday, under test, pressure on raw water lines runs up
to one hundred pounds. At such times there might be a leakage to the city lines
There was a fire, the fire pump being in service one hour, Sunday afternoon June
Ist, 1913.
The Quaker City Rubber Company employs three hundred men; no sickness re-
ported among employees. The river water is used for factory and fire lines. A
fire pump raises this water to a tank on the roof, whence it flows by gravity
throughout the works. When the fire pump is operated it gives a pressure of one-
hundred pounds. There was a direct connection between the fire pump and the
city pipe Une, the valve on this line normally being left open, with only a check
intervening. On September 24th, 1913, the valve was shut. Probably some river
water leaked through the check into the city pipe. This would be more likely to
occur when the fire pumps were in operation, for testing or any other purpose. The
company agreed to install a large tank, in conformity with the city's order, and
bring about an absolute severance of the two systems.
There are three other dual services up Pennypack Creek that might have polluted
the water in this district: Horrocks & Brother, Dye Works, Asylum Pike and
Unity street; MacGowan & Sons, Church and Adams streets; Eastlake Manu-
facturing Co., Leiper street and Adams avenue.
Horrocks & Brother, dyers of cotton yarns and fabrics, employ forty men. None
has been ill. They have a two inch city service pipe for boilers and bleaching
room. A pond nearby was used as a source of water supply for ordinary pur-
poses. When the pond is low it is filled with city water. Direct connection existed
between raw and city pipe lines. On September 22nd the connection was severed.
McGowan & Sons employ about two hundred men, nine of whom has been ill.
There was a one inch connection between the city and creek pipes. City water was
used for boiler feed and drinking, creek water for condensing. On September 15th
the cross connection was severed. Very little if any pollution ever escaped from
this place into the city mains.
The Eastlake Manufacturing Company employs a maximum of a thousand men
No Illness among them. A ten inch suction from Frankford Creek was used to
obtain water for fire and sprinkling system. A four inch and a two inch city pipe
were cross connected to the raw water line, but these connections were severed
October 4th, the city water being delivered into an artesian well chamber.
The worst offender of all was the Ulingworth Steel Co., near Lewis and Ashland
streets, close to City Sampling Station No. 3; 150 men are employed. No sickness
among them. There was a four inch city water connection and also a six inch in-
take to a reservoir supplied with artesian well water, which is pumped to the works
when the city pressure is inadequate. There was a direct connection from the
pump discharge to the city main and the company admits pumping raw water
into the city mains on more than one occasion two years ago .
Other manufacturing plants take water from the city line running into the steel
plant. They operate during the day only, while the steel company runs twenty -four
hours a day. When the other plants are drawing water from the line the pressure
at Blingworth's is about twelve pounds . In the nifi;ht time the pressure goes up and
. i9 adequate except for fires. The evidence indicates that the valve on the city
pipe line connection to the pump force main was opened quite often, and that the
ci^" water was boosted throughout the plant. Consequently some of the reservoir
water would be likely to get into the city pipe system and show at City Sampling
Station No. 3, unless the water in the reservoir were as pure as the city filtered
water.
With respect to the dual pipe services in the district tributary to City Sampling
Station No. 3, it may be concluded that any pollution caused thereby would appear
in the city mains intermittently. The proprietors of the industries all maintain
that no contamination has occurred due to their operations. Had any general con-
tamination of the city water taken place it is believed it would have shown up
in* a suflBciently marked manner to be recognized. The evidence presented by Station
No. 3 samples is not sufficient to state decidedly that the dual connections produced
the B. Coli in the city water.
Digitized by
Google
1064 EIGHTH ANNUAL UEPOUT OF THE Off. Doc.
In 1913 in the Twenty-third Wurd, which has a population of 32,133, there have
been ten cases of typhoid fever, fourteen for the year 1912, and twenty for the
year 1911, distributed monthly as follows:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE TWENTY-THIRD WARD— PRANKFORD DISTRICT.
Month 1911 1912
January, ..
February, .
March, ...
April
May
June
July
August, . .
September,
October, . .
November.
December,
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
8
2
2
2
Totol 2D 14 10
Four of the ten cases occurring in 1913 had onsets in the first five months of the
year when the samples showed good city water, and one of these cases is question-
able as to diagnosis.
Of the six cases occurring in the next five months, one was a river bather, one
was imported, and the other three were distributed in June, August, and October.
The October case ate freely of raw lettuce from a truck farm in Richmond where
night soil is quite generally used by the farmers for fertilization.
There are in the Richmond District twenty-two licensed poudrette pits. Under a
late regulation the night soil is required to be composted and then stored for two
years. Until recently the excrement, mixed with lime, manure, and earth, was
taken out every spring and used. The new State law, regulating night soil dis-
posal, does not go into effect until January, 1914. The State Department of Health
officers visited fifty-two of the sixty poudrette pits licensed by the City Board of
Health. Evidence was seon of some direct application of fresh night soil to the
growing vegetables. In Richmond, fifteen farmers use night soil and four do not
use it. The City Health authorities would like to declare all poudrette pits a
nuisance and close them up, but at present there is no other way provided to dis-
pose of the material.
In 1912 Dr. Joseph S. Neff, for the city, presented to the State Commissioner of
Health for approval, plans for a night soil disposal plant to be located over the
Snyder avenue sewer in the Thirty-ninth Ward. The night soil was to be de-
livered to a basin containing water; dilution was to be accomplished through me-
chanical mixing and then a strong solution of chlorinated lime was to be applied
which would render the liquid discharged much less in bacterial content than the
sewage flowing in the Snyder avenue sewer. This was to be a temporary measure
only and was to be abandoned as soon as the city could close up privy vaults and
substitute therefor a sewer connection. The adoption of the plan would make
possible the abandonment immediately of all poudrette pits and remove the menace
to public health attendant on the fertilization of crops with night soil.
The plans were approved by the Commissioner of Health and returned to the
city in the form of a decree requiring that sewage should cease to be discharged into
the docks along the Delaware River and that plans for an intercepting sewer,
doing away w^ith the existing nuisance caused by sewage deposits in the docks,
should be prepared and submitted to the Commissioner of Health for approval.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1065
The water analyses at Stations Nos. 2 and 3 in the Frankford District are par-
ticularly significant with respect to the total count. The following table illustrates
this point:
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF WBNTZ FARM RESBRVOIR WATER COLLECTED AT CITY TEST-
ING STATIONS NOS. 2 AND 8-TWENTY-THIRD WARD-FRANKFORD DISTRICT— 1»U.
BtatloB No. a.
station No. 8L
Date.
ConnL
B. OolL
Date.
Count.
B. CoU.
ICC.
10 cc.
ICC.
loco.
Mar W
7,800
2^600
-
-
June 2.
June 4
1,400
1,000
600
66
66
+
+
Jnne 2,
Jane 4
t
June 6
1,600 —
June 6
June >
140
40
—
Jnne 9
Jnne 11
June 11
4-
Ang. 18
180
426
1,600
MO
166
5
2
Aug 18
98
880
87
640
«2
Ang. 20,
1:
Ajjg. 22,
Aug. 22,
Aagr S,
A 11^ 2& ...ti.t...
Aoic. 27,
Atfg 27. ....t..,-..
_
These two periods of explosive total counts followed immediately sulphate of
copper treatment of the Wentz Farm reservoir water. They illustrate how quickly
the reservoir water influences the water in the distributing pipes at Stations 2 and 3.
Wentz Farm reservoir has about five acres of open water surface. When the water
is at the nineteen foot depth line (which is the limit of use) of the reservoir 32,000,000
gallons are stored. In October, 1911, during the repair of the force main nearby,
the mud deposit was sounded, the water in the reservoir being drawn down then to
the seven foot level. I'ish were plentiful and the mud was found to be three
feet deep in the centre of the basin and higher on the sides, which slope and
are brick paved, with water reeds growing up between. This mud has never been
cleaned out. Frequently the draught lowers the level six feet but, it is stated,
from July, 1912, to October, 1913, approximately, the water level has not been
below the twelve foot stage. In the hot days of summer, especially during Monday
forenoon, the water level is lowered four feet in a few hours. The water enters
and leaves the reservoir at the bottom, the water level continually fluctuating, the
flow being out' of the basin day-times and into it at night. This represents the
moYement of the water in the distributing pipes of the Frankford District also.
Wentx Farm water goes to the consumers day-times and fresh Lardner's pumping
station water goes to the consumers night-times. Twenty -four hour samples col-
lected hourly at Station No. 2 show this clearly, so it is reported by the City Water
Bnrean.
Saturday noons the water stage in the Wentz Farm reservoir is usually about
thirteen feet. Sundays, when the consumption is less in the district, the reser-
voir is filled to the nineteen foot stage and is ready for the Monday forenoon
draught.
In the winter the reservoir surface is frozen over which eliminates the influence
of wind; but the disturbances due to fluctuation are going on. In the other seasons
the winds must influence the quality of the water and especially in the spring
and again in the fall, when the temperatures of the upper and lower layers of
water arc nearly equal and an equDibrium prevails which encourages the physical
turning over of the water and is denoted the "seasonal turn-over" in lakes and
ponds.
The mud deposits contain B. Goli and various other bacterial organisms. It is
probable that the presence of the mud and all it contains in the basin together with
the rushing in and out at the bottom constantly of four-tenths of the volume of the
stored water together with the other disturbances, influence and diminish the pota-
bility of the water. , ,. , ,
The Wentz Farm reservoir storage is too little for present purposes. The mud
should be cleaned out, and after thorough cleansing the basin should be covered:
but before this covering is put on, a much larger covered storage basin should be
built adjacent and put into commission. In this connection it may be noted that
the district tributary to this reservoir comprising the Thirty-fifth, Forty-first.
Twenty-third, a part of the Forty-second and most of the Thirty-third Wards, is
Digitized by
Google
1066 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
growing rapidly. The Holmesburg District is included within the Wentz Fann
reservoir territory but at present the public water is being supplied there by a
- - — • ' - Cfcni-
pj
T]
private corporation leased and operated by the Holmesburg and Bristol Water <
any. No typhoid has been reported among the consumers of this water in 1913.
?he supply is taken from Pennypack Creek and filtered, under a permit from
the CJommissioner of Health. There is dissatisfaction about water rates and ex-
tensions and eventually the city will acquire the works.
Furthermore, at Wentz Farm reservoir there is a pumping station and intake
connected to the force main from Lardner's Point Station, which raises the water
into a stand pipe supplying the neighborhoods of McGartersville and Grescentville
in the Forty -second Ward, and Fox Chase, Verreeville, and Bustleton, in the
Thirty-fifth Ward. About tvfo million gallons daily are consumed. At Byberry
farms the city is erecting an institution which demands a large supply. Extensions
to water lines are needed elsewhere in the district and the problem of enlarging
the pumping station and stand pipe to meet the growing demands is imminent. In
the Wentz Farm high service district there are several growing communities and
the city will be obliged to prepare plans for these extensions and improvements.
However, the deaning out of the Wentz Farm Reservoir should be undertaken at
once.
TYPHOID FEVER IN THE WENTZ FARM WATER DISTRICTS.
In the Wentz Farm reservoir high service district there have been four cases
of typhoid fever during 1913 to November 1st. Two of them were imported, one
belonged to the cases infected at a wedding breakfast in West Philadelphia, and
the other case, onset on July 10th, has no determined origin. In this district
9,400 persons reside. So Wentz Farm water is not charged with having caused
typhoid fever here.
In the Wentz Farm low service district there is a resident population of about
78,000 persons, divided approximately as follows, the typhoid^ cases for the year
being given by the Wards:
TYPHOID PEVEE GASES FOR IMS AND THE POPULATION BY WARDS IN THE WIBNTZ
FARM LOW SBBTVICB DISTRICT.
Ward.
Popula-
Typhoid
Oases.
Part of Thirty-fifth Ward
2.500
3,000
8.80O
S2.100
17,000
15,000
1
Part of Forty-first Ward,
0
Part of Forty-second Ward
6
Entire Twenty- third Ward,
10
Part of Thirty-third Ward, ., -
12
Part of t'orty- third Ward,' .
u
78.600
tt
Ten of these cases can be accounted for; two were mistakes of diagnosis, one
bathed in the river at a sewer outlet, one ivas a secondary, and six were im-
ported .
Of the thirty cases to be accounted for, five are in a group in a remote comer
of the district in the Forty-second Ward, in the vicinity of Ijogan Station. The
dates of onset were as follows:
February 28. June 9th. October 13th.
May 6th. September 10th.
Two of these cases occurred in the first five month period of the year when the
water analyses showed good water.
In the Thirty -third Ward, of ten cases to be accounted for, seven of them were
in the district known as Cooperville. Their onsets were as follows:
January 2nd. August 2nd.
January 4th. August 4th.
July 18th. September 13th.
July 25th.
Three casese in the Thirty-third Ward occurred at Harrowgate. Their onsets
were March 15th, June 14th, and July 5th respectively. None of these cases have
been reinspected.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
lor?
Nine cases in the Forty- third Ward remain unaccounted for. They are grouped
together in the extreme end of the district known as Franklin ville. They have
not been reinspected . The dates of onsets were as follows:
January 14th.
March 15th.
June 20th.
July 6th.
July 11th.
July 25th.
August 16th.
August 25th.
September 12th.
Grouping these thirty-one cases and presenting them by months and neighborhood
it appears, taking the district as a whole, that ten cases occurred from January
to May indusive, when the water was good as tested at Frankford. and that
twenty-one cases occurred during the succeeding five months.
WENTZ FARM LOW SERVICE DISTRICT TYPHOID 1913. THIRTY-ONE CASES OF UN-
KNOWN ORIGIN GIVEN BY MONTHS AND NEIGHBORHOODS.
Neighborhood.
■2
^
S
I
i
&
Fnnkord
23
3
0
0
0
0
1
Harrowgate. ..
Goopervme. ..
83
0
0
1
0
0
0
3S
2
0
0
, 0
0
0
Frankllnville...
43
1
0
1
0
0
0
Logan Station,
42
0
1
0
0
1
1
TOUl,...
6
1
a
0
'
5
6
5
a
2
tt
The City Bureau of Health made special tests of the water at Harrowgate, Cooper-
ville, apd Franklin ville during the first part of October on three different days
and found the water to be satisfactory. The State Department of Health ran a
series of tests at the Gooperville Station and obtained similar results. The follow-
ing tables present the; data:
SPBCIAL TESTS IN SOUTHERLY END OF WENTZ FARM LOW SERVICE DISTRIGT-1918.
MADE BY CITY WATER BUREAU.
October 2.
October e. October 8.
Stotion.
BacterU.
1
Bacteria. Bacteria.
ToUl.
B. OoU.
Total.
B. OoU. '
B. OoU.
1 cc.
lOCC.
1 CC.
lOCC.
1 CC.
lOCC.
Harrowgate Dlgtrlct.
Tk>ga and F Sts., 33d
83
13
16
13
eo
a
50
25
1
65
36
61
35
CooperYlUe District.
AUegheny & B Sts.. 38d
FrankllnTiUe District.
Fifth k Rtetng San Sts..
43d ward
No. Penn Junction. 33d
•^^xH
+
On October 8th. 1913, the State Department of Health collected a sample at
Fifth and Rising Sun streets and found it contained one B. Coli to the cubic centi-
meter and a total count of eighty.
Digitized by
Google
1068
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
STATE DBPAirrMBNT OP HEAITTH ANALYSES OP WBNTZ FARM LOW SERVICE WATBB
AT COOPKRVILLB-ALLEGHBNY AND B STREETS. THIRTY-THIRD WARD. IMS.
October.
Bacteria Per C
. c.
Total
CJoant.
Pink
Oolonles.
B.GoU.
10
eoo
20
GO
2G0'
60
125
25
80
70
60
60
12
4
23
360
40
sa
S2
2i
0
12
13
14
15,
16
17
18,
19
20, »
a
22
a ....
M :;:;::!:....!! ::.:....::....; ::: !!!!.. ..:!!!!i!!
26
26!
27
2S
«'
SO
n :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Relative to typhoid the question may arise as to whether there is more typhoid
or less in the Wentz Farm district this year than in former years. For ready com-
parison the entire wards are taken whether portions or all of them are within th«
Wentz Farm reservoir district. This will include of course portions of Upper ana
Lower Roxborough, Queen Lane, and Torresdale high and low districts, but it
will serve for comparison. The wards will be 35, 41, 23, 42, and 43.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES FOR SEVERAL WARDS WHOLLY OR PARTLY IN THE HIGH
AND LOW SERVICE WENTZ FARM RESERVOIR DISTRICTS.
Month.
January, .
February, .
March
AorU,
Maj
June
July
Au{nirt> ....
September,
October, ...
November, .
December,
Total,
85th Ward
41st Ward.
IMl.
1912.
1913.
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
6
7
8
2Bd Wud.
1911.
1912.
1913.
20
U
10
33d Ward.
43d Ward.
436 Ward.
January,
February,
March, ...
April
May
June,
July
AuguM.
Septemv^
October,
November,
December.
Total,
2
3
1
2
4
11
6
5
3
2
8
1
1
2
0
0
s
3
a
1
u
31
17
1
1
0
0
0
1
8
1
2
1
3
"ST
15
n
7
1
a
2
1
3
5
3
t
1
0
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1069
In the Forty -second and Forty-third Wards during December, 1911, and January
and February, 1912, there was an epidemic due to the break in the water main in the
RoxborouKh District and the introduction of raw Schuylkill River water into the
system. This accounts for the increased typhoid fever in the table for these two
wards during that period. Deducting those months from the totals and it will appear
that the typhoid cases are fewer in 1913 than in the other years for Wards 42
and 43, but there are more for the Thirty- third Ward. In the Thirty-fifth. Forty-
first, and Twenty-third Wards typhoid fever has been less this year than formerly.
If the cases in the Wentz Farm reservoir district had been thoroughly canvassed,
perhaps the origin of more of the cases might have been determined. Whether the
public water transmitted typhoid through street mains remains an open question.
SUMMARIZATION OF TYPHOID CASES IN FRANKFORD AND WENTZ
FARM RESERVOIR WATER DISTRICTS .
These districts really form one. The settlement of Wissinoming, where the con-
sumers always get the water fresh off the I^ardner's Point force main, lies in the
southern portion of the Forty-first Ward with a resident population of 3,000. There
are sixteen thousand persons in the entire Forty-first Ward, which stretches north-
ward along the river beyond Torresdale to the city limits, and the other thirteen thou-
sand reside in the villages of Tacony and Holmesburg (supplied by the Holmesburg
Water Company) and in a large rural territory.
During the year 1913, not a case of typhoid fever occurred among the three thou-
sand residents in the Wissinoming settlement and but two cases in the rest of the
Forty-first Ward, one imported and the other of unknown origin. Therefore, the
city water did not bring infection to the Wissinoming settlement.
Frankford comprises the Twenty-third Ward, population 32,000. During the
night the pipes in this district are furnished with fresh I^rdner's Point water and
daytimes the water comes from Wentz Farm reservoir, which is Lardner's Point
water subjected to any influences existent in the reservoir due to mud. nigous
growth, and other local disturbances plus any dual pipe connection pollution that
may have occurred.
In the Twenty-third Ward for the year 1913, there were ten cases of typhoid
fever as follows:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES— TWENTT-THTRT) WARD— WENTZ FARM WATER DISTRICT— LOW
SEKVICEJ— IMS.
Onset
Jan. 2.
Jan. SO,
Jan. 34.
Feb. 24.
June 9, ,
Jane 10,
Jnly 12..
Aiiir. 18.
Sept. 2..
Oct. 6..
Gtoe.
Aice.
eex.
A. B.
94
M.
A. K.
Id
F.
J. D.
4
M.
Mrs. P.
S3
F.
0. 0.
25
M.
I. P.
S
F.
A. M.
23
M.
A. D.
2R
F.
A. M.
as
F.
If. G.
7
F.
Street or
Ayenne.
Brlto, ...
Camhiidge.
Worth
Orchard, .
Franklin. .
Frankford,
Melrose. . .
Salem
Franklin. .
Orthodox. .
Occupation.
Machinist
Factory
At home
Honsewife
Electrical engineer. .
At home
Disston's Saw Works
Factory
Honsewlf e
School
Origin.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown
Donbtfnl diagnosis.
Imported.
Unknown.
RlTer bather.
Unknown.
Imported.
Raw vegetables.
SUMMARY OP TYPHOID FEVER IN THE TWENTY-THIRD WARD FOR 1913.
Month.
January,
February, .
March. ....
AprU
May
Jtme,
Jnly
Aninwt, ....
September.
October. ...
Total.
Total
Oases.
10
Accounted
For.
Unac-
counted
For.
Digitized by
Google
1070
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Imported cases, 2
Not typhoid , 1
Bathing in river, 1
Raw vegetables, 1
Accounted for, 5 for 1913
There has been a steady diminution in typhoid fever for the last six years in the
Twenty-third and Forty-first Wards, taking it as an entire period. It was higher
in 1909 than in 1908, occurring mostly in the winter months in these two years. It
was low in 1910, January being the high month. In 1911, the cases increased
slightly, occurring mostly in the warmer months. The year 1913 was the lowest
of all as will appear in the following table. The data for the Forty-first Ward
include the entire population, not merely cases in the Wissinoming section. Of
course, for the Twenty-third Ward, they represent the city water district. It
may be significant that the hypochlorite of lime treatment was not applied until
November, 1910, continued until May of 1911, and then discontinued until Decem-
ber, 1911, since when this disinfectant has been constantly applied at Torresdale.
Furthermore, the preliminary filters were not put in service until February of 1900.
So the water was not as safe and good in 1908, 1909, and 1910, as during 1911,
and presumably the water was better during 1912 and 1913, due to the constant
application of hypochlorite of lime, than before. These facts seem to emphasize
the value to public health of the preliminary filters and of the additional safeguard
due to the application of hypochlorite of lime.
In the following table and in many similar tables the beginning of the general
filtration, (that is the time when all the water was filtered), will be indicated by
"F" and the introduction of prefilters by *'PF." It is to be understood that the use
of these filtration methods is continuous from the time thus indicated. The use
of the hypochlorite of lime as a disinfectant will be marked "Lime."
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE FORTY-FIItST WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
Population 16,000.
Montb.
1906.
January 0
February 1
March 0
April, I 1
May 1
June, 0
July ' 0
August 0
September 3
October, 3
November, | 0
December i 3
Totals.
11
1900.
3
2 PF.
2
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
1910.
I>ime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
1 Lime. 0 Lime.
1912.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime,
liime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Ume.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE TWENTY-THIRD WIARD FOR SIX YEARS.
Population 32,000.
Month.
1
1 1908.
1
1309.
1910.
1911.
ma.
1918.
January
15
4PF.
0
0
0
2
2
3
1
1
0
13
1 Lime.
1 Ume.
0 Lime.
2 Lime.
0 Ume.
2
2
2 Lime.
1 Lime.
1 Ume.
0 Lime.
0 Ume.
0 Ume.
2 Ume.
1 Ume.
2 Ume.
3 Ume.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
1 Lime.
s'Ume^
1 ^Umei
March
Anril
1 1
0 Una.
0 Ume.
June
3 F.
0 Ume.
July
1 Um».
1 UOM.
September
October
1 Ume.
] Ume.
5
Totals
1 37
41
14
20
14
10
1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
1071
The 32,000 population in the Twenty-third Ward, with fire typhoid cases un-.
accounted for, and the 3,000 population for the Wissinoming section, with no ty-
phoid, make up a total population of 35,000 persons receiving city water, with five
cases unaccounted for. Three of these occurred in January, while the outbreak of
typhoid in the downtown Torresdale water districts was in the summer months.
This apparently exempts the Frankford District typhoid from any connection with
the typhoid in those downtown districts.
In connection with the consideration of the Wentz Farm reservoir low service
district typhoid, a discussion of the Wentz farm reservoir high service district
typhoid is pertinent. This district as already set forth, comprises part of the
Thirty-fifth and Forty-second Wards. In the former out of a total population of
10,000, about 6,000 are in the high service district and in the latter, with 24,000
population, 3,400 are in the high service district.
The population of the Thir^-fifth Ward so far as public water supply is con-
cerned, is thus divided as follows:
THIRTY-PIFTH WABD WATER SUPPLY AND TYPHOID PBVBR GASBS FOR !»«.
Water Supply.
Popnialion.
Typhoid Fever Cases.
No. Cases.
Origin.
Wenta Parm— High ScrTlce,
Went* Farm— Low Service,
No- City Water
6.000
i;500
1
1
S
Infected Water Cress.
Mistaken diagnosis.
One imported, one secondary,
unknown.
one
Total,
lO.OOD
• ' .
In view of the foregoing neither the High nor the Low Service can be charged with
spreading typhoid fever in the Thirty-fifth Ward in 1913.
The monthly distribution of cases for the last six years in the Thirty-fifth Ward
is given in the following table:
TYPHOID FBVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-FIFTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
Population 10,000,
Month.
January, .
February.
March. ...
^: —
Jmne,
Joly.
Aognst,
September,
October. . .
November,
December.
Totnla
1908.
1909.
1910.
19U.
1913.
0
8
7
6
1918.
Imported cases, 2; secondary case, 1; not typhoid, 1; undetermined, 1; total, 5,
in 1913.
Before discussing the typhoid for the year 1913 in the Forty-second ward, the
different water districts should be defined. The Forty-second Ward is long and
narrow and is bounded on the north by Montgomery County. It contains the villa|fe
68
Digitized by
Google
1072
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
of Oak Lane which is supplied by the Springfield Water Company. The
Ward had a population of 24,000 distributed by water districts as follows:
entire
m
s
7
!
8
Water Snpply.
1
8
a
^
1
Gk
S
?
Wentu Farm reservoir— high senrice, 1,400
Wentz Farm reservoir— low service I 8,80l>
Roxboroniph— high service. 1,900
Roxborongh— low service, 400
Springiaeld Water Co O.GOO
Total I M.OOO
U
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
1073
i
%
tf
J
^
1
^
s
Q
2
8
s
U
(4
w
g
H
>»
H
5
OJ
»4
^
o
K
■2
el
^
^
»«
»
a
^
h
55
o
l-H
N
7}
a>
u
•XJ
s
Q
?!
ti
S
>
S
^
PC(
00
g
Q
o
0)
»
^
04
4±!
H
»«
H
o
.a
A
^
3
^
ta
2
0)
^
2
I
o
OQ QQ'^OQOQ
silsslissiliss
'II
i§
8 :B^'^
1
1
faShSfahhS'SShfaSS
<
j3jH^goo^t-3g;j5 53^55 55 «o
»rf55aa*^^**''"sa
ill
•IIh
go <9 at O
"Saps
68—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1074
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Therefore, it appears that in the Wentz Farm reservoir hii^h service district for
the year 1913 in the Forty-second Ward there were three cases of typhoid fever, two
of which were imported and one was unknown origin. A summary of cases for
the entire ward follows:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE rORTY-SBGOND WARD FOB 19U.
Population 24,000.
1
==
Wenta Farm District.
Rozborough District.
S
Moatb.
1
1
5
1
2
g
1
1
s
a
5
M
3
^
3
s
s
January
,0
0
0
1 unknown.
1 0
February
0
1 unknown.
0
2( imp; sec.)
1 ®
March
i 0
0
0
0
1 0
April
1 0
0
1 unknown.
0
Miy.'
, 1 unknown.
2 unknown;
imp.
1 unknown.
0
«
June
! 0
0
0
July
0
0
0
0
1 Imported.
Au^st
' 1 imported.
0
0
0
September
I 1 imported.
1 imported.
0
1 unknown.
October,
0
lBec'd-y(?)
0
0
1 0
Totals, ..
1 ^
1
4
h
i«
Imported cases, 6
Secondary, 1
Probably secondary, 1
Accounted for 8
Unaccounted for, 7
15 for 1913
There has been less typhoid fever in the Forty -second Ward in 1913 than any time
during the last five years. The geographical distribution of the cases in the ward for
the years prior to 1913, has not been looked up but the distribution by months is
given in the following table:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE ENTIRE FORTY-SECOND WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
Montb.
1906.
January, 6
February 1
March 0
April 2
May. OF.
June, 2
July 0
An^st 9
September, 5
October i 3
November 1
Deceml>er 5
Totals 33
1909.
1911.
5
7 PF.
8
1
3*
4
4
0
3
9
5
6
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
60
n
1912. 1913.
Ume. I
Ldme. I
Ume.
Ume. I
Ume. I
Lime.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Ume.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1075
The outbreak in the winter of 1911-1912 was due to a break in the water main
in the Roxborough Water District and the supplying of raw river water to the
consumers. The high typhoid in 1908-1900 was probably due to inferior water.
A summary of the tynhoid fever cases in the Wentz Farm reservoir— high service
district— for the year 1913^appears below:
SUMMARY OF WKNTZ FARM RESERVOIR HIGH SERVICE DISTRICT TTPHOID CASE&-1W3.
»«
o
^
VI
•
«
■s
1
1
49
^
t
i
1
p
Thlrty-flfth Ward (part). .
Forty-Becond Ward (part),
Total In higb aervlce.
6,000
8.400
9.400
1
3
1
2
4
9
Since but one case in about 10,000 persons in the high service district is unac-
counted for, no one would attribute this to dty water infection. This is a total
of 44,^ persons up to this point receiving city water in the year 1913 among
whom six cases of typhoid fever occurred, whose origin cannot be accounted for,
as follows:
Wissinoming— part of 41st Ward, 3,000 population— 0 cases
Frankford— entire 23rd Ward, 32,000 population— 5 cases
Wentz Farm High— part 36th and 42nd Wards, 9,400 population— 1 case
44,400 population— 6 cases
This is a rate of fourteen cases in a hundred thousand, which may well be con-
sidered normal and allays any suspicion of the public water supply having been
the cause of the cases; but for the remainder of the Wentz Farm reservoir low
service district the rates increase for the year 1913. The question arises, whether
other sources than the city water may not have been the cause of the ^phoid in
this remaining district, since the city water is not the suspected cause of typhoid
in the districts already discussed receiving the same water.
There remain to be considered the typhoid cases in those portions of the Forty-
third and Thirty-third Wards lying within the Wentz Farm reservoir water dis-
trict. These two wards are immediately south of the Forty-second Ward, the
Thirty-third Ward extending from Frankford westerly and the Forty-third Ward
lying to the west of the Thirty-third. Referring to the Forty-third Ward first,
before discussing the typhoid, the different water districts should be defined. The
entire ward has a population of 43,000, distributed by water districts as follows:
«
n
Water DistrictB.
fj
3>
:p
■a
.
s
"Sf^
1
^i
&
r
Wents Farm Reeerroir^Low Service,
Roxboroagh^Low Service,
Oak Lane— High Serrice,
Qoeen Lane tntermedlate
T^tal.
16.000
7.000
9,000
12.000
43,000
12
3
These twenty-two cases were as follows:
Digitized by
Google
1076
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Ofe. Doc
1^
l-H
»
tf
I
o
5
OQ 3C OOn OQaQOOaQMOQ
•<M I-O
IMnliiinniiH
<& SbIsq I iJlali^ssl^SlI
ss Shbisck; s fasssas{<:s^&;&;ssh
^S3 Sa^Sa a S8i8S3??SSSa«*S»''«
s
s
I I
c ^ *■ *'i5i:5 s a a a " 3 s 3 —-" — ^— ■ •
•o <
o
S
-2
I
.a
•a
o
•43
%
a -5
s
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1077
s m
I
g ^
II
i
? o a
- tt a
I"
S o
8
^ t
& o
a
a M
■ a
* a
^1
•aiXpO
*t9««o
vIM CO OOiH-V*!
a-
I
O OAO«hO
•aiSpo
•TOiBO
•afSlJO
•»0
•mSlJO
I
a
»fH e eee
g.
II
g
1 i
i I
I i"
!l'¥i
f-iA ri ee
^1 ?" ^
2"g « a
•2 .-
a ^
UltF
<a.^.^'<
ill
p -
ml
»s
Digitized by
Google
.1078
IfllGfiTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oil. Doc.
^
a
'O
"^
tf
^3
fee's
^
.a*-
PH
a
W
"J
^5
ss
•«irf OB
II
MO
■21
H
■Eg
5
Gk
Q
pa
l-H
I
o
w
i
I
I
««««««««««>
aaaasaBaaa
3333333333
iaaaaaaaaaaB
333333333333
w w w w
III!
v4 r-4 m <<• « fH ^ M la M f-i lo
!:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1079
The entire Thirty- third Ward has a population of 52,000, divided by water districts
as follows:
Water DUtrictB. Population. Typhoid Fever Cases— 1»1S.
Went* Farm Reservoir-Low Service, 17,000 12
Upper Kensington (Lardner's pump statlcm direct), .. 35.000 26
Total 62,000 SS
Digitized by
Google
1080
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe
CO
^
f
1
1
«J «;* V • * « V.M-M V«
a
S
III!; : ; I : : :
H
H
^
^
a
H
M
i
°
llllillil
1
^
(^
n
P
«
M
•
1
1
CO
s
'
III
r
1
%
1
s
^
■5
*E
a
1
OB
':::£':''
^
^
g
III
1
tdtsofiSz^ZHafas
s
fcaafcssfcfcsfcafc
g
g
n
»
n
-<
5553SRS-»«Sa?55i!'*
ad
H
fe
'
S5
i3
HH
S
??
^
03
i
5
1
23
^*h'«
^'h'o'sJ^c
oa
0$
»B^di^^;aN,'»,'n»
a
H
►
1
H
fo
a
Q
V
1-^
J
1
O
1
SSI
• • : : :*•-•
"a
It
<?^d
<«
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1081
The twenty-six cases in the Upper Kensington water district of the Thirty-third
Ward are described elsewhere in the discussion of that district. It is to be noted in
the next table that in the Wentz Farm reservoiiv-low service district— for the year
1913, in the Thirty-third Ward, there were twelve cases of typhoid fever, five of
which are accounted for — all imported — ^and seven of which are of undertermined
origin. Perhaps if these cases had been carefully reinspected, the sources of infec-
tion might have been discovered to be other than city water:
TYPHOID FEVER CASKS IN THE ENTIRE THIRTY-THIRD WARD FOR 1»18.
Population 52,000.
Wentx Farm Low Service Dlst
Jan., .
Feb.,
March.
April.
May.
June, .
July, .
Ang.. .
Sept..
Oct.. .
Total,
Caaes
12
Origin.
Upper Kenaington District.
Caseo
Unknown, 0
, 2
Imported I 2
1
I 2
Imported, i 2
Unknown 7
I
Two Imported, one nnknown, I 8
Unknown, 4
3
Origin.
{ One nnknown, one imported, ....
I Imported
Imported,
I One unknown, one sewage
i One unknown, one imported,
Three imported, one contact, three
I unknown.
I One imported, two nnknown, ....
I Two imported, one raw yege-
I tables, one unknown.
One pretzel, one raw yegetables,
one unknown.
ToUl
2
2
S
1
2
4
10
6
6
Entire Ward.
Wentz Farm— Low Service Diat. only.
Imported cases 16
Wading In sewage l
Contact 1
Raw vegetables, 2
Pretxels 1
Accounted for, 21
Not accounted for, 17
12
There has been more typhoid in the Thirty- third Ward for the year 1913, than
for the year 1911 and 1912, and within one case of the same number as occurred
in the year 1910. The years 1908 and 1909 were very much higher as will appear
in the following table; which gives the distribution of the cases by months.
Digitized by
Google
1082
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
m
(4
t
X
O
Q
<
Q
t-H
i
EH
QQ
>
O
H
o
3
o
g
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
8 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
4 Lime.
lis Lime.
6 Lime.
6 Lime.
8 Lime.
S
s
i|iiii§l§ggi
333333333333
fl
§
Hit §
3333 3
a
i
i
ti
• I
t
a-**^"-* •'-'-»''-»•
8
I
»;
9
Month.
January
February.
March
April
MSy.'
June
July
Aug«t
September
October
November
December
:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1063
A Bummary can now be made of the typhoid fever cases in the remaining Wentz
Farm reservoir— low service — district comprising portions of the Thirty-fifth, Forty-
second, Forty- third, and Thirty-third Wards, where the typhoid for the year 1913
has been at a higher rate than for the other portion of this low service water dis-
trict and also for the Wentz Farm high service district. This summary follows:
8UMMABY OF TYPHOID FBVBB CASES DURING 1913 FOR THAT PORTION OF THE WBNTZ
FARM RBBBRVOIR liOW BERVICB DISTRICT COMPRISING PARTS OF THE THIRTY-
FIFTH, FORTY-SECOND. FORTY-THIRD. AND THIRTY-THIRD WARDS. TOTAL POPULA-
TION 4S.S(M>.
Ward.
Thirty-flftb Ward— pftrt.
Forty-second Ward— part,
Forty-third Ward— part,
Thirty-third Ward— iwrt.
Totals
Population.
2,500
8.800
16,000
17,000
43,300
Total.
Accoonted for
Unaccounted for
1
6
12
12
1
3
7
6
0
8
5
7
SI
16
IS
Thus there are fifteen cases unaccounted for in this portion of the district in a
population of 43,000 people, a rate of thirty-five cases in 100,000, whidi is above the
normal. This rate substantially held throughout the four wards involved. Prob-
ably a re-inspection of these cases would have explained a certain number.
The fact that nine of the fifteen cases occurred during the vacation season and the
hot months may be significant. There are no known dual connections in these
wards, but there may nave been such connections not reported to the authorities
nor diflcovefed by them.
Taking the entire population in what may be considered the Frankford Dis-
trict, which includes Wissinoming, the Wentz Farm high and the Wentz Farm low
services, there is a total of 87.700 persons among whom, for the year 1913, from
January to October inclusive, there were forty-five cases of typhoid fever, of which
twen^-four have been accounted for (largely as imported cases) and twenty-one
remain unaccounted for, none of these having been re-inspected except in one or
two instances. This gives a rate of fifty-one cases in a 100,000 of population.
The summary of cases in the entire district, as thus outlined follows:
TYPHOID FBVER GASES FDR l»13-nJANUARY TO OCTOBER INGLUSIYB— FOR THE FRANK-
FORD WATEIR DISTRICT WHICH INCLUDES WISSINOMING, FRANKFORD, AND WBNTZ
FARM RESERVOIR— HIGH AND LOW SBRVICB SUB-DISTRICTS— COMPRISING ALL OF
WARD 23 AND PART OF WARDS 83. 36. 41. AND 48. POPULATION 88.000. DAILY WATER
CONSUMPTION 15.000.000 GALLONS.
1,
2.
2.
4,
S.
6,
7,
I:
10,
il:
13.
14.
15.
1«,
17,
tf.
1»«
Jan. Feb,
•2 1
Mar. Apr,
May
June
July
1+*1
1-fl'
Aug.
:: I :::::: I
Sept.
"i
•1 ,
1
Oct.
2 ' ....
1! 11......
•1 I
'.'.'.', , i
*'"i I '.'.'.'.'.'.
.*.*■*■ ] i+*ii i
i+ii !:::::: i ::::::
Digitized by
Google
1084
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
»,
, Jan.
Feb.
1
Mar.
Apr. May June , Jnly
! i I
Aug. ' Sept j Oct.
The figures starred indicate that the case was of undertermined origin. From the
above chart it is seen at a glance that January, and from June to September in-
clusive, were the peak months in high rates both as to total cases and cases of un-
determined origin. Three of the January cases occurred the first part of the month,
at the optimum period after the water was turbid and contained B. Ooli in the
filtered water basin at Torresdale, as shown by the few samples collected.
But the great majority of the cases occurred during the summer before the filters
became badly clogged and more hypochlorite of lime had to be used, which was dur-
ing the last part of September particularly and the first part of October. However,
the bacterial evidence is too meagre at Torresdale to be absolutely sure that B.
Coli were not passing through.
Another fact of importance should be noted which is, that the Frankford and
Wentz Farm district receives a small part of the Torresdale filtered water. An
average of about fiftten million gallons daily goes to this district; fifty-six million
gallons daily go to the Oak Lane district, and a hundred and twenty-five million
gallons daily to the Torresdale liOW District. Hence if the filters passed bad water
to a small degree, a very little of it would naturally go to the district under con-
sideration. Most of this small quantity of bad water would go to the Torresdale
Low, less to Oak Lane, and a verv little, perhaps, to Wentz Farm. Furthermore.
Wissinoming uses an inconsiderable quantity of water, Wentz Farm High a little
more, and Frankford and the 33rd and 43rd Wards a considerable quantity. Na-
turally most of the infection would be carried along by the rapid currents in the
large mains and would reach the distributing pipes in the districts using most of the
water. So we should expect more typhoid in Frankford and in the 33rd and 43rd
Wards than at Wissinoming or the Wentz Farm High Service. So the Torresdale
filtered water, which we do not hold free of suspicion, might have been slightly con-
taminated, due to imperfect treatment at Torresdale in 1913 and not weaken the
argument that city water did not cause typhoid this year in Wissinoming and Wentz
Farm High and to a small extent, if at all, in Frankford and Wentz Farm I^ow
Service, but that it may have carried typhoid to Oak Lane and the Torresdale Ix)W
Service District.
KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT.
The Kensington water district extends along the river from Frankford Creek to
Vine Street a distance of five miles and contains 334,000 population. It is divided
into three sub-districts. Upper Kensington containing 104,000 persons, Middle Ken-
sington containing 164,000 persons, and Lower Kensington containing 66,000 persons.
In this district the conditions of distribution of the water are distinctive and
they aflfect the quality of the water. Dual pipe connections were found, sediment in
the mains is extensive and tests of this mud show it to contain abundant bacterial
life and the sewage organisms. The district is sub-divided by the manper in which
the water is distributed. For the year 1913, there were about four hundred cases
of typhoid fever from January to October inclusive in the entire district.
There are points in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Kensington districts where
fresh filtered water is delivered from the large main. The entire district is on the
direct pumping system from Lardner's Point station.
In 18ol there were constructed and put in operation a pumping station on the
Delaware River at the foot of Susquehanna Avenue and a sedimentation and storage
reservoir on Lehigh Avenue, and all of the large Kensington and Richmond District
was furnished with this water. As the Delaware River water became less desirable
an intake farther up the stream was discussed. In 1877 the Frankford pumping
station and the Wentz Farm reservoir were completed. I^ater a thirty inch main
was laid connecting Wentz Farm reservoir with the Kensington reservoir at Seventh
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1083
Street and Lehigh Avenue, but the old pumping; station at Susquehanna and Beach
Streets, known as the "Delaware Works," was not abandoned untO 1890. On the
site of the Kensington reservoir is now located a City Manual Training School and
the Municipal Fire Service Pumping Station for the Kensington District. A small
basin still exists and is used in connection with tills fire station. This basin is
charged with filtered Torresdale water. Some Schuylkill River water was supplied
to the Kensington reservoir from the Spring Garden pumping station. Thus it will
appear that many of the water pipes in the Kensington District now under discus-
sion have been laid down and used for fifty years. Undoubtedly sediment from the
Schuylkill River as well as from the Delaware River exists in these pipes. Some
of this dark Schuylkill River mud was flushed out at a hydrant in October, 1913 by
agents of the Commissioner of Health, analyzed and found to contain B. Coli.
In the following table are given data concerning the extent, population, and
the typhoid fever of the Kensington Water District. In the preparation of this
table it was not possible to pick out the cases of 1911 and 1912 which belong to the
Water District, and the figures for entire wards are given.
KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT DATA.
Population In
Water Dl«-
trict.
Casei of Typhoid Fever.
1911
Entire Ward.
1912
Entire Ward.
1918
Jan. -Oct
Water Diet.
UPPER KENSINGTON.
45th Ward entire
26,000
4S.000
86.000
81.000
60,000
27,000
17,000
IS, 000
28.000
1»,000
20 000
15,000
12.000
334.000
7
82
20
25
44
84
18
22
80
14
25
18
9
811
25
45
22
22
41
83
15
15
45
20
16
15
12
28
55
26
S
58
43
SSfh VffmrA Mitink
SSnl Ward, part of
MIDDLE KENSINGTON.
Slst Ward entire
19th Ward, most or
18th Ward, entire
17th Ward entire
16th Ward entire
a)th Ward, nart or
87
28
LOWER KENSINGTON.
14th Ward entire,
Mth Ward entire
26
12th Ward entire
21
11th Ward entire
8
Totals
829 ' 894
With two months lacking there is for the year 1913 a record of more cases of
typhoid fever in the Kensington water district than for either 1911 or 1912. The
opposite was true for the Wentz Farm reservoir district.
UPPER KENSINGTON.
The Forty-fifth ward contains the garden truck and poudrette pit district of Rich-
mond and to the south of it the northern edge of the built up section of Richmond .
In the western part is a populous area to the south of Frankford Junction Station of
the Pennsylvania Railroad. This branch is carried over the Delaware River and
north of it in the Forty-fifth Ward is Bridesburg lying between Frankford and the
Delaware River.
On Frankford Avenue near this passenger Station is a special water sampling
station known as No. 4, of the City Water Bureau. The actual location of this
station was changed so that three different places were included. The following
tables shows the results of the tests here;
Digitized by
Google
4088
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
i
<
1
1
i
%
I
n
::: i ::: i :::::::::::::+ jl . :| :l :l '
i
d
d
• ::*:::::::::::::::::: : : : : : t
::::::::::::::::::::: : :: : • 1
6
O
•2^
HMMMNnNNMNi : H M
n
d
d
S
! i i i : i : 1 : i M ! ? \ : i i
i
04
d
d
::::::::::::: :| 1 l + M :| + l 1 1 1 :l+i
II
::::::::::::: i^St^figg iSSs:|S9 :SS \
1
1
1
n
d
d
: 1 ++ 1 + :++++++ : i : ! i : L L : i • ! i i i : : :
d
d
:| + l 1 1 i+l + l-H- :::::::::::: ii :::: '
%
"^^
:aa|1!6 iSMStSS i ; f i i i : i : ii! ;:::::
1
I
(D
d
d
2
+++I++I + I :+ll + ll : 1 +++++:++ 1+++:
d
d
++I I++I + I :+l 1 1 1 1 :l 1 l + l+:| 111 + ':
i
o
i^U
^S^^S^S^" :RSS8Sg i^§S6S9S i
WCSSg :
n
d
d
S
iiiiiiiiiii jiiiiii :Mii++i++"+
d
d
: i i : i : ! i : : : i i : i • : : i i i i :i n+
111+
o
m
s
p
II
:::::::::::::::::::::: igaSSSW"*
\
i
'^'^'"^'•^''^"^■«*Sflaas;s«Vaaaarfa«>
ii^\
Rfl«S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1067
This is a very different water from that in the Frankford District (Wentz Farm-
Low Service) above. For purposes of comparison a table follows which shows the
results of analyses at Station No. 4. in Upper Kensington, and Station No. 2. in
Frankford. At the Station No. 4. B. Coll in one cubic centimeter were present
twenty times out of sixty -five samples, and only once in fifty samples at Station
No. 2. in Frankford:
COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING RESULTS OF ANALYSES— TOR RESDALB WATERr-CITY
SAMPLING STATIONS-1913.
SUtlon No. 4 (Upper Kenaington.)
StaUon No. 2 (Frankford.)
Total Coont.
Times B.
Coll Present.
1
s
Total Count.
Times B.
Coli Present.
1
•
5
5
Month.
1.
1
1
Ave. Max. ' Mln.
!
1 CC 10 oc
Ave.
Max.
Mln.
ICC
10 CC
1
1 1 "
t
en
2:
Jnly
81 78 1 21
82 1 760 ! 11
91 1 470 1 40
86 300 1 13
J 1
I
8
1 •
5
18
17
1
8
27
25
5
91
277
61
144
220
88
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
12
September, . . .
October
1.600
220
370
87
8
64
13
12
18
No such water has been found anywhere above this point in the distributing
system.
The City Water Bureau was advised to establish a number of temporary testing
stations throughout the 45th Ward, and forthwith picked out three places near the
Frankford Junction passenger station, three in Bridesburg above the railroad, and
five in the Richmond District, two being along the river, one in the centre of the
farms, and two in the built up section.
The Bridesburg Stations for convenience will be called A, B. and C^ Results of
analyses follow:
FORTY-FIFTH WARD— BRIDESBURG SAMPLB&-1913.
CITY SAMPLING STATIONS*
SUtion A.
Station B.
station 0.
Richmond & Ash Sta.
Richmond & Orthodox Sta.
Richmond & Harrison.
Date.
Total.
Ooant.
B. CoU.
Total.
Count.
B. Coll.
Total.
Ooant.
B. Coll.
10.0.
10 0.0.
lO.C.
10 C. C.
10.C.
10O.C.
October a.
October 6,
October 8
October 10.
October IS
71
ISO
170
70
80
+
+
+
87
320
20O
75
ISO
\
1 1 1 1 +
84
820
880
76
^
+
These waters look very much like the samples for the same dates at Station No. 3,
Tacony and Lewis Streets, Frankford. Station B. is a saloon where the water is
kept running pretty constantly so that the sample should represent the water in
the main. The State Department of Health ran a series of tests at this station in
Digitized by
Google
1088
EiaHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
October and, out of twenty samples, eleven contained B. Coli ranging from one to
eight and averaging a count of four to the cubic centimeter accompanied by an
average total count of 240.
STATB DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
STATION B—BRIDESBURG— FORTY-FIFTH WARD— 191S. UPPER KENSINGTON DISTRICT.
October.
10.
11.
12.
IS.
14.
IB,
16,
17.
18,
1».
a>.
21.
22,
23.
i;
27.
28.
29.
30.
81.
Bacteria per C. 0.
ToUl. Pink Colonies. B. ColL
300
600
120
120
2G0
150
100
150
150
260
80
83
aoo
120
120
160
These results are remarkable and show an undesirable water, for they appear to
be contradictory of the results of the tests of all other Wentz Farm r^ervoir water.
It may be possible that it is Upper Kensington water at this point, the same as the
water collected at Station No. 4 which was bad; but Station B is at the end
of a twelve inch pipe coming down directly into Bridesburg from the centre of
Frankford. There is, however, a connection down Richmond Street to Wheatsheaf
Lane to the twelve inch main from Frankford Junction. The Department collected
a sample at the City Water Bureau Station G here on October 9th. The total count
was eighty-five and there were two B. Coli present in a cubic centimeter.
The Ci^'s Richmond District Stations for convenience have been denominated
Q, H, I, J, and K. Data concerning them are given in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OJ* HEALTH.
1060
2
S
J,
Q
;?;
o
o
t-H
Q.
a
m
3
o
^
6
d
: 1 ++ 1 +++
n
•3
S
8
<
n
d
d
: 1 ++ 1 1 -H-
4
«H
•
QQ
1
•s*^
i-is«s*a
1
y
i
I
<
i
d
d
+■+ 1 +++++
•^
n
d
+ 1 1 1 ++ M
0
:p
4
rH
1
l»
a!9d3t$SSS^
Q
t.|
o'
d
1 ++++++ 1
1
^
u
1
I
S
►^
o
d
l+l 1 1 l+l
§
4
n
d
00
:p
♦H
(3
1
1
s
3.
i
eS5|||8?3
02
«
^;
;>
I +++++ I +
I ++ 1 ++ n
igSlssgs
I l + l I
i II 1 1
ass^s
5919 ;:a
69—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1090 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. 0oc.
Station G is in the centre of the truck garden farms but on a twelve inch main
that is directly connected to the forty inch force main from Lardner*s Point. The
results in the table show good water but the State Department of Health's sample on
October 9th showed B. Coli as previously stated.
Station U is at Shoemaker's tertilizer works to which fleshings, bones, and dead
animals are brought in wagons and in scows. There is a wharf, but no water on it.
City water is supplied for drinking at the works and raw river water is used for
(ire protection and boilers. There is an artesian well, water from which is used
in the manfacturing process. The samples were taken from a dead end. Adjoining,
but supplied from the ten inch city main in Tioga Street, is the 25th Ward gas
works, owned by the United Gas Improvement Company. City water is suppfied
here for drinking and lavatory purposes. Raw river water is used for fire and manu-
facture. Both of these plants are reported not to have a dual connection to the city
water system
Station I is at the James Martin Public School. The manufacturing plants in the
vicinity are reported as not having dual pipe connections, except at Baeder, Adam-
son & Company's Glue Works, Richmond and Allegheny Avenue, where there was
a bad dual connection. There is a well at the plant, the water of which is used for
factory purposes and fire lines, and one tank for storage of fire water and there are
three other tanks for storage of water used in the factory. There are three Worth-
iugton Duplex pumps having suctions to the well and four inch discharge. The city
four inch connection, metered, was joined to the company's fire line. This con-
nection had no check valve, simply a valve, kept open, so it is reported. Every
month there was a fire drill at the plant and the fire pumps were run up to pressure
of eighty pounds, the city pressure being between forty and fifty pounds. The com-
pany may have turned the fire pumps over every week. There was nothing to pre-
vent the well water from going into the city mains. During the first week in
September, 1913, the company severed the city pipe connection and used nothing but
well water for all purposes. About 450 men are employed, with no sickness among
them at the time of inspection, October 1913. The well water upon analysis showed
contamination and the City Board of Health condemned' it. Undoubtedly this well
water intermittently was sent back through the pumps into the city main. Station
J samples would be affected, also I, K, and possibly G and H, but the samples in
the table were collected a month after this source of contamination had been closed
and shut off.
Station J is at a coal yard at the foot of Allegheny Avenue. The city here owns a
recreation pier having a landing for small river passenger boats. No water on the
pier. Several blocks below, at the foot of Ann Street, in the midst of the Richmond
Terminal Docks of the Reading Railway Company, is a dual connection at the Port
Richmond grain elevator owned by the company. Here are two check valves and a
gate valve under seal on the connection. The city conducted a series of pressure
gauge tests in the summer of 1913, but discovered no evidence of leakage back into the
mains from the elevator plant. The fire pumps are tested every Friday. The
danger here consists in neglect in closing the gate after a fire. The Reading Com-
pany had delayed severing the dual connection and the city will compel action or
cut the supply off. Pollution here would probably affect Station J and Station I
samples, and possibly at Station K.
Station K is at a drug store on the edge of the built up section of Port Richmond
where the direction of flow in the pipe changes. From the table of results it will
appear that for the five stations in the Port Richmond District, out of a total of
thirty-six samples, B. Coli were present thirteen times in one cubic centimeter and
twenty-five times in ten cubic centimeters. This certainly is not satisfactory for
the filtered water.
The city's Frankford Junction Station neighborhood samples for convenience are
denoted Stations D, E and F respectively. Data concerning them are given in the
following table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1001
rORTY-riFTH WARD— FRANBLFOBD JUNCTION STATION NEIGHBORHOOD SAMPLES— IWt.
City Sampling Stations.
Station D.
StaUon B.
station r.
October.
Trenton St. YenanfO.
Kenslnffton & Tioga.
Frankford Jnncttoa
Station.
ToUl.
Coont.
B. Coll.
Total.
Connt.
B. Coll.
Total.
Count
B. CoU.
ICC.
10 CO.
ICC
10 cc
ICC
10 C C.
6
210
460
820
140
64
230
51
1 l-H-l 1 I
+
22
IW
»?
27
29
28
+
18
140
+
8
4.
lo'
u,
15.
17\ .................
20
As would be expected these tests show the same kind of water as the samples at
City Sampling Station No. 4 in the same neighborhood. The State Department of
Health ran a series of tests at City Station F, twenty samples were collected in
October, eight which showed 6. Coli present in one cubic centimeter ranging as high
as nine colonies. The results of these State analyses are given in the following table*
STATn DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATBl
BURKAU STATION F— FRANKFX)RD JUNCTION STATION-FORTY-PI PTH WARD 1913:
October.
10,
11.
12,
IS,
14.
15.
16.
17.
IS.
S:
a.
22.
23.
94.
27.
28.
SO.
31.
Bacteria per C C
ToUl.
Pink Colonleu.
B. Coll.
2E0
500
400
660
00
260
80
60
800
260
40
100
160
460
20O
77 ^
260
860
30
«
Considering again the Bridesburg water, which is supposed to come from Wenta
Farm reservoir, note that fourteen samples collected at city stations A, B. and C
in October, showed B. Coli once in one cubic centimeter, while out of twenty
samples collected by the State at Station B during October, eleven showed B. Coli
In one cubic centimeter. In this neighborhood there was a dual connection at the
Foerderer GJue Works, which was physically severed September 24th, 1913. No
Digitized by
Google
1003
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
samples were taken prior to this time in this district. At the slue works seventy
men are employed and at the time of inspection there was no sickness among them.
The^ drink the city water. The Superintendent argues that if it had been con-
caminated, the employees would have drunk the bad water first. Large quantities
of river water are used here for manufacturing purposes and in the lire service
pipes. There was a three inch city connection to the line extending from the pumps
to the tank on the roof. The company maintains that the valves were tight and
prevented the raw water from leaking back. Every Sunday during the day city
water is used for manufacturing. Now it goes direct to the tank on the roof, but
prior to September 24th 1913 it discharged into the pipes filled with raw river water.
At times on week days, when the river water was very bad, city water would be
used but normally on Monday forenoon, raw water from the river would be acain
used and consequently if leakage occurred in the valve the pollution would foUow
and continue as long as raw water was used, that is, usually until next Sunday.
Examinations of the serial samples of the State for Station B shows that of the
eleven times out of twenty samples that B. Coli were found, seven were among
samples collected the last half of the week, two on Thursday, three on Friday and
two on Saturday. Furthermore, for these three days there were only ten samples
collected — seven showing pollution — ^while for the other four days of the week when
ten samples were collected four showed B. Coli, one on each day. This may not be
significant.
Summarizing the results of the water analyses for the 45th Ward, it will be seen
from the following table that, on an average, one out of every three samples shows
B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter in the Bridesburg District, the Frankford
Junction neighborhood and the Port Richmond neighborhood. The total counts are
also higher than the Lardner's Pumping Station watpr. This sudden change in the
quality of the water remains to be accounted for. Unknown dual connections and
sediment in the pipes are suspected.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF FORTY-FIFTH WARD SAMPLES COLLECTED
IN ms.
Neighborhood.
Samples.
Averagre
Total Count.
; Times B. Cdl
present In ICC
RrideAburf
Frankford Junction,
Fort Richmond, ...
Totals
34
101
87
172
168
117
119 1
IS
S2
14
In the 45th Ward typhoid fever has been distributed in the three districts from
January to October inclusive, for 1913, as follows:
Bridesburg, 3 cases?
Frankford Junction 8 cases
Port Richmond, '. 12 cases
23 cases
These cases have not been reinspected. Until October 1913 the city medical in-
spectors who went into the field were careless most of the time and apparently made
little effort to ascertain the origin of the case. The Bridesburg cases were as fol-
lows:
Onset.
Case.
Age.
Sex.
Street or Avenue.
Occupation.
Origin.
April »
Jane 10
September 2S, ..
C. P., ..
J. 0.. ..
L. B., ..
SO
M
Almonil
Brass worker, ..
Carpet mfgr
Laborer,
Raw ojsters and
68; M.
Sl| M.
Pratt
clam*.
Almond,
Unknown.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
The Frankford Junction neighborhool cases were these:—
1093
Onset.
Caae.
Age.
1»
10
17
44
81
ZL
20
6
Sex.
Street or Ayenue.
Occupation.
Origin.
April 17
Miiy 16
T. v., ..
B. F., ..
A. 8.. ..
W. 1^.. .
W. H.. .
H. W., .
T. T.. ..
P. H. ..
M.
F.
F.
M.
H.
M.
M.
M.
Acate.
Laborer
Imported.
Unknown.
Whittle
School
Jane 17',
Ruth
Factory,
Unknown.
July 2
Arcadle
MiU hand
Laborer (Sth
ward gM works)
City salesman. ..
Hatter (Stetsons)
At home
TraTeled on riTer
July 5,
Bmerald,
boats.
Contact with river
July 10
Venanfo
Frankford
Frankford
water,
(yontact at work.
Anrust 28.
September 4, ...
(3onUct.
Unknown.
The Port Richmond neighborhood cases are sub-divided, five were scattered and
the other seven closely grouped. The scattered cases follow:
Onset.
Case.
Age.
38
29
18
17
Sex.
Street or Avenue.
Occupation.
Origin.
February 1
J. U.. ..
K. K., ..
J. L.. ..
F. E., ..
H. K.. ..
M.
F.
M.
M.
Tllton,
MOl hand
Housewife
Laborer (Cramps)
Chef
Unknown.
February 7
July 2
E. Thompson, ...
Melvale
Unknown.
August 21
September 6. ..
Wythe,
water.
Imported.
Unknown.
9\ M.
Almond
School
The grouped cases are these:—
Onset.
Case.
Age.
7
2i
ZL
25
25
S2
Sex.
M.
Street or Avenue.
Occupation.
Origin.
Maj 23.
J. C, ..
B. C, ..
S. O.. ..
R. G., ..
F. J.. ..
A. R.. ..
B. M., .
Belgrade
Edgemont
Almond
School
Unknown.
July 5
Tailor
Factory (Schlic-
ter).
Factory (Bchlic-
ter).
Factory (Schlic*
ter).
Factory (Schllc-
ter).
Domestic
Unknown.
Contact
July 9,
July 10,
Livingston
Emery
(Tontact
Contact.
Contact.
July 25
August 2
October 9
Edgemont
Almond.
Digitized by
Google
low EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
The summary for the ward is this:—
rORTY-PIFTff WARD. TYPHOID PBVBB CASES IMS.
Off. I>oc
Month.
ToUl.
Origin.
Accounted for
JaDnaiT
8 1
0
0
K^bniarTx
Blarch
April.' '. !.....'.'
May, !!.:!:........:.... :"
June,
July
August,
September,
October, -
Totals
»!
12
u
Considering the eleven cnses of undetermined origin the conclusion can hardly be
reached that all of these cases were caused by a polluted city water without more
definite information than was at hand. Four of the eleven cases were thirty years
of age or older. The age periods follows:
Age periods Gases
5 to 9 years, 3
10 to 19 years, 2
20 to 29 years, 2
30 years or over, 4
The 25th Ward is the heart of Richmond and contains, all along the river front,
the coal yard, wharves and freight yards known as the Richmond Terminals and
Transfer of the Philadelphia and Reading Rnilway. The Port Richmond grain
elevator of this company is at the foot of Ann Street and here there is a dual pipe
connection, the only one reported in the ward along the river, with the exception of
the Glue Works, Richmond Street and Allegheny Avenue.
Just off Frankford Avenue on Clearfield Street is the City Water Bureau Sampling
Station No. 5, in use for the last three years. It gets water direct from the main
that supplies testing station No. 4 in the 45th Ward above. The following table
shows the results of the tests at Station No. 5.
RESULTS OF ANALYSES AT CITY SAMPLING STATION NO. 5— TWENTY-FIFTH WARD.
RICHMOND.
January, .
Fehntnry,
March. ...
April
May
Junp
July
Auarnxt,
September,
Ortotior, .
Novoral)er,
December,
25
16
10
16 I
36
11
14
29
34
92
28 '
80
8 1
SI
55
10.
107,
15
^\
89,
40
10 '
64
2S
81
110
150
12-
S8
ir»
8
21
28
10 1
21i
185
5'
^ ^
56
10,
18
850
10 '
se'
110
8
68
90
430
3301
290,
440 I
165,
65
60!
140 <
5o i
230
140'
I
2,
15
10
10
15
10
10 .
10, .
10
10 .
15 .
48
85
88
2^
163
175
67
110 I
155
550
1,100,
800 I
770,
480
7
16
a
9
a»
*i
•
••
a
n
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
10»3
; Tiiroughout the year 1911 the water at Station No. 5 ran remarkably even. The
first few months and again during the last two months in 1912 the total counts ran
higher. For the year 1913 the total counts rose in April and stayed high during May
aud June. Unfortunately B. Coli determinations were not made of samples from
Station No. 5 before May 11, 1913, as the table shows. Typhoid fever wus less in
the 25th Ward in 1911 than during 1912, and less in 1912 than during 1913 up to
November 1st. At the first glance this increase in cases corresponds to the increase
ic the total bacteria.
The water comes straight from the Lardner's Point Piunping Station to City
Station No. 5 with this controlling feature, that the twelve inch pipe feeding No. 5
station is taken off the forty -eight inch Lsrdner's Point Pumping Station force main
at Frankford Junction, and there may be a local circulation in the distributing pipe
in the vicinity of Station No. 5. If not, then No. 5 water should correspond with
the water at City Sampling Station No. 1. In the following table this comparison
is given, the results favoring Station No. 1:
AVERAGE DAILY TOTAL COUNTS BT MONTHS OF BACTERIA IN THE WATER SAMPLES
AT CITY SAMPLING STATIONS NOS. 1 AND 5.
Mootli.
1»U.
1»12.
Jaaoaiy. .
February,
March, ...
April
Miy
June
July
AngUMt, ..
September,
October, .
November,
December,
Sta. No. 1.
19
S2
10
18
18
SI
16
74
46
VJ
16
Sta. No. 6
26
16
10
14
15
»
U
14
29
Sta. No. 1.
14
99
61
12
13
13
7
8
9
13
14
SU. No. 6.
81
107
89
64
110
88
21
21
27
18
36
19M.
Bta. No. 1. iiU. No. S.
21
•
36
9
6
7
15
10
11
10
48
86
88
as6
16S
175
67
"o
94
This comparison is important. It shows that for the year 1911 the same water
was found at both stations. For 1912 it shows a slight increase and for 1913 a very
marked increase in bacteria in the water at Station No. 5. The wates has been
good at the upper station. It has not been good at the lower station. Therefore,
the unavoidable conclusion is that the deterioration has occurred in the pipes be-
low Station No. 1 in other words, in the Upper Kensington District. This bears
out the evidence previously discussed, but it is more striking and valuable since
it comes from the records for three years.
A more marked difference in the two waters is noted in the table that follows
showing the days of the months. B. Coli determinations were not made at Station
No. 5 until May 11th, 1913. They have been made continuously at Station No. 1
but are not shown in the table for the first four months because B. Coli were not
present in any of the samples in one cubic centimeter and only four time in ten
cubic centimeters. In May, June, July and August, 1913, B. Coli were entirely
absent at Station No. 1, and also in September and October, excepting four times
and then in ten cubic centimeters.
Digitized by
Google
1096
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
OQ
I
o
a
o
8
QQ
^ •
W .
EjQ
I
pq
O
O
QQ
M
i
1
n
V
o
II+++++I + I M + l +++++I++ +I + I
11
s«»8S iSaSWS i«SSa 'SsSSg^^SS '55«s j
1
•jj-g
i*isn n'*!^! m (-"••i i*'i2i*i is
i
i
1
n
+ 1 1 ++ 1 +++++ +111++ ++
o
1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 +++ + 1 1 M + ++
il
i«N§i!Si8iS9-S8^§IS8|i^a««§'S8
*-<
1
ii
i*-i n^isi*^!^!'^! rm**!**! 1 1
i
1
!•
tfitai in t{ IS 119 1)8 181 igigisi 18 19
*i
ws-a 1 •-«-'•— ' is9«sa« !•— •^-- 1- IS
6
•^
1
«»
t l''l^tt8**l8ll8l9MSI»i 1 1 l«l ifini^
r4
a9s**g?2;?«***-*-'' i*«— 55 1« iw**-a*-a i
1
i«
1 i:9i»isi itti 1 i«i isisist i^sisi^s
»^
•- i-'-'sa-- r* r**- ii^-n.-*— «.—
1
lA
IISII8l«aii3il8lttiglli3iSI§l 181813
tH
is«ssas«a«8sjss-'*a-g i-^-sa* i'^-bs*
I
J
)
MninnninnnniMMnnn i
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1097
o
O
3
I
0
il
2
a
J
t
as
I
^25
2
0
I
H
I
^1
OB
I
OQ
5
OB
6
n
+ + + + + +
I + I
+ I I
II
SIglgl l^lftliSI l«
I I M laisiai i«i<»i«i isi'^^r
:| •
3"
n
el
ll"'l*|l«»l*|-|l«ISI"ll'-I-l*ll«»-*
i
^1
ii*'i*i'^ii'^i-isiisi«r+n'*i"ii
S
S
I ++++++++++ I
III ++I I! l-f l + l I 1 + 1++++!
31
S^tt I9§36MS»8S£S§SSSISJ|9
a
181 1 ii«*isi«i laisn i-isi^-i I'^n
*^—saaasss5ss9«aa«a«8fc8ft8B
Digitized by
Google
1098 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Even in January or February the total counts were higher at Station No. 5
than at Station No. 1. The latter part of March a great difference occurred
increasing to the maximum during the middle and latter part of April. All through
May, particularly the middle part, the difference was very great, continuing all
.through the month of June, up to the last four days, since when the counts have
not run as high. The Station was temporarily* discontinued July 24th and resumed
on October 6th. Usually the B. Coli in one cubic centimeter accompany the high
total count, but not always; occasionally B. Coll in one cubic centimeter were
present in the sample when the total count was low. Furthermore, it will be
noticed that between high counts and the presence of B. Goli in one cubic centi-
meter there will be an intervening day of very low count and absence of the sew-
age organism. These phenomena are not observed as Station No. 1, Liardner's
Point pump house, or the Torresdale filtered water basin. Influences are at work
in the Kensington District that are not operative in the Frankford District, at
least to a substantial degree. It may be well at this juncture to recall the Wentz
Farm reservoir phenomenon.
Certain water bacteria inhabit but do not thrive in the water there until copper
sulphate is applied to destroy algae. Accompanying this operation favorable con-
ditions for the development of these bacteria are brought aoout and at once they
develop enormously and characterize the water in the pipes. There are many
miles of old water jpipes in the Kensington District that are seeded with innumerable
bacterial forms. It is only necessary for any particular form to find favorable con-
ditions in order to grow extensively. The water is of a higher temperature during
the months that the total bacterial count increased as observed at Station No. 5.
As has been seen, the quality of the water of the Delaware River in sammer differs
from that in winter. It may be quite possible that all of the circumstances combined
to encourage the development of the organisms in the pipes and that this accoonts for
some of the increase and the marked difference between Kensington water and
Frankford water, and this may apply to a degree to the B. Goli. It is a fact
that the proportion of B. Coli to the total count in the samples at Station No. 5
is greater than the proportion of B. Coli to the raw river water. It is known
that the mud in the pipes contains this sewage organism. It is, therefore, a hardy
form and the tests suggest that the mud may be a factor in tiie appearance of
the B. Coli in the Kensington samples.
City Water Bureau Station No. 6 was established in the summer of 1913 at Ann and
Melvale streets, near the Port Richmond graiu elevator, to test quality of the
water in this part of the ward near the river and especially to detect, if possible,
the suspected contamination from the dual pipe connection at the elevator plant.
The results of analyses at this station follows:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1000
2
o
u
M
I
6
O
J?
M
O
QQ
QQ
»
OQ
s
o
QQ
QQ
^
I
+ + + I + +
il
at
S6
I I + I It
« 2 S a 8 a
++ ++ ++ ++ +
+ I + + + + +1 +
S S » «
^ « i
+ I I +
I +
+ I
I I 1
I +
a « s
s «
+ + ++ I + +
+ + 1+ I + +
8 S I s SI a
ti s
^•'••"^■'^■♦'-"-•SrttftfsssVaSaaaa^^^^
Digitized by
Google
1100 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oft. Doc.
In July Station No. 6 samples showed B. Goli present six times out of nine
samples in one cubic centimeter and eight times out of nine in ten cubic centimeters.
This was a slightly worse water than that at Station No. 5 for the same month,
as here x>ut of twenty-two samples nine showed B. Coll in one cubic centimeter and
twenty samples showed B. Coli in ten cubic centimeters. So the water at the two
ends of the ward were practically the same for July.
During August and September samples were not collected at Station No. 5. At
Station No. 6 for August and September they ran along about the same, with a
slight improvement for August.
For October samples were again taken at Station No. 5 and on the same days
they were collected at Station No. 6. On these same dates samples were also
collected at four other special city stations scattered over the Twenty-fifth Ward,
here designated Stations A, B, O and D, and in the following table analytical re-
sults obtained are shown and compared with the results for the same days at Sta-
tions Nos. 5 and 6. No samples were collected by the City in the Twenty -nfth Ward
in October except on these days.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1101
Q
8
CO
El
P
» .
it
i
+++++++
I I l+l 1 +
I
•M-H-f+l
++I+I+I
n
sgiss^gc
OQ
H
I
I+-H-+I +
I I
t I
n
§§SSS«»«
- .00 . ■:= :
g|»£;lf£l
Digitized by
Google
1102
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
21
8
- 1
«•«
3
GO
ad
2:
SUtlon No. 6. Station No. 6.
m
1 ++++++
l+l l+l 1
il
sgssaa-
»
++++I 1++
1 1 ++ 1 1 1 1
Total
Count.
^SS§^|§^
11
'1
PS
ri
©
+I+++++I
1 I+++I+I
1
Total
Count.
Ǥss^ass
'
Tbarnday. 2
Monday, 6,
Wednesday. 8
Friday, 10,
Monday. 12.
Wednewlay. IB.
Friday. 17
Monday. 20.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1103
It is unfortunate that these- samples were not collected every day as then there
would have been a continuity of evidence.
Station A is likely to be fed with water from the Frankford Avenue twelve inch
main and hence be more like Station No. 5 water. The table shows that they did
correspond. At Station No. 5 the Monday samples gave low counts, likewise at
Station A, excepting the 13th, when B. Coll in one cubic centimeter were
present.
Stations B, C, and D would more likely show the water off the thirty inch main
in Lehigh Avenue and the twenty inch main in Richmond Street, influenced by what
might be happening in the locality distributing pipes of the district. Here
again Monday samples were lowest in total count but not in B. Goli. The results
generally correspond to the samples collected other months in the year in the
ward.
Station C and Station No. 6 might represient more nearly the same water, and
it is found that they did so correspond, as shown in the table. Station D which
la nearest No. 6 showed the worst water. The State Department of Health
checked up this Station D. The results were corroborative:
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES AT STATION D.
October 21*t Total 150
Plnko'
Pink a
Pinkl
B. GoU 0
October 22nd Total 80
October 23rd i Total 40
B. CoU2
B. CbU 1
The State Department of Health checked up Station B on October 9th. The total
count in this sample was 300, with two pink colonies and one B. Coli in one
cubic centimeter. The Department also checked up Station No. 6 on October
9th and found no B. Coli present, but the sample contained a total count of 1,500.
On both the 8th and the 10th of October the Water Bureau results showed B. Goli
present with a maximum count of 130 total bactoria.
The State Department of Health also ran a series of tests at Station C in the
month of October. Seventeen samples were collected from October 10th to the
end of the month, nine of these samples showing the presence of B. Coli, the actual
counts for this sewage organism ranging from one to four. The results are given
in the following table:
STATB DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLBOTBD AT CITY WATER
BtTREAU STATION C— TWENTY-FIFTH WARD— RICHMOND AVENUE AND LBHIOH
STREET.
IdlS.
October.
Bacteria per c. c.
Total.
Pink Colonies.
B. CJoll.
IQ
400
160
400
80
250
700
700
0
11
0
12
1
18 !.!!.!..
1
15*
1
1«
%
17 :::::::::
4
IS
60O
0
19
IfiO
160
100
80
80
40
86
42
12
J
J
0
1
30
1
24* .
1
25
0
27*
A
28
0
g :::.;:....::.....:...... :. ::....:.....
0
m
1
g :::;::.:;*;;;. ...::*..;:!;....i::..;ii:. ...;*.'..
0
70
Digitized by
Google
1104
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Summarizing the Twenty-fifth Ward analyses, it will be noted from the follow-
ing table that, on an average, one out of every two samples show B. Coli present
in one cubic centimeter. In the Forty-fifth Ward the ratio was one to three.
TWENTY-PIPTH WARD SAMPLES— SUMMARY FOR 1913— MONTHS WHEN B. COLI DETEB-
MINATIONS WERE MADE.
6o-
Stations.
No. 5
No. 6,
B^ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
C
D
Totals.
M
16
1
S
u
6
In the Twenty-fifth Ward typhoid fever has been distributed for 1913 as appears
in the table following. There was a total of fifty-five cases from January to October.
inclusivie, with the origin accounted for in fourteen cases, leaving forty-one un-
determined cases. Taking out two groups, one in the north central part near
Frankford Avenue, and the other in the southern part near EMgemont and Clear-
field Streets, the remaining cases are pretty well distributed throughout the Ward,
and are mostly of determined origin.
TWENTY-FIFTH WARD TYPHOID FEVER CASES— 1913.
Month.
Jannary.
February,
Marcb, ...
Anril
May
June, . . . .
July
Aopist. . .
September.
October, .
Total,
I
0
1
1 .
4:
8
U
9
1l
Origliu
I
1
66
Four cases were secondary and four were imported. Three worked at the Cramp
ship-yards and could get raw water for drinking or used it about the yards, and
to this cause their infection is attributed. One was a city salesman who went
all about Philadelphia, another travelled on the river steam boats where raw
river water was furnished and another handled soiled clothing in a laundry. This
makes a total of fourteen accounted for in this manner.
In the Edgemont-Clearfield group there were seventeen cases as follows: five
on Til ton Street, three on Mercer Street, two on Richmond Street, two on Salmon
Street and one each on Ann, Thompson, Almond, Toronto and Edgemont Streets.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1106
The onsets on Til ton Street, and the addresses were as follows:
No. 3136 June 20th.
No. 3136 June 23rd.
No. 3133 July 22nd.
No. 3126 Aug. loth.
No. 3060 Aug. 27th.
The housing conditions are bad here especially in the back alleys with respect
to disposal of kitchen drainage, offal « and wash water. The outbreak is con-
sidered a neighborhood one and due to insanitary conditions.
The Mercer Street cases may have been contact cases ; one of them was secondary .
Their onsets were:
3140 Mercer St.» June 16th.
3140 Mercer St., June 28th.
3038 Mercer St., July 14th.
One of the Richmond Street cases was imported— the patient being a city sales-
man onset May 10th. The other was on July 12th, a young man seventeen years
old, origin unknown.
One of the Salmon Street cases was secondary. The first onset was May 10th.
He was a driver for a department store down town. There were quite a number
of typhoid cases in the store and he may have been a contact. He was one of
the primary cases in the group.
The onsets of the remaining cases were as follows:
2743 Ann St., May 8th.
3054 Thompson St. May Uth.
3042 Almont St., May 13th.— Imported.
2834 Toronto St., Aug. 9th.
2080 Edgemont St Sept. 7th.
On January 6th and on April 11th, the big mains in Lehigh Avenue east and
Kensington Avenue north, respectively were put in commission after having been
out of service one year and three months respectively because of grade crossing
work under the Philadelphia and Reading Railway and the relaying of these pipe
lines. Hypochlorite of lime was applied in the thirty inch Kensington main, but
not in the thirty inch Lehigh main which had lain out on the street surface for a
year. The water in this pipe flowed toward the groups mentioned. Furthermore,
between Lehigh Avenue and Somerset Street, in Belgrade— between April 1st and
May 1st— new pipe was laid in connection with grade crossing work . This pipe was
exposed to pollution from two cases of typhoid fever; one on Belgrade Street and
the other on Seltzer Street, the onsets being April 26th and March 20th respectively.
The housing conditions were bad—privies in the back yard and house and surface
drainage going to the street gutters. When the pipe was put in commission
May Ist the now was toward the group mentioned first, and may have provided a
source of infection for some of the cases.
On May 19th to 2l8t new pipe was laid in Auburn Street between Salmon and
Thompson Streets. The surface drainage from back alleys was almost sure to
have contaminated the pipes before they were put in the trench. The flow here
was toward the first group.
The cases in the other group near Frankford Avenue were as follows, the
determinations as to origin being unsatisfactory because of paucity of data :
AprU s.
April at,
June 2ft.
Jane 8.
July 2.
Aug. U.
Sept. 15.
Sept »,
SepL 27,
2120 B. Monmouth St.,
2a02 Belmore St..
1928 B. Monmouth St..
2062 E. Ann St
2010 B. Orleans St., ..
IMl B. Cambria St.,
208S E. Orleans St.. ..
2072 B. Stella St
«72 B. Stella St
0 I School.
2 I Home.
21 I Mason.
2S Wife.
0 < Rcboo!.
17 I Factory.
19 TpI. operator, ,
7 , Home.
6 ' Home.
Imported.
None of the cases in the ward has been reinspected. The original work was
very poorly done. Undoubtedly evidence could have been secured upon which to
base a reliable conclusion as to the origin of some of the cases, had more care
been ezercised.
70—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1108 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
No Buspicion is attached to the milk in the ward, nor to school contact. The
fifty cases were distributed among eighteen milk dealers. When a typhoid fever
case is reported by the attending physician the City Board of Health placards
the premises and at once notifies the milk dealers who are not permitted to take
away any bottle or container from the premises. The milk must be delivered to
the house in a bottle, these bottles accumulating until the house has been disin-
fected and the placard removed. If the bottles are not properly cleaned before
used again they might be the origin of other cases. Harbison is the great mUk
dealer in the Twenty-fifth Ward and has one of the most modern plants for
handling milk in the city. He had eighteen cases, Scheeber had five, O'Neil had
five and Lutz had three. The remaining cases got milk from many different dealers.
There were fifteen scholars having typhoid, six of them with onsets in the vaca-
tion period. One was an import, one was a Delaware River victim, and two were
secondaries. Two each attended the Powers, McClelland, and HoUowell Schools.
The others went each to a different school.
There is nothing very satisfactory in attempting to study these cases for origin,
because of lack of sufiicient data. In the neighborhoods where the sanitary condi-
tions are bad and the back alley drainage can hardly be avoided, and the season
sends the children out in the street gutters and alleys to play, and the adults
to the river for bathing, boating, or sailing, and about to different parks, it would
be surprising indeed if the local water supply were the only agency operating to
spread the disease through dirinking it. It is believed that, especially in the cases
in the groups, more careful inspection would have eliminated a number of the un-
determined origins.
One conclusion can be reached at this time, namely, that if the water in the
street pipes has caused any of the typhoid, the pollution must have entered either
through dual connections or by means of contamination of the pipes before they
were laid this season and put in commission, else the infection lies dormant in
the mud.
There was a known dual connection at the Bneder-Adamson Glue Works. The
drilled well supply here was analyzed and found to contain B. Coli and the City
Board of Health condemned the well early in October. At that time the city
water had been cut off. but no typhoid is known to have existed among the 4^
employees who had this water to drink, or who would have used city water
mixed with this well water, and hence this fact rather argues against the proposi-
tion that the typhoid in the Twrnty-lifth Ward originated from this source.
The probable menace due to neglect of cleansing and disinfecting of the water
pipes before they were laid in the trench has been referred to and there was a
possible pollution, which has not been definitely traced out, at Belgrade and
Seltzer Streets, and at Lehigh and Kensington Avenues.
If the city water had nothinja: to do with the Twenty-fifth Ward typhoid then
other causes, such as milk and foodstuffs and neighborhood contact were probably
the agencies, but definite conclusions with respect to this phase cannot be drawn
because of insnfllcient data.
There remains to be considered for the Upper Kensington District the lower
part of the Thirty-third Ward, where reside, in the water district, 35.000 per-
sons. This district is fed by a thirty -six inch main in Allegheny Avenue, charged
with fresh Lardner's Point water from the forty-eight inch main at Emerald Street.
This main parallels the forty-eight inch main previously mentioned as being tapped
at Frankford to supply the Forty -fifth and Twenty-fifth Wards and tapped by
the thirty inch I^high and Kensington Avenue main. Therefore, the Thirty-third
Ward water district gets the same kind of water that is supplied to the Twenty-
fifth and Forty-fifth Wards. Below are given the data relative to water tests in
this part of the Thirty-third Ward. There were only three city sampling stations
here, maintained for a short time in October. The State Health Department did
not check up at these stations.
Out of the seventeen samples analyzed by the city between October 16th and
20th inclusive, two only showed B. Ooli present in one cubic centimeter. Both
of these samples were high in total count. They occurred on Wednesday and Fri-
day, October 8th and 10th, rospeotively . These results are interpreted as show-
ing that the water supplied to the district corresnonds very closely with the water
at liardner's Point. Many of the mains are old and the sediment might account
for the two times the bacteria ran high and B. Coli were present:
Digitized by
Google
No, 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1107
CITY WATER BUREAU ANALYSES OP SAMPLES IN THE THIRTY-THIRD WARD OP
WATER FROM LARDNER'S POINT, COLLECTED AT STATIONS A, B, C— OCTOBER. 1918.
Station A.
1 Station B.
SUtion C
Date.
CambrU and Front. Lehlffb and Mascher.
Kenslnffton and Somerset
Total
Ooont.
B. Coll.
Total
Connt.
B. CoU.
Total
Oonnt.
B. CtolL
Ice
10 c c
Ice
10 c c
Ice
10 c c
October 2,
IS
46
—
+
50
S80
UO '
u
SI
4a
u
t
±
40
21
24
80
27
86
66
-
October e
+
October 8
October 10
» , -
t
October IS
1
^ i i
October 16
+
October 17,
October 20
1
On the north side of Allegheny Avenue in the Thirty-third Ward where Wentz
Farm water is supplied, out of n total of twenty-five samples, twenty-two of
which were collected by the State Health Department, one only showed B. Coli.
In the Forty-seventh Ward, where Oak Lane water is supplied, out of twenty-
three samples collected in October, two only showed B. Coli present, hence tie
conclusion is that for October the water was comparatively good, and if tils is
representative, then in the other months in the year the water was as good in
the Thirty-third Ward District as at T^rdner's Point, and if this was so then
the typhoid must be accounted for in some other way than by the city water.
It should be emphasized that this part of the Thirty-third Ward is a sub-
district all by itself, so far as the distribution of the water is concerned, and
would not likely be affected by any happenings in the small distributing pipes of
the Forty-fifth or Twenty-fifth Wards, or any other Wards.
There were twenty -six cases of typhoid fever among the 35,000 peraons in the
Thirty-third Ward water district. Sixteen of these could be accounted for without
making a recanvass and doubtless more origins could have been determined if
more careful data had been obtained. This is a gratifying showing and clears
the water of much suspidon.
Digitized by
Google
1106
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
2
m
Q
QQ
a
P
<
H
g
!
O
a ;iiihas^ahsaaa»«aash^fc M»«.Mfch
ti '«3g3«''S*??«««'«JS;^l3aJ5- ««»S*8rt
»4 tij»^'H5w««M^^Ki««HhH^*Srttd ij'^'cu'wps^isi;
^" **ef^f:f!assa!9
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1109
In the next table are griven the cases by months, sixteen accounted for and ten
nndetermined, five occurring in the vacation months, which is significant. Re-
inspections might have cleared up more of the cases.
8UMMART OF TYPHOID FEVER OASES IN THAT PART OF THE THIRTY-THIRD WARD
WITHIN THE UPPER KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT— 1913.
Month.
Jannaiy. .
February.
Mareh, ...
iSSt- .::::
June,
July.
AUffUSt. ..
September,
October, .
Cases.
Accounted for.
Undetermined.
0
1
10
SUMMARY OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE UPPER KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT
FOR 1M8. FROM JANUARY TO OCTOBER. INCLUSIVE.
Total cases.
Accounted for.
Undetermined.
Ward.
Total.
Percentage.
46
25
a3
2S
56
2ft
12
14
16
11
41
10
4.
75
In the Twenty-fifth Ward, where the percentage of undertermined origins is
high, is where the polluted water has been found in the mains. This is significant
and directs suspicion particularly to this ward and warrants an investigation at all
of the factories and mills there to find possible dual connections. Possibly the cases
of unknown origin might be reduced by re-canvassing.
SUMMARY OF WATER SAMPLE ANALYSES IN THE UPPER KENSINGTON WATER
DISTRICT FROM RBSUI/TS OF CITY AND STATE EXAMINATIONS— 1913.
District.
4Stli Ward:
Brldesburg,
Frankford Junction,
Fort Richmond, ....
26tta Ward
83rd Ward,
ToUIs ,
Number
samples.
Average.
Total count.
Times B.
Coll present.
84
101
37
158
17
110
12
82
14
172
17 to 15S
68
1S8
17
93 to 191
57
75
2
847
185
Ratio.
1 : 8
Digitized by
Google
1110 EIGHTH ANNUAL UEPORT'OF THE Off. Doc.
On the bases of this water summary the origin of more of the typhoid fever cases
should be accounted for in the Thirty-third Ward than in the other wards from
causes other than the public water.
A study was undertaken of the circulation of the water in the distributing mains
in which were considered the fluctuation in the daily output of the Torresdale fil-
ters and the daily pumpage at Lardner's Point to determine if there are any par-
ticularly high days which would be accompanied by high velocities in the pipe
and stirring up of the mud with any consequent effect that might follow, as to the
quality of the water. This involved a detailed study of the facts relative to the
output of the water at the filter plants, the pumping records at Lardner's Point
Station, the uses on various days of the water in the sub-districts and the rela-
tion of the above to the quality of the water as indicated by the results of analyses
of samples collected throughout the sub-districts as well as at the pumping station
and filter plants. Also the bearing of the known or suspected dual connections to
this phase of the problem was looked into. The detailed discussion need not be
set forth here but the conclusions reached are pertinent.
The conclusions relative to the contaminating influences in the Upper Kensington
water district are, that the causes of contamination are leas active on Sunday
and possibly the first part of the week than the latter part. At least, the bac-
terial evidence is much more abundant in samples collected on Wednesdays.
Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. These influences do not operate, so far as they
can be detected by the evidence at hand, in the Wentz Farm reservoir district.
The quality of the water is uniform at Torresdale and Lardner's Point as previously
described. It becomes contaminated in the pipes in the Upper Kensington Dis-
trict. The contamination has been greater during the year 1913 at City Station
No. 5 in the Twenty-fifth Ward than during 1912 or 1911. Furthermore, the con-
tamination increases in May and the indications are that it drops off in November.
This seasonable disturbance is probably due to activities in construction work
The changes and improvements and extensions in the distributing pipe system,
the increased consumption of water and the accompanying stirring up of the mud
in the pipes, would cause this seasonal increased contamination, and the daily
increase progressively during the week. It is not known that at any dual con-
nection the contamination would have occurred more on one day than on another.
The flow back into the city mains would depend on water pressure which is
usually higher at nights in the city mains and lower in the day time, and lower
during the forenoons and especially on Mondays. This fact would tend to make
Tuesday water in the pipes more contaminated and it would appear Wednesdays
or later in the week rather than in the Monday samples. On Sundays during the
day-time the pressure is at its height.
There are a great many roof water tanks at the various manufacturing plants,
open to the atmosphere, in which city water is stored and here it may deteriorate
and flow back through leaky pipes into the city pipes. The employees at such
places would be the first to get this water to drink. It would not cause typhoid
and we have no outbreaks of such a kind, but such water might add B. Coli
to the city water.
CONCLUSIONS RELATIVE TO WATER AND TYPHOID IN THE UPPER KENSINGTON
DISTRICT.
In the Forty-fifth Ward just below Frankford, the city water becomes different
and undesirable for a filtered water. No such water is found in the Frankford
district. One out of every three samples analyzed showed B. Coli present in one
cubic centimeter during the year 1913. The sudden change in water quality w
suspected of having been due to sediment in the old pipes and to dual connections
that were known and severed and to unknown dual connections. Certainly there
are influences at work in the pipe system that are not at work, to a substantial de-
gree, in the Frankford district above or at Lardner's Point Station. Typhoid also
increased here.
In the Twenty-fifth Ward the water is even worse. This is the territory next
south. One out of every two samples collected this year showed B. Coli present
in one cubic centimeter and the typhoid rates were the highest. Housing condi-
tions are bad. Insanitary backyards and alleys abound. Typhoid appeared in
neighborhood groups. Grade-crossing work was in progress and water pipe before
being laid was exposed to typhoid infection from surface drainage at nearby houses
There was this menace due to lack of cleansinf? and disinfecting of water pipes
before thev were laid in the trenches that did not obtain in the Forty-fifth Ward.
In the Thirty-third Ward the city water comes in more nearly fresh from
Lardner's Point pumping station. Hore one out of eight samples only showed
B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter so far as the examinations extended in
1913. Conseciuently, if the city water were the medium of spreading typhoid, there
should be less tj'phoid in the Thirty-third Ward than in the Twent>*-fifth and
Forty-fifth Wards. There were twenty-six cases and we can account for sixteen
of them. In the Twenty-fifth Ward, there were fifty-five cases and we can account
for but fourteen. In the Forty-fifth Ward there were twenty-three cases and we
can account for twelve of them. To be sure the data are meagre and the cases
have not been re-inspected, but it may be significant that where the city water
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
nil
analyzed worst /there we have seven ty-iive per cent, of the cases undetermined as to
origin, and where the water was better, the percentage is forty -eight and where
the water was comparatively good, the percentage drops to thirty-eight.
These three wards have been supplied with water for the last six years in sub-
stantially the same manner that they are supplied today, and the following three
tables may throw some light on the transmission of typhoid by water for this
period.
TYPHOID PEVBR CASES IN THE FORTY-FIPTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
26.000.
POPULATION
i
Month. i 1908
I
1
1909 ' 1910
1
1
1911
1912
1918
JADQtry,
February,
March,
6 ' 6
2 PF. 1 4
J 1 ?
0 1 2
1 ' 1
2 i 1
S 1 2 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
0 Ume.
1 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
1 Lime.
3 Lime.
1 Lime.
4 Lime.
0 Lime.
6 Lime.
8 Lime.
8 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime
Aorll
2 Lime
}&.• .::.::::....
Jmie,
July
Aagnat,
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
8 Lime.
3 Lime
September
October,
8 Lime.
1 lime
November
December,
Total*
2S
1» 1 12
7
25
28
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE TWRNTY-PIFTn WARD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULATION
48,000.
The preliminary filters at Torresdale were started in February, 1909, and they
have been operated ever since. The city water was improved by them but this
did not make much difference in the typhoid cases in the Forty-fifth Ward. There
were about as many cases of typhoid fever for the year 1909 as for the year pre-
vious and also for the year 1910. In December, 1910, hypochlorite of lime was
applied to the filtered water and continued until May, 1911, when it was discon-
tinued until December of that year. This application was accompanied by a marked
reduction in typhoid in the Forty-fifth Ward for the year 1911. Typhoid in 1912
and 1913 equalled or exceeded that of any of the other years, although hypochlorite
of lime was used continuously. We conclude therefore, that the sand filters,
rather than the preliminary filters, have kept the typhoid down in the Forty-fifth
Ward and that hypochlorite of lime has also been an agency, the value of which
for the years 1912 and 1913, is obscured because of typhoid appearing in the Forty-
fifth Ward from causes other than city water. This does not necessarily mean that
the city water is relieved of suspicion but the other causes of typhoid were more
effective for these last two years.
For the Twenty-fifth Ward, the preliminary filters apparently did not reduce
typhoid because there were many more cases in the years 1909 and 1910, when pre-
filters were in use, than in 1908. before they w^ere put in commission. There was a
remarkable diminution jn typhoid d'.ring the years 1911 in the Twenty-fifth Ward
Digitized by
Google
1112
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
the same as in the Forty-fifth Ward, following the application of hypochlorite of
lime, but tiie rates increased materially for the years 1912 and 1913. The 1913
cases were summer typhoid mostly. Hypochlorite of lime was used constantly.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-THIRD WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
62,000.
POPULATION
Month. 1908
1909
1910
14
1 Lime.
1911
1
1912 1 1913
1
January 6
February 5
March, 7
39
8 PF.
3
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
OUme.
2
1
1
6
7
6
1
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
3 Lime.
1 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
6 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
8 Lime.
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
3 Lime.
April 3
1 Lime.
May 1 S F.
June ' 6
2 Ume.
4 Lime.
July 1 5
10 Lime.
Au^st, 1 6
6 Lime.
September, 6
October i 6
Noyember 1 2
December, ^ 6
6 Lime.
3 Lime.
Total ' 60
85
«
»
22
38
The Thirty-third Ward is supplied with Torresdale filtered water, 17,000 persons
getting it from Wentz Farm reservoir and 35,000 persons getting it direct in the
Kensington district. It will be noted that there were ninety-nine cases in the
thirteen months before the preliminary filters were used and sixty-two cases In the
thirteen months following the putting of these preliminary filters into commis-
sion. Hence they probably did reduce typhoid fever in the Thirty-third Ward. The
biggest drop however came after hypochlorite of lime was continuously used, but
the year 1913 has recorded as many cases as the year 1910, when no hypochlorite
of lime was used. This indicates that the hypochlorite of lime is not a sufficient
barrier to the transmission of infection in the filtered water or it points to an
infection of the water in the ward or to other causes as the origin. The following
is a tabulation of the typhoid cases in the Upper Kensington water district 1^
months:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE PORTY-FIPTH, TWENTY-FIFTH AND THIRTY-THIRD
WARDS, UPPER KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT, FOR THE YEAR 1918. POPULATION
104.000.
ti
g
b
1
i
1
i
i
<
!
j
i
Total casffl
i «
1 •
5
3
3
•
:;
12'
'1
111
24!
17
9;
1
1M
Unaccounted for, ....
O
It was then a summer outbreak in this district, and it occurred during the
months that the filtered water was supposed to be good. In the Lardner's Point
pumping station samples B. Coli in one cubic centimeter were not found during the
years 1913, except on January 2nd, August 22nd, and September 24th; but in
ten cubic centimeters they were present: January 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 28th, and 29th:
February 4th; April 21at; July 2nd, 11th, 16th, 19th; August 16th, 19th, 21st,
22nd; September 4th, 5th, 6th. 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 16th, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 29th:
Bod October 3rd, 8th, 9th, 16th, and 28th, respectively.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1113
Perhaps this can better be expressed in a table:
DATES ON WHICH BACTERIA AND TURBIDITY APPEARED AT TORKBSDALB AND
IJIUDNBR'S POINT-SHOWING PERIODS OF POSSIBLE INEFFICIENT FILTRATION FOR
1»18.
Torreadale Filtered Water Basin.
Lardner*8 Point.
Montb.
B. Coll.
B. Coll.
icc.
10 CO.
Tnrbldlty.
Ice.
10 cc.
January,
2
2.ft.9-2S
1-2-4-5-6
S-4-6-6-2^23-30-81
1-2-18-19-30
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
22
24
0
2.8^.2^.29
Febmarj
OjO
4i24
01 0
0 0
Oi 0
O' 1-9
0 1 21-22-28
28 1-4-7-10-11-14-28
5 &.9-1E-2A
i
March,
Aorll
21
mSj. ..!!.:;;!.:.!.!
0
Jun6,
0
July,
2-11-16-19
ApgiMt, ^ -,-...,., ,
16-19-21-22
October,
4-5-6-8-9-10-12-16-
28-24-26-29
3-8-9-16-28
So bad water may have passed the filters and Lardner's Point the first week
in January and during the nrst week and last week in March and during the first
two days of April, the middle of April and the last of April, but not during May
or June if we rely upon the meagre bacterial data before us. However, May
and June were the months when typhoid broke out although there were a few
cases in February, March and April in the Middle Kensington District. In July
when most of the typhoid occurred for any one month the city water was not tur-
bid, did not contain B. Coll in one cubic centimeter in the samples analyzed but
did in ten cubic centimeters in six samples only. In August the next highest
month from the 16th to the 23rd B. Coli appeared in ten cubic centimeters at I^ard-
ner's Point and, in one cubic centimeter on the 22nd, so some bad water may have
passed through to the district. The worst water came the last third of September
and the first third of October when the typhoid cases dropped off. So this would
lead to the conclusion that any typhoid caused by imperfectly treated water was
obscured by the typhoid which came from other causes.
SUMMARY OF TYPHOID FKVKR CASES WHOSE ORIGIN IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE
UPPER KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT FOR THE YEAR 1913.
Class. Ward 46.
Imported 3
Ihinkl&K raw river water, 2
Contact 6
S<^condary, 0
River boat 1
Rkw oysters 1
laundry 0
Wading in sewage 0
Pretzels. 0
Totals 12
Ward 26
WardSS
Total.
11
19
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
16
Perhaps re-inspections might have accounted for more of the cases. The following
circular was issued by Dr. Cairns, Chief Medical Inspector of the City Board
of Health, to the field medical inspectors. It explains the difficulties under which
the State Department of Health has labored in gathering data relative to typhoid:
"Philadelphia, Monday, October 6, 1913.
**To all Medical Inspectors:
"Mr. Vogelson has informed me that the State Department of Health, in going
over the Medical Inspectors' reports on typhoid fever, has found that all the ques-
tions asked on the reports have not been fully or properly answered, and in a great
number of cases no attempt has been made by the Medical Inspector to ascertain
the cause of the infection— for this reason the State Department of Health has
been unable to properly tabulate those cases and has orered to send the State De-
partment Medical Inspectors in the field to go over those cases and get the re-
quired data. This Department does not care to accept this offer as it would place
Digitized by
Google
1114 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
us in a very embarrassing position. We already have a corps of Medical Inspectorr
and to accept would place us in a position of having Medical Inspectors who were
either incompetent to do this work or who purposely handle the cases in a very care-
less manner.
"The typhoid fever situation this year is a very grave one and something scien-
tific must be done to show the cause of the typhoid fever epidemic and to abate
the same. The State investigators are unable to make a scientific investigation
on account of insufiicient data on your reports, and I do not doubt this data could
be readily obtained if the State Department of Health places its Medical In-
spectors in the field.
"You have been requested so many times to place all your energy in this work
and make thorough investigation of every case with a view of fixing the cause of the
infection .
"This inquiry should be made in regard to: Vacation periods; bathing or boating
in any river or stream; going on picnics or river excursions.
"In cases living outside of infected districts: Has case been working or visiting
in the infected district?
"The State Department has asked the following:
"Why is so much typhoid fever mostly among school children?
"On a great number of your reports on those cases you have failed to give the
names and locations of the school which child attended, and this, in the cases of
all school children should be carefully filled in on the blank.
"What is the typhoid fever history of associates?
"What is the typhoid fever history of school attended?
"What does a school child do differently from other members of family who do
not get typhoid?
"In all cases of typhoid fever the Medical Inspector must give his conception
of the infection. This is not to be given in an off-handed manner, but after
complete investigation on the part of the Medical Inspector, and on which he should
be able to fix the cause.
"We would regret very much to be obliged to request or accept any outside assist-
ance in obtaining the required data, and if any Medical Inspector feels that he
should receive other instructions from me as to how to handle these cases, he should
make an appointment any day to see me in this office at twelve o'clock M., and
I will give him as much time as is needed to instruct him.
"Medical Inspectors will be held strictly accountable for the proper investiga-
tion and the proper fiUing out of all data called for on the subject, irrespective of
the time or place or how the same is obtained. No excuse will be accepted for
failure to obtain full data.
"In all cases, irrespective of what the disease may be, the Medical Inspectors
report must be completely filled up and questions intelligently answered. Informa-
tion should be obtained from some reliable persons, and any information that can-
not be substantiated by the Medical Inspector must be further investigated and its
correctness ascertained, and in all cases it is the duty of the Medical Inspector to
ascertain and give the cause of infection. On the end of the report blank the Medi-
cal Inspector must write the conception of infection, and if the report is not
complete the Medical Inspector will be summoned to this ofiice to make the needed
corrections.
"A. A. CAIRNS, M. D..
"Chief Medical Inspector."
MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT.
The entire Thirty-first, Eighteenth, Seventeenth, Sixteenth Wards, most of the
Nineteenth Ward, and a part of the Twentieth Ward comprise the Middle Section
of the Kensington Water District.
The Thirty-first Ward has a population of 31,000. It lies south of the Twenty-
fifth Ward but does not extend to the river, the river frontage being in the Eigh-
teenth Ward. The north boundary is Lehigh Avenue, in which is laid a thirty
inch main, an old pipe receiving water from the old thirty inch main up Kensinic-
ton Avenue, that is charged by the new forty -eight inch steel pipe from Iiardner's
Point. Near the southern boundary of the ward in Susquehanna Avenue is an old
thirty inch main which is fed by the I^ehigh Avenue main through a cross conn«v
tion, thirty -six inches in diameter, in Third Street, in the Nineteenth Ward. The
old twelve inch main in Frankford Road, which passes southerly through the heart
of the Thirty -first Ward, is also fed off the Lehigh Avenue main, and there are
sub-mains ninnine north and south between Lehierh and Susquehanna Avenues, in
the Thirty-first Ward on Amber, Tulip, and Gaul Streets, so that the water
furnished to this ward comes primarily from the forty-eight inch steel main of the
Lardner's Point pumping station and passes through the old thirty inch Kensington
Avenue main, and the other old mains before it reaches the consumers. Many
of the distributing pipes have been down since the days of the Kensington Avenue
reservoir and Delaware pumping works at tho foot of Susquehanna Avenue.
In the centre of Kensington on the ward line between the Thirty-first and the
Nineteenth Wards, at the corner of Front Street and Kensington Avenue, is 8ampl<*
station No. 8 of the City Water Bureau which hns been operated for the last
three years. In the following table is given a brief and comparative statement of the
results:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
II15
0
>
o
H
O
Z
14
Q
;?;
u
H
Z
o
1
6
z
z
o
I
H
GQ
o
Pj
•nop 'a Mj ua^B^
BdlOinvs jro jaqcDDM
111
'0 -0 01
•a '0 X
-•
■uinraiaiK
3
'mntaixBH
&
'dSUdAY
saidoiBS JO jaqaznjii
5«|
■a -D 01
5
3
'maafuiH
'mnniizvjf
'aS«i9Ay
•noo -a joj vaim
saidoivs JO
aaqmn^
111
■a -3 n
S
6
I
'nnmiTniH
tnamizBjt
'oSwaAy
OOC^OOkNTHMtDO
^^U"
«-««a*sa*aa : ••
SliillliSi
«b C~ 00 A a» 00 O t« 00 A 00 M
o«^oeou»o<
ee^oigc9^eoo^k^
00 «D o» 00 o 00 ai o» ^• e» A e»
M »-l O O r-l « C4 to '«"«■ lO e<
H o o oo o tH 00 e« 00 M iH
Q 00 «e 00 O O O O '4' O o
ssss^sss
e8!^s;sgs;i§gsgg
S«^;1<3^;;^gSS;S&8
'I is
S|4s
Digitized by
Google
1116 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Otf. Doc
It will be observed that the water was about the same for the years .1911 and
1912. B. Coli in one cubic centimeter were present twelve times out of ninety-nine
samples in 1911 and ten times out of one hundred samples in 1912. The averai:e
total counts were slightly higher for 1912. The maxima were a good deal higher.
This station is not off a large main but represents the water in the small distribut-
ing pipes.
There was a marked increase in total count beginning in March of 1913, keeping
up throughout the rest of the season. In May B. Coli began to appear very fre
quently, increasing in June, continuing through July and August, and disappearing
entirely in October. Something unusual happened from May to August indusiTe.
Beginning May 11th, 1913, at Station No. 8, the samples were taken seven dajs
out of the week up to October, although in this time some Sundays were missed
Prior to May 11th and after October Ist the samples were collected on Mondays.
Wednesdays and Saturdays. B. Coli determinations were started in 1911 and have
been kept up ever since.
In the following table, in order to study more carefully what happened at this
station during 1913, for the purpose of finding the cause of the disturbance, are
given the total counts up to the time that the samples were collected daily. B. Coli
determinations are omitted for the first four months of the year, because they were
present in one cubic centimeter only on five days, up to May 1st.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1117
2
S
O
p
Q
O
o
H
QQ
O
I
3
»
O
so
m
O
QQ
s
p
»
n
•0 -a 01
I M ih i+i+l :+:+:+ Ml :+:+::• i+i'
•a -D t
H M Ml h :!• i' h ! 1' ii ;i h' :' i'
•jonoo vnojs
! ! : : :S !§ jS i !- j^ :e : :8 j| M : :« :te :S
1
n
•a -a 01
:++ 1 ++ :++++++ :++ 1 + 1 + :++++ 1 + :++ j
•0 D I
:++l I 1 ll + l + l+h 1 I++I :| 1 M 1 1 :M i
*)11tl03 l»JOi*
:sS|Sc:!$ :^^^I^S3S :P2$SS§| :S9S]^^n$ j^S :
1
n
•a 0 01
•D •» I
1 l + l + l-H-+:| 1 1 l + l :|-H-+I+:| 1 1 + 1+ j
*)niio9 i«)ox
agxaggigga p8S«g| |S|8|sg i^^sasss :
i
n
•0 -Dox
l + l :++++! I + I+++I 1 I++I+++++I 1 1 1 +
•a -a I
1 + 1 •:++ 1 + 1 1 + 1 +++ 1 1 1 ++ 1 ++ I 1 1 1 1 II 1
*)nii03 i«)ox
7\n^ :Sg^S888»9$S9i$9|gS|SSS:iSSSia»^S8
i
i
n
•a a ot
+ 1 ++++++++++ II + 1 ++++++ 1 ++ 1 II ++ i
•a -a I
Xiiiiii, |i|iiii|_|iiiiiiiiiiiiii !
S«i§2§ll'S5«§JS?;2|S§S|SS||;j|SSSFJ8!SS3
•)aaod pnoji
i
n
•a -a 01
i i i !+++ i ! M N ++++++++ 1 II 1 + 1 ++++
•a ax
i i i !+++: i ji 1 1 II I + II++1 1 II 1 1 + I++
•JUIHK) TOOX
:S : :'^i§ :§ :S2S-I^SSg||||-3-^8g|5?gri
3
•IRdV
jgj :8 1 :i3 :| jg l^ js jsgg j :g :| jg : :g || j
•qowH
: :a :3 |S : :g :?2 :g : :S :« | : : :§ :§ :J8 : :g
: :« :* :^ : :SJ : : :| : :^ r'- :S : :S :" :S : 7 :
•-^ainuqaj
'^jvnovf
: :« : j8 :S jS : :S fS :S : :« :'- :jg : :$ :8 :?>
1
'I9a
^'«-«Vu,-«V-oo-*^*j.-^-„*;5V«V-ao«^^
Digitized by
Google
1118 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
Something happened the first week in May, followed by a week of good water.
In the third week, the total count and B. Coli rose again followed by a week of
good water. The last few days the counts went up and the B. Coli appeared.
The first few days in June, the total bacteria were high, but they were not ac-
companied with B. Coli. Then there was nearly a week when B. Coli were
present and the rest of the month there were low counts and no B. Coli, inter-
spersed with batches of bad water, containing B. Coli and high total counts. This
is what happened during July, August, and September.
Whatever the pollution, it had passed out of the water before October, no B. Coli
being present, although the total count ran up high on two days.
During 1911, with samples collected on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays only,
Fridays were highest in total counts eighteen times, Monday sixteen times and
Wednesday eleven times. B. Coli determinations were made on Mondays ami
Wednesdays, but none on Fridays, B. Coli appearing nine times on Mondays and
three times on Wednesday's.
During 1912 at this Station No. 8, the seasonal disturbances in the water dis-
trict began to manifest themselves. The total counts were highest on nineteen
Wednesdays and nineteen Fridays, and on six Mondays, these Wednesdays and
Fridays occurring mostly from May to August inclusive. Furthermore, the B. Coli
appeared only during April, May, June, and July on Wednesdays, Fridays not
being determined.
At Station No. 8 for 1913 B. Coli determinations were made from January to
May nth, and during this period Wednesdays were highest in total count seven
times, Fridays six times and Mondays five times. The B. Coli in one cubic centi-
meter were present two times on Wednesdays and two times on Mondays, and
once on Friday. Up to this time from the beginning of 1911 it is probable that the
poorer water at Station No. 8 occurred during the latter half of the week, although
Mondays were not low judging from the meagre B. Coli date.
But beginning May 11th, 1913, samples were collected seven days in the week,
with a few Sundays excepted , up to October (twenty weeks) . This was a real test
and during this period the great seasonal disturbances were manifest. Saturdays
were the high days in total counts and in B. Coli. On eight times Saturday was
high, Wednesday four times, Tuesday three times, Sunday three times, Friday two
times, and Monday and Thursday no time. B. Coli in one cubic centimeter, were
present eleven times on Saturday, ten times on Wednesday, nine times on Sunday,
eight times on Tuesday, five times on Friday and four times on Thursday, and bat
once on Monday. The significant thing is that Monday, throughout this test of
twenty weeks, cfomprising the period of greatest disturbance in the mains, was
uniformly low and the lowest of all seven days in the week for total count or B. Coli.
It should be remembered that the samples were collected early Monday forenoon.
These samples reflected more the Sunday water in the pipes than otherwise, it is
believed, and the results are interpreted to mean that the contaminating influences
were less active or ceased on Sunday and began anew and increased as the week
progressed .
In the centre of the Thirty-first Ward, at the comer of Cumberland and Sepviva
Streets, there is a sampling station No. 11, which has been maintained for three
years by the city. No B. Coli determinations were made here for 1911 or 1912,
nor in 1913 up to May 11th. From May 11th to October Ist the samples were col-
lected seven days in the week, with a few Sundays excepted. For October the
samples were again collected on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays the same as
they had been prior to May 11th, but with this exception, that B. Coli detennma-
tions were made. In the following table is given a brief summation of the re-
sults:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
II19
"
No. of
Samples
Taken for
B. CoU.
— \ 7 7
:s3SS^^9 : j
:;3StSlS3S;^ : :
<
:«a«»9S^ : :
>
GQ
4J
3
6
1
d
H
lAudieu
r
>«.i^^«»«3 : :
8
\%%%%t% : :
^
«<
SSi3g§93SSSS : :
•
1
1
««»S?3«aS*SS"S5
1-^
i
5?;
M
1
3i8aS|«gg
1
02
ss8isaidsjsi3
m
«
1
i
**S'«a^-ss«»flS'^«»
1
«s«s§li«S5|g
xn.
1
sss:s§s$;s:s3sssso2
1
1 i ill i i i i i i i 1
:: :i: ::::::: :
f^
L-
:::::::::::::
La
i
iiKlflll
71
Digitized by
Google
§^
11*20
• CO «
lis
a
8
^«|
g5-g
<-2 OB
§§.1i
•-^ 00X3
.^ gS 09
4< 00
S © P
a ..m'S
^^ O Cj
g. m u
rt a, o
^T3 §
?§^^
.2i s §
* fc a
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
o
o
H
H
%
Q
H
U
o
02
I
02
i
•0 D 01
:
1 :
1 :
g :
:::+:+:+:
:+:+:' i
:+ :+:+:
:+:+;*
__—
_._ __
•0 0 I
1
i i IS ii i§ :
:| :l :| :
:8 :a :a :
ji h :' :
:+:| i|
O
•»anoD i»^ox
:K :3 :5
a
«
•O D 01
')an09 mox
1
•0 0 OT
1
•0 -D I
^
')aDOo moj,
"
i
•0 0 flfl
•0 0 I
.jni
loo i»^ox
•0 -D 01
')nno3 iH^ox
•0 •» 01
*)anoo i«)Ox
:+++++ : I + I+++ :+++++! : I l++l+:l+:
:+++++ :lllll+:MI + ||:||-H-l + :l-
:§§§§^ r^^^^^i i'^S^IS^ i$SSSS)8 :^
+++++++++ : I ++++ I : I +++++ :++ 1 +-H
I ++++++++ : I I I 1 + I : I I I -H-+ : I I I I Ir
S|l;i2|S|Sa :'*S5S2| iRg^gSg rSSSar:^ ;
+++
+++++++ I + I I I ++++ 1 ++ I I +++++4
I l+:| + l + l I I r+l I I I I++I++I I I i ill;
+++++++++ I ++ I 4-+ I +++++++ I ++ i I + !
+ i+++l++l l + l I l + l l + l I+++I l + l I II
^:g
: :a :"
I I I ++++++++] II II I++-^"r
1 I I I I I II II M I I I I I l + l-
:« :« :| : :JS :| jg j jg i^ •
:S :8
S :S :8 : :^
:8:«::a
» :
:« : :«
$ :a :S
.(^4 .e •ifl
g:S::i
- *4 « Vo' »^ - -0 « © j5 ?; j5 V »g jgV «Vg
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1121
A comparison of the analyses of the waters collected day by day at Station No. 8
and Station No. 11 shows an almost exact similarity. On days when the counts
were high and the B. Coli were present in one, they were high and present in the
other, with few exceptions, and the remarkable thing is that the total counts of
water bacteria correspond in numbers very closely. They were the same for water
collected at Stations over half a mile apart in separate districts. The zone of
which this must have been the centre, was a large one.
Dual connections along the river could not have caused the disturbance because
the water in the pipes does not flow back from the river for a mile or more inland.
From Stations No. 8 and No. 11 data it is to be noted that the weekly, monthly,
and seasonal fluctuations in water quality are the same throughout the Thirty-first
Ward. Mondays have the purest water. The pollutions are present Wednesday, in-
creasing as the week progresses. The water as it enters the ward from the forty-
eight inch Lardner's Point express mains (so they may be called) is good. The
Water was good for the year 1911, not as good for 1912, and it started to become
really bad in March, 1913, became worse in May, and continued bad until October.
Something happened during the open season of 1913 that did not happen at all
in 1911, and but slightly perhaps in 1912. After studyiug the operations of valves
and the changing of currents over large zones in the Thirty-lirst Ward, it has been
concluded that the accompanying disturbances were suflScient to produce the re-
sults in part as shown by the bacterial examinations of the waters at Stations
No. 8 and No. 11 for 1912 and 1913.
All through the year 1911, when the water was good, the conditions were normal
in the Thirty-first Ward. During 1912 and 1913 the conditions were abnormal due
to the abolition of grade crossings at streets and the Philadelphia and Reading
Railway, accompanied by the shutting off of long lengths of large controlling pipe
lines, the lowering of them and the sending of water in reverse currents around
through many small distributing pipes. On Lehigh Avenue, at Frankford Road in-
tersection, there is an old thirty inch cast iron pipe main feeding the twelve inch
to the north and the ten inch to the south in Frankford Road. On January 11th,
1912, in four directions from the centre section considerable pipe was closed olf
and emptied and the work of lowering it carried on and completed, and the
Frankford Road lines and Lehigh Avenue main to the east were put in commis-
sion again June 23rd, 1912. This -operation should have affected Stations No. 5 and
No. 11, but No. 11 less. The putting of the pipes in commission would continue
. the stirred up condition for a time. It will be observed that both Stations No. 5
' and No. 11, the first seven mouths of the year, 1912, were very much higher in
bacterial counts than they were the year previous, but that for the remaining five
months they corresponded to the last five months of 1911.
The next move in the grade crossing work was the cutting out of service (December
12, 1912) of the old thirty -six inch cast iron main in Lehigh Avenue, west from
Kensington Avenue for a quarter of a mile or more; but this would not be likely
to disturb the currents very much since it was fed near both ends by the forty-
eight inch express main, so far as Station No. 8 is concerned, and it apparently
did not. However, this cutting off created a dead end which has been maintained up
to the fall of 1913, the influence of which would be undetermined. Furthermore,
the currents in the old thirty inch main down Kensington Avenue, which connected
with the old thirty inch main in Lehigh Avenue and the new forty-eight inch main
would be affected some (just how much could be ascertained only by pitometer
observations) and this influence would show perhaps at Station No. 5 which it
did most pronouncedly the latter half of December, 1912.
The next and greatest change of all occurred on January 6th, 1913, when a
long length of old thirty inch cast iron main which had been relaid in Lehigh
Avenue from Kensington Avenue westerly, was put in commission. This line had
been put out of use for a year (January 11th, 1912, to .January 6th, 1913). The pipe
lay on the surface of the ground in the street all this time. It was undoubtedly
polluted and dirty and it was not cleaned or disinfected before being laid in the
trench and used. The main was fed from the new forty -eight inch main at
Kensington Avenue. For a year prior to January 6th, 1913, the water was
supplied from the north and the south to the district od either side of liehigh
Avenue east. Now, beginning in January, 1913, the currents are suddenly re-
versed and the water comes into the district affecting Stations Nos. 5, 8, and 11
through this old relaid polluted pipe, and in consequence the quality of the water
at Station No. 5 improved for the reason that the velocities became less and the
disturbances subsided. In any case not as much water passed that way in the
pipe at Station No. 5.
The water also improved at Stations Nos. 8 and 11 until April, 1913. Other dis-
turbances in connection with the grade crossing work were going on in liehigh
Avenue, east and west from Kensington Avenue, and in this latter avenue, north
and south from liehigh Avenue from December, 1912. to August 13th, 1913, by reason
of the shutting off the service pipes in the streets that fed the other lateral mains
in the districts. This influence would be manifest at Stations Nos. 8, 11 and 5.
The first line of pipe was cut out December 2l8t, 1912, and a temporary feed pipe
was laid along the surface of the ground. Similar measures were taken on Feb-
ruary 22nd, March I2th, and June 9th, 1913, respectively. During March and
April, 1913, eight inch pipe lines were being laid. They were placed along the
71—14—1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1122 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
streets and could have been contaminated before put in use. On AprU 30th, these
pipes were connected up at Kensington and Lehigh Avenues and the water was
turned on. This water went directly to Stations Nos. 5, 8, and 11, and the
results are very apparent as will appear by reference to the tables. But this
did not complete the work, and service pipes laid at two other street intewections
had to be connected at Lehigh and Kensington Avenues and this work was in
progress during June and July, and on August 13th, 1913, the remaining two con-
nections were made and the water turned on. This would account for the pol-
lutions that appeared in analyses of samples collected at Stations Nos. 5, 8, and
11 subsequently.
At the junction of Frankford and Lehigh Avenues, the grade crossing pipe work
on the big mains was completed and tliey were in service June 23rd, 1912. The smal-
ler distributing pipe lines at these intersections were not completed and put in
service until September, 1912. This simply extended the disturbing influences and
the contamination of the water so much further for that year.
The grade crossing work at Kensington centre, involved distinctive operations in
1912 and 1913 on a large scale, which added contamination to the water in the
pipes, reversing the currents and stirring up the old mud deposits. This had
not occurred before. They were accompanied by bacterial evidence of the influences
these activities exerted, and consequently it is concluded that they did contribute
to the turbidity and pollution of the water. It may be mentioned that the last
operation occurred in the thirty inch main in Kensington Avenue north from
Lehigh Avenue. This pipe between Lehigh Avenue and Budinot Street was
shut off January 15th, 1913, and was agsiin filled with water April 11th, 1913, but the
end was not connected up and late in 1913 had not been connected with the liehigh
Avenue lines of the big pipe, acting as a dead end and a sort of storage reservoir.
There are no service pipes branching from it. During May, 1913. on two different
days hypochlorite of lime was applied in this thirty inch main. The smaller pipes
were put in use April 30th, 1913.
There was a two-alarm fire on October 14th at Huntingdon and Memphis Streets
in the Thirty-first Ward, but it did not effect the samples at Stations Nos. 8
and 11.
Special sampling stations in the Thirty-first Ward were operated by the City
Water Bureau during the summer and in October of 1913, known as Nos. 7, 30,
31, and 50, respectively.
Station No. 7 is located in a drug store at the corner of Kensington Avenue and
B Street: Station No. 30 in a drug store at the comer of Cedar and York Streets:
Station No. 31 in a saloon at the corner of Frankford Avenue and Norris Streets:
and Station No. 50 in a store at the corner of Coral and York Streets.
Digitized by
Google
No. 1«.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1123
O
M
M
M
a
H .
m .
^^
>i
H
z
Yi \
s
•0 0 01
•a -o X
';anoo i«iox
n
•0 •» I
';onoo moi
6
n
•0 '0 I
';iinoo v*\oj^
5
n
•D -0 01
-^anoo i«;ox
5
n
•0 0 01
•^unoo l»»ox
n
•D -OOI
•d -D I
'^tmcK) mox
:::::+:+:+::+:+:+ :+:::::::
:p: : :ti :g :8 : :«
:+:::+ :+ :+ : :+ :+ :+::+:
:§ : : :^ :* :« : :^ I® :§ i :!2
; I :::+:+:+::! :+:+::+:::
I :| :| : :|
:s iS :S : :- :§ :« i
:+:+:+::+:+:! : : | :::::::
:| : +
:5 :S
+ + +:++
I + + :++
+ : I :++ :++
;9 :*
I + :+ 1
++
1 +
^ : : : : h ;
:++ :+ i I :
:+l :+ : I
^^'^^'^*^^''^'^^i^^^•z':i^^^^?.^v^^.zm^^Mi^
I 1 +
Digitized by
Google
1124
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doe.
These results are confirmatory and show that the same kind of water existed
throughout the water pipes in the ward.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES rOR SEVERAL YEARS IN THE THIRTY-FIRST WARD BY MONTHS
—POPULATION 31,000.
mi.
January, . .
February, .
March
April
May
June
Jnly
Auirust. ...
September.
October, . .
November,
December,
Total,
1918.
1912.
2
1
5
2
S
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
4 •
0
3
4
1
1
0
4
22
TotaL
Accounted for
Unaccounted for.
5
as
«
20
Imported cases, 2
Secondary. 3
River bathing, 1
6 for 1913
Jiideing from the analyses the water was irood and not suspected of causing
typhoid in 1911 and the water was free from B. Coli. so far as the analyses indi-
cate, for a number of months in 1912, yet there was more typhoid in 1911 than
in 1912.
The Tiehigh Avenue main after relaying was mit in use the latter part of June.
1912. in the vicinity of Frankford Avcnne. but there had been nine cases of typhoid
fever before this in the ward. It is tbicklv populated, a malority of the residents
beinir wage earners — mill and factory hnnds — Irish and Enarlish, The houses are
small, mostly rented, built in rows. The streets aro well pavpd and the ward
sewered, but many bouses are unconnected. It is an old s#»ction of the city without
modern plumbing. The back yards hav** catch bnsins for kitchen drninnsre and wash
water and there are many back yard honner flush closets. The kitchen drainage
and wnsh water in numerous instances flow to alleys and down to street gutters
and inlets.
The big main in lyehigh Avenue was T»"t in service January 6th, 1913. If pol-
luted with typhoid infection there should have been an outbreak within thpe<»
weeks. Out of the twenty-six cases for the year, nine occurred along I^ehigh
Avenue, and south thereof within two or three blocks. The onsets of these cases
unaccounted for were as follows: — Jnnuary 3rd. 10th, 25th respectivelv. and two
on February 13th. one each on Anril 1st. June 1st. and September 2nd. There
were no cnses along the north side of Lehigh Avenue that looked like infection
from the big main. However, the new service pipe on either side of the street was
a possible source of infection. The four cnses to the north had their onsets
March 20th, July 16th and 23rd, and August 29th, respectively.
The Thirty-first Ward cases have not been reinspected. The doctor who can-
vassed them sent in meagre reports.
The cases are pretty well scattered over the ward.
MILK SUPPLY OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES— WIJ-IN THE THIRTYFIRST WARD.
Dealers. Total.
One dealer had 8 cases 8 cases
One dealer had n cases 5 cases
One dealer had 3 cases 3 cases
Four dealers had each 1 case 4 cases
Seven dealers had 20 cases
Vwd condensed milk, d cnses
Used no milk , 1 case
Total 26 cases
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1125
The danger periods, with respect to water pollution and typhoid, for the year
1912, began on or about January 11th, June 23rd, September 15th, December 12th,
and December 31st respectively. If typhoid infection occurred in the water due
to the things that transpired about these dates, the onsets would appear during
January and February, July and August, October and the latter half of December.
There was no outbreak in the Thirty-first Ward corresponding to these periods
or any other in the year 1912. Hence the pollution, if any, was small, or it
became quickly diluted and was carried far beyond the immediate neighborhood and
into other wards.
For the year 1913, the danger periods began January 6th, February 22nd, March
12th, April 30th, June 9th, and August 13th, respectively; therefore increased
typhoid should be looked for in January and February, during March and April,
May, June, July, and August, running into September for the Thirty-first Ward.
These were the months when typhoid did appear, and are the months during which
we are unable to account for the origin or the cases. There was, however, no
outbreak of an explosive nature. The infection, if present at all, was weak. It
very likely would have been carried into other wards ; but the changes in the water
works system were followed by bad water in the Thirty-first Ward and by a rise
in typhoid. To trace a direct connection through from infection entering the pipes
before they were laid in the trench to the later cases of typhoid in the Thirty-first
and adjoining wards that might feel the influence is impossible, but the evidence,
while not conclusive, is circumstantial and directs suspicion to this connection as
a possible cause of some of the typhoid .
The conclusions respecting the typhoid in the Thirty-first Ward, after eliminating
Lardner's Point water from suspicion, because the analyses of this water and of
the water at the Torresdale clear water basin have shown low counts and the
practical absence ofB. Coli, are: — that some of the cases originated out of the
ward, others were due to contact, and still others to polluted city water, the pol-
lution coming from nnknown sources, with a strong suspicion of sewage contamina-
tion accompanying pipe construction work, and from dual pipe connections, and
possibly also from inefficient purification at the filter plant.
The bad water in the mains, appearing as it does in the open season of the year
and in the latter half of the week, is attributed to local causes and not to hap-
penings at Torresdale or Lardner's Point.
The Nineteenth Ward lies west of the Thirty-first Ward. It is thickly popu-
lated, 50,000 persons, out of a total population of 52,000, residing in the middle
Kensington water district. In this ward are several large water mains. The new
forty-eight inch steel pipe from Lardner's Point by Clearfield Street enters the
Nineteenth Ward from the north in Mascher Street and extends westerly in York
reducing to thirty-six inches in diameter at North American Street. The new
forty-eight inch main in Lehieh Avemip reduces to thirty-six inches and terminates
at Mascher Street. The old thirty-six inch main in Lehigh Avenue turns south in
North American Street extending thence easterly in Susquehanna Avenue out of
the ward. At Lehigh Avenue, Mascher Street, North American Street, and York
Street the valves are open, and the fresh water from T^ardner^s Point pumping
station has a circuit through the old and new large mains. From these big pipes
smaller ones take the water and distribute it through laternl lines to the consumers.
Judging from the gridiron character of the pipe system there is little opportunity
for stagnation in the pipes.
No permanent city testing station is maintained in this ward. During October
of 1913, four points were selected where a few samples were collected. In the
upper part of the ward at North Fourth Street and f^high Avenue Station No.
44 was established, in the office of the City Bureau of Surveys for that district.
Station No. 46 was at Susquehanna Avenue and Mascher Street, a faucet in the
public park, this being near the central part of the ward. Southerly from it
and quite near the centre of the ward, at North American and Norris Streets, was
Station No. 32. Station No. 27 was in a drug store at Frankford Avenue and
Oxford Street.
Digitized by
Google
1126
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe
02
H
O
H
O
SQ
Q
Q
M
a
PQ
02
Q
H
I
I
OQ
d
9S
5
OQ
II
r
1
9
OQ
I
9
OQ
0 ■«
I
si
•D 'D 01
•D '0 X
*)aao3 i«;ox
•D •» 01
•0 '0 T
*)anoo rqox
•a -0 01
*;iiD<» i«)ox
•D '9 01
•0 -D I
*;iiao9 i«)ox
+++ I ++ I +
M I I t I I 1
98S$$gS:S
I++++I I I
I l + l + l I I
s;|||SS9SS
I +-H-++ I
I ++ I I I I
$gss3S9t:
I I I I I ++ 1
I i I I I I M
^8SS<*8S^
I M«r«eOMior^c
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1127
On October 4th, 1913, the State Department of Health collected a sample at
North Ninth and Cumberland Streets, and another at North Seventh and Dauphin
Streets, l)oth in the Nineteenth Ward. They contained respectively a total of 200
with one B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter, and a total of 320 with three
B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter. On October 9th, 1913, a sample collected
at Station No. 27 in the Nineteenth Ward contained a total count of 1,800 with
no B. Coli.
On October 14th, the State Department of Health made a series of collections
of muddy water samples from a hydrant at the corner of Dauphin and Hope Streets,
first obtaining a sample from a faucet at a drug store nearby representing the
ordinary water in the pipe, then opening the street hydrant and allowing the water
to run full pressure for about a minute after which a sample was collected. The
water was quite clear. After about ten minutes the hydrant was closed. At in-
tervals of one hour the operation was repeated four times, making five samples
in four hours. At the time the third sample was collected the water was slightly
turbid for a few minutes and then cleared up, but all the other samples ran
dear. The results of analyses are shown in the following table:
SERIES OP MUDDY WATER TESTS BY STATE DEPARTMENT OP HBAI/TH AT PIRB
HYDRANT CORNER OP DAUPHIN AND HOPE STREETS-NINETEENTH WARD— OCTOBER
14. 1913.
Sample.
Place.
1 Tap, McNeal'a Drug Store,
2 I Hydrant
3 Hydrant.
4 Hydrant
5 ' Hydrant
6 I Hydrant
Time.
12.85 P. M.
, 12.&0 P. M.
I L4o P. M.
, 2.45 P. M.
8.45 P. M.
4.45 P. M.
Bacteria per c. v.
Total.
Pink
Colonies.
B. Coll.
75
600
1,800
900
750
90O
12
It is a reasonable assumption that if the hydrant flow had been continuous, muddy
water would have appeared. However, B. Coli were always present and they
increased with the series. The McNeal Drug store sample showed one B. Coli.
This place is City Station No. 8. Early in the day a sample collected showed 220
total count and no B. Coli in one cubic centimeter. This proves that one sample a
day at a station is not necessarily representative of the water throughout the
twenty-four hours at that station. As soon as the velocities in the pipe there were
materially increased and some sediment stirred up, the B. Coli at once increased;
hence any influence that would stir up the mud in the pipes anywhere in Uie system
would be likely to be accompanied by an increased total count and B. Coli, and
this would obscure bacterial evidence of contamination from such a thing as a dual
pipe connection, or pollution from newly laid water pipes, or less potable water
from Lardner's Point.
In the lower part of the Nineteenth Ward, on Montgomery Avenue between
Masoher and Howard Streets, new six inch water pipe was laid. The pipe was
hauled to the street Tuesday, July 8th, 1913, and the work was finished Monday.
July 14th. This length of street is brick paved, very rough and full of holes. It
is a tenement district and dirty wash water and kitchen drainage flows down from
the back alleys into the street gutters, and across the sidewalks in some places to
the street gutters. On the day of the State Health Department's inspection, in
the fall of 1913, there were pools of this house refuse in the gutters where the
water pipes must have lain for a few days and one twelve foot length was still
lying in the gutter, unused. It contained over an inch of street dirt in the bottom.
The rain would flush the street gutters through this pipe. It is stated that no
attempt was made by the city pipe gang to clean out the pipes before putting them
in the trench.
June 16th, 1913, was the onset of a case of typhoid fever at 1749 North Mascher
Street. Drainage from this house went to the back alley and thence out into
the street gutter where the water pipes lay. If there was typhoid contamina-
tion of the pipes and this caused typhoid, the cases would be expected to appear
in the neighborhood the latter part of July and the first of August. There were four
such cases having the following onsets: .July 26th, 1822 North Front: August 3rd.
1721 North Mascher; August 10th, 110 Diamond, and August 14th, 1813 North
Hope. The August 14th case was a driver who went all over the city. The other
cases had no unusual circumstances in connection with their histories.
Digitized by
Google
1128 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Do<».
The next dUturbing influence in the ward was between September 10th and
September 30th. In the Nineteenth Ward, on North American Street near York
Street, a gate valve on a thirty -six inch main, which comes down from the old
thirty-six inch in Lehigh Avenue above, and may be designated "A" was cloeed
September 10th, 1913, and remained closed until September 27th, when it was
opened for three days and again shut on September 30th. This old thir^-six
inch main continues south in North American Street to Susquehanna Avenue and
thence easterly in the avenue to Frankford Road, where it has several ten inch
branches to the north and south in this road. The main reduces to thirty inches
in diameter and continues easterly in Susquehanna Avenue to Girard Avenue, con-
necting with the twenty inch main in Uirard Avenue. A thirty-six inch gate
valve which may be called "B," comer of North Front Street and Susquehanna
Avenue, was shut on September 10th, opened on September 27th and again closed
on September 30th— these operations being the same and on the same dates as at
the first gate. Between these two main gates *'A" and "B,*' a distance of about
3,000 feet, two ten inch, four eight inch and three six inch gate valves were also
shut off between September 10th and September 27th, for the purpose of ascertain-
ing whether this thirty-six inch pipe leaked. Thus during this time there was a
reversal of currents in a large district. On September 27th the large and the
smaller gate valves were opened and for three days the original conditions of flow
were reestablished. Then, on the 30th, the two big gates were closed, but not
the little ones. Since then the water supplied to the big main between the two
gates mentioned has come from the laterals. This big pipe, therefore, became a
sort of storage reservoir and local distributing pipe.
Turbid water accompanied these operations and was noticed at faucets in dif-
ferent parts of the Nineteenth, Thirty-first, and Eighteenth Wards respectively, even
as far as the river. The mud was stirred up and complaints were made to the City
Water Bureau. The pressure increased along Lehigh Avenue and remains so.
The pressure has remained about the same as formerly near the foot of Susquehanna
Avenue because the Girard Avenue twenty inch pipe has been able to supply any
deficiency that might otherwise occur. The October samples in these waMs might
be expected to reflect some of these disturbances since currents would be changed
and it has been seen that mud samples were accompanied with high counts and
B. Coli.
In the following table is given the typhoid fever cases in the Nineteenth Ward
for several years. For the year 1913, the cases are in the water district under
discussion but for the other years the entire ward is included, but this does not
make a diflference of over 2,000 persons, and for purposes of comparison the table
will serve. There was as much typhoid in 1911 as in 1912, but in 1913, from
April to October inclusive, there were fourteen cases more than for the entire year
of 1912:
TYPHOID PKVER CASES FOR SEVERAL TEARS IN THE NINETEENTH WARD BY U0NTB8.
POPULATION 60,000.
1S18.
Month. 1911. 1»12.
Total. I Aeooanted aceoiiDted
for. for.
January l' 2' 1
March 4 1
April 2 3
I
Pcbruar)', 1 2 1
May 6 7 5
Juno 5 8! 11,
July 2*8!
August 5 5 12
Septombor 11 2 8
Ootobor, » S, 7
Novemher 0| 8|
December " 4 , 6
TotaU,
Imported cases, 4
Contact cases 3
Secondary cases, 1
Pretzel infection , 1
0 for 1913
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1129
There has been no recanvass of the cases in this ward. The Medical Inspector sub-
mitted meagre reports until the latter part of the year. The territory is largely
residential. The condition as to surface drainage on Montgomeiy Avenue between
Mascher and Howard Streets, already referred to, is representative of those pre-
vailing in many parts of the ward. Other years the typhoid has appeared in cold
months as well as in the warm months. During 1913, it has been very largely a
summer outbreak, April being the first high month. It might be fair to assume
that the increase, in the summer of 1913 over the normal for other years could
be accounted for without seeking for some special thing or happening of this year
as a cause. The water in the Nineteenth Ward could have been infected by the
agencies that might have infected the water in the mains at the grade crossing work
in the Thirty-first Ward.
There is not much to suspect from milk on the face of the record as to dealers
as shown below:
MILK SUPPLY OP TYPHOID FEVER CASES— NINETEENTH WARD— IMS,
One dealer - had 8 cases
.One dealer had 5 cases
Two dealers had four each, 8 cases
Seven dealers had two each, 14 cases
Sixteen dealers had one each, 16 cases
Twenty-seven dealers had 51 cases
Condensed milk, 2 cases
Various supplies, 3 cases
Unknovra source, 3 cases
No milk, 2 cases
Total. 61 cases
There were eighteen cases among scholars, three of them occurred in May and
five in June, all in separate schools. During July and August when the schools
were closed there were five cases among scholars. During September and October
there were five cases after the schools re-opened, one case for cRch separate school.
Evidently the infection was not common at the schools. In the following tabular
statement is given the age periods:
AGE PERIODS OF TYPHOID CASES IN THE NINETEENTH WARD-JANUARY TO OCTOBER
INCLUSIVE— ms.
Total
Age periods . Male Female cases
0-4 0 0 0
S- » 8 4 7
10-14 4 8 12
15-19 8 4 12
20-24 2 5 7
25-29. 6 8 8
30-84 0 2 2
85-39 18 4
40-44 112
45-49 2 2 4
60+ 12 8
Total 27 84 81
Comparing the typhoid cases unaccounted for as to origin in the Nineteenth and
Thirty-first Wards for the year 1913, in the latter there is an absence of any great
summer rise, but such a rise is apparent in the Nineteenth Ward. Furtiiermore,
the Nineteenth Ward cases month by month were scattered all through the ward.
The comparison follows:
Digitized by
Google
1130
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Do<5.
TYPHOID GASES UNACCOUNTED FOR iN THE NINETEENTH AND THIRTY-PIBST WARD
OF THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT, 1913.
81st Ward Cmcb 19th Ward Cases
January, 4
February 2
March, 0
April 8
May 1
June 8
July A
August 1
September, 2
Octpber 0
1
1
0
6
4
U
7
10
5
7
It is in the summer time that the Torresdale filters are most efficient. This
would relieve the filtered water from suspicion, when taken in conjunction with the
analyses, of being the cause of the summer outbreak during 1913, in the Nineteenth
Ward. The existence of dual pipe connections to the city system in this ward is
doubtful. During July there was a new pipe installation in the southern part of
the ward that might have been accompanied by the introduction of typhoid inflec-
tion into the water piping system there. Before this time there were operations
along Lehigh and Kensington Avenues that made possible a similar introduction
nt those places from January on and these influences very naturally might extend
into the Nineteenth Ward, more especially the eastern portion of it.
The stirring up of the mud in the system of pipes is more easily accounted for
with the accompanying high bacterial count and complaints of turbidity from the
consumers. While summer agencies, insanitary housing conditions or faulty drain-
age, need not be overlooked, the opportunities being as favorable during 1913
as they had been in prior years, yet typhoid fever was more prevalent in 1913
in the w^ard and the stirring up of the mud and the operation of gates were more
extensive and some connection, therefore, between the bad water known to be
caused by these operations and the increase in typhoid is recognized as a probability.
Be it as it may for 1913, yet the Nineteenth Ward has had a high typhoid rate
in the past as will appear in the following table:
TYPHOID FBVBK CASES IN THE ENTIRE NINETEENTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
Month.
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1
1918
January
February
March,
I
8 F.
I
18
18
16
86
11 PF.
11
12
14
11
U
2
0
2
0
8
8
6
12
10
4 Lime.
Illl 1
2 Lime.
2 lima.
1 Lime.
3 Ume.
7 Lime.
8 Lime.
8 Lime.
5 Lime.
2 Lime.
8 Lime.
8 Lime.
6 Ume.
lUme.
' 1 Lime.
1 Ume.
Aorll
7 Uma.
MV.
June,
6 Ume.
1 U Ume.
July
August.
8 Ume.
12 Ume.
Septeml>er,
October,
Norember,
December, .......
8 Ume.
7 Ume.
Total
110
m
64
44
44
i ^
During the years 1908, 1909, and 1910 the winter months were higher in typhoid
than the summer months, indicating possibly that the public water supply was not
perfectly filtered. During the year 1911, the reverse was true. There was little
typhoid in the cold weather and about as much in the summer as there had formerly
been. This will hold true for the year 1913 with the exception that the summer
typhoid has increased, pointing to the summer agencies, whatever they may be,
as the cause.
The Eighteenth Ward gets its supply of water from the Lehigh Avenue thirty inch,
the Susquehanna Avenue thirty inch and the Girard Avenue twenty inch mains.
The twenty inch main is charged with fresh Lardner's Point water out of the
new forty-eight inch "express" main at the intersection of Fourth Street and Girard
Avenue. This is the first place where this forty-eight inch pipe delivers water with
the exception that the Frankford Avenue twelve inch pipe is fed at Fmnkford
Avenue.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1131
If
3
S
1 1
i !
^ 1
^ a
T
d
1
1
OQ
1
n
i
1 ! i ::+;+!+ h+i+i+i :' h •+! !+i+ii
i
1 I : I |+:+j| i :| :+:| : :| :| :| : :+:| :|
li
§ : : : :2 :* ;2 ; \^ :* ig : i^^ •« jS i jfc ;« i^^
: i : : ': : : : : : : ': : : : : -• :
1
1
n
s
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
:!+:+:!+:' i 1 :!+:•:+: i 1 :+:+:::• :
j i+l+Ml jl M 1' :' i+i !' h :• i : i' i
^♦:
::$:«: :S :g :g : :a :S jS : :S :g8 :S? : : :3i :
■<
n
H
+ ::+:+:! j i+ 1+ :+ j j+ 1+ j 1 j 1+ j 1 '\+\\
5
£
%
+ : i+ : 1 : 1 : :+ :+: 1 : : 1 ; 1 I 1 : : 1 i I :+ j :
S : ii :§ :^ : :^ :§ !§ : i^ :§ :' : i^ :S :§ : :
1
n
li
a
M M n M N li n ! i : : h+ i 1 :+ i i 1 :+ :
M M n M M M n n N n 1 M 1 « M 1 i+ i
^^
: i ; ; i i 1 i ! : ; i i : i i i f i i§ i^ i^ : :' ig :
RESULTS OF WATER ANALYSES 1
Cramp's Ship Yard.
e
Z
1
OQ
1
1
8
S
: 1 : j : :+:+:+ ::+:+:+!! i i ! j !: j i i j :
i
: 1 i j i i+ :+ j+ i :+ : 1 :+ i i i : i j j i j ! j j i
S5
:g ::: :S :§ :8 : :S :g :| :::::::::::: :
1
1
si
s
:+ !+ :+ i !+ i+ :+:!+! :++ : !+ :+ !+:;+!
h jl i+i :| jl :l ::+::++: :+:| jl j :+:
ij
:» :i :8 : i^ iS : j :§ j :§! j :§ ;§ ji j j^ f
)
I
r:*f.•*V*r^:go••o^-eJ«VJ9JD^;«ggg•^^^^
Digitized by
Google
1132
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
i
1
i
n
-+
■ : ! i j-^
■:4
■ :"^
■ : !-^
■ :+ :-^
■ : •■*
'. . ."
p
8
1 ! : ! : '
i+i+l :+:+!i : ii N N ::::
1.
CO
2
-<
n
II
^ : ! i !§
:S:S::S:§:§::^:::::::::::
c
O
1
i
n
ii
n
' i i ::+:+:+::+:+:+: i+i ! j :::::: :•
H
O
H
H
OS
O
1
1
i
i
5
1
i
1 : : : :+ :4
+ !:::+:■'■
1 i i i :+ :-•■
i+ i :+ !+ 1+ j ! • : : : ! i 1 i i i:
:+ i : ' !+ i ' ; : ' i : : i : i i i • ii
« a
11
8 : : : :S :g
:S : :2 jS :| : :U
H
H
O
^_
o
i
1.
ll
|2
OQ
1
O
i
O
+ ! 1 ::+:+:+!!+:+ !+: !-^
1
: : : :4
: : : :S
- :-+
■ :4
if?
- : : 1
85
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1133
Station No. 12 was started on June 2nd, 1913, in the Eighteenth Ward and on
July 2l8t it was replaced by a new station, No. 13, which was carried on through
October. These were put in to detect possible dual pipe connection pollutions along
the Delaware River front in the ward. The stations A, B, C, and D were in
use up to the 21st of October during that month. Stations A and B and stations
G and D were in the southern and north-central part of the ward, respectively. All
but Station No. 12 would get the water delivered from the Girard Avenue main
and the Susquehanna Avenue main. Station No. 12 would represent the Lehigh
Avenue main water.
Comparing Station No. 12 samples with those of Stations Nos. 11 and 5, it
will be seeor that there is not much difl^erence ; at any rate, not enough to prove
or indicate that the contamination of the sample came from any other source than
some common one. Unfortunately the samples were collected only on Mondays,
Wednesdays, and Fridays at Station No. 12. There might have been dual pipe
connection pollution at the Cramp ship yards and it might not have shown up more
in the samples than the results obtained, and the same would be true with re-
spect to Station No. 13.
It will be noticed that for the month of October, there was quite a similarity in
the waters at Stations Nos. 11 and 13. During September, but not during August,
the samples showed better water at Station No. 13 than at Station No. 11.
All of the October samples in this ward showed that polluted water was ever
present, although occasionally low counts with no B. Coll were found.
The State Department of Health ran a series of tests at Station A in the
Eighteenth Ward beginning October 10th. They were confirmatory of the city's
tests and showed good water from the 20th of October to the 10th of November. In
the following table is given a result of the State's tost. On the 10th of November
the river stage increased considerably. The Torresdale filtered water basin and the
I^rdner*s Point samples rose in total counts and B. Coli appeared on the 10th,
11th, and 12th. This water was noticeable at Station No. 1 ahd at other stations in
the city supplied with the water.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES Or SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
BUREAU STATION A— COLUMBIA AND RICHMOND STREETS, EIGHTEENTH WARD-191S.
Bacteria per c. c.
Month.
Total,
Pink Colonies.
B. Coli.
October
10
400
0
0
U
400
6
0
12
550
4
3
13
250
1
0
14
15
140
2
2
16
1,500
2
0
17
600
6
2
18
1,800
S
4
19
450
6
6
20
150
1
1
21
22
23
80
0
0
24
150
0
0
26
150
0
0
26
27
49
0
0
28
400
1
0
29
80
0
0
ao
60
0
0
31
80
0
0
Norember
24
0
0
18
0
0
2
0
0
48
0
0
84
0
0
82
0
0
46
0
0
560
2
0
10
300
4
3
11
80
2
2
Digitized by
Google
1134
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
rid
^^
§^
H
12555
J-
1 +
ri
n
e
2
o
8
1 +
9
^
OD
•
a
■p
6
8 e
a
S
8
S
+++
1
o
c
+ '-h
iH
*»«
S
a
J
S8SS
•Hrl
3
^
d
«j
1
;:a§89
g^
3
i-lfH tH
(C
^
«j
^
8
gS§!i
J3
1
-Vatfrf
a
-saaa
1
i
1
2
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1135
This shows that the Torresdale filter plant is not an absolute barrier against
sewage organisms from the river entering the water pipe system at times. The
period of least efficiency or of greatest difficulty in handling the filters is in the fall
and spring months and not during the summer months, rrom May to November,
when typhoid fever is the greatest, referring now to the last three years.
The State Department of Health checked the tests at some of the 18th Ward
stations during October, 1913. A sample collected at Station B on October 21st,
showed a total count of 500 with no B. Coli present, and one taken on October 22nd,
give a total count of 50 with no B. Coli. A sample collected at Station D on
ctober 9th showed a total count of 800 and three pink colonies, but no B. Coli.
The State Department of Health conducted a series of tests of muddy water
samples in the 18th Ward secured at a fire hydrant at the comer of Moyer street and
Montgomery Avenue, near Station D. The results are giving in the following
table:
SRRIES OF BHTDDT WATER TESTS BY STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AT FIRE
HYDRANT COBTNER OF MOYER STREET AND MONTGOMERY AVENDB— EIOHTBBNTH
WARD-OCTOBER 14TH, 1»13.
Sample.
Hour of I
Collection. '
1 Tap. McNamee'8 Hotel. ........ I 1:10P.M.
2 Hydrant I 1:15 P.M.
S Hydrant, 1:19 P.M.
4 Hydrant, , 2:20 P. M.
5 Hydrant, 8:15 P.M.
6 Hydrant, • 4:16 P.M.
Bacteria per c. e.
Pink
Total.
ColonieB.
0
B. OoU.
126
5,000
»
3,000
6
140
0
60
0
100
1
•
Before the water was disturbed in the street pipe, a sample was collected at the
tap nearby in McNamoe's Hotel. This was free of sewage organisms. The street
hydrant was then opened wide, throwing a strenm across the street but could not
be left open all the nftomoon. Very thick sediment, black as coal dirt, came out.
A sample was collected and this showed a high total count and sewage organisms
were present. The full stream was allowed to flow and four minutes after the
hydrant was opened a second sample was collected which showed similar results
on analysis. In the course of twenty minutes the wat^r had cleared up consider-
ably, so the hydrant was closed down part way to confine the stream to the street
gutter and the water allowed to flow fop an hour. Then the hydrant was opened
wide again and the third sample collected, this showing good water. This operation
was repeated two other times, as shown in the table above and the test demon-
strated what a fire might do in deteriorating the quality of the water in the pipe,
or what any disturbance of the mud in the mains might do. It proves that the
mud supports abundant bacterial life, including the sewage oreanisms. Up to
November 1st, there were no big fires report*»d for the year in the Eighteenth Ward.
Near the foot of Shackamaxon Street are Pier No. 51 and a saw and planing mill
operated by S. Vrooman and Company. Here there was a dual pipe connection
consisting of a one inoh city pipe to thp raw river pump, used for priming. This
connection was spvered October 3rd, 1913.
Near the foot of Marlborough Street is the Kensington Ship Yard Company works.
Several hundred men are employed. There is a dry dock and also several ship
ways. Vessels are repaired. Raw river water is uaod for industrial purposes and
fire lines. There was formerly a two inch pipe connection between the city pipes and
the river water pipes, and up to. July 11th, 1913 there was only one check valve on
this connection and this probably leaked. On July 11th, 1913 by order of the City
Water Bureau, a second check valve was put in and on September 11th, 1913 the two
Inch connection was severed. Undoubtedly the old check valve leaked whenever the
prv^ssnre was higher in the raw river water pipe lines.
From the foot of Susquehanna Avenue to Cumberland Street along the river are
the works of the William Cramp and Sons Shin and Engine Building Company.
Five thousand men are employed in the construction of steam ships, war ships, and
VPSsHs of all kinds, and raw river water is used for many purposes. There was a
six inch connection between the city pines and the fire lines through the works,
this having a sinsrle valve which probablv leaked. A check valve was put in this
line daring the summef of 1913 and by October 3rd, 1913 the dual connection was
severed.
These dual connections in the ship yards are considered to have been sources of
contfiminstion of the city water of some consequence. The fire pumps in the plants
are tested frequently, the prpsaure runnine up much higher than that of citv nines
and the tend<»ncy was towards leakage of the raw water into the city mains. This
72
Digitized by
Google
1136
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doe
contaminated water, during the time that the thirty inch Lehigh Avenue main was
out of service— from January 11, 1912 to Januaij 6, 1913— would quite likely take a
direction of flow northward through a portion of the 3l8t and 25th Wards, bat it is
not likely that this water ever reached the 19th Ward for it always had an abundant
supply of its own. During 1913, the water in the 18th Ward did not probably ieare
the ward after being supplied to the lateral pipes from the big mains, so thkt any
typhoid fever which it may have caused would be found within the ward.
There have been. eleven more typhoid fever cases in the 18th Ward in 1913 than in
1912. By reference to a table following it will be seen that the cases for 1912 were
pretty evenly distributed throughout the year. In 1911, there were thirty -four cases.
August, September, and October being the high months. For 1912, there were
thirty-three cases, August being the high month. For the first ten months of 1913,
there were forty -four cases, with the greatest number in August. We can account
for twenty-four cases, leaving April, May, June and August as the high months for
cases unaccounted for. This was before the dual connections were cut off. Where
there is only a check valve, dual connection would be more likely to leak after a
spring freshet, when sediment may choke the valve, or after the river water had
been particularly bad and there is likely to be more typhoid in the river water in
summer than in winter.
In the 18th Ward samples were collected on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
mornings by the City Water Bureau and from June to October inclusive for 1913.
Summarizing the results at Stations Nos. 12 and 13 and at A, B, G, and D it will
appear that Wednesday was highest in total count twelve times : Friday eleven times :
ana Mondays six times. B. Coli in one cubic centimeter and in ten cubic centi-
meters appeared an equal number of times on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
What occurred Saturdays and Sundays we do not know, but evidently the water
in the pipes in the Eighteenth Ward during the summer of 1913 has been in a
stirred up condition less often on Mondays in the forenoon, when the sample was
taken, than on Wednesdays and Fridays.
Out of ninety-five samples analyzed by the city, forty-two contained B. Coli in
one cubic centimeter and seventy-eight contained B. CJoli in ten cubic centimeters.
This is taken to mean that the sewage organisms was always present in the water
pipes but not in all of the water in the pipes. The table showing the occurrence of
typhoid fever cases by months, for three years, in the 18th Ward, is given below:
TYPHOID FEVER OASES FOR RRVERAL YEARS IN THE EIGHTEENTH WARD BY
MONTHS— POPULATION 27,000.
Month.
JannaiT,
February, . . .
March
April
May
June
July
August,
September, . .
October
November, . .
December. . . .
Totals,
im.
1912.
isa.
Total.
1
4
1
4
5
6
4
10
2
7
Accounted UDaecoantcd
for. ft»r.
Determined causes Cases— 1913.
Imported , 2
Secondary, 3
Drank River Water, 11
Shellfish raw 4
Boating on river, 1
Raw vegetables, J
Contact, 2
Total, 21
Unknown, »
Total, 44
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HKALTH. 1137
Taking out the cases accounted for, the remaining ones are pretty well scattered
all over the southern half of the ward with a group near Girard Avenue and Mont-
gomery Avenue.
The eleven victims who drank Delaware River water raw are classified as foUows:
Two laborers — Cramp ship-yards. Positive ('amden ship-yards, Positive
One tug boat engineer, Positive Richmond pier rigger, Positive
Tug boat fireman , Positive Wha rf stevedore Positive
Coal barge hand , Positive Power house laborer , Positive
Boating for pleasure Positive Two Oamp ship-yards employees Some
doubt
These positive cases drank freely of the raw water while at work or on the river.
The two doubtful cases are not very doubtful and reinspection might prove positively
that they did drink the raw water the same as the other ship-yard laborers.
The twenty cases unaccounted for should have been reinspected . There were three
cases among girls who attended the Adair School, ages twelve, thirteen, and four-
teen respectively, who lived in the same neighborhood and their respective onsets
were April 16th, May 26th, and June 20th. This is the only unusual circumstance
relative to school children.
From June 9th to June 20th, 1913, in Girard Avenue, between Front and Columbia
Streets, about 1,000 feet of eight inch pipe was relaid on either side of the street
ahead of the work of resurfacing. Kitchen drainage and wash water flowed into the
street gutters from eeveral of the intersecting streets while the piping was being
laid. On two of these streets typhoid fever cases were in progress. The one on
Leopard Street had its onset June first, that on Sophia Street on May 24th. If
these pipes were infect*^! with typhoid the disease would have broken out where the
water went which would have been to the east in the 18th Ward and the onsets
would have appeared from July Ist on during the month. The fact is there was
but one typhoid fever case there in July, namely at 1230 East Berks Street. The
other July cases have been accounted for.
From May 24th until June 6th. 11)13, a line of twelve inch pipe was being laid in
Montgomery Avenue between Richmond and Beach Streets. This was more a court
than a street at the time. It had a dirt surface and contained a big pool of kitchen
drainage and wash water. The houses have privy vaults and the neighborhood is
unsanitary, and the pipes were quite likely to be polluted. There was, however, no
typhoid in this block then, but subsequently there was a case on August 2nd. If
typhoid infection of the pipes had occurred during construction, the disease would
have broken out the last half of June and the first part of July. There was but one
case of typhoid fever in July and none the last half of June in that part of the 18th
Ward.
The milk in the 18th Ward is not suspected. Harbison, who is the great dealer,
had nine cases among the twenty of undetermined origin, one other used no milk,
one used condensed milk, and the other nine cases had separate milk dealers.
The southern half of the ward is chiefly residential. The northern part is more
given over to manufacturing. The population is Irish and Polish. The dwellings are
tenement houses, old, and in poor conditifm. The streets are paved and sewered,
but a number of the houses are not connected and there is considerable drainage to
alleys and thence to street gutters. Back yard water closets are general and there
are also a good many dry vaults.
On August 25th, a boy aged fifteen, who was a candy sorter at 121 Crease Street,
developed typhoid. There were three later onsets in the ward but not in that
neighborhood.
In conclusion relative to the 18th Ward typhoid, it may be said that the cases of
unknown origin practically cciised after the known dual pipe connections had been
severed. The water in the pipes was us bad, if not worse, here than in the 31st
and 19th Wards judging from the short time during which the analyses were made.
This naay have been diie to local causes in the ward or the water may have been bad-
before entering the ward. If the latter were true, then the disturbing influences
were either in the 19th or 31st Wards, due to the operation of valves and pipe lines
in those wards, or it may be that the bad water at times came through from Torres-
dale. It is not difficult to surmise as to the cause of increased total counts and the
presence of B. Coli, but at this late date, and lacking more data about the cases,
it is difficult satisfactorily to account for the typhoid. Of course if the mud in the
pipes can sustain the life of the 'bacillus typhosus" for several years, which is con-
trary to accepted belief, then the inoronse in typhoid during the constructive season
when the mud in the pipes is stirred up cnn be easily account for.
r2— 14— iyi5
Digitized by VjOOQlC
11^
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OIF. I>oe
TYPHOID FEYEB IN THB EIGHTEENTH WARD FOR THE LAST SIX TEARS.
Month.
January, ..
February,
March, . . .
AprU
May
Jnne,
July
Angnst, ...
September,
October, . .
Norember,
December,
Total.
1908
1909
22,
6
5 :
81
2i
1
1
6
1
S
2
7
581
1910
1912
44
S4
The eastern half of the 20th Ward is in the Middle Kensington water district and
the western half is in the Oak Lane water district, this latter being the high service
Torresdale district, the water coming from Lardner's Point pumping station.
That part of the 20th Ward in the Middle Kensington district receives the same
water that is supplied to the 16th, 17th, and 19th Wards. The new forty-eight inch
Lardner*8. Point express main delivers water into the old thirty-six inch mains at
the corner of North American and York Streets in the 19th Ward. The thirty-six
inch main continues westerly in York Street and, then reducing, extends southerly^
in North 9th Street into the 20th Ward, where it is thirty inches in diameter,
westerly in Jefferson Street and southerly in North 12th Streets to the thirty inch
Oirard Avenue main. This Girard Avenue main is fed with fresh Lardner's Point
water off the forty-eight inch Lardner's Point express main at the intersection of
Girard Avenue and German town Road, this intersection being the first point off this
particular forty-eight inch main that water is delivered excepting at Frankford to
the twelve inch pipe there as already mentioned. Hence the later^ pipes in the 20th
Ward v^thin the district are charged with a considerable quantity of fresh Lardner's
Point water mixed with some of the water in the old mains that may have circulated
in the 19th Ward.
In this eastern portion of the 20th Ward there is an estimated resident population
of 23,000 and in the Oak Lane District of the 20th Ward a resident population of
about 22,000, a total of 45,000 population for the entire ward.
Unfortunately, no samples were collected in the 20th Ward prior to October, 1913.
Then for three weeks samples were collected on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
Station A was in the northeastern comer of the ward at Norris Street and German -
town Avenue. Station B was at Oxford and North 6th Streets in the central eastern
part. Station C was at North 10th and Oxford Street in the central western part
(Oak Lane District), Station D was at North 7th Street and Girard Avenue, and
Station E at North 10th Street and Girard Avenue, both in the southern part of the
ward.
In the following table the results of the analyses of samples collected at these
stations are given. It will be noted that the water in the central and southern part
of the ward showed occasional B. Coli, excepting the samples collected in the Oak
Lane District. Station A was free from B. Coli in one cubic centimeter but the
sewage organism was present in ten cubic centimeters.
Digitized by
Google
So. 14.
COMMlSSloNfift 6t* MJJAt^M.
im
M
30'
0
6
1 + 1 ++++ :
Ji
1-
s
m
«5
1 + 1 1 + 1 1 :
3s
|gg||«« i
1 .i,.L 1 1 1 1 1
III
Z
n
«
I-H-I+++I
il
$S§S^£gSS
~| ~
0
1 l + l 1 i i+
dS
1
«
Is"
-1
n
1 1 1 1 1 : :|
S|
assess : :S
2
§1
1
«5
1
1 ++++++ 1
gin
n
V
I+++I++I
Is"
ri
i|
sggisssa
1 +++++++
J5
-1
S
n
0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
il
ISSg^S^SSS"-
,
::::::::
Digitized by
Google
1140
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
The State Department of Health checked up Station E on October 8th, th«
sample contaiuiug 800 total count and four B. ('"oli. On October 10th Station B
was checked up with a total count of 350 and no B. Coli present. This shows that
the samples collected at the same station at different hours of the day give different
results; but at Station C the State Department of Health collected samples daily
through October and into November, the results of the analyses of which were
corroborative of the city samples.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HKAI.TH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT STATION C
IN THE TWENTIETH VVAKD-OAK LANE DISTRICT— 1913.
Bacteria per c
1
c.
Date
Collected.
Bacteria per c
c.
Date Collected.
Pink
Pink
Total.
Col.
0
B. CoU.
Total.
CoL
B. Coll.
October 9
100
0
October 26
10
...
...
27
26
0
0
11
100
2
6
28
«0
0
0
12
29
40
0
0
13
SO
0
0
30
19
0
0
14
81
1 32
0
0
16,
200
0
0
November 1,
1 18
0
0
16
120
1
0
2
20
0
0
17
120
2
0
3
...
18
100
0
0
4
19
400
0
0
5,
SO
6
6
20,
30
0
0
6
16
0
0
21
7
8
0
0
Tl,
...
8
850
0
1 0
23
9
21
0
1 0
24
10
140
0
0
25,
28
6
0
U
120
0
0
I
Thus is seen that the Oak Lane water samples all through October and November
showed a very good water free from suspicion of pollution, yet there was
fever in both districts in the 20th Ward.
TYPHOID PEVKIt CASES FOR 1913 IX THE TWENTIETH WARD ACCORDING TO THEIR
niSTRIRlTION IN THE OAK I^NE AND THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DJSTRUT^.
POPI'LATION— OAK LANE 1)ISTKI<:T L>2,()iH)—POPri>ATION— KENSINGTON DISTRICT-3,0»
— MAKIN<; 4r.,(J<J0 TOTAL FOR THE ENTIRE WARD.
Month.
January , ...
February, .
March
April
May
June,
July
August, ...
S<^l>tombor,
October, ...
Novonibor. .
December, .
Total,
Middle Kensington Water Dlst.
Accounted
I for.
Un-
accoanted
for.
Oak Lane Water Dist.
Total.
. Accounted acconotpd
for. for.
(^ontact ca.^os 4 Imported ra.sos, 3
SeocmdMry cases 2 Kiver boat oases 1
Imported* rases 7 Tnimp ship-yard, 1
Milk 2 Contact 3
.\cc(>uiJt(Hi for in Kensingtcm Dist. 1.1 .Vrconntod for in Oak Lane Dist., .. 8
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
lUi
If, as it appears, the water in the Oak Lane District of the 20th Ward has been
good this summer, then the city water in this district is not to be charged with
cauaing the typhoid, yet it is noted from the above table that there were sixteen
cases in the district compared with thirty-six in the Kensington water district of the
20th Ward where the water is under suspicion. Therefore, it is advisable to look
carefully into each of the sixteen cases. None was re-inspected and the original
report is meagre in information. One thing will be especially noted, namely, that
the afflicted were largely of the employed class or of an age which permitted of their
going about and coming in contact with infection — ^i£ they were exposed— in a
manner not easily traced or apparent.
TYPHOID rBYBR CASES IN THE OAK LANE DISTRICT OF THE TWENTIETH WARD
FOR 1913.
Oniet.
Case.
February 10, .. S. D.,
April 24 M. B..
AprU 28 ' 8. L.,
A. L.. .
M. B.. .
W. G.,
May 4, ..
May IB.
June 2S,
July 20, I R. S.,
July 26. I A. B..
August 6 1 C. D.,
August 10 , IC. W.,
August 27, ....| J. M.,
September. S,..| A. M.,
- — " - C. W..
C. B.,
J. W.,
M. S.,
September 3,..
September 11,
September 24,
October 16, ..
Age.
Sex.
20
F.
21
F.
14
M.
12
F.
41
F.
19
M.
25
F.
SO
M.
28
M.
24
M.
27
M.
18
F.
18
F.
28
M.
24
M.
6
M.
Street.
N. Bleyenth,
N. Wamock,
N. Ninth, ..
Montgomery Are.,
N. BleTenth
N. Wamock
N.
N.
l-N.
N.
N.
I N.
IN.
N.
Percy. ...
Eighth. ..
Aider, ...
Wamock,
Eleventh,
Ninth. .
Ninth, .
Park, ..
Darien.
Darien,
Occupation.
At home, ..
Housewife,
Errand boy,
School
Housewife,
Cabin boy,
Housewife.
Tailor,
Machinist,
Driver
Reporter. . .
Stenographer,
Cashier, ...
Printer, .....
Foundry, ...,
School, .....
Origin.
from
Unknown.
Unknown.
Imported
down town.
Contact.
Unknown.
Delaware River
boat.
Unknown.
Imported from
down town.
Cramp ship-yard.
Contact.
Imported from
down town.
Unknown.
Contact.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
The cases were well scattered throughout the district and throughout the year.
They were mostly adults which is significant and a re-inspection would likely show
that some of the unaccounted for cases contracted the disease outside of the district.
The facts relating to the thirty-six cases in the Kensington District of the 20th
Ward when reviewed carefully lead to the conclusion that the origin was local to
some extent. The age periods are more typical. Thirteen were school children, ten
lived at home and eleven different occupations are represented. Ten different schools
and fifteen milk dealers were represented.
Digitized by
Google
1142
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
TYPHOID FEVER OASES IN THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON DISTRICT OF THE TWENTIETH
WARD FOR 1S13.
Onset.
April 9
AprU 12
April 23. ;
May 4 1
May 11, I
May 28 1
May 28, i
June 1 1
Jane 3, i
June 16,
June 22,
June SO
July 1
July 1
July 14,
July 15,
July 18
July 21
Aufipst 1, ••..
August 7, ....
August 16, ...
August 26, ...
August 29, ...
September 1,..
September 4,..
J. S.,
P. R.,
S. B..
O. R..
H. B..
R. A..
J. H.,
A. C,
R. S.,
B. U.,
J. M.,
A. W.,
S. M.,
A. D..
0. K.,
M. T.,
J. G,,
t.
J. c.
E. H..
H. 0.,
September 12, H. M.,
September 17, i T. S.,
September 22, I N. J.,
October 8, ....' J. F.,
Age. Sex.
Street.
January 6, .... B. B., .
January 24, ... S. K., .
February 10, .. L. S., .
February 14, .. M. B.,
March 14 R. B.,
March 81, .... M. 0..
April 1, R. S.,
Occupation.
Origin.
25 I
20
10
88
F.
F.
M.
F.
N. Tenth Factory,
N. Elerenth,
Master, ...
, N. Eighth,
26 I F.
17 F.
I N. FtankUn,
I Oxford
19 ' F. I N. Blghth,
19
21 I
14 I
8
4
10 I
21
6
12 I
13
24 .
M.
F.
F.
F.
M.
F.
F,
F.
F.
F.
M.
M.
M.
F.
M.
87
25
18
10 F.
18 M.
17 F.
18' F.
28 F.
16 M.
Oxford Electrician, ..'
N. Marshall, At home, ....I
Oxford School
N. Franklin School [
N. Ftenklin, At home '
Oxford, School,
N. Twelfth Housewife, ..i
N. Seventh, At home, ....j
N. Seventh, School
N. Hutchinson, ... School, 1
N. Eleventh, School
N. Marshall ' Bookkeeper, .i
Olrard Ave ! Motorman, ..!
N. Perth I Housewife, ...
N. Marshall, Painter
I N. Alder, ' School,
N. Franklin, > School,
Store,
School, ...
School
teacher.
At home,
Milliner, .
Flactory. .
Unknown.
Imported
down town.
Unknown.
Unknown.
from
M.
F.
M.
Tailor
Seamstress,
School
Housewife,
School.
12 P.
18 M.
2 I F.
86 I M.
N. Marshall.
N. Seventh,
N. Perth, ..
N. Warnock,
N. Sixth, ..
N. Warnock > At home.
N. Franklin, Housewife,
N. Seventh, Factory, .
Cambridge > School
, N. Franklin, ' School
Girard Ave., At home, .
I N. Marshall j Machinist,
Unknown.
Imported from
down town.
Imported from
down town.
Contact.
Unknown.
Contact.
Contact.
Unknown.
Contact.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Imported.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
Secondary.
MUk.
MUk.
Secondary.
Unknown.
Imported from
down town.
Imported.
Unknown.
Imported.
Unknown.
The 20th Ward has had a high typhoid rate for a number of years. In 1908 and
1909 there were 113 and 117 cases respectively, mostly in the winter months. In 1910
the disease fell off nearly fifty per cent, possibly due to the introduction of other
water into the district. For the last three years the supply and distribution of it
has been the same as it is today, so that this period may be used for comparison.
For 1911 there were thirty-four cases, eifirhteen occurring in the warm months from
June to September inclusive. In 1912 thore were forty-five cases, quite well dis-
tributed throughout the year. In 1913 the cases increased, more especially in the
entire ward are as follows:
Month
.January,
February,
March , .
April, ...
May, ..
Cases June,
1 .Tuly
3 August
1 September,
2 October, ...
3
Total,
n
7
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1143
TYPHOID FEVER OASES FOR THE ENTIRE TWENTIETH
POPULATION 45,000.
WARD ]
FOR SIX
YBARS.
Month.
1908.
1909.
1910.
im.
1212.
1»18.
January,
18
12
10 F.
23
47
11 PF.
17
»
6
2
2
2
2
1
7
18
8
4 Lime
OLime
2 "
1 *'
2Llme
6 ••
2 **
2 *•
6 "
s "
6 "
6 "
2 "
2 Lime
February.
March.
ADrll
mS?; . :
juSe. :":::::::"...::::;:.;:::;;;;;
July,
A^giwt , ,
S4*ptonib*'r, .. r - - T ,.....----. . , .
8 <•
October,
2 "
November,
December, <
Total, T
113
117
67
M
46
62
Summarizing with respect to the causes of typhoid in the 20th Ward, it is noted
that there are eight unaccounted for cases in the Oak Lane water district and
twenty-one in the Kensington water district. The water is suspected of being a pos-
sible medium of transmission of some of the infection, due to any one of three
causes; first, unknown dual pipe connections; second, contamination of pipes before
or while being laid in the trenches; and third, possibly imperfectly filtered water at
Torresdale.
Other means of transmission existed: Contact in the homes or neighborhood of
existing cases or anywhere outside of the ward ; contact with sewage polluted water
along the rivers or on boats; the infection of food stuffs and utensils, empty milk
bottles not being overlooked ; also flies and insects and brphoid carriers, all of which
were possible agencies; other means, impossible definitely to trace because of
Saucity of available data. The disease was not explosive. The families of the af
icted were large, yet seldom did two cases occur in any one family, which is signi-
ficant.
The 17th Ward is bounded on the east by the 18th Ward, on the north by the 19th
Ward , on the west by the 20th Ward , and on the south by the 16th Ward ; Girard
Avenue is the dividing line between the 16th and 17th Wards. The 16th Ward is also
bounded on the west by the 20th Ward and on the east by the 18th Ward and the Dela-
ware River. Hence the two wards, the 16th and 17th, receive the same water as the
surrounding wards, with this difference, that the central and eastern portions of the
16th and 17th Wards probably get fresher water since the forty-eight inch main from
Lardner*s Point is tapped at the intersection of North 4th Street and Girard Avenue,
this being the first point where this new main delivers Torresdale water to the pub-
lic, excepting the twelve inch main at Frankford Junction before mentioned.
More especially since September 11th, 1913, should the water in the central and
eastern parts of these two wards have been fresher because of the change in valves
in the 19th Ward above, which were operated since September 10th to throw more
draught on the forty-eight inch main and less on the old thirty-six inch main and its
connecting pipes at York and North American Streets and at Susquehanna Avenue
and Front Streets in the 19th Ward. There is a twenty inch main supplied by the
old main that comes down through the 17th and 16th Wards in North 4th Street,
which supplies the western -portions of these two wards with water that would be
likely to respond to influences exerted on the distributing system in the 19th Ward.
The Frankford Avenue ten inch main, about which comment has already been
made, bounds the eastern end of the Seventeenth Ward and forms a part of its
pipe system.
For purposes of considering the water quality, these two wards may be classed
as one district. Unfortunately, in them no testing station has been maintained
by the city, except for a few months during the year 1913.
On the river front in the Sixteenth Ward at the comer of Beech and Poplar
Streets testing station No. 14 was established by the City Water Bureau in June.
Samples were collected Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and in the following
t.'»ble results of analyses of them are given. The tap from which the water was
drawn is in the fire house of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company.
Digitized by
Google
IU4
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
o
Q
C
M
K
»
EH
123
O
Z
o
ai
.-;
ill
<
m
o
m
a
I
O
11
I
2o
I :
S :
5
^g
:+ :+ :+ : :+ :+ :+ : :+
+ ::+:+:+:: I : 1 : I
I : :| :| : I : :| : I :|
I : :S5 :S^ :88 : :2 :S :|
II
%
2«
§1
+ : +
+ : I :
S :S :
+ :+::+ :+
I :+: :| :+
+ :+ : : I :+ : I
+ :| I : I : I :|
+ :+ : I : i
-f :l : I :
S) :S
8 : :
I : : I :+ : I
I : :| :| il
S :S : :S :S
+ :+::!
+ :+::!
8 :$ :
+ : :++
i : :| I
% :3
: +
l~lM(9'«<i.O(0l^gO0>C>riMn-«>U9 «|. oe oT
'S'F(KRS«>;RRagf; i
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1145
These results show the best water found in the Middle Kensinirton water district
The samples collected on October 8th and 10th are said to have been raw Delaware
River water treated for boiler purposes, but there is some question about this. For
the month of June, B. Coli in one cubic centimeter appeared once in nine samples
and in September twice in twelve samples. For the other three months one out of
e>ery three samples on the average showed B. Coli present. The contamination can
bo partly accounted for by the sediment in the old pipes for most of the pipes
are old in these wards. Furthormore, the Water may have felt the influence of the
stirring up operations of the Nineteenth and Thirty-first Wards. In the following
table is given results of special tests made in October in the Sixteenth and Seven-
teenth Wards.
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF CITY SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND
SIXTEENTH WARDS DIKING OCTOUEK, 1913.
October.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12,
13,
14.
15.
1«.
17.
18.
19.
30.
SUtion A-17th Ward.
N. Second and Oxford
Streets.
Total
Count.
B. Coli.
Ice.
10 cc.
»
8«
360
m
«8
93
i»
23
Station B--16th Ward.
airard
and Frankford
Avenues.
B. Coli.
Total
Count.
Ice.
10 cc.
85
'■-'"
*"-**
m
"T "
• .. .
+
50
-
+
110
-
~"
64
"11"'
"■+ *'
170
"ii
+
Section O— Iftth Ward.
Poplar Street and Ger-
mantown Avenae.
Total
Count.
B. Coll.
Ice.
10 cc.
8S
'"+'**
u6
" +""
70
+
17
"H"'
54
""+"
90
-
22
■■-■'
-i-
These results also show better water than in the othor wnrds of the Middle
Kensington district. No samples were collected in the w«»storn part of the Six-
teenth and Seventeenth Wards where it is supposed that there is less fresh water
in the street pipes and where the consumers misht be liable to feel the effects of
any disturbances in the pipe system in the Nineteenth and Thirty-first Wards more
than in the eastern parts of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Wards. Perhaps bv
coincidence only it happens that in the year lfll3 the typhoid for the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Wards was more prevalent in this western portion .
Digitized by
Google
1146
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The following table is a summary of the typhoid fever cases in the Seventeenth
Ward for three years:
TYPHOID FBVBE CASES IN THE SEVENTEENTH WARD.
January, . .
Febrnaiy, .
March, ....
^!' .::;:;
June
Jnly
AugiiRt, . . ,
September,
October, . .
November.
December,
Total,
Month.
1911.
18
mi.
mk
Ub-
Total.
Accounted
ftoeooBtad
For.
Vor.
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
s
0
1
••
• •
••
••
••
••
28
8
17
Accounted for, 6 for 1913
Eleven of the twenty-three cases were employed and mostly out of the ward. They
went about a good deal and increased their liability to contact infection. Twelve
we may class as stay-at-homea. Three were school children, six were housewives and
three were living at home. Eight of these at-home cases resided in the western
part of the ward, three in the central part, and one in the eastern part.
Milk is not suspected. The twenty-three cases were divided among thirteoi dif-
ferent dealers as shown in the following table:
Milk Supply of Typhoid Fever Cases— Seventeenth Ward— 1913.
Defers.
One dealer had five cases,
Two dealers had three cases each.
Two dealers bad two cases each.
Bight dealers had one case each, .
Thirteen dealers had
Total CsMS.
GASES OF TYPHOID FEVER IN THE SEVENTEENTH WARD-~191S.
Cause of Infection Accounted For.
Onset.
•
Case.
Affe.
Sex.
Street or Ayenne.
Occupation.
Orlfin.
Mav 9EI
V. n
17
M.
Bodlne
Hatter
Contact at work.
River boat
52. S f: 1:
IS: S S: H.
Oct. 8 M. M.
a; M.
15 M.
28. M.
V\ M.
M P.
N. Randolph
Master
N. Sixth
Oermantown Aye..
N. lAwrencp, —
At home
Errand boy
Conductor
Imported from down town.
Contact.
Walter
At home
Ml?? •
Imported.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1147
Thus out of twenty-three cases six only are accounted for, which is not at all
satisfactory. It will bo observed that the cases were in the hot months. It was
a summer outbreak. There are no known dual connections in the ward, no laying
of new pipes nor relaying of old ones in the ward. The water samples collected
in this ward show better water than in the other wards in the Middle Kensington
district, excepting the Sixteenth. The western part of the Seventeenth Ward,
where most of the stay-at-homes resided, might have felt the influence of the
grade-crossing work prosecuted in the Nineteenth and Thirty-first Wards. If
the water infection came from Torresdale direct or Lardner's Point, then the stay-
at-homes in the eastern part of the ward should have been exposed as much as Uiose
in the western part of the ward. Unfortunately, no analyses of the water in the
western half by which comparisons may be made are available. The eleven cases
where the patients had employment, mostly out of the ward, were as follows:
Carpenter, 1 I-Aborer, ...
Errand boy, 2 Seamstress.
Hatter, I Printer
Hostler, 1 Butcher, ...
Conductor, 1 Waiter, ...
Furthermore, typhoid has existed in this ward continuously. In a table following
are given the cases for the last six years. In 1906, there were forty cases quite
evenly distributed throughout the months. In 1909, there were sixty-five cases,
with onsets mostly in the winter months. The conditions of water supply which may
have been di£ferent then, may iccount for these two years. In 1910, there were
twenty- three cases, in 1911, thirteen cases, and in 1912, fifteen cases. Up to
July, 1913, the distribution of typhoid in the Seventeenth Ward was normal. It
may be argued that the increase this summer was due to a specific cause or causes
aoart from the water supply, while not relieving the water of its due suspicion.
Although the milk is thought to have been dean, there is a time from the onset
of a case to the calling in of the physician and his diagnosis and delayed report
to the City Hall, when the milk dealer may daily leave a filled bottle of milk at
the house and remove an empty one. In this way the milk dealer may carry
the infection to the next customer, particularly through the agency of the bottle.
His hand grasps the neck of the bottle. It may pick up the infection from the
empty bottle and the next Instant place some of it on the mouth of the filled bottle
that is left at the next customer's house. Thus quite innocently might the infec-
tion be spread, not very extensively, but now and then in some case. The chance
exists. The probability is remote and hence cases resulting from this means of
transmission might not stand out prominently enough to attract attention in a study
of the record. Furthermore, any house to house vender of foodstuffs might similarly
spread typhoid, and it follows that the more typhoid there is In a district, the
more danger will exist from these and other agencies of transmission. Two well-
known muk supplies might in this manner have caused six cases in the Seventeenth
Ward from July to October inclusive, although there is no proof of it.
TYPHOID FBVBR CASES FOE SIX YBARS IN THE SBVENTBENTH WARD— POPUI-ATION
17,000.
Month.
1906.
Janaary, ! 5
rebmary, 2
March I 6
Aprfl a
Miy, 1'.
Jon* *
July. I 1
September, S
October J
Noyember, 1
December, | <
Total I 40
1909.
PP.
Lime.
IftU.
lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
1
0
a
2
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
2 Lime.
18
1912.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime,
lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
ms.
lime,
lime,
lime,
lime,
lime,
lime.
Lime.
lime,
lime.
Ume.
Digitized by
Google
1148
EIGHTH ANNUAL llEPOUT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Taking up for cousideratiou the typhoid cases for 1913 in the Sixteenth Ward, one
remarkable thlDg is noted namely, that eighteen out of twenty-eight casesii were
engaged in daily occupation away from the home. The cases by age periods are
not typical as the following table shows:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES BY AGE PERIODS IN THE SIXTEENTH WARD, 1911.
;
Age Period.
i
Gases
Bemarks.
I
' Male. 1
Femal
e.
1
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
Total.
S to 9
1
2
5
a
i
1
1
1 at sclM>oL
10 to 14
3
4 at school.
16 to ly
&
.\U employed.
20 to 24
1
<S emylored.
2& to 29,
1 i
All employed.
9!) to »4,
,
1 ,
L employed.
35 to 39
1
1 employed.
40 to 44
0
Housewife.
45 to 49,
1 1
Employed.
Total, . .
17
11
Of the stay-at-homes, five were school children, two lived at home and three
were housewives. 8ix of these lived in the east part of the waixi and four in the
west part. Of the twenty-eight total cases there was an equal division of distribu-
tion between the east and west halves of the ward, but the cases were more scat-
tered in the eastern half.
In the following table is given the distribution of the cases by months. The
Medical Inspector's reports are so meagre that it is impossible to trace out the
origin of a considerable number of cases that appear in groups and may have
been caused through neighborhood contact, or infection. The ward i& a textile
and hosiery mill district and the population is mixed. Some of the houses ar*?
oW and not provided with modem snnitiiry facilities, hydrants in the back yard
and outside waterclosets being common. Surface drainage in back alleys may be
found .
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE SIXTEENTH WARD.
1913.
Janmiry. ..,
February, .
March, —
April,
May
June
July
Auf^ust, ...
September.
Octolwr, ..
November,
Dec-ember.
Total,
j
1
i Total.
1
Accounted for.
Unaccoanted f«r.
0
1 0 1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
; 4
5
I 3
0
4
6
4
5
4
4
1
4
' 1
2
-'
8
21
i:.
1 -s
12
IS
Imported cases 2
(intact 2
Possible neighborhood infection , S
PosHibly accounted for 12 for 1913
There has been typhoid every summer in the ward, but more this year. In r^
viewing the Medical Inspector's rci)orts a possible origin, with respect to neigh-
borhood groups,~ has been noted but, for lack of information, there is little c^^n-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14,
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1149
finnatory evidence. None of the cases has been re-inspected. The following de-
tails, shown in tabular form, relate to cases whose origins are possibly suggested
by the available evidence. Three neighborhood groups existed, "A," "B" and
"C" containing ten, six and five cases respectively:
TYPHOID FBVER CASES IN THE SIXTEENTH WARI>-I»1»-CAUSB OP INrECTION AC-
COUNTED FOR.
Omwt.
Case.
Age.
Maj 9
W. H.
82
June 1.
J. 0.
48
June 1,
E. W.
22
June 22,
UB.
28
Julj »
B. W.
8
Aug. 8
J. S.
20.
Aug. IS.
P.J.
18
Aoff. ».
J. M.
18
Sept ar,
S. S.
18
Oct U
M. W.
16
Oct M
A. W.
17'
Oct 19,
J. T.
15,
Sex. Street or Are.
H.
9.
F.
M.
F.
M.
M.
M.
M.
F.
F.
N. Lawrence,
Ijeopard
N. 8rd
N. Leltbgow,
Leopard, ....
N. 4th,
Culbert
Dunton
Uermantown,
N. Randolph,
N. Orianna, ,
N. Orianna. .
Occupation.
Policeman. .,
Housewife, . .
Housewife, ..
Laborer ,
School, ,
Machiniat. ...
Machinist. ...
Hatter
Leather
worker.
Errand boy, .
Weaver
Seamstress, .
Origin.
Group.
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Imported,
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Neighborhood Inf.,.
Contact at worlc.
Neighborhood Inf.,..
Imported from down
town.
Neighborhood Inf....
Neighborhood Inf.,..
"A"
"C"
"A"
"A"
"C"
"A"
"A"
'•A''
"A"
The twenty-eight cases were distributed among nineteen different milk dealers.
Five had two cases each. Four patients used condensed milk only.
The five school chUdren attended five different schools.
TYPHOID FEVER CASBS FOR SIX YEARS IN THE SIXTEENTH WARD. POPULATION 16,000.
Month.
1008.
January,
February
March
tS?!^•;;:;::::;::::::.•.•;:::;;:.•;
June
July
August.
September
October i
NoTember. 0
December. 8
ToUls 52
to
4
2
7
4 F.
2
0
. I
1900.
' 18
; 7 PP.
I 1
1 2
I 2
I ^
I 1
0
0
' 0
1»10.
I
Lime.
1911.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
1 Lime.
1 Ume.
1 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Ldme.
1 Lime.
S Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
4 Lime.
8 Lime.
15
1018.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
The year 1912 recorded the least typhoid in the Sixteenth Ward of any year,
that of the year previous occuring in the summer and fall months. In 1910 there
were less cases and these were evenly distributed for the entire year.
The comments already made, relative to typhoid in the Seventeenth Ward, are
substantially relevant to the Sixteenth Ward. Dual pipe connections are not
known.
CONCLUSIONS RELATIVE TO WATER AND TYPHOID IN THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON
DISTRICT.
In the Thirty-first Ward, which is the upper one in the Middle Kensington dis-
trict, the water continued to be bad for the year 1913 the same as in Ward Twenty-
five adjoining, but in the Upper Kensington district. Station No. 5 in the Twenty-
fifth Ward, and Station No. 11 in the Thirty-first Ward, and Station No 8 on the
boundary line between the Thirty-first and the Nineteenth Wards, which is also
in the Middle Kensington district, represent the same water and evidently have
been subjected to the same disturbing influences in the water pipes, whatever
those influences may have been, for the samples are comparable month by month
and year by year at these three stations as is shown on the following table. The
B. Coli in the table means the number of times B. Coli were found present in
samples in one cubic centimeter. The total counts indicate the average for the
month.
Digitized by
Google
U5C
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPOUr OF THE
Off. Doc
*4
: JMC^aoeeOM j |
s
s«-
1
n
§1
3
^esggSSSsss i i
^5
1
::
n
00
o©ci©«k« ^^2*®* ! :
g^
S
1
z
5
;j:8$ggSS8gJS : :
w2
e
\ '.
H^
-
: :*~^* :
• m . .
■is
S
63
10
n
^td
d
—
«^
>5
«
5?«Sgigte: -
:* : :
z
2
oa
Eh
S=8
5^
S
3
&ie§s£8sassisss
S
^
^
OQZ
i
0 0 0 iH f-l rl <« 0 iH i-t 0 1-4
^g
^
1
00
d
2
n
1
ssg^sisssissas
EJ
8l
U»
3
{S§aS§SE^l^S3S88
SH
^
S
»0J
d
1
s;«33dsi9;!:as$&s
^^
55
H
2
p^PQ
n
1
1
00
s
S
3
8jss9J55?aa85a6S
BS
d
«sss"^ss;2:asg?j
3
::::::::: : : :
COMPARATIV
ll-THIRTY-i
WARDE.
•....::. t- c^i
->
'mi
ill
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1151
There are scores of miles of old water pipes in the Kensini^ton district that are
seeded with innumerable bacterial forms. It is only necessary for any particular
form to find favorable conditions in order to grow extensively. The water is of a
higher temperature during the months that tbe total bacterial count increases
as observed at Stations Nos. 5, 8, and 11. The above table does not bring this
out prominently because it shows averages. The Delaware Kiver water difl'ers in
quality in summer and in winter. It may be possible that all of the circumstances
combined to encourage the development of the organisms in the pipes and that
this accounts for some of the increase and the marked differeuce between Kensing-
ton water and BYankford water. The mud in the pipes contains B. Coli and the
State Health Department tests suggest that the mud is likely to be and probably
is a factor in the appearance of B. Coli in the Kensington samples.
It may be noted from the table that the contamination of the water at Stations
Nos. 5, 8, and 11 has been greater during the year 1913 than during the years
1912 and 1911. Furthermore, the contamination increased in May and it dropped
off in November. This seasonal disturbance may be attributed to the changes, im-
provements, and extensions in the distributing pipe system, to the increased con-
sumption of water and the accompanying stirring up of the mud.
During this period of seasonal disturbance there was a weekly fluctuation. At
Station 8 from May to October inclusive, Saturdays were the high days in bacteria
in both total and sewage -organisms, Mondays the lowest. The bacteria increased on
Tuesdays, were present in more samples on Wednesdays, were most frequent on
Saturdays, and appeared in the Sunday samples nearly as many times as on Wednes-
days. Probably for the entire middle Kensington district the average peak for
the poorer water began on Wednesdays and extended through to Saturday noon.
The significant thing as far as may be judged is that JSfonday was probably uni-
formly low. It should be remembered that the Monday samples were collected
in the forenoon and they probably represent the more quiet water of Sunday.
The results are interpreted to mean that the contaminating influences were less
active or ceased on Sunday and began anew and increased as the week progressed.
The poorer water in the mains, appearing as it did in the open season of the
year and in the latter half of the week, is attributed more to local causes and not
so much to happenings at Lardner's Point or Torresdale. On the 10th of No-
vember, 1913, however, the stage of the Delaware River ros6 considerably and
with it the sediment and bacteria increased, and on the 10th, llth, and 12th, re-
spectively, B. Coli appeared in the Torresdale filtered water basin and at Gardner's •
Point pumping station and at other points of water collection in the several dis
tricts all over the city receiving Torresdale water. This shows that the Torres-
dale filter plant is not an absolute barrier n gainst sewage organisms entering the
water pipe system at times. The period of least efficiency of the filters is likely
to be in the fall and spring months and not during the summer months; but, as has
been seen, the typhoid for 1913 was a summer outbreak.
On Lehigh and Kensington Avenues, near where the boundaries of the Twenty-
fifth, the Thirty -first and the Nineteenth Ward meet, there were extensive changes
in the water mains going on throughout the first six months of the year 1913, due
to the abolition of grade crossings, accompanied by the shutting off of long
lengths of large controlling pipe lines and the sending of water in reverse cur-
rents around through many small distributing pipes. These operations would
naturally affect the water at Stations Nos. 5, 11, and 8 and the putting of the
pipes in commission again would continue the stirred up conditions of the water
for a time longer.
At Lehigh and Frankford Avenues similar operations prevailed for the first six
months during 1912. It will be observed that at the stations mentioned the bacterial
counts for the first seven months of the year 1912, were higher than they were for
the year 1911. These conditions of reverse currents and the stirring up of the
old mud deposits were distinctive and it is believed that they did contribute to
the turbidity and the pollution of the water in a quite extended zone.
There are no known dual pipe connections in the Thirty-first Ward but some
may be found. Those existing in the Eighteenth Ward before October of 1913
would hardly have caused the sea.sonal and the weekly fluctuation and increase in
the water contamination, it is believod, because of the remoteness of Stations Nos
5, 8, and 11 from the river. Furtherfore, these station samples were quite uniform,
indicating that they were within the same ^one of influence, while the samples
collected near the river were different.
From the first part to the end of September, 1911, several large and many small
gate valves were operated on the big Susquehanna Avenue main and small pipes
in the vicinity of North American Street in the Nineteenth Ward, followed by
turbid water even as far as the- river in the Eighteenth Ward.
The stirring up of the mud in the pipes and the accompanying turbidity and
higher bacterial counts are more easily accounted for. Rut the typhoid connection
with water in the mains is not so clearly domonstratod. The summer agencies,
insanitary housing conditions and surface drainage were the same during the year
1913 as they had been in previous years, yet typhoid fever was more prevalent dur-
ing the summer of 1013. That some ponnertion existed between the bad water of
this season and the increase in typhoid in the distriet*^ is recognized as a possibility.
The infection would have to get into the mains either at the filter plant, at
73
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1152
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Lardner's Point, through dual pipe connections, or through polluted pipes oewly
laid, or any or all of these. A summary of the typhoid cnnea for the Miildlf
Kensington water district during 1013 is given in the following table:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT FOB THE
YEAR 1913, JANUARY TO OCTOBER INOLUSIVB— POPULATION 164.000.
Entire
Wardai.
Most of
Ward 1».
Entire
Ward 18.
Part
Ward 20.
Entire
Ward 17.
Entire
Ward 16.
Montb.
Pop.
81,000.
eo.ofe. •
ZZ.WO.
as.MO.
S%.
16?&0.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Total
January
February. ...
March
^f: :::::;::
June
July
Auffuat.
September. ..
October
11
12
8
7
10
^
S
11
•
»
m
m
n
u
s
Total, ..
26
61
44
86
28
28
at
m
Rate
per 100,000,
84
-
162
156^
186
175
As soon as the frost carae out of the ground and the season had fairly opeord.
typhoid fever increased in every ward of the district. The two vacation months
were the highest, contiuuing into September and October as is customary with
vacation typhoid.
Some of the January, February, March, and April cases and perhaps a few
in May, are possibly attributable to imperfectly filtered water from Torresdale.
Some bad water may have passed through the filters in the latter part of August
and the last third of September and nrst third of October. It ahoidd be re-
membered that the Middle Kensington District consumes a very large quantity of
water and that the big mains from Jjardner's Point express the water down into
this district; but this would not account for the summer outbr^eik.
We can account for seventy-two of the cases. Nineteen of them were imported,
thirteen were contacts, nine were secondarv, eight were probably neighborhood
infection, eleven drank raw river water and there were several other causes all
included in the following table:
CLASSIFICATION OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES ACCOUNTED FOR DURING l>18-^AinjA«T
TO OCTOBER, INCLUSIVE, IN WARDS OR PARTS OF WARDS LYING WITHIN THl
MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT.
Classlflcatlon.
1
Wards.
Totals.
81.
19.
18.
20.
17.
16.
Imported
2
8
1
0
2
3
0
2
0
11
4
1
1
t
0
A
11
f
Iflvpr Batbina
1
Contact
9 1 2 , U
0 1 a * 1
Drinking raw river water.
Raw shell fish
River boattne,
Raw vegetables
Milk.
J i H
0 ' i
Neighborhood Infection,..
11 n
Total
•
9
24
15
6
1
Digitized by
Goo
Rle
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1153
The typhoid fever cases unaccounted for might have been cleared up in many
instances by reinspection or had the original inspection been made more pains-
takingly. The cases of undetermined origin by months are given in the following
table:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES OF UNDETERMINED ORIGIN IN THE THIRTY-FIRST.
EIGHTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH. AND SIXTEENTH WARDS. AND THOSE PARTS OF
THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH WARDS WHICH COMPRISE THE MIDDLE KENS-
INGTON WATER DISTHICTS—1913. POPULATION 164,000.
a
i
i
Ck
<
1
1
1
<
1
1
t
Total cascB,
8
11
7
6
4
a.
1 "
20 1 30
1 ^*l *
31
24
42
22
26
15
21S
Undetermined origin.
146
These cases of undetermined origin are not conclu.sive. Reinspcctions would
Srobably change the table ligures: and the remainder would perhaps not all be
ue to water. Dual pipe connections are suspected and they would operate all
the months in the year. Of course one influence affects another. More typhoid
infection being in the river from the city sewers this summer than other summers
would naturally make the dual connections more potent as a menace throughout
1913. This does not seem, however, to be a sufficient explanation for the big
summer rise in typhoid which occurred in the wards far back from the river
along which the known dual connections existed. The Torresdale filtered water
was comparatively good during the summer, so suspicion for the summer rise, due
to bad water, is directed to the contamination possibly incident to the putting of
newly laid pipes into commission. These pipes were not cleansed and disinfected
and they wore subject to sewage contamination on the streets and in the trenches,
and it would be strange if some typhoid did not result, but it is impossible directly
to trace the connection, although there are suspicious circumstances in the Twenty-
fifth. Thirty-first, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Wards. Of course, if the bncillus
typhosus can live for several years in mud, in water pipes, then there is established
a complete chain of evidence between the bjid water of the year 1913 and the
summer typhoid outbreak. It might be well to make laboratory experiments on
this point.
The hnppenings in each wnrd of the district during the last six years relative
to typhoid may throw some light on the probable origin of the typhoid during 1913.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-PTRRT WARD FOR SIX TEARS.
SI, 000.
POPULATION
Month.
■ I
January i *
Febniary , 6
March ' 9
ApHl I 7
May. ' 9F.
June, ' 3
July ' 1
Anmist. I 4
Septrmber 2
October ■. ' 7
November | 5
December, 9
ToUls |6»
1909.
• 15
I 8PF.
I 3
1
1
1
I 4
!l
I 2
I 2
: 3
1010.
Lime.
19U.
■ I ■
Lime.
Lime.
Lime.
Idme.
Lime.
1 Lime.
a Lime.
1 Lime.
1 Lime.
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
2 Lime.
0 Lime.
4 Lime.
1 Lime.
4 Lime.
1913.
4 Lime.
2 JAvae,
0 Lime.
3 Lime.
1 Lime.
3 Lime.
4 Lime.
3 Lime.
5 Lime.
1 Lime.
The raw river water intake, at Lardner's Point pumping station, was closed
down in July, 1907, when the Torresdale filter plant was put in operation and all
of the water, whether filtered or not, wns delivered from the Torresdale plant to
the city. Probably, this intake has not since been opened.
73—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1154
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
In July, 1907, twenty-five slow sand filters were put in service, supplying fortj
million gallons of filtered water to the consumers. The balance of the water sup-
plied was raw, from the river. In November, 1907. other units had been added
and sixty million gallons of filtered water were delivered daily. On March 1st,
1908, all of the filters were in commission and the output was increased to eighty
million gallons, and in May, of 1908, the maximum yield, without pre-filters, ot
110,000,000 gallons daily was reached. So we may consider that from May, 1908,
all of the water was filtered, although at times it was not perfectly filtered.
In February of 1909 the preliminary filters were started and they have since
been ii^ continuous service.
In December, 1910, and through to April of 1911, hypochlorite of lime was used
to disinfect the effluent. Its u.se was discontinued until December, 1911, and since
then it has been continuously applied.
With this uuderstandins: the table can be studied. The introduction of all
filtered water, in May, 1908, reduced the typhoid fever, and the pre-filters reduced
it further. In the period of ten months that intervened between all the water
being sand filtered and the starting of the proliminarj- filters, there were sixty-
three cases, and for the same ton month period subsequent to the installation of th*?
pre-filters there were only twenty-seven oasos. The sand filters, without pre-
treated water, were unable to keep the typhoid down in the winter of 1908-1909
The winter of 1909-1910 also witue.««sod a lesser typhoid rise, so hypochlorite of
lime disinfection was effected for the winter of 1910-11. The winter before the*
disinfectant was applied, in five months, November to ^larch, inclusive, there
were nineteen cases. The winter when hypochlorite of lime was applied had
eighteen cases, and since the disinfectant has been continuously applied the
typhoid has been less in the winter. For the winter of 1911-1912 there were five
cases, and for the winter 1912-1913 there were eleven cases.
For the open season of seven months (April to October, inclusive) there ha*?
been more typhoid fever during 1913. in the Thirty-first Ward, than for any other
season during the last six years, excepting 1908, which is shown in the table
following:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Thirty-first Ward in the Open Season for Six Years.
Year.
1908. 1909.
I
1 .
1910.
1911. ■ 1912. 1*13.
C&seB
S3! 13
17
14 13 ao
A discussion relative to the typhoid cases in the Nineteenth Ward has already
been given together with a table showing the cases for the six year period, 190S
to 1913 inclusive. It is probably true that the introduction of filtered water in
May, 1908, reduced the typlioid fever but the cases occurred in spite of this
purification and hence are reasonably attributable to other causes as well as water.
The pre-filtered waters must have helped out some but again their effect is not
as marked as would be expected. In a period of ten months that intervened h(^
tween all of the water being sand filtered and the starting of the preliminary fil-
ters, there were a hundred and twenty cases, and for the same ten month period
subsequent to pre-filtrntion there were seventy-four cases only, which is n good
showing, but the reduction is not so appamnt for the summer months, the savin?
being mostly in the cold months. The sand filters without pre-treated water were
not able to keep the typhoid down in the winter of inOS-1909. the following winter
witnessing a lesser typhoid rise. The next winter disinfection was used and this
has been followed by a decrease in the winter typhoid.
As may be noted from the table following there has been more typhoid during:
the open' season, April to October inclusive, for 1913 in the Nineteenth Ward than
in any other season during the last five years, excepting 1908.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Nineteenth Ward in the Open Season For Six Tears.
Year.
!
1 1908.
i
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912
f
IMS.
Cases.
73
42
26
34
31
SS
Digitized by
Go
OS
tie
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1155
This table brings out prominently the summer typhoid for 1913 and its significance
is that the origin of the cases would naturally be sought in other causes than in im-
perfectly filtered water. Something happened this year or contaminating infection
was more extensive.
The Eighteenth Ward lies wholly within the water district and being along
the river formerly contained dual pipe connections which have been severed. A
table has already been given showing the typhoid fever cases in this ward for six
years and about the same effect due to the introduction of filtered water was noted
. in this ward as in the Nineteenth Ward. Here however for the open season for
seven months, April to October inclusive, there is more typhoid fever during
1913 than for any other season during the last six years, 190S not excepted, shown
clearly in the following table:
• Typhoid Fever Cases in the Eighteenth Ward in the Open Season For Six Years.
Year.
1908.
1909.
1910.
19U. '
1912.
1913.
Cases.
16
17
24
28,
16
88
This is a striking situation not noted for any other ward thus far studied, and
so it points to other causes than city water improperly filtered at Torresdale. The
infection was more extensive throughout the open season in the Eighteenth Ward.
If the city water contributed in any way, it probably was due to the infection of
the watA" while in the ward and not before. There were dual pipe connections. We
judge from the samples of the city water collected in the ward that the sewage
organism is always present in the water pipes but not in all of the water in tlse
pipes and this throws a strong suspicion on the dual pipe connections but would
not account for the excess of summer or open season typhoid unless the river water
has been more strongly impregnated with the typhoid poison this year. It should
be noted, however, that the typhoid cases whose origin is undetermined practically
ceased after the known dual connections were severed.
Practically the same remarks may be made about the Twentieth Ward as to the
effect of the filtered water in this locality. The table showing the typhoid fever
cases in the ward for six years has already been given. The sand filters and the
pre-treated water alone were not able to keep down the typhoid fpver rate, so
disinfection was resorted to with a successful outcome. The winter before the hypo-
chlorite of lime was applied for the five month period — November to March inclusive —
there were forty-two cases, while in the following winter with the disinfection in
use there were only ten cases and since the disinfectant has been continuously
applied the winter typhoid has never gone back to as high a rate as obtained prior
to the use of the chemical.
The table following shows the cases during the open son son of the year and indi-
cates that there were more typhoid fever cases during 1913 in the Twentieth Ward
than in any other season during the last five years, except 1008,
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Twentieth Ward in the Open Season for Six Years.
Year.
Cases.
1
1911. 1912.
J .
1913.
The same remarks may be applied to the Seventoonth Ward in relation to the
question of water supply. A disinfectant was retpiirrd apparently to keep down
the typhoid fever rate in this ward and its erPect is manifest in the table, showing
the cases for the last six years already given.
For the open season of seven months (April to October inclusive) there was more
typhoid fever during 1913 in the Seventeenth Ward than for any other season during
the last five years excepting 1909.
Digitized by
Google
1156 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Typhoid Fever Gases in the Seventeenth Ward in the Open Season For Six Years.
Tear.
1908.
1909. 1 1910.
19U.
1
1912. 1»13.
Cases,
19
1
31' 15
1
6
8 ' S
I
This looks as though there were local causes for the 1913 typhoid.
Practically the same facts obtain relative to the Sixteenth Ward, a discussion
of which has already been given. The open season report for this ward is shown
in the following table from which it appears that the typhoid fever rate for 1913
was higher in the Sixteenth Ward than for any other season during the last fire
years, except during 1908.
Typhoid Fever Gases in the Sixteenth Ward in the Open Season For Six Tears.
Year. 1908.
1909. 1910.
1911.
1
1912. 1913.
1
Gases 1 90
7
"
8
S
It is now possible to summarize the effect of typhoid fever reduction in the Middle
Kensington water district by the introduction of pre-filtered and sand filtered water.
In the following table are shown the typhoid fever cases occurring in the Middle
Kensington water district during the ton month period — May, 1908. to March.
I90S^when sand filtered water only was supplied at Lardner's Point statiou and
also during the ten months period from May, 1909. to February, 1910, inclusive,
when the water was first mechanically filtered and then sand filtered. The typhoid
fever cases are total for wards lying wholly or in part in the district.
CASES OF TYPHOID FEVER IN THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT.
Ward.
Ten Months Before Double Fil-
tration, May, 1908 to
March, 1909.
Ten Months After Double FU
tratloD. May. 1909 to
March, 1910.
SI
68
27
1»
120
74
18
47
U
20
121
63
17
46
4o
16
54
9
Total
430
219
So the sand filters alone did not accomplish all of the reduction. The use of
the preliminary filters were followed by a reduction of forty-two per cent, m
typhoid fever cases.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1157
TYPHOID FEVER GASES DURING THE WINTER MONTHS— NOVEMBER TO MARGH
INGLUSrVB-FOR THE LAST SIX YEARS IN THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER
DISTBdOT.
Sand
Filters.
Sand and
Pre-Pllters.
Sand and
Pre-Filters
also Hypo-
chlorite.
Sand and
Pre-Fllters
Sand and
Pre-Pilters
also Hypo-
chlorite.
Wart.
1906-09.
190»-10.
IdlO-U.
19U.12.
1512-lt.
Typhoid
Cases.
Typhoid
Cases.
Typhoid
Cases.
Typhoid
Cases.
Typhoid
Gases.
SL
40
19
41
21
42
ao
7
18
20
U
10
4
S
6
9
14
18
9
7
11
S: ::::::::::::...:
77
11
18
40
12
29,
90
14
17,
29
s
i«
82
10
1
Total.
, 308
160
66
»
61
1 ^
During the winter months when the water is the worst douhle filtration reduced
typhoid fever sixty-five per cent, the first winter and the next winter hypochlorite
of lime reduced it about in the same ratio and has kept it there ever since for the
winter months.
In the table which follows the typhoid fever cases are given for the Middle Kensing-
ton water district from April to October inclusive, the cases for the entire wards
being shown:
Digitized by
Google
1158
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
1^
<
"A
o
o
m
<
m
;5
Ph
O
Sg
'0
aa
02
O
p-t
H
K
t' .
5*
Qm
as
=1"
1
SS?S!$?!S3
§
sin
TS-O
ca
OS OS
CO
2 .
0) 4)
4JZ
3"C
£5
P^v^-
(D
o
if
5
sssg*«
§
•o-g
ad
a-
. B
0)
-w
s
?
SS?5S1«»S3
S
a^
u
«
•a
a
ti
m
m
b
«
a
t
"i
i
UiSSSS^i^S
g
■oS
«
fl
o
«
■o
a
«
M
c
<U
a
2
:i
i
25?5::J353^'
^
D*^
O
a
•o
a
C8
OQ
e
4>
•
^^
S
gJfSS^SS
%
eS
N
■§"
O
JS
■2
OS
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1159
The general observation might be made that the preliminary filters reduced the
summer typhoid as shown iu the above table about thirty-tive per cent. The
hypochlorite of lime apparently exerted but very little influence and noue whatever
during 1913 for the summer months. In other words the great rise iu typhoid
fever in the Middle Kensington district, amounting to as many cases as before
preliminary filtration, was not due to Torresdale water, but to other causes, and
they have been already explained above.
LOWER KENSINGTON WATER DISTRIC5T.
The wards contained in the Lower Kensington water district are the Fourteenth,
Thirteenth, Twelfth, and Eleventh. Ward Eleven has a population of 12,000, lies
along the river between Vine and Poplar Streets and south of the Sixteenth Ward.
Ward Twelve lies immediately to the west and also south of the Sixteenth Ward,
and has a population of 15,000. Those, two wards receive substantially the same
kind of water as that is supplied to the Sixteenth Ward.
Ward Thirteen has a ponulation of 20,000. It lies between Vine and Poplar
Streets, is west of the Twelfth Ward and south of the Twentieth. Ward Fourteen
is immediately west of Ward Thirteen and south of Ward Twenty, having a popu-
lation of 19,000. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Wards receive substantially the
same water as is supplied to the lower portion of the Twentieth Ward. The four
wards, forming a tier and having a total population of 67,000, are a district in
themselves because they are shut off from water communication with surrounding
wards except those to the north in the Middle Kensington District. Hence any
water delivered in the pipe system here would be likely to remain there and circu-
late until used.
In Ward Eleven a sampling station was established by the City Water Bureau
at North Second and Brown Streets in October, ini.3. The State Health Depart-
ment used this station also and in the following table are given the results of the
analyses. It will be noted that during the month of October the results showed
the presence of B. Coli quite frequently, but that in November and December B.
Coli were absent most of the time. These results do not call for any special com-
ment for they are not of any particular signilicance except as corroborative of
analyses taken in wards above:
SPECIAL ANALYSES BY CITY AND STATE AT NORTH SECOND AND BROWN STREETS
WARD ELEVEN. 191.3. oxna^tsLH,
October.
November.
December.
City.
State.
State.
State.
DajB.
Total
count 1
B.
Coll
1
Total
count
Pink. CoU,
col. '
Ic.c.
1
Total
count ,
1
1
i
Pink,
col. ,
B.
Coll.
Ic.c.
Total
count
Pink,
col.
B.
ColL
Ic.c.
lOc.c.
Ic.c.
1
2
" iii,
"to
"iso
■'74
■■'63
'26
1 ::::::■
"*'+' ::::::
" + '.'.'.'.'.:
"■'+ "766
"*'+ 'ko
' 300
452
+ 120
"■'+ "566
1 1,800
4- , 450
1,000
eoo
+ 200
60
! 66
1 80
1 1 150
w
6 4
'""2 i
0 0
2' 1
1 , 0
""*8 3
2 1
6 4
4 1
8 3
1 1
0' 0
0 0
0' 0
2| 2
Oj 0
30
18
100
1
"is,
60
48
61
80
200
40
45
60
1
IS
6
15
13
21
17
12
8
0
0
0
6
I
0
0
8
1
0
0,
0.
01
0
0;
0,
0
1 :
V
0
Si
0
0
0
■'"6
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Die
SO
36
20
?«
|-«
14
16
1 6
' 16
1
1
1
1
itized b
1
0' 0
4
1: ::::::::::::
0 0
1 0 0
1 ....'! ....".
0, 0
d 0
1 0, 0
0 0
0 < 0
, < ^
7
g
1 ....::::::::
10
u
12
18,
14
16
}?' :•:::::::::•
' :::::: ' ::::::
is;
19
ao
a
1 =
' 1 ....!.'
1
/GOOQ
lidd
ElGttta ANNUAL REt>OM? OF T]ttE
Oft. Doc.
October.
Kbrember.
December.
City.
State.
State.
State.
Days.
a\>tai
coant
B. Goli
Total
coant
Pink,
col.
B.
CoU.
ToUl
count
Pink.
coL
B.
Coll.
Total
count
Pink.
GOL
B.
CoU.
Ic.c.
lOc.c.
Ice.
Ice.
Icc.
27,
28.
29,
SO.
31.
86 '
70
45
01
0'
^t
0
8
0
0
1 1
13
0
6
1»
3
3
36
0
0
••
The typhoid fever cases in the Eleventh Ward for the last six years are shown
in the following table. It will be noted that for the year 1908, there was less
typhoid fever immediately after the slow sand filters were put in operation, but
Uiat for the winter of 1908-1909 there was again a rise until the preliminary niters
were installed when the typhoid fever dropped off to a greater degree, but was
^ present during the summer : but the following winter there were as many cases as
in previous winters, but less in the summer of 1910. Hypochlorite of lime was ap-
plied the winter of 1910-1911, and was followed by a reduction in typhoid. It was
discontinued in May and again applied in December, 1911, and has since been
used continuously. There has been less typhoid reported in the Eleventh Ward
for the year 1913 up to November 1st, than at any other time during the last five
years. These cases were scattered all over the ward.
Digitized by
Google
So. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF ttEALTH.
1161
o
p
o
g
I
»
m
►
H
fo
o
04
i
BaaaaaasBa
eeeoMOr-iMMe
CO
i
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
0 Lime.
2 Lime.
0 Lime.
1 Lime.
S Lime.
S Lime.
1 Lime.
1 Lime.
1 Lime.
S
1
0 Lime.
2 Lime.
0 Lime.
2 Lime.
0 Lime.
6
2
0 Lime.
*
1
..._..j
M
i
S5
i
i9
Month.
January
February,
March
A??.'-.::::::::::::::::::::::::
June,
July
AujruBt.
September
October
November
December
a
1
Digitized by
Google
1162
EIGHTH ANNUAL IIP^PORT OF THE
Off. Doc,
The Eleventh Ward is paved and sewered. Its population is made up of mixed
nationalities, Jewish, Polish, and the like, with the Jewish inhabitants predomi
nating. It is a river ward. For the open season of .seven mouths (April lu
October inclusive) there was less typhoid during 1913 than for 11)12 and about
the same as for the year 1910-1911.
Typhoid Fever in the Eleventh Ward in the Open Season For Six Years.
i$ia
Cases,
Of the eight eases of typhoid for 191.3 one is thought to have been imported froia
down town; one charged to river water; and one a poS.sible conbict case, lefivinj
five unaccounted for.
In the Twelfth Ward the city has maintained a sampling station — No. 15— looatt'd
at 712 North Fifth Street. Here samples have been colli'ctod and totiil (>>unts
made for three years. The city began in May, 1913, to make B. Coli determina
tions. The results of analyses are shown in the following tables:
ANALYSES AT STATION NO. 15 LOCATED AT 712 NORTH FIFTH STREET-TWELTTH
WARD.
Total Count.
1912.
ISll.
Total Count.
ToUl CouBt.
Month.
January, .
February,
March, ...
April
May
June
July
AufTUBt, ..
September,
October. .
November,
Deceml)er.
Ave.
„..J
Min.
Ave.
Max.
MtQ.
Ave.
Max.
18
40,
8
56,
aso
' 1
10'
64
90
14
2R
8
log I
630
6
24
lis
11
15 '
R
69
280
15
41
MO
19
30
16
46
115
18
209
P2i
25
60
10
108 '
360
15
199
•no
72
210
20
48
115
4S
175
S«)
97
16&.
12
31
180
10
63
IW
32
115
10
40
130
5
94
9»
57
3.V)
10
72
500
10
180
500
¥>
220
10
60
475
8.
65
ISO
92
270
15
85
160
10
44
176
,0,
67
240
10
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1163
o
1^
o
O
M
I
o
o
I
n
5a
Hi
§ I
i
n
3S
^1
as
: : +
§ : : : :f3
5«
+ :+ : +
I :+ : +
:+ + : : I :+
+ :+::! : |
::+;+:::::+
+ :| : :| :| :| : :| :| :+: : :|
S :« : :3 :S :8 : :5 :a":§5 : : :^
:+ .+ :+ : :+ :+ '
• ^ -t^ '8 I :?3 :" :S
:+
+ :+ :
+ : I ;
S :S
+ : I
^ :S :
+ :+: I : : :
S5 :$ :K : :^
+ : :+
+ :
$S
I : I : 1 : :
I : f: I 7 :
1 7:77+7
J§ : :« :aT
+ :' : :'
^ i^i :'
rHe4eO'vud(oc<.ooo>Oi-icac>9«4<katet>
s^z^assssj^ss
Digitized by
Google
1161
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
These results are corroborated in a general way by the tests made in other
wards.
The State Department of Health on October 14th, 1913, took a series of muddy
water samples at a fire hydrant at Green and Orianna Streets in the Twelfth Ward
and in the following table the results of analysis are given:
SERIES OF MUDDT WATER TESTS BT STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT AT FIRE HYDRANT
AT GREEN AND ORIANNA STREETS, TWELFTH WARD, OCTOBER 14. 19U.
Sample.
1 Tap, at Barker M. & M. Store,
a Hydrant
3 Hydrant
4 Hydrant
6 Hydrant
6 Hydrant
7 Hydrant,
8 Hydrant.
Hour of Collection.
Noon
Noon,
12.50 P. M.,
1.10 P. M.,
2.00 P. M..
8.00 P. M.,
4.00 P. M..
5.00 P. M.,
Bacteria
per
c. c.
Total.
1
Pink Col. 1 B. Odii.
1
80
1
360
0
140
140
200
140
150
120
0
This hydrant had been flushed early in the day by the city so that when the State
at noon opened up the hydrant, nothing but clear water came out, showing that
the pipe had been thoroughly flushed that morning. But the sample of the tap
water at the Barker store show^ed B. Coli, which indicated that the stirring up
of the mud had contaminated that sampling water previously.
In the following table typhoid fever cases reported for the last six years for the
Twelfth ward are shown. There was an increase in typhoid fever during the sum-
mer of 1913 over that for the last two years. As in the other wards the slow sand
filters at Torresdale reduced the typhoid fever somewhat, followed by a greater
reduction when prefilters were added, and followed by a still greater reduction,
when hypochlorite of lime was applied, for the winter months.
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1165
o
o
xn
GO
i
B^aaaaasal
aaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaa
«H«-40lOr-IO,HN«r-lr-liH
M ^ vH O O -H (0 <i« e
»-Me4Wr-<OiH»-r«lHO^
Digitized by
Google
nee eighth annual report of the off. doc
In the following table are given the typhoid fever eases in the Twelfth Ward dur-
ing the open season for six years:
Typhoid Fever Oases in the Twelfth Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Inclusive — For Six Years.
Of the twenty -one cases, seven occurred in Augiist in a group, the circumstances
pointing to a possible neighborhood infection. This is in a locality between Poplar
and Brown Streets and principally on North Lawrence and North Leigthgow
Streets. Outside of this group the cases are scattered all over the ward and it
is mere speculation to attempt to account for the origin of the disease. This ward
is a congested residential section with a mixed population, Jews predomination.
The houses are of two and three stories, closely built, mostly tenement dwellings with
considerable kitchen drainage and wash water discharged into street gutters, prin-
cipally in the neighborhood of the group outbreak mentioned . The streets are sew-
ered and poorly paved.
No samples of water were collected in the Thirteenth Ward and no station has
been maintained there. In character it is similar to the Twelfth Ward and gets
the same water.
In the following table are given the typhoid fever cases in the Thirteenth Ward
for the last six years. It will be noted that the disease was much more prevalent
during the summer of 1913 than in 1912. Furthermore, the comments relative to
the r^uction in typhoid following slow sand filtration , pre-filtration and hypochlorite
treatment made for other wards are generally applicable here:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEAT/TH.
lie?
m
QQ
>
o
H
^
s
9
i
aa||gaasaa
aaajaaaaaajl
«H de« o o vH «oia«o 9 iHO
aaaa
«0 M w e« e« e K M n ft |.« vH
w M e^ M «9 T-i ^- ^■ *• <« tH 1-1
t6Mt-ri4e4MMe4t«NT-iaO
3
I
i^ii
M
Digitized by
Google
1108
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. I>oc.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Thirteenth Ward in the Open Season— Apnl to
October Inclusive— For Six Years.
Tear.
1908
1909
1910
mi
1212
ins
Cftfes,
80
25
12
22
12
31
The twenty-six cases for 1013 were found divided into four neighborhood groups
with more or less suspicion that this grouping may have had something to do with
the local spread of the disease. But of the twenty-six cases two were imported
from out or the city, and two possibly were secondary cases; three were children
attending Warner School that looked like contact cases, leaving nineteen cases un-
accounted for.
In the Fourteenth Ward there were two spednl sampling stations established in
October, 1913. The city coUected the samples and analyzed them and also estab-
lished another special station in the Twelfth Ward, the results of the bacteri<^ogical
tests of these waters being shown in the following table:
RESULTS OF
▲NALYBS
OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS. ANAL-
YSES IN OCTOBER, 1912.
N. ith ft Fainnonnt.
12tb Ward.
, Vine St. near Broad,
14tb Ward.
N. 10th ft Vine Sts..
Mth Ward.
Day.
Total
Count.
B. Coll.
Total
Count.
i
B. Coll.
Total
Count.
B. Coli.
lc.c.
10C.C.
Icc. 1 10C.C.
1
1
Ice. lOC.C.
i :::::::::::::
120
220
966
62
62
240
220
+
+
' i
1 120 —
X'
1
27 1 — —
l :::::::::::
4
5
1:::::::::: :::::::: ;::::::::j
62 — —
i iio — +'
1 lib '•*- ■*-
f; 1
e
— ■ 4-
87 — -H
?; ::::::::::::::
8,
+
4I'
87 — -
9
10
84 — 4
11
S: ::::::::;:::::
27
74
1 ci
1 ^
- +
-; +'
82 — ^
S: :::::::::::::
4. 1 X.'
166 — ^
1»
17,
+
....
26 11 ^
18
19
"1
20 -
80
9\ — —
■
1
Typhoid fever cases occurring in the Fourteenth Ward for the last six years are
given in the following table. Several things will be noted in studying this taWe.
First, that the disease dropped off in 1908 after the water was filtered, but that
it returned in the winter of 1908-1909. Furthermore, the preliminary filters did not
seem to reduce the disease any for the year 1909, and there was plenty of typhoid
in the ward during the year 1910, until hypochlorite of lime was applied in December
of that year. That winter was the first one with a low typhoid rate. The sum-
mer of 1911 had less typhoid, but there was an increase in the sommer of 1912
and a slightly greater increase for the year 1913.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1109
o
>^
D
o
<
c
Q
p:
1^
£
EH
M
o
g
«^ «' «' oj d « 6 a; « «
aaaaaaaaaa
ss
s
cJ 0; « «J aJ « ol « « «* c cJ
aaaaaaaasaaa
a
^
a
« «; oj OP »
aaaa a
iH « e O «-l iH f-l ^ 1^ i-l r-i TH
V
s
s
•*
1
s
i
l^
1
8
'
iliv.s/iliri
a
74_14_19I5
Digitized by
Google
1170
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off- Doc.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Fourteenth Ward For Six Years, Open Season — ^Aprll
to October, Inclusive.
Tear.
1906
1909
1910
mi
\
1
1912 1913
Cases
2C
26
19.
!
9 16 16
1
Of the twenty-two cases occurring in the year 1913, one may be chained to river
water, two to imports from out of the city, one known secondary, leaving eighteen
unaccounted for. Of these latter, five worked in five different restaurants and
two in two different bakeries and while employed there they may have been th«f
origin of other cases among customers. These persons were employed in the
Market street district principally, where many thousands dine each day.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS RELATIVE TO THE ENTIRE KENSING-
TON WATER DISTRICT INCLUDING THE UPPER, MIDDLE AND
LOWER SECTIONS.
In the following table the typhoid fever cases by wards for this district for the last
thirteen years are given:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICT FOR THIRTEEN
YEARS.
Wards.
46,
3S.
31.
20,
19,
17.
16,
14.
18,
12,
U.
Total,
190$
1
1904
1905
1906
'499;
91
103
839
486
'"766
647
1907 1906 1900 1910
102
73
53
IM
126
79
go;
170
187
31 '
46
98
89
56 I
47
876 I
100 I
426
42
46
46
811
33'
218 ;
651 '
264
166
108
111
9i
ai9 1
316
ai
364
177'
123
70
98
108
43
64
23'
60
66
53
113
110
33
40
fi2
56
55
39
45 I
19^
85
44
73
117 I
117
68 I
65
S3
61 I
38
27
37 I
1.212 2.026 1,684 8.228, 3,962 2.243
1911 1912 . 1»IS
26
S2
84
44
84
13
22
14
26
18
25 23
22 .v>
45 5:
45 5:;
44 P
83 44
16 S
16 5
20 =
16 a?
16 2:
12 8
By a study of the above table it may be soen that typhoid fever increased up to
the year 1906 and for that year there were over 3,900 cases in the district. The
next year there were over 2.200 cases, but for the year 1008, there were 745 cases
only. This marked reduction must be attributed to the filtering of the water.
The increase for the first ten months of the year 1913, may be charged up. first t.>
the fact that it was a typhoid season , and second, possibly, to some imporffotly
filtered water passing into the distributing system, but it is more probable that
considerable typhoid may have come from the pollution of the water in the pipes
through dual connections. Furthermore, there were imported cases from out of
the city, also contacts and secondary cases in the same household. There were
neighborhood infections, typhoid contracted from drinking water and from con-
tact with it, and there were a large number of cases whose origin has not been
accounted for, some which may possibly be charged to infection from those com-
ing down with the disease or convalescent from it who were employed in restaurants
and public eating places.
The analyses of water collected from the mains show that there was con-
taminated water. Some of this contamination evidently has been due to the
stirring up of muddy deposits in the pipes. The tests made by the State
Health Department showed this mud to contain B. Coli. There may have been
fresh sewage pollution of some of the water in the pipes accompanying the layinjE
of new mains through neglect properly to cleanse the pipes before they were laid
in the trench or before they were put in commission.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1171
It is known that at times the preliminary filters at Torresdale are unable properly
to pretreat the water, and it is known also that the sand filters at times let through
water that is imperfectly filtered. Attention should first be directed to putting
the Torresdale filtration plant in a condition capable of always delivering a per-
fectly filtered water. The city should satisfy itself that no dual connections are
now in existence, and a removal of such deposits of mud in the pipes as may be
necessary should be accomplished in order that muddy water never may be
drawn from the taps in the dwellings and properties connected to the water works
system. It is impossible to assure the water consumers of the purity of the supply
as long as muddy water appears from the faucets.
TORRESDALE EflGH SERVICE-OAKLANE WATER DISTRICT.
The Torresdale High Service, or Oak Lane District, lies directly west of the
Kensington District, extending west to the Queen Lane District. The northern
comer of the Torresdale High Service District is at the southern border of the Wentz
Farm Low Service District.
Generally speaking this Torresdale High Service District extends north from
Callowhill Street to Sedgley and Allegheny Avenues and from North Seventh
Street on the east to North Twenty-seventh Street and Sedgley Avenue on the
west. The territory thus outlined is irregular in shape with a maximum width
of one and three-quarters miles and a length of three miles north and south. In
this territory 190,000 persons dwell. The district comprises the Forty-seventh Ward
entire and parts of the Fifteenth, Twentieth, Twenty -eighth, Twenty -ninth. Thirty-
second, Thirty-seventh, and Forty-third Wards.
The water supply for the high service district is from Lardner's Point pumping
station and reaches this territory either directly through the mains or by way of
the Wentz Farm reservoir, the Oak I^ane Reservoir, and the Corinthian reservoir,
from w^hich latter is it possible that at times water from the Queen Lane filter plant
may pass into the district. Taken as a whole the wards enumerated above re-
ceive water supplies from various sources and in the following table are shown
these sources, together with populations and tvphoid fever cases for the first ten
months in 1913.
Digitized by
Google
1172
EIGHT^H ANNUAL REPORT OF TUB
Off. l)oc
s
O
M
Xil
El
►J
<3
P
o
H
H
55
«s
^t
O
Q
O
w
Q
;?;
<i
c
i
p
P4
2
Si
»~SSS8$;8
la
55
fiOOTHOOCfiaOC
s*s
^1
•_^.
§3
§§§§
§§
6§
§§§l§l§§
^2
::::§:
; i i ia ;
a : i i i ;
•tn
17
^is
1
9&^ISSS^R:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1173
In the following table are shown the distribution of the 211 cases of typhoid fevsr
for 1913 in these various wards by months:
Month.
January, .
February,
March, ...
6K»'..::::
Jane
July, .. ..
August, ...
September,
Octolier, ..
TOUl.
Wards.
I
o
87
28
S2
20
47
2»
15
•
8
9
16
20
20
SL
46
87
4
Ifi
22
8
24
90
62
28
17
80
ZU
The Torresdale High Service Water District territory is bounded by a line
drawn as follows: Beginning in the Forty-third Ward at the corner of Sedgley
Avenue and North Sixth Street, thence south on North Sixth Street to Tiehigh
Avenue, the southern terminal of the Forty-third Ward, thence along liehigh
Avenue west to North Eighth Street, south on North Eighth Street through the
Thirty-seventh and Twentieth Wards to Jefferson Street, west on Jefferson Street
to North Twelfth Street, south on North Twelfth Street to Girard Avenue thence
west along Girard to North Broad Street, along North Broad Street south to
Callowhill Street, west on Callowhill Street to the Schuylkill River, thence north
along North Twenty-seventh Street through the Fifteenth, Twenty-ninth and
Thirty-second Wards to Sedgley Avenue and along this avenue northeasterly
through the Thirty-second, Twenty-eighth, Thirty -seventh, and Forty-third Wards,
to the point of starting. Each ward wholly or in part in this high service district
will now be discussed individually, beginning at the north and ending at the
southern end of the territory with the Fifteenth Ward.
Forty-third Ward: The Forty-third Ward, as relates to typhoid fever, has already
been fully discussed under the Frankford and Wentas Farm reservoir water districts
and the details need not be enumerated here. Briefly, the entire ward has a popula-
tion of 43,000, of whom 9,000 live in the Torresdale high service district. Here,
in 1913, there were six cases of typhoid fever. Of these, three were imported and
one was a contact case, leaving two unaccounted for. In the entire ward, twenty-
two cases occurred, twelve in the Wentz Farm reservoir district, three in the
Roxborough low service district and one in the Queen Lane. All of these were
accounted for including the six in the Torresdale high service- district, except
seven cases. For the sake of uniformity with the wards that are to follow in this
district, the table showing the typhoid fever in the Forty-third Ward for six years
is repeated.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE FORTY-THIRD WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
48,000.
POPULATION
January, . .
FebmaiTi •
March
tSSl' ::.:::
June,
July
Anjrost. ...
September,
October, . .
November,
December,
Total,
Month.
1908
1900
1910
1911
1912
191S
14
4
1
11
1
6 1
7
S
0
2
a
0
0
0
0
1
1 ' 1
4
3
S< 4
: 1
i
4
1
6
9
2
1
4
87
48
81
»
S»
22
The above table shows the cases of the entire ward, irrespective of water dis-
tricts:
Digitized by
Google
1174
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. I>oc.
Thirty-seventh Ward: The next ward south is the Thirty-seventh. All but a
small portion of the northern end of this ward is contained in the Torresdale hi^l!
service district. The ward has a total population of 23,000 and it is estimated that
18,000 persons dwell in the high service district the remaiuine 7,000 Viving in tlic
Oueen Lane district, Sedgley Avenue forming the divide. The following t^bie sho^rs
tne typhoid fever cases in the entire ward for six years. It will be noted that for
the last three years there was a considerable reduction in cases over the first three
years shown. This may be due to more careful operation of the filter plants or
possibly the use of hypochlorite of lime at the filter plants. Except for the year
1913, the location of the cases in this ward as to water districts have not beeD
studied. For 1913, all of the cases are located in the Torresdale high service dis-
trict, scattered pretty well throughout that part of the ward served with the
Torresdale water.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-SEVENTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULA-
TION 28,000.
Month.
Jannai?', .
February,
March, ...
April
May
June
July,
Aognst. . .
September,
October. .
November,
December,
Total,
24
1910
25
6
5
5
2
0
1 '
21
4
3i
0|
66
1911
1915
1913
0 '
1 ■
0
2
0'
0
0"
0
0.
1
There is nothing especially significant in the typhoid in this ward as relates
to seasons as will be shown in the following table of typhoid occurring during the
open season except that all of the cases for 1913 occurred during the open season
from April to October inclusive. As will be shown later half of these cases are
accounted for.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Thirty -seventh Ward in the Open Season, April to
October Inclusive, For Six Years.
CaseB,
190S
1900
1910
1911
1912
9
17
U
'
t
1911
Of the eight cases in 1913, four arc of unknown origin. The causes of the oth«»r
four have been determined as one imported case, two infected in contact with
Delaware River water, one man having worked on a dredge and the other cruised
on the river, and the remaining case a man that worked at the Greenwich coal
piers where a number of cases occurred with the suspicion that the river water t«>
which the men had access was the cause of the infection. Among the eight cases
was a baker who worked at a pretzel bakery, a considerable portion of who8*»
product was sold among school children. This man may have been the cause of
infecting others through this medium.
Twenty-eighth Ward: Direotlv west of the southern end of the Thirty-seventh
Ward lies the Twenty-eighth Ward, Susquehanna Avenue forming the southern
boundary of each wnrd. The eastern half of the ward is in the Oak Lane district
and the western half in the Queen Lane district. Sedgley Avenue, which forms
the divide, passing diagonally across the ward near its centre. It is estimated
that a few more persons live in the eastern thnn in the western end. the w«rd
having a total population of 49,000. It is largely residential in character. The
ward is five blocks wide north and south and extends west from North Broad Street
to Fairmount Park near the Schuylkill River.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX)MMISSIONEB OP HEALTH.
1175
As will be noted in the following table, where are shown the cases of typhoid
fever in the ward for six years, ^ere has been a marked reduction in cases in
the first four years of this period. For 1912 and 1913. there was no reduction over
1911. In these figures the effect of filtered water in the district is indicated. The
Torresdale filtered water was introduced in 1908, the prefilters going into commis-
sion the following year. The Queen Lane filter plant was started in 1911. The
cases for the open season are shown first.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Twenty-eighth Ward in the Open Season, April to
October Inclusive, For Six Years.
Tear.
1908
190
1910
1911
1912
1918
ascs, .
59
58
86
14
14
21
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE TWENTY-EIGHTn WARD FOR SIX TEARS
49,000.
. POPULATION
Month.
1908
1909
ft
1910
19U
1912
1913
Jannarj,
28
11
Febrtiarr ..............^
12 16
12 9
12 11
91 29
7i 3
O' 10
6 2
U 1
11 8
1 0
9 4
March
Anril
Miy ...:..!.....:;..............
July."
Angnst
S'^ptembep,
October
T)Aft«mber ....••...<
Xotal
121 , 91
59
29
24
M
The twenty-four cases occurring: during the first ten months of 1P13 are divided
almost equally between the two water districts, thirteen being located in the
Queen T^ne district and elpven in the Oak Lnne district. These cases for 1913,
by months, for each water district are shown below:
TTPHOID FEVER CASES— 1913— TWENTT-EIGHTH WARD.
Month.
Oak Lane District.
Total for Ward.
0
0
2
4
2
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
Marrh *
3
April '.','.
«
Mjir
1
0
jnly
8
9
0
October
0
Total
11
18
24 .
Digitized by
Google
1170
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
In this ward as in many others in the city the history of cases occurring in the
first half of £he year is incomplete and it has been difficult to assijcn causes of
infection in many of the cases. None of the Twenty-eighth Ward cascs was
returned for reinyestigation . The causes as determined from the data at hand for
each water district in this ward are tabulated below:
TYPHOID FEVBR CASES IN THE TWENTY-EIGHTH WAKD-1913. DETERMINED CAl^SE!
OP INFECTION.
Determioed Causes.
Imported,
Contact,
Worked down town
Driver about town
River bather,
Uiied raw Hhell flsb
Total— Determined causes,
Unknown,
Total— Cases
Water District.
Queen Lane.
Oak Lane.
Total for Ward.
14
Thirty-second Ward: The Thirty-second Ward is just south of the Twenty-eighth.
It is four blocks wide and extends from North Eleventh Street west to Fair-
mount Park. It has a population of 40,000, and is mainly residential in character
Approximately 30,000 persons live in the eastern end of the ward, which is in
the Torresdale high service district, terminating at Sedgley Avenue and North
Twenty-seventh Street, this making up about two- thirds of the total area of the
ward. West of this lies the Queen Lane district with a population estimated at
10,000.
There has been a reduction in typhoid in the years 1912 and 1913 over tbfi
preceeding four years. A table to follow shows the typhoid fever cases for eii
years beginning with 1P06. Filtered water was introduced into a large part of the
ward in 1908, when the Torresdale filters were put into commission. That the
fever in this ward is not uniformly of the seasonal variety is shown in the following
table:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Thirty-second Ward in the Open Season, April to
October, Inclusive, For Six Years.
Year.
Cases,
1908
1909
1»10
19U
uia
40
85
28
U
u
The cases shown above occurred from April to October inclusive. For 19(1R,
1900, and 1910 these cases comprised about half the total number of cases for th'»
year. For the next year by far the greater number of cases for the year occurred
during the open season and this is also true of the years 1912 and 1913. As will
be shown in the following table of cases for the entire year by months for this
same period of time the use of filtered water does not appear to have greatiy re-
duced the typhoid fever. In 1910 and 1912 there were comparatively low totals
but the number of cases in 1913 for the first ten months exceeded those occurrin?
in the entire year for 1912, all but four having onsets in the open season. This
table follows:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1177
TYPHOID PEVBK CASES IN THE THIRTY-SECOND WABD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULATION
40.000.
Month.
Febnuuy, .
Uarrh
April
MV
June ,
Jnlj
AngTut, . . ■
September.
October. . .
NoTonber,
December.
Total,
10
18
1910
The cases shown in the above tables are for the entire wards without any dis-
tinctioii as to water districts. In 1913 from January to October inclusive, thirty
cases of typhoid fever occurred in the Thirty-second Ward. Eighteen of these
were located in the Oak Lane District and twelve in the Queen I-jine District.
Their occurrence by months for each district is shown in the following table:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-SECOND WARD BY MONTHS IN EACH WATER
DISTRICT.
Month.
JannaiT.
Pebniary,
March
April.
mSj
June.
Jnly
Aognst
September,
October. . . .
Total,
Oak Lane District.
Qaeen Lane District. Total for Ward,
80
There are no particularly significant grouping of cases ip this ward, thoy being
scattered fairly well over the entire area. No cases were returned to the city medi-
cal inspectors for reinvestigation. Of the thirty totnl cnses fourteen are classed as
unknowns. The causes of infection as determined for the other sixteen cases are
^own below for each water district:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE THIRTY-SECOND WARD—WIJ-DETERMINED CAUSES
OF INFECTION.
Determined Causes.
Imported,
Contact
Worked down to\ra,
T'sed raw shell flsh,
Donbtfnl diagnosis.
Hlatorx Incomplete,
Total
Unknown
Total
Water District.
Oak Lane District.
Queen Lane District.
18
Total for Ward.
16
M
Digitized by
Google
1178
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc-
Tioeniieih Ward: East of the Thirty-second Ward is the northern half of the
Twentieth Ward, the southern half of this ward lying directly east of the Forty-
seventh Ward. The dividing line between the Oak I^ane and Main Torresdale Water
Districts practically bisects the ward north and south, the eastern half of the
Twentieth Ward being in the Middle Kensington Water District and the western
half in the Oak Lane Water District, the entire ward, however, being supplied
with Torresdale water. In the eastern half of the ward there is an estimated
resident population of 23,000 and in the Oak Lane District it is estimated that 22, Out"
persons reside. Full details respecting the Twentieth Ward have already been given
in the report of the Kensington Water District— and they need not be repeated here,
except to show them in their proper relation to this high service water district.
Briefly, however, fifty- two cases of typhoid fever occurred in this ward in 1913 up
to the end of October. Of this number, thirty -six were in the Middle Kensin«^ton
Water District and sixteen in the Oak J^ne District. Of the former, fifteen have
been accounted for, leaving twenty -one that must be classed as unknown. Of the
sixteen in the Oak Lane district eight are accounted for and the causes of infection
of the remaining eight are undetermined. Thus out of a total of fifty-two cases in
the entire ward, twenty-three have been accounted for and twenty-nine are unde-
termined. For the sake of uniformity there are repeated here two tables showing
the typhoid fever in the ward for six years and the typhoid fever for 1913, separated
as to water districts as weU as the determined causes for cases in each water district.
TYPHOID FEVBR CASES FOR THE ENTIRE TWENTIETH WARD FOR SIX TEARS.
POPULATION 46,000.
Month.
1906
January, . .
February,
March, ....
April
May
June,
July
August. . . .
September,
October, . .
November,
December,
Total.
18
12
8
13
10
6
9
6
7
3
7
22
113
47
11
S
8
7
1
4
1
8
7
8
17
117
1910
2
a
2
2
2
8
7
18
9
4
1911
1S12
S
s
1
c
€
ft
8
8
»
1
TYPHOID CASES FOR 1913 IN THE TWENTIETH WIARD ACCORDING TO THEIR DISTRIBr-
TION IN THE OAK LANE AND THE MIDDLE KENSINGTON WATER DISTRICTS. POPULA-
TION—OAK LANE DISTRICT 22.000; POPULATION— KENSINGTON DISTRICT 23.000. TOTAL
46,000 FOR THE ENTIRE WARD.
Montb.
January, .
February, .
March
April
May
June
July
August, ...
September,
October, .
November,
December,
ToUl.
Middle Kensington Water District.
Oak Lane Water District
Total.
Accounted
for.
S6|
Unaccounted
for.
Total.
16
1$
Accounted
for.
(7ttacconnt«<d
for.
f
1
•
1
1
t
1
1
2
1
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
117d
Determined Causes of Infection.'
Contact Cases, 4 Imported Cases, 3
Secondary Cases, 2 Riyer Boat Case, 1
Imported Cases, 7 Cramp ship-yard, 1
Ritz MUk 2 Contact, 3
Accounted for in Kensington District, 15 Accounted for in Oak Lane District, 8
Forty-seventh Ward. The whole of the Forty -seventh Ward is in the Oak Lane
water district and lies between the Twentieth and the Twenty-ninth Wards, directly
south of the Thirty-second Ward. In 1910, it had a population of 30,000. Within
the confines of this ward Girard College is located. Generally speaking, the ward
is given over to residential purposes. In 1913, from January to October inclusive,
twenty-eight cases of typhoid fever occurred in the Forty-seventh Ward, all but
two of these having their onsets during the open season. Of this total thirteen are
of undetermined origin, one case has an incomplete history, and to the remaining
fourteen causes of infection have been assigned, which are as follows:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Forty -seventh Ward— 1913. Determined Causes of
Infection .
Imported, 7
Contact, 3
Worked down town 3
Delaware River bather, 1
Incomplete history, 1
16
Unknown , 13
28^
These cases are scattered generally throughout the entire ward. The only in-
stance of more than one case in the same household is at Girard College where two
of the students became ill at or near the dose of the summer vacation following
their return to tjie institution from a vacation.
Below are shown tables setting forth the onsets by months of typhoid fever cases
in the ward for six years and also during the open season April to October in-
dusiye — for the same period of time:
TYPHOID FEVER IN THE PORTY-SBVENTH WARD FDR SIX YEARS-POPULATION 80.000.
Month.
•Tanuaiy. . .
Fftbrnary.
March. ...
April,
¥^
Jnne,
July
August, . .
September,
October.
November,
December,
Total,
1908
1009
10
13
10
s
5
2
3
5
7.
2
3,
70
1010
im
uu
4
s
7
2
6
3
2
0
2
10
2
1
42
21
IS
ins
Typhoid Fever Cases
in Forty-seventh Ward During the Open Season, April to
October Inclusive for Six Years.
Year.
1906
1900
1910
1911
1912
191S
ases.
JR
2»
25
11
»
35
Digitized by
Google
1180
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Following the year 1908 with its seventy cases there was a material redaction oi
thirty cases in 1909. The following year there were about the same number of cases.
a total of forty-two. The next year the number of cases had dropped to twenty -one
and the total reached the foUowing year was thirteen. In 1913, the total rose to
twenty-eight. The reduction noted may be accounted for by the introduction of
filtered water into the ward. The reduction during the open season for the first
three years of the period is not so marked. For 1911 and 1912, the cases occurring
during the open season make up about half of the total cases for the year. The
typhoid for the next year— 1913— is practically all in the open season and quite likely
is of a seasonal nature. Of the twenty-eight cases occurring in 1913, twentj-one
are of an age falling between ten and thirty i. e., an age period where the patients
would likely move around considerably and thus be subjected to various forms of
infection .
Twenty-ninth Ward: Directly west of the Forty-seventh Ward lies the Twenty-
ninth Ward, divided equally between the Oak Lane and the Queen Lane Water
Districts, the line of divide being North Twenty-seventh Street. It is estimated
that one-half of the ward's 30,000 population resides in each district. The ward
extends from North Twenty-third Street west to Fairmount Park, a distance of
ten city blocks. It is the same width north and south as the Forty-seventh Ward,
seven city blocks, extending from Poplar Street to Montgomery Avenue and like
the Forty-seventh Ward is mainly residential. Furthermore, the Forty-seventh
Ward is about of an equal size and has approximately the same number of residents.
Except for the year 1913, during the six year period from 1908 to 1913, inclusive,
there have been more cases of typhoid fever in the Twenty-ninth Ward than in the
Forty -seventh . In 1913, in the Forty-seventh Ward, there were twenty-eight cases,
while in tlie same year in the Twenty-ninth, there were only seventeen, but in each
ward all but two of the cases occurred during the open season. In the Twenty-ninth
Ward there has been a continued reduction in the number of cases each year since
1908, when one hundred and eight cases occurred, followed the next year by seventy-
three cases. The following table shows the cases occurring in each year in the
entire ward, without relation to either water district, for a period of six years.
TYPHOID FBVBE CASES IN THE TWENTY-NINTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS.
80.000.
POPULATION*
Month.
January. •
February,
March, ...
April
May
June, ....,
July
ATignst. . .
Septexnwr,
October, .
November,
December,
Total.
11
10 i
12 i
3
2i
2
9
6
1 I
3
1910
13
11 ,
1 I
V.
"\
1
2'
1 I
S I
1911
1912
1913
Below is shown in a table the total number of cases occurring in each year during
the open season from April to October inclusive.
Typhoid Fever Cases in tlie Twent>'-ninth Ward During the Open Season, April
to October Inclusive for Six Tears.
Year.
Gases,
1906
1900
IMO
im
1»12
4i
42
27
15
IS
IMS
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1181
The 1913 cases are sub-divided by water districts and by months, with detennined
causes of infection, in the following table:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE TWENTY-NINTH WARD BY WATER DISTRICTS BY
MONTHS FOR 191S. TOGETHER WITH DETBKMINBD CAUSES OP INFECTION.
Month.
Oak Lane District.
Quoo'i Lane District.
Total for
Ward.
JannaiT
February
Mnrdi
AdtU
1 -contact.
»"
0
0
—unknown.
3— one downtown and ono Im-
ported.
S— one Imported anJ two un-
known
1— downtomi.
a
0
1— unknown,
0
a— one downtown and one un-
known.
1— Imported.
Z-one downtown, ono rlrer
bather and one unknown.
a— one secondary and one im-
ported.
SS^ ..........
JnnOa
July,
AUffOSt
October
Total. ...
S
»
17
The causes of infection as detennined for each water district in the Twenty-ninth
Ward are tabulated below:
Determined Cauacs.
Imported,
Contact at work, .
SccondaiTt
Worked down town,
River bather,
Unknown
Total caRee. ..
Water District.
Oak Lane District.
Queen Lane District.
8
9
Total for Ward.
IT
Fifteenth Ward: The remaining ward in the Oak Lane-Torresdale hieh service
district— is the Fifteenth. This lies south of Poplar Street, extending to Vine Street
and from North Broad Street west to Fairmount Park . There are three water dis-
tricts in this ward. In the extreme northwestern corner, beyond North Twenty-sev-
enth Street, there is a small triangular shaped tract, with an estimated population of
1,000, served from the Queen Lane filter plant; along the southern edge of the ward
between CallowhiU and Vine Streets, there is a narrow strip of territory lying in
the main Torresdale water district and here it is thought 3,000 persons dwell. The
balance of the ward, comprising by far the greater part of the territory and with a
population of 43,000, is in the Oak Lane high service district. This ward, too, like
the others in the district now under discussion is mainly given over to residential
purposes. Along the southern edge the business section encroaches somewhat.
For the year 1913, January to October inclusive, there have been thirty cases of
typhoid fever in the Fifteenth Ward. Of these none was located in the Queen Lane
district, nine were in the main Torresdale district and twenty-one resided in the Oak
Lane district. These are scattered about through the ward without any particular
significance as to grouping. Causes of infection have been determined for twelve of
the thirty cases, leaving eighteen unknown origin. For the cases occurring in the
early part of the year, the data at the disposal of the State officials are meagre. The
history of the cases with onsets later in the year was gone into more minutely by
the city's medical inspectors. None of the cases have been reinvestigated. Below
iit tabular form are shown the cases for 1913, separated as to water districts by
months, with the cause of infection where this has been determined.
Digitized by
Google
1182
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OflP. Doc.
TYPHOID PEVER CASES IN THE FIFTEENTH WARD BY WATER DISTRICTS BY MONTHS
FOR 1913. TOGETHER WITH DETERMINED CAUSES OF INFECTION.
Month.
Oak Lane District.
Main
Torresdale.
Queen Lane
District.
Total for
ward.
January
S?rX.''.-..:::::
Anril
0
0
&
0
2. unknown.
4, downtown, or unknown
(3).
4, downtown, imported, or
unknown (2) .
6, downtown, unknown (8).
imported, public bath.
4, Delaware River, doubt-
ful diagnosis, or un-
known (2).
1, unknown.
0
1, unknown.
0
0
1, unknown.
t
1
0
9
Mky. .::::::;::
9
June • .
^, unknown. ^
9
July
1. imported.
2, imported.
2, imported, or un-
known.
0
0
0
9
AueuBt
September. ••.
8
6
October
0
1
Total. ...
21
»
0
»
Determined Causes of Infection.
Imported
Worked downtown, ....
On Delaware River, . . .
Frequented public bath,
Doubtful diagnosis, ...
Unknown
Total cases
Water District.
Oak Lane
District.
Main
Torresdale.
Queen I.ane
District.
Total for
ward.
11
tt
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE FIFTEENTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULATION 47.000.
Month.
1908
1909
January, .
February,
March, . . .
April, ....
May
June,
July
August. . ■
Septemb<T.
October, .
Novemb«T,
December.
Total.
-I
IB
85|
20'
16;
7I
1
1
6
'^
2\
7
147 I
1910
2
S
8S
8 ,
8
9
8;
15 I
IMl
1911
69j
ISU
1«8
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
118S
Typhoid Fever Ca«eB in the Fifteenth Ward in the Open Season, April to October,
Inclusive, For Six Years.
Year.
1906
1909
1910
19U
1912
65
69
42
2S
17
1»18
As will be noted from the above table there was considerable typhoid fever in
this ward in 1906 and 1909, followed by a material reduction in the next year. In
19II, it again dropped noticeably and for the two remaining years there has not
been much change except that in 1013, for ten months, the total is higher than
for the proceeding year by four cases. All but one of the thirty cases in 1913,
occurred during the open season. The reduction beginning with 1910 very probably
reflects a more general use of filtered water in the district, helped somewhat by
the addition of hypochlorite of lime beginning the latter part of 1910.
Possibly some of the 1913 typhoid is seasonal as twenty-five of the thirty cases
occurred from June to September inclusive and over half of the patients fall
into the class that moves around considerably, that is from ten to thirty years
of age. This group includes five school children, cases of undetermined origin
where onsets occurred during the vacation period.
An interesting feature of the tj'phoid fever in the group of wards just dis-
cussed relates to the age periods. For the eight wards details respecting the
ages of the patients for each ward entire are shown in the following table:
TYPHOID FBVBR CASES BY AGES IN WARDS WHOLLY OR IN PART .IN THE TORRES-
DALE HIGH SERVICE WATER DISTRICT.
Age Period.
CUsBiflcation.
0-4 Infants,
Children,
ia-l», ' Minora,
20-» I Of age. .
30-49 Mid age.
SOf OW age.
Total,
160 or 7&%
51 or 2S%
From the above it may be perceived that 160 or seventy-five per cent, of the
total cases are under thirty years of age and all but twenty-one of these fall
into the age period from ten to twenty-nine or that period of life when one
naturally expects considerable activity and moving about, affording many oppor-
tunities for infection. On the other hand these figures arc significant since in a
water-borne infection more cases are expectt^d in the younger agr periods than
in persons having reached a greater age. This is especially marked under circum-
76
Digitized by
Google
1184
EIGHTH ANNUAL BEPOBl? OF THeS
Off. Doc.
stances where a filtered water supply to the public is of comparatively recent
occurrence because the older persons to a greater or less extent have became im-
munized as it were by long continued use of a water supply that is not above
suspicion .
The table following shows the determined causes of infection for this entire
district separated according to the various water districts entering the wards
which are wholly or in part in the Torresdale high service district.
DBTBBMINBD CAUSES OF INFECTION OP TYPHOID CASES IN WABBS WHOLLY Oil I.N
PART IN THE TOKRESDALE HIGH SERVICE DISTRICT.
Determined Causes.
Imported
Secondary,
Contacts,
Contact with river water:
River bathers,
Worked on dredge
Travelled on boatfi
Worked on Greenwich Pier,
Cramps Ship-yard
Not typhoid,
Doubtful diagnosis,
Possible oyster infection,
Worked downtown,
Driver about town
Milk
History incomplete,
Frequented public baths,
Total determined canses.
Unknown,
Water Districts.
Torresdale.
Went*
Farm.
Main.
Oak
Lane.
U !
4
Total cases.
116.
58;
68
as^
Lower
Rox-
borougb.
8
1
2
2
2
TataL
110
211
Dual Pipe Connections: In this district there were only two dual pipe connec-
tions, these being located in industrial plants in the extreme southeastern comer
of the Fifteenth Ward. One was in the plant of the Philadelphia Electric Com-
pany situated near the Schuylkill River at North Twenty-sixth and Oallowhill
Streets. Here two pumps of 3,000 gallons a minute capacity are niaintained
for pumping river water into the plant where it is used for boiler feed and for fire
protection. There is also a fire piimp at the plant. Prior to September 22bd.
1913, a two inch pipe connection was maintained between the city mains and
the plant for boiler feed, but on this date a new line of pipe was installed and a
separation of the raw river water and the city water pipe line was effected.
The other dual pipe connection was in the plant of the S. B. & B. W. Fleisher
Company at the northeast corner of North Twenty-fifth and Hamilton Streets.
Here a fire pump was maintained with a twelve inch suction to a well and an
eight inch discharge line connected directly to the six inch city water line. Steps
were being taken to break this connection on the date the Cftiief Engineer of
the State Department of Health investigated this plant. Neither the city nor
the State maintained sampling stations anywhere in the vicinity of these two
plants, consequently no data are available showing what effect, if any, these dual
pine connections may have had on the city's drinking supply.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1185
In the following table the typhoid fever cases occurring in wards wholly or in
part in the Oak Lane water ditftrict are shown, from 1901 to 1913 inclusive:
TYPHOID FEVER IN WARDS WHOLLY OU IN PART IN THE TORRBSDALE HIGH SBRVICB
DISTRICT, 19W-1913. INCLUSIVE.
Year.
Wards.
1901
72
1902 1
123
1908 \
327|
1904
170
1905
100 i
1906
218
1907 ,
211
1908 1
113
1309 i
1
in;
1910
1
67
1911
34
1912 1
— i
4»I
1913
20
52
43
142
106 !
87 '
48
31
33
39l
22
47
32.
531
155 1
69
76
122
lis
2A
55
27
11
91
8
28
130
217
549'
196
156
313
L'S3,
121
91
59
2S
24
24
32
71
lU
274
125
70
221
177'
71
62'
46
67
21
80
47. ....
70
40
42
31
13'
28
2$
179
261
4S3
281
202
35i
300
lOS
73
46
27
n:
17
15
108
168
310
211
116
311
3<M
147
104,
69
36
26
30
Total,
682
933
2,098 1
1
1,052
720
1.711
1,498 1
1
691
590 1
387
i
258
198
2U
In the above table there is shown a record of typhoid fever cases by wards for
thirteen years, 1901 to 1913, inclusive; for the latter year casos occurring January
to October inclusive being given. It will be noted that in 1903, the greatest number
of cases occurred, preceded by two years with comparatively low totals. For the
next four years the totals fluctuated, but beginning with 1008 there was a continu-
ous decrease up to 1913, in which year, for ten months, the number of cases
slightly exceeded the total for the year 1912. In 1908, the Torresdale filtered
water was first introduced into this section of the city and its eft'ect is seen in the
table above by the falling oflF of typhoid in the subsequent years. The increase in
1913 may be due partly to an unusual amount of seasonal typhoid as well as to other
causes already discussed under each ward.
Water Sampling in the Torresdale High Service— Oak Lane Water District.
Torresdale Hiah Service: The Torresdale high service water district includes
the Forty -seventh Ward entire and parts of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twentieth,
Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty-second, Thirty-seventh, and Forty -third
Wards. Neither the city nor the Stiite Health Department established sampling
stations on the distributing system in this district in the Fifteenth, Nineteenth.
Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirty-second Wards. Both the city and the
State maintained a sampQing station in the Twentieth Ward, known as special
sampling station No. 24 at North Tenth and Oxford Streets. In the Thirty-
seventh Ward the city maintained two special sampling stations, Nos. 34 and 35,
located at North Eleventh Street and Susquehanna Avenue, and North Tenth and
Cumberland Streets respectively. In this ward the State had no sampling station. In
the Forty-third Ward the city maintained three special sampling stations known
as Nos. 36, 37, and 38, located at North Seventh Street and liehigh Avenue,
Indiana Street and Germantown Avenue, and North Sixth and Clearfield Streets
respectively. The State maintained a sampling station at City special station
No. 38.
The following are the results obtained by the City and the State at the various
samplinf stations:
ANALYSES OP WATER SAMPLES COLLKCTKl) AT CITY SPECIAL STATION NO. 24—
TWENTIETH WARD— 1913— DURING OCTOBER.
Total
I B. Coll.
October.
Count.
1
1
1 c. c. 10 c. c.
2
1
82
6
2.S
<)
21
— -j-
10
1'4
13
: ' 13
1
OQ
, 10
- 1 +
!
76— 14— 1915"
Dig
tized by VjOO
1186
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
STATE DBPARTMBNT OF HBALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLBCTBD AT GITT WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 24— NOETH TENTH AND OXFORD STREETS— TWBNTIETH
WARD-19U.
October.
November
Day.
1.
I:
4.
5.
6.
7.
1?:
12.
IS.
14.
15,
16.
17.
18.
19,
20.
ZI*
22.
25.
26.
27.
28.
2».
W.
81.
I B.CtoU.
Total
Oount.
PlDk
OoL
1 C. C. '
Total
Count.
B.GolL
Pink
Col.
1 c. c.
100 '
80
0
0
200
0
120
120
100
400
80
—
—
—
—
—
—
28|
a6<
o'
0
60
0|
0
20
40
o'
0
46
19
0
0
16
38i
0,
0
20
16
8
860
21
140
200
160
85
60
89
Total
Ooant.
12
14
10
11
56
S2
8
8
7
8
16
600
Pink
Col.
B.OdU.
0
0
0
•
0
0 .
"o.
0'
0
0
0,
0'
,.. I ,
ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS NOS. M AND
8&-THIRTY-SEVENTH WARD— 1918-DURINO OCTOBER.
October.
Station No. 84.
Station No. k.
Total
Count.
B. OoU.
Total
Ooant.
B.C01I.
1 c. c.
10 c. c.
1 C. C. 10 C. C.
2
28
83
—
+
66
»
24
-
6 ......
fl
10
+
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1187
ANALYSB8 OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS NOS. 36, 87,
AND 38, DURING OCTOBER. 1W3— FORTY-THIRD WARD.
October.
SUtton No. 86.
Station No. 87.
Station No. 88.
ToUl
Covnt.
B. Coli.
Total
Count.
B. Coll.
ToUl
Coant.
B. Coll.
1 c. c. 1 10 c. c.
1 -
Ic. c.
10 c. c.
1 c. c.
10 c. c.
2
loO
31
24
26
26
1
+ +
48
+
19
8
51
+
c
24 -
48 —
__
8.
•{.
10
H.
STATE DEPARTMl&NT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 88. NORTH SIXTH AND CLEARFIELD STREETS, FORTY-
THIRD WARD, ins.
Day.
October.
ToUl Pink
Oonnt. Col.
I:
\.
6.
6,
7,
8,
9.
10.
11.
12.
18.
14*
16.
16,
17.
18,
, 1>.
20.
81.
§:
25,
28.
27.
28.
2»,
30.
80
1 SO
13
75
80
100
........ 80
:;....:::.....:.... ' 20
80
,• i 80
:::::::::::::::::::' S
' 22
::::::::::::::::: 1 «
8
22
46
•*::::::::..::!:::. ! 20
" 1 45
:::::.:.::..:. 24
B.CoU.
1 c. c.
November.
December.
0
0
0
0
0
0
—
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Pink
Count.
Col.
26
20
40
25
86
12
8
17
80
84
90
60
56
60
00
40
20
18
10
10
8
10
12
4
27
8
10
B.Coll.
Total
Pink
Count. Col.
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
B.GoU.
1 c. c.
201
24
8!
801
20|
8 '
81
10'
61
10
201
^!
Digitized by
Google
1188
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The water supplied to the Torrcsdale high service district, the character of whw^
has been shown in the above tables is ordinarily obtained direct from Tjardners
Point pumping station through a forty -eight inch main. The results show that
this water is of a better quality bacteriologically than that obtained in the
central and South Philadelphia districts. The water is obtained from the same
conduit that brings water from the Torresdale filter plant to Lardner's Point
pumping station for the rest of the Torresdale district. The results of samples
from the terminal of this conduit and taps at the pumping station shows the water
delivered to the whole of the Torresdale district to be the same as it leaves
the pumping station. The change that occurs between the pumping station and
the central and southern districts does not appear between the pumping station
and the high service district. The results for October do not show the presence
of B. Coli as in the central and southern district. There is not the evidence
of sediment in the distributing system. From the forty-eight inch main cominiE
from I^ardner's Point there is near North Sixth and Ontario Streets a main of
equal size going to the Oak I-.ane reservoir which acts as an equalizer and storage
basin . It is also possible to obtain water from this district for the CJorinthian reser-
voir, a comparatively small equalizing basin, in the Fifteenth Ward, along Poplar
Street between Corinthian and North Twenty-second Streets. It is understood
that the supply to the Corinthian reservoir is to augment the low service and
that no water from Corinthian reservoir returns to the high service district. Enter-
incr the high service district is a thirty inch main from Wentz farm reservoir and
a small portion of the high service district receives water from this source. This
reservoir is supplied direct from Lnrdner*s Point and the water is similar to that
from the forty -eight inch main, although at times showing the effect of passing
through a reservoir.
Results of samples obtained by the State from the Oak Lane reservoir are
shown in the following table:
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THE OAK
LANE RESERVOIR.
i
October.
November.
December.
Day.
B.ColI.
B.CoH.
1
B.ColI.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col. ,
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
Total Pink
Count. Col. ;
1
1
1 C. C. 1
i
. _ ._ _
1 c. c.
1
1 c. c.
1
1
33 0
0
1
U. 0
46, 0
0
8{ 0
3
48 I 0
0
48' 0
4
—
_
60 1 0
5
60
0
0
24I 0
6
32
0
0
10 0
7^
6
5
0
0
0
0
Tz
0
8,
9
—
—
—
27
0
10,
56
16
0
0
0
0
11 0
6 0
11
12
15 0
0
11 0
13
24 0
0
IS
0
14
70 0
0
15
24 1 0^
0
16
17
44' 0
0
IS
20 0
0
19
6 0
10 1 0
0
0
20
21
81 0
0
22
17 0
0
23
5 0
0
24
6 0'
0
2."^
11 0
0
2fi,
SO
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8 0.
25; 6,
40| 0'
36 0
0
6
0
0
'>7
?1
• '- •'.•••••'
28
29
60
.::....: ;
30
100
31
40
The nbovo results show the water in Onk Lane reservoir to be similar to that ol>-
tained from the distributing system in tho hii^h sorvioe district. The total count
is a little lower than that obtninod from oity special station No. 24, but there is
the same absence of Pink and B. Coli Colonies.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1189
In the following tables are shown the results of analyses obtained by the city
and by the State at the Corinthian reservoir which is located in the high service
district and receives a part of the supply from the high service system. The
State results are given first:
CORINTHIAN RBSBBVOIB BACTERIAL COUNTS AND B. COLI DETERMINATIONS.— STATE
HEALTH DEPARTMENT RESULTS-OCTOBER 24TH TO DECEMBER 13TH, 19U.
Day.
1.
2,
a.
4,
5.
6,
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12,
II.
14.
15,
16.
17,
IS.
19.
:o.
21.
22,
23.
24,
25.
26,
27.
as.
29.
SO.
91.
October.
Total Pink
Count. Col.
B.Coli.
80
50
150
150
300
60
140
250,
0
»
1
0
0
Oi
0|
0 '
November.
ToUl
Count.
120
66
4S
71
60
45
250
70
140
90
60
120
45
48
24
8
11
19
21
lOO
SI
100
15
160
250
B.Coli.
Pink
Col.
December.
Total
Count.
40
100
40
24
12
IS
15
18
40
81
Pink
Col.
B.Coli.
0
0
0
0
0
0
o!
0.
The above table and the one next following, representing the Corinthian reservoir
water, show a water containing more bacteria to the cubic centimeter and more
B. Coli to the cubic centimeter than were found in the high service distributing
system or Oak Lane reservoir. The results are similar to those obtained in the
central and southern districts. It is known that there is a large amount of sedi-
ment in this reservoir and that the water level fluctuates rapidly causing a dis-
turbance in this sediment. This disturbance and fluctuation in the reservoir may
help to explain the higher count and the presence of B. Coli. It is also probable
that sediment from the low district distributing system is frequently carried into
the reservoir and affects the results. The agitation of the water in the iow service
distributing system caused by flushing the mains during October, 1913, would
afifect this reservoir and the results indicate such an action and are such as would
be expected in an equalizing reservoir on the low service distributing system. The
results, however, are liable, to be affected by water from the Schuylkill District
which at times is allowed to enter this reservoir. The results obtained by the city
at this reservoir follow:
Digitized by
Google
1190
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Dm
1^
1
&
pel
o
o
M
»
P
O
a
<
o
>
<
5
I
I
%
S2;
I
1
a
•0 0 01
*)nnoo iV}ox
•0 D 01
*;aii09 i»;ox
s
n
•D -D 01
'^unoo i«)OX
§
fid
'9aaoo i»;ox
•0 -J) 01
•0 'D X
•)aaoo i«90x
s
fiQ
•0 0 01
•O 'D I
-)ano9 iw^ox
•0 -0 01
')utioo i«)ox
I :| :| : :| :| :| :| :|
I :l ::| :l
I : I : I
I : I :| ::l :|
S :n :S : :« :{: :S :S :8 :S : :8 : 9:9: :8 :S
: :+:| :+: :+:| : : :| : I :+: : +:| :| :::
: : I : I : I : : I : I : : : I
:| : : I :| :l :::
: :£ :5 :« : :f2 :SS : :« ;g :5 : : 8 :» :3 : :
+ :+::+:+:+:::+:+::+:+: I : :I :+:+,
' i' :: I M :':!!+:'::' i+i i : i' ii I'l
If2::s:§i^i:i2:si:x:3j s-i'isis*
:+::+::+:+: I :+:+:+::+ : +:| : :| : :
:::::::::::«: : : • : :
I : :| : :+:| : I : I :l : I : :| : I :| : :| ::,
:§ : :8 : :^ :? fg :| :9 jX : :| : e :? : jg i !
+ ::+:! : | ::+:+:+::+:+:+::+:+:+:
+ : : I : I :| : :| :+:+::+: | :| : :| :+ : I
S i !« :S iS i :S :i i8 : IS iS :8 f !« :» iS i
:+::::! :+:+::+:+:+::+:+:! ::+:+:
:+: : : :| :| :| : :l :| :+: :| :+:| : :| :+
:§ : : : :| :§ :§ : :^ :^ :^ i i^ is i' : :S :^
:+ : :+ :+ :+ : :+ :+ :+ : :+ :
!+: i+ji M : :i !' i+i !» :
:§iiS
1 :8 i i| :2
S :a : :t :
,« « * .oV.- oe* g^fcf wV^-gV^g-ggf^^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. IWl
C?BNTRAL AND SOUTH PHILADELPHIA WATER DISTRICT.
The Central and South Philadelphia Water District comprises that section of
the dty lying between the two rivers from Vine Street south to League Island,
a distance of four miles and a half. It is subdivided into two districts, the upper
being termed the **Central District" and made up of wards Five, Six, Seven,
Eight, Nine, and Ten. This section is the old portion of the city and extends
southerly from Vine Street on the north to South Street, a distance of one mile.
The distance between the two rivers in this district is two miles and in the area
there is a population of approximately 90,000 persons It is congested and com-
prises the great shopping district as well as the downtown business section. Along
the southern edge of this Central District is found a more exclusively residential
section.
The remainder of the territory extending from South Street to League Island
is known as the "South Philadelphia District." It comprises wards One, Two,
Three, Four, Twenty-six, Thirty, Thirty-six, and Thirty-nine and has a total
population of 340,000 or eighty per cent, of the entire population south of
Vine street. The section covers an area of approximately nine square
miles but the closely buUt up districts extend south only as far as Ore|[on
Avenue, about two miles and a half south of City Hall. Below this line the city
territory is largely open land given over to some extent to truck farming with a
considerable portion unimproved, the land being marshy and of necessity requiring
to be drained before it can be utilized. In this particular section are found many
of the poudrette pits used by the night soilers of the city and also the piggeries, the
firesent cause of considerable agitation because of alleged nuisances arising there-
rom. The South Philadelphia section has an average width between the two
rivers of three and a half miles and the lower portion of the district is locally
known as "The Neck."
The Central and South Philadelphia water district is supplied with fresh I^rdner's
Point water through two express mains, one of which enters the district on
Second Street and terminates at Market Street. This is forty -eight inches in
diameter. The other express main comes down Broad Street, passes through the
Central' District into the South Philadelphia District and terminates at McKean
Street. Here a connection is made with a twenty inch main paralleling the forty-
eight inch main and this extends south as far as Oregon Avenue from which point
a twelve inch main continues south on Broad Street to the League Island Navy
Yard. The extreme southeastern section of the city lying south of Oregon Avenue
and east of Broad Street does not have a public water supply. On the west side
of Broad Street south of Oregon Avenue there is one main extending into the
district. This is laid in Penrose Ferry Road, and twelve inches in diameter,
terminatiug at a point near the Schuylkill River. The South Philadelphia Dis-
trict differs from the Central District in that it is almost wholly residential. There
are, however, numerous small industries in this district.
In the district under discussion dual pipe connections were found, sediment in
the mains is extensive and tests of this mud show it to contain abundant bacterial
life and the sewage organisms. For the year 1913, there were 675 cases of typhoid
fever, from January to October inclusive, in the entire district, of which number
107 cases were located in the Central District and 568 cases in the South Phila-
ddphia District.
The citizens of Philadelphia first get filtered Torresdale water in the Fraukford
and Wentz Farm Reservoir Water District; next it is served in the Kensington
District; then in the Torresdale High Servioe-Oaklanc District: and finally in the
Central and South PhiHdelphia Water District. P^r all practical purposes this
latter district is on the direct pumping system from Lardner's Point Station. The
Corinthian Reservoir, located in the Fifteenth Ward in the vicinity of Girard
Collejre. acts as an equalizer.
Digitized by
Google
1192
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
M
In the following table are given data concerning the extent
typhoid fever in the Central and South Philadelphia Water J>'
given below are entirely within the district:
CENTRAL AND SOUTH PHILADELPHIA WAT /
Wards.
CENTRAL.
Sth Ward,
6th Ward,
7tb Ward,
Sth Ward,
9th Ward,
10th Ward,
Population in
Water District.
i^
^ :S : : : :« :P : : : i
Total Sab. Dist.
SOUTH PHILADET
lit Ward,
2nd Ward,
8rd Ward,
4th Ward.
a6th Ward,
dOth Ward
S6th War'-
89th Wi>
//
Grf
I
pi
i
O
a
<
o
E-i
PES
//
?
HO
I
i
+ :+
:| :+:+:
:| :l :+:
+ :+:+;
:+:|
35 :« :S:
:+
:8 :Si
:+
:+ :
S :?2
+ : :+ : I : I : i I : I
I : :| :| :| : :|
S : :s^ :a
1 +
:+:+:!
:l :| :|
:8 :5J :»
tHefcoVioOt^oooTQ'
^;:3Ss;s;ss^»ss)ASia3S«esiR8)ftss
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1185
At station No. 19 during June, the highest total count occurred on Friday. Dur-
ing July the highest total counts were evenly divided between Monday and Wednes-
day. In August the highest total count occurred once on Monday, twice on
Wednesday and twice on Friday. During September, the highest count occurred
twice on Monday and twice on Wednesday.
At station No. 20, during June, the highest total count occurred once each on
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. During July the highest total counts occurred
three times on Wednesday. During August the highest counts were on Monday
once, Wednesday twice, and Friday twice. In September the highest counts
were on Monday once and Wednesday three times, while in October the highest
count occurred on Monday once and on Wednesday four times.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF CITY SAMPLES AT STATION NO. 19. IMS.
Number of samples amilyied,
Avenge count
MaTJmnm oonnt
Minimum count
Number of tests for B. Coll. .
Times posltiTe In 1 e. c
Times positiTe in 10 c. c
June.
10
182
900
1»
10
s
7
July.
12
88
290
8
12
0
7
August.
U
92
810
12
U
1
5
September.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AT CITY STATION NO. 20.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
No. of samples analysed
ATAniCA count. .T.^T. T
9
62
200
12
9
1
6
11
84
86
8
12
1
7
U
75
20O
12
U
4
7
9
61
84 .
17
9
2
4
11
94
MftxiBniD counti
210
Minimum count
Number of tests for B. Coll,
Times positive in 1 c. c
Times positive in 10 c. c. ..
21
U
2
U
The total count at Station No. 10 shows a higher average than at Station No. 20.
In each of the three months for which a maximum count is shown at Station No. 19,
the count is considerably larger than at Station No. 20. The B. Goli results,
however, are similar at the two stations.
ANALYSES OF CITY WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS NO. 77
AND NO. 78 DURING OCTOBER. 1912.
October.
2.
0.
S:
S:
Station No. 77.
Total
Count.
B. Coll.
88
140
96
leo
110
180
uo
68
t
+
1:
10 c. c.
Station No. 78.
Total
Count.
B. CoU.
ic. c.
10 c. c.
74
2S
110
- 46
ao
74
100
77
+
+
+
+
Digitized by
Google
1196
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The State Department of Health conducted a series of tests of muddy water
samples collected from a fire hydrant in the Fifth Ward at the corner of Locust
and South FJfth Streets. The results are given in the following table:
SERIES OP MUDDY WATER TESTS BY THE STATE AT FIRE HYDRANT AT LOGUST ANb
SOUTH FIFTH STREETS, FIB'TH WARD— OCTOBER 14, 1913.
Sample. *
Hour of Collection.
Bacteria per 0. G.
Total.
Pink Colonies.
B. coll.
No. 1 Saloon, Cor. Bth
and Locnflt Ste
No. 2 Fire Hydrant. ..
No. 3 Fire Hydrant, ..
No. 4 Fire Hydrant, ..
No. 6 Fire Hydrant, ..
No. 6 Fire Hydrant, ..
11.25 A. M
11.30 A. M
1.40 P. M
1.46 P. M
2.50 P. M
4.00 P. M
80
1,200
1.500
2,600
1.200
900
0
2 '
2
4
0
0
Before operating any valves in this neighborhood, sample No. 1 was collected.
After collecting sample No. 1 the valve on the water main just beyond the fire plug
was closed, thus making the fire plug act as a blow-off on a dead end. The fire
hydrant was then opened quicklv and the sample collected almost immediately
after the water began to flow, this sample being No. 2. The water appeared vcir
turbid. After tlie hydrant had boen opened three minutes it was closed undl 1.40
P. M. When opened at that time sample No. 3 was collected after two minutes'
flow. The water appeared to increase in turbidity as the flow continued At 1.45
P. M. the flow appeared veiy muddy and thick ; at this time sample No. 4 was col-
lected. A man was stationed at this hydrant and the flow was continued until
2.50 P. M., when sample No. 5 was collected. At this time the water looked
clear, but when the hydrant was open to its fullest extent more mud appeared.
The water continued to flow until 4 P. M. when samifle No. 6 was collected. After
the collection of this sample the hydrant was opened to its fullest capacity and a
small amount of mud appeared. From the results it is believed that little if any
mud was collected in samples Nos. 1, 5, and 6. Samples Nos. 3 and 4 contained
a large proportion of mud and the results are probably characteristic of the mud
in the mains in this ward.
Typhoid fever cases in the Fifth Ward occurred in the last six years as shown
in the table following. It wUl be noted from a study of this table that there was
no marked decrease in typhoid cases until the prefilters were put into service in
March, 1909. In the following year there was a slight increase over 1909. The in-
troduction of hypochlorite of lime was accompanied by a slight decrease in cases
but the number of cases again rose in 1913.
Of the thirty-three cases occurring in the year 1913, three may be charged to the
drinking of raw river water, five were imported from outside the city, and six
are thought to have been contacts either at work or at home. Thus fourteen of the
cases are accounted for, leaving nineteen cases of unknown origin. An interestJng
feature is the location of the cases, all of them living in the lower half of the
ward. This may possibly be accounted for by the fact that the northern part
of the ward is largely given over to business purposes. There are one or two
groups of cases but the great majority are scattered.
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE FIFTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULATION 1T,«0.
Month.
Jannarj S
February, 7
March 7
April 6
May 1 F.
June 1
July 4
AuRuat »0
September 1
October, '• 4
November 1
December I 0
Total ^0
1909.
4
3
3 PF.
0
0
, 0
1
4
' 3
1
1
1
n
1910.
Lime.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
HOT
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Fifth Ward For Six Tears— Open Season April to
October, Indusive.
Tesr.
Oanet,
1906.
1909.
1910.
1918.
Siwih Ward: In the Sixth Ward the city maintains regular sampling sta-
tions No. 17 and No. 18, the former was established in May, 1913, and the latter
in June, 1913. During October, 1913, special station^ No. 74 and 76 were established
by the city. The State Health Department had sampling stations at 530 Arch
Street, wMch is the same as city regular station No. 17; at the Market Street
ferries, which is the same as city regular station No. 18; and muddy water samples
w*re collected at a fire hydrant on Florist Street between South Third and South
Fourth Streets.
The following are the results obtained at city regular sampling station No.
17 and 18.
Digitized by
Google
iidS
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc,
1
1
n
•3 0 01 j i j i i i i j ::: i : M i i ::::!+ i :::::+ :+
•0 0 1
M : 1 : : i : ; : : i : : i i !' ! i i i+ 1 : ! ! i i • : '
'^anoo i«)ox
f i : i : f : i ::::;:: i : i •: il : ii: :i8 i«
1
1
n
•0 -oox
I :+ :+: :| |+ j+ j j 1 jl M : :+ : ' :+::!!•
•D -0 I
M+i+i i' i' i+i i' 1' i' i i' i' !' M M'
*)imoa mox
1 :i :i : i^ :^ :^ : :" i^ :! : :* :^ i^ ! ! : i§
1
6
n
■0 -0 01 ! + i j 1 i+ j+ : i 1 : 1 :+ i : 1 :+ j+ j i+ : I : i 1 :
•0 -a I 1 1 : i 1 i+ : 1 : : 1 1 1 :+ : : 1 : 1 :+ : : 1 : 1 : : I :
' 8 : :a :g :S : :« :$ :| : :;S :S :g : :S :« : :9 :
'^anoo iBjox , j .' j J '- \ '• ; • • : • ; • • • • :
n
■0 -oox :' i :: |i :+!«! i' :+:+: h :+:+::• h i
1 :::::::::: : :::::::
1 :8 : : : :J3 :i» :** : :S :§ :§g : :S :8 :a : :S :?; :
•jimoo wox 1 : : : : : : : : : :-• : : : r-^ : : : : :
1 • ...•;.::•:
i
i
to
•0 -ooi
:+:+:+::+:! :+ j j 1 j !++ j j+ 1+ 1 1 j :+ |
•^ '^i , i' i+i+i :' :• !i : :' Mm : :i :+:i ::' :
1 :B :| :g : :S :J3 :«::{§: :8| : rg :?2 :a : :a :
r
a
.•o«
•D -0 T
:::::::::: :S :e :§: :g :g :8 ::•:£::: :
•jraioo moj. 1 ::::::::::: : i'^ ::**:»* : : : : : : :
K
s
: i : 5 i i i :: i : i : i : i i : i i f i i ::::::: i
o
O
M
&
I
O
H
CQ
O
P
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1199
O
o
M
\
m
O
o
m
I
O
QQ
»
QQ
o
1
p
QQ
:+
: I :+
II
riS
I
1
11
Ho
SS : :S
i
II
i
^
+ :
I :|
S :a :
I : I : I
:S :a
:|
I :|
S :;;
•hS^cq-^iowc-oo^O'-mO'^ in"«o t^'oe «r
I -I
:+
: : :+ :| :
:| ::;::+:! i
: :S :a :
: :fJ :S : : : :S
1 +
I I
:| :+:
1:1
:l :+
:| :+
:;5 :8
:+
gFlS^SSJ^^SVsffg^*
76
Digitized by
Google
1200
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OfP. Doc.
At Station No. 17, during May, the highest total count occurred twice on
Wednesday and twice on Friday; during June, once on Monday and Friday* and
twice on Wednesday; during July four times on Wednesday: during August, once
on Monday, and twice on Wednesday and Friday, and during September, once
on Monday and Wednesday, and twice on Friday.
At Station No. 18, the highest total count occurred once Wednesday and twice
on Friday; during July, twice on Monday, three times on Wednesday; in August,
twice on Wednesday, once on Friday; and in September once on Monday, Wednes-
day, and Friday.
SUMMARY OP RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF SAMPLES AT CITY STATION NO. 17.
May.
Jane.
Number of Bamples analyased,
Average count,
Maximum count,
Minimum count
Number of testa for B. Goli.
Times positive in 1 c. c, ...
Times positive in 10 c. c, ...
July.
Aug.
Sept.
8
13
12
13
12
3
142
220
55
107
133
7<
530
940
166
810
760
1«
9
14 1
6
5
7
28
8'
13
12
13
12
3
2
3
4
3
3
1
'i
10,
5
7
«,
3
SnUMABT OF BESULT8 OF ANALYSES OF SAMPLB8 AT
CITY STATION NO.
U.
■
June.
July.
Aug.
1
1
1
Oct.
Number of samples analyzed ,
10
1
19 , 11 1 9
3
Average count,
112 40 1 2»i 90
70O. 110! 130 140
10 ; 11 ' 2 9
a
Maximum count,
4«
Mtnlvnum count, , ,, .,-,',,,-■-,,
1<
Number of tests for B. Coll,
10. 12
0 1
s
11, 9
0 71
8. 7
3
Times positive in 1 c. c,
Times positive in 10 c. c
1
2
The average and total count at Station No. 17 appears considerably higher
than at Station No. 18. Also B. Coli are more frequently present in one cabir
centimeter at Station No. 17. Water at Station No. 17 Is obtained from a thirty
inch main fed from the forty-eight inch main terminating at Market Street. Thi^
should be water delivered fresh from I^ardner's Point pumping station. There is
little probability that mud in the pipes in this section could affect the results al-
though the course of the water at this point wns not accurately determined. It i5
possible, however, that dual connections in this vicinity, to be described later,
have affected the sampling station.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1201
ANALYSES OF WATBB SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS NO. 74 AND
NO. 76 DURING OCTOBER. 19U.
October.
3.
t:
S:
17.
station No. 74.
Total
Count.
170 1
631
110
3Sl
5o'
120!
uo
B. Coll.
10 c. c.
+
+
t
t
i Z I +
SUtlon No. 76.
Total
Count.
89
100
120
85
26
43
180
21
B. CoU.
Ic.
c. I 10(
+
+
I ::
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY
WATER BUREAU STATION NO. 17-630 ARCH STREET— SIXTH WARD— 1S18.
Day.
October.
ToUl
Count.
1,
I:
4.
6.
f:
8.
».
10.
11.
12.
IS.
16.
17,
18,
S:
S:
S:
600
i.aoo
880
230
600
60
Pink
Col.
400
2,400
900
1.200
900
100
450
B.
CoU.
November.
Total
Count.
18
40
100
150
86
60
41
80
29
82
56
16
24
12
16
17
16
16
14
12
"is
48
18
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
December.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
16
48
34
12
24
28
ii
14
20
8
10
29
0
Ji
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
7ft-.14_1916
Digitized by
Google
1202
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
STATB DBPARTMBNT OF HBALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES GOLLBGTBD AT WATER
BUREAU STATION NO. 18 AT MARKET STREET FERRIES— SIXTH WARD-19U.
October.
Daj.
1,
2,
S.
4.
5.
9.
7,
8.
9.
10.
S:
IS.
14.
16.
16,
13,
19.
ai.
i:
SB.
26.
28.
2»,
80.
n.
Total I Pink
Count. CoL
aooi
120
80
150
150
1.000
6S0
BOOi
6501
1.200
ISO
64,
50
9l
23 ;
400 I
120 :
80
28
B.
Coll.
November.
December.
ToUl
PinJc
B.
Count.
Col.
CoU.
24
0
72
0
860
0
40
0
0
10
0
250
0
0
2S
0
0
175
1
160
0
46
0
60
0
0
78
0
60
0
68
0
48
0
16
0
SO
40
0
26
0
29
24
60
14
6
16
0
70
900
350
Total
Count.
SOO
900
900
140
'ioo
9
16
12
10
6
Pink
Col.
B.
ColL
As previously stated the results obtained by the city at Station No. 17 show a
higher total count and B. CJoli are found more frequently than at Station No. 18.
but the results obtained by the State as shown in the above two tables do not
indicate this difference. In this connection, however, it should be noted that the
samples collected by the State began in October and those collected by the dty
ended in October, so that the series given by the State is rather a contumatioii of
the series started by the city.
The two tables just given show the results at 530 Arch Street and the Market Street
Ferries to be similar. At both stations the total count was higher during October
than in December and November, and B. Coli appeared more frequently. At 530
Arch Street, nineteen samples tested for B. Ck)li during October showed its pres-
ence in eight samples. During November two samples out of twenty >siz showed
the presence of B. Coll and in December no coli were found in twdve samples.
At the Market Street Ferries during October, B. Coli were present in six out of
nineteen samples; during November in two out of twenty-eight, and in December*
in one out of twelve. Taking the samples collected by the State as a continuation
of the series started by the city, it will be noticed that there was a gradual im-
provement in the water beginning in October. This improvement may be the
result of a systematic flushing of mains by the city causing the removal of a gnat
deal of mud and especially that which would probably be most easily affected by
changing of flow in the main.
On October 14th. 1913, the State took a series of muddy water samples at a
fire hydrant on Florist Street between South Third and South Fourth Streets and
almost directly opposite the fire station. It is said that this hydrant is frequently
used by the fireman in testing hose . In the following table are the results obtained
from tbeiie fiamplei!
Digitized by
Google
Mo. 14.
COMMlgSI0^fBJfi 6%' flMALTH.
HM
SERIES OP MUDDT WATER TESTS BY THE STATE AT FIKB HYDRANT ON FLORIST
STREET BETWEEN SOUTH THIRD AND SOUTH FOURTH STBTBETS— SIXTH WARD-
OCTOBER 14TH. 1918.
No. 1 tap. at fire house opposite,
No. a fire hydrant,
No. 8 fire hydrant,
No. 4 fire hydrant,
No. 5 fire hydrant
Hour of
0»llection.
Bacteria Per 0. 0.
Total
Count
Pink
Colonies.
B.
CoU.
11:85 A.M.
11:40 A.M.
2:00 P. M.
8:00 P. M.
8:50 P. M.
100
1.600
1.000
260
140
The water obtained at this hydrant was dear throughout the test. The hydrant
was opened quickly to its full extent and then dosed and opened again to see if
there was a deposit in the main that could be disturbed . This hydrant was operated
as a blow off on a dead end as was done in each case when collecting muddy water
samples. It is probable that the firemen had used this hydrant frequently and
had in this way removed any deposit in the Immediate vidnity. It will be noted
that the sample coJllected at the fire station showed a low total count and the
presence of one B. Goli. Throughout the test the total counts remained low and
but few B. Coll were obtained. The persistence of B. Goli in the samples is
probably due to the fact that this hydrant was not allowed to run for any length
of time as there was no man available to be stationed at this point. It should
also be borne in mind that the supply in this section is undoubtedly from the
thirty inch main direct from the terminal of the forty-eight inch main bringing
water to this district direct from Lardner's Point pumping station.
Dual Pipe Connections in the Sixth Ward.
There were only two dual pipe connections in this ward. One at the Market
Street Ferry Slips of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the other at the
munidpal high pressure fire pumping station at Delaware Avenue and Arch
Street. At Uie former the dty maintains a regular sampling station— No. 18—
established June, 1913, this also being used by the State. There is no station
at the high pressure pumping station but the dty has maintained sampling Sta-
tions No. 17 at 530 Arch Street since May, 1913, and this was also used by the
State.
The Market Street Ferry Slips are owned and operated by the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company. One hundred men are employed and six ferry boats ply be-
tween PhUaddphia and Camden. Drinking water from the city mains is supplied
throughout the station and for lavatory purposes. This summer— 1913— there was a
dual water service, raw river water being pumped into the fire lines and used
for flushing water closets. There was a four inch connection between the dty
pipes and tne fire lines, provided with a gate valve, kept open, and a check valve.
By order of the city water bureau an additional check valve and a drip were put
in. Later the connection was severed, and there is now no connection between
the fire lines and the water used for washing and drinking.
The river water at the ferries was pumped about the building with a pressure
of fifty-five pounds. Prior to September 12th, 1913, there was no storage tank
for the river supply, but on this date a tank was completed. It will be noted from
the result of tests already shown that there was a gradual improvement in the
water beginning in October prior to which time the dual connection had been severed .
It cannot be definitely stated that this dual connection had any effect on the public
water supply.
The other dual pipe connection in the ward is at the high pressure fire pumping
station established oy the city at Delaware Avenue and Arch Street. Here a
two inch pipe connection is maintained between the drinking water system and the
high pressure fire system which serves the congested business district of the city.
The object of this arrangement is to admit the dty water and keep a low pres-
sure on the fire lines. The connecting pipe is carried above the .floor of the pump
station so as readily to be observed by the attendants and is supplied with two
gate valves and two check valves and a drip placed midway. There is also a
pressure gauge on the line. The check valves are set so that the city water alone
may pass through the pipes, that is, against any reversal of the current that would
allow the raw river water to enter the drinking water main. The pressure from
the dty side is about thirty-five pounds and when the fire pump is operating the
pressure from the raw water side is 250 pounds. As an additional safegruard, to
Digitized by
Google
1204
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
prevent the introduction of the raw river water into the drinking mains, the
engineer has instructions when starting his fire pump, to dose the gate valve on
the side nearest the dty. Should the valves leak and the check valve fail to doee,
it is readily seen that, with the excess of pressure in favor of the raw river water,
this supply might be pumped into the drinking water system. ^
When an inspection of this plant was made by the Chief Engme^r of the State
Department of Health, the fire pump was started and in two minutes the pressure
went up. The gate valve and the check on the raw water side of the connection
leaked and water was pumped into the drip. The check and the gate valve on
the filtered water side of the connection were tight.
This dual pipe connection has been looked upon as a possible source of contami-
nation of the city's drinking water supply and the piping was placed above the
floor line in order that the connection might be more closely observed. Should
the check valves fail to hold at the time the fire pump is in service and the
engineer neglect to dose the gate valves, the raw water must, of necessity, be
pumped into the drinkihg water main. There is, moreover, a possibility of sedi-
ment collecting in the check valves so that they may not dose dght. This would
be most likely to occur in the spring of the year or at other flood periods when a
large amount of suspended matter is present in the river water.
Whether the presence of this dual connection actually has contaminated the
dty water is not definitely known, but the fact remains, as pointed out above,
that samples collected at Station No. 17, which is the one most likely to be affected
by raw water entering the system by way of the city fire pumping station, show a
higher total count and B. Coli were found more frequently than at Station No. 18.
Another interesting fact is that nearly all of the typhoid fever cases occurring in
the ward in 1913 are located not far from the dty's fire pumping station. Possibiy
this may be explained by the fact that the lower half of the ward, in which cases
did not occur, is largely given over to business interests with the residential part
of the ward lying in the northern half.
Taking up the typhoid fever for the Sixth Ward, the case record being shown
in the following table; it wiU appear that in spite of the sand filters the cases
did not decrease materially until the prefilters were put into service, and even then
in the open season for the year 1900 nearly one-half of all the cases for the entire
year occurred. A material decrease occurred the following year and this was prob-
ably aided by the introduction of hypochlorite of lime. In 1913, up to the fiU«t
of November, nine cases had occurred which is one less than for the entire preced-
ing year. The significant feature of this year's cases, however, is that they nearly
all occurred duriifg the open season nnd are in excess of the cases occurring
during the same period of time in each of the four years preceding 1913.
TYPHOID PBVBR OASES IN THE SIXTH WARD FOR SIX TEARS. POPULATION €.4001
Month.
January, . . .
Febniarj, .
March
AjprU.
May
Jane
Jnly
August. ...
September,
October, . .
November, ,
December.
Totel,
190B.
2
5
1
2
1 P.
1
S
«
6
1
0
1
1909.
7
1
OPP.
1
1
0
0
9
1
0
2
0
16
1910.
a
1
2
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
OLIme
1911.
OLlme
0 "
0 "
1 "
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1 "
1912.
Lime
For the open season of seven months— April to October inclusive— the
occurring in the ward are shown in the following table. For 1913 there was
typhoid fever in the Sixth Ward than for any year except 1908.
Typhoid Fever Oases in the Sixth Ward in the Open Season,
Inclusive, For Six Years.
April to October
Tear. 1908.
1909.
1910.
19U.
U12.
ISIS.
6
S
4
4
s
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
VM
Of the nine cases for 1913, two were imported from places outside of the city
and one man was a laborer along the city wharves with many opportunities of coming
in contact with the raw river water. The remaining six have unknown sources of
infection. Five of the nine cases are in a community group with a possibility of
neighborhood infection.
Seventh Ward: In the Seventh Ward the city maintained no regular sampling
station but did maintain special stations. No. 93 at South Broad and South Streets,
and No. 94 at South Ninth and South Streets. The State Health Department es-
tablished a sampling station at the same point as city special station No. 93.
KBSULTS OP ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPEOIAIi STATIONS
NO. 88 AND No. W DURING OCTOBER, 191S-SBVBNTH WARD.
October.
Station No. M.
Total
Count.
B. CoU.
2, ' 100
e ' 54
» 174
10 Si
13 99
15 61
17 , fl9
ICO.
+
10 OC.
station No. M.
Total
Count.
70
110
100
68
160
160
110
B. CoU.
100.
t
t
10 OC.
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT WATEK
BUREAU STATION NO. 93. BROAD AND SOUTH STREETS— SEVENTH WARD, 1918.
3,
4.
10,
11.
12,
18.
19,
a.
22.
28,
25.
26,
27.
».
90.
81.
October.
Daj.
Total
Count.
.... |.
Pink
Col.
150
140
160
100
B.
Coli.
November.
Total
Count.
»
100
120 I
80 I
60
27
80
'*60
16
60
18
140
240
40
32
47
82
54
46
12
2&
80
80
7
24
14
1€
15
16
"12
25
60
Pink
Col.
0
1
0
"6
0
2
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
J
^ I
ol
6
0
0
B.
Cbli.
0
0
0
"6
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SI:
Hi
■■l\
01
Ol
December.
Totel
Count.
Pink
Col.
28
32
20
12
16
5
20
11
17
10
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
B.
CoU.
Digitized by
Google
1206
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oif. Doc.
The results of samples in this ward are similar to those in the other wards in
the central district. There will be noticed, however, a slightly better water in
the western part of this district. This difference will be more noticeable as the
work in other wards is taken up.
The Seventh Ward is largely devoted to residential purposes. It extends from
South Seventh Street on the east westwardly to the Schuylkill River and is three
blocks wide, bounded on the north by Spruce Street and on the south by South
Street. In this ward, particularly west of Broad Street, are the residences of the
more resourceful citizens. Its population is 27,000.
A study of the table of typhoid fever cases in the Seventh Ward, appearing below,
shows that there was a slight diminution in the number of cases foUowinjc the
installation of the sand filters and this was more marked after the prefilters were
built. The records do not show, however, that they were entirely effective in re-
ducing the cases, as the following year, namely, 1910, the cases exceeded by two
those occurring in 1909. With the introduction of hypochlorite of lime the cases
dropped fifty per cent, in the year 1911, but again increased in 1912 and for 1913.
iDr the first ten months, there are more cases on record than for any year
of the six except 1908. This holds good also for the cases occurring during the
open season In the six year period which table is also shown below.
TYPHOID FEVEK CASES IN THE SEVENTH WARD FOR SIX YEARS. POPULATION »,0».
Month.
January, .
February,
March. ...
April
May
June, —
July
August. . .
September,
October, .
November,
December,
Total,
1908.
19
15
10
7
9F.
4
&
7
3
6
4
4
1909.
93
5
2
4PF.
2
1910.
7
2
8
3
S
1
1
5
2
8
1
OLlme
1811.
2 Lime
0 "
0 "
0 "
1
2
a
8
2
8
0
8 *•
18
1818.
Lime
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Seventh Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Inclusive, For Six Years.
Year.
190&.
1909.
1»10.
1»U.
mx
18IS.
Gases,
41
«
28
18
vr
»
Of the thirty-six cases in the Seventh Ward occurring in 1913, twenty-five are lo-
cated in the eastern half of the ward and of these twelve are in two groups at the
extreme eastern end of the ward. These groups are made up of five and seven
cases respectively. Three of the cases in the two groups are accounted for. With
respect to the remaining nine there may be a possibility of neighborhood infection.
In the extreme western end of the ward there are three cases in one house, one a
primary and the other two secondary. Aside from the above groupings the cases
are scattered without any seeming connection. Causes have been assigned for
sixteen of the twenty-six cases. These are shown in the following table:
River water, 1 Bathing in river i
Imported 6 Diagnosis doubtful, i
Secondary, 2 Possible oyster infection, l
Probable contact 4
16
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1207
This leaves twenty cases of unknown origin. Of these one was a street laborer
and may have come into contact with the infection while at work : three of the
minors u this class ate cheap ice cream, and two of the minors attended the same
school and may have associated with each other. There are no dual pipe con-
nections in the Seventh Ward.
Eighth Ward: In the Eighth Ward the city had no regular sampling station
and but one special sampling station. The special sampling station was on the
comer of Broad and Spruce Streets and was also used by the State Health De-
partment as a sampling station. The results obtained by the city at this special
sampling station are as foUows:
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECLI.L STATION
NO. 96 DURING OCTOBER. 1313.
October.
I
t,
10 I
3».
15
" I
Station No.
9«.
B.
Coll
Total
Ooiint.
1 OC.
10 CO.
73
i
73
+
1
83
88
1
75
+
I
■-
120
+
+
17
+
This station is three squares north of C^ty Station No. 93 in the Seventh Ward.
The results at the two stations are similar. While the B. Coli results at the two
stations do not correspond exactly on the same dnta, still as a whole they are
almost identical.
The results obtained by the State at Station No. 96 nrc not quite as good as those
obtained at Station No. 98. There is, however, an improvement during November
and December over the results obtained in October. In the following table the
results obtained by the State Health Department r.t this station are shown:
STATB DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 96, BROAD AND SPRUCE STRBETS-1913-BIOHTn
WARD.
Dty.
October.
NoTcmber.
December.
Total
Coant.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
Total !
Count. ;
i
Pink
Col.
B.
Cbll.
Total 1
Count.
Pink i
Col. 1
1
o'
0
]l
j!
Si
0
01
:::::::: t
B.
Coll.
8
"i.doo
850
150
»0
80
80
am
200
260
an
80
850
^«
»
80
84
12
a
1
1
0
6
1
0
8
1
0
8
0
i
5
6
0
?
•:
0
1
0
i
0
6
0
0
0
0
841
241
100^
is'
38*1
24 !
9
601
280
120
48'
54
60,
86,
28
16'
ao
821
22'
RO
Si
20
40 1
18'
in '
28
82
1
0
?
S
0
0
0
0
1
i
0
s
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
60i
40
80|
**!
ao!
8
ao
-M
1
1
1
1
:::::::: i
!!!!!!!! '
::::::::!
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
9
0
lOl
0
iV •
0
0
u.
0
14
IB
M* .
17
18*
19
2D*
8. .
^
27
y, 1
•• 1
9
2J*
ao
81
Digitized by
Google
1208
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
There was but one dual pipe connection in the Eighth Ward, located in the plant
of the Pierce, England & Company, situated on the southwest comer of North
Twenty-fifth and Spruce Streets. A fire pump is maintained with a suction tn
the Schuylkill River, which forces the water about the plant under a pressure of a
hundred pounds. From the six inch suction pipe and the m^ht inch discharge pipe
there was a direct connection to the city main. On one line there was a check
valve and a gate valve which was open. In August, 1913, the company started
to put in two valves on each separate line, the work being completed on Sep-
tember 24th. Then the connections between the city supply and the river water
supply were broken. It is not apparent from the results of tests as already given,
that this dual pipe connection had any influence upon the quality of the city
water.
In the Eighth Ward is to be found what has been considered the most desir-
able down town residence district in the city. This is located mostly west of
South Broad Street while east of this main thoroughfare the territory is more or
less given over to commercial interests.
In the ten months of 1913— January to October inclusive— but ten cases of typhoid
fever have occurred among 14,000 persons. Of these, five are of unknown origin «
four are imported from outside the city and one is a possible contact, this latter
being a driver on a laundry wagon and he may have handled soiled clothes infected
with the typhoid fever bacillus. Four of the unknowns occurred early in the year
and the history of these cases is very incomplete. Possibly a reinvestigation might
have revealed a definite cause.
Below is given a table showing the typhoid fever for the Eighth Ward for six
years and aifso a table showing the cases in this ward occurring during the open
season. It will be noted by reference to the first table that in the year 1908, eighty-
five per cent, of all the cases occurring during the year came down in the firit
four months of the year prior to the installation of the sand filters. The ^ect
of the sand filters and of the preliminary filters is shown by the fact that there was
a fifty per cent, reduction in cases the following year. In 1910 and 1911 there was
a stiU further reduction, possibly influenced by the introduction of hypochlorite of
lime. In 1912, there was very little change and for the first ten months in 1913
there have been fewer cases than in any of the preceding years studied All but
one of the 1913 cases came down in the open season:
TYPHOID FEYBR CASES IN THB EIGHTH WARD FOK SIX YEARS. POPULATION 14. SM.
Month.
Jannary,
February,
March. ...
April, ...
Maj
June
July
August, . .
September.
October,
November,
December,
Total
190S.
20
16
3
8
1 F.
3
1
5
2
1
S
s
56
1909.
S
s
1 PF.
0
1
s
2
S
2
2
8
4
1»10.
27
1
a
0
0
8
1
1
2
3
a
8
2 Lime
1911.
6 Lime
0 ••
1 '*
0 "
0
1
0
1
2
1
8
1912.
Lime
ISIS.
ILiaie
i !;;
0 "
1 ••
9 ••
a -
9 *•
18
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Eighth Ward for Six Years— Open Season, April to Oc-
tober Inclusive.
Year.
Canes,
1908.
1908.
1910.
13
12
ini.
1912.
U
vnx.
Ninth Ward: In the Ninth ward the city maintained no regular sampliiig
station but had one special sampling station, locatod on South Tenth Street jiKt
above Chestnut Street. This station was also used by the State Health Depart-
ment for a collecting point.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. MOO
In the following table are shown the results of the samples collected by the city:
RESULTS OF ANALTSBS OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATION
NO. 95 DURING OCTOBER, 1W8.
October.
I:
10.
13.
16.
17.
20.
Station No. 9B.
B. CoU.
Total
Oonnt.
100.
MOO.
86
69
i
. .
91
.
60
140
t
'
110
+
•
20
"^
r
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 95. SOUTH TENTH STREET NEAR CHESTNUT STREET
— 1913-NINTH WARD.
Day.
October.
, Total
Goant.
Pink
Col.
t:
e.
7,
I:
10.
11.
1*.
IS.
14.
15.
IS,
17.
Ig,
19.
S
90.
SI.
B.
Coll.
1.200
260
»0
460
120
100,
150 I
12D|
aool
400
100
60
100
100
88
160
NoTember.
Total
Goant.
100
96
68
47
2D0
240
100
28
a
40
84
66
20
16
10
10
18
15
11
10
8
Pink
Col.
86
S6
40
B.
Ooli.
December.
0
V
0.
o:
0
2
0
Si
0
0
0'
0
si-
0
0
0.
0
0
0
"6
0
0
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
20
12
16
15
20
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
10
- 12
10
8
16
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
j s
0
0
0
1 ::;:::::
..
The water in this ward is similar to thnt in the Eighth and Tenth Wards. The
character of the water does not show the improvement in November and December
that shows in the results from Stations near the Dels ware River. This lack of
improvement does not indirnte a wnter of inferior quality but Is due to the better
reaults obtained in this distrirt during October.
The Ninth Ward lies directly north of the Eighth Ward. It is three blocks wide
and extends from Seventh Street west to the Schuylkill River. In this ward is
found the heart of the business district and here are located the City Hall, the
Digitized by
Google
1^10
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc
terminal stations of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Philadelphia & Reading Bail-
way, the leading department stores of the city, as well as numerous other business
estaolishments. There is practically no residential district in this ward east of
Broad Street and west of Broad Street the residences are found mostly along the
north and south borders of the ward. No dual pipe connection was found in the
Ninth Ward.
There has been but very little typhoid fever in this ward in the last four years.
In 1908 there were twenty-four cases, half of which occurred in the first four
m6nths of the year, prior to the installation of the sand filters. Ten of those remain-
ing came down during the open season. The following year there were only six-
teen cases; of which nine had their onsets during the open season. The following
year the effect of the filters and prefilters is noticed by the reduction of cases to
nve and in the two years following, when hypochlorite of Hme was used, there were
only two cases each year. In 1913, there have been four cases, three during the
open season.
Of the four cases in 1913, one was a nurse in contact with other typhoid cases
and is a secondary ; another was a chauffeur that contracted the disease outside of
the city; the remaining two are of unknown origin, but in the case of one of
these it was impossible to obtain a complete history. Thp four cases are located
in different parts of the ward. Below are shown in a table the cases recorded in
the ward for six years:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the, Ninth Ward For Six Years, Open Season, April to
October Inclusive.
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HE2ALTH.
mi
§
^5
o
P
OS
O
^
n
H
g
OQ
I
Q
O
aaasa|s|s|
O iH O O rlOO «-l O f-l
lllll I
I
«MMr-ie4eemiA<HON
bS.
|£S^
•^.^-^JSoziQ
Digitized by
Google
1212
EIGHTH ANNUAL KEPOHT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Tenth Ward: In the Tenth Ward the city had one regular sampling station
and established but one si^ecial sampling station. The State Health Department
established no station in this ward but did collect one sample from the city sampling
station.
In the following table is shown the results of the samples collected by the city at
special Station No. 60.
RESULTS OP ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECLAiL STATION NO. 0,
DUBINQ OCTOBER. 191S.
B. Coll.
Total Coont per C. C.
10. C.
10 c. c.
2
6
2S0
3S
+
+
8
180
10
140
—
13
70
^
IS
57
_
17
57
^
"
20
42
~"
+
This station which is located at 153 North Tenth Street, is in the eastern central
part of the ward. The water mains supplying the district surrounding this station
are small, branches from the thirty inch main fed by the forty-eight inch main
terminating at Third and Market Streets. There is a possibility that the B. Goli
8 resent are due to deposits in the water lines as this is an old territory and the
nes have been used many years. This may account for the appearance of B.
Coll in one cubic centimeter more frequently than at regular Station No. 18 in
the Sixth Ward.
Regular Station No. 16. located at North Sixteenth and Arch Streets receives
water direct from the thirty inch main and therefore should give better results
than at special Station No. 00. This is the case. In the following table are shown
the results obtained at regular station No. 16:
Digitized by
Google
Uo. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1213
i
n
d
g
! i ::' i :: i ! i' i+ i' !:':•:'::::•:! i
as
d
d
: : : i' : i : : i :' i+:i : :• ii :' : i i :' i : i
I
i
i
1
1
P
3i
«^3
::: ;r} ::::: :S :8 :i3 : :S jS :«::::*:: :
i
n
d
d
S
: : : : i ' : i i i ! ! ' 1 i i 1 ! !+ 1 1 1 i i ' : : i :
d
d
1^
i i i : i M : i ! i i IM : : ! : !+i i i i !' i : : i
5j
i i i :::-:: i :::* i : :i : i* !::: is;: i i
1
n
d
d
9
d
d
1^
: :i : i : : i i 1 ! ! j i i ji i i : i i i+ ! i i : i :•
: :' : i i : : :' i i i i : :' i • i i i :' ; : : i : :'
31
M^ 1 : i ! ! :8 i : i : ! :^ j : : : : i^ : : : j ! :«
i
g
1
d
d
S
i :• . : : i i ii : : : i i :' : i i : i :i i i i i i i 1
03
d
d
: :^ ::::: :^ ■: i : i i^^ ::::::*:::::: :
O
i
02
1
d
d
9
d
d
::'!:' i i ! i i!' i i i i i :':: i ! i !': i : i
II
: :!8 : IS : : : : : :a : : : : : :a : : : : : :S : : : :
1
^^'^'^'^''^'^'^^^'^d^ii:i^^^^^^dn^i}^}g^n^^ci
Digitized by
Google
1214
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THl3
Off.Dof
1
i
O
o
<
H
OS
P
o
fa
o
H
p
0^
1
n
d
d
d
d
i : i : ! i i : i i i i i i : : i ! i i : N
!' i+
i i ! : i i i i i : : i ! i ! : : : i i : 1 1 i i ! 1 i+
Total
) Count.
1
i i i : i !! i i i i : i :;:;:•: :^55 :: :9 :R
1
1
&
SQ
-<
a
n
d
d
9
d
d
: h :+:!+:+: 1 : h ii :l i :+
+ :» i : h !
: : 1 i 1 : :+ : 1 .* 1 I ! 1 M ! 1 : ; I
1 : 1 ; : : 1 i
Total
1 Count.
: :8 :a : jS j^ :& : :* jS :» j jS
^ r I M
B:
1
n
d
d
+ : ji ii i 1 i :+ -1 !+• • ' •+ h
• :+:| :| : :
d
d
1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1+ ; 1 : 1 1 1 1 ;+ : 1
■ :| :| :|
ll
« : :5l :S5 jS : :S jtg :§ : :g jS :§
:$ :a :l«
n
d
d
h i i ::':':+ i !'!• i M i 1 ! ' ' : :+ ' i
d
d
!• i i i :' !' i' i :' :» -I i !' :' ' i M :
1 i
Total
Count.
•^ : : : :^ :^ :^ : :^ i^^ :* i i^ :8 i» i jS i
a :
n
d
d
S
d
d
: ' 1 1 : ' : ii i ' i 1 i ! ' i • ' : i' !' : 1 : i
+ :
i' :' :' : i' il :' i i' : :'• : :l :l :| ::
i :
J
^
\i
:« :!5 :• : :« :S jS : :R j :«* J •* fS jS i i
i
^-c;«-v«V^Vo;o;4«aaVj9V5;53Va^^^^^
r«M
'aVM
BB
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1215
Comparing the above results with those obtained at regular Station No. 18, it
will be found that they are very similar. Both of these stations obtain their supply
from the thirty inch main fed direct from the forty-eight inch main from Jjardner's
Point.
With the Tenth Ward there is concluded the detailed study of the C^entral por-
tion of the Central and South Philadelphia Water District. This ward lies directly
north of the Ninth Ward, extends from Arch Street north to Vine, a distance
of three squares and from North Seventh Street west to the Schuylkill River. It
is more given over to. residential purposes than the Ninth Ward, being about the
same size but having a population of 19,000 or nearly four times that of the Ninth
Ward. In the western end of the ward along the river bad housing conditions
are encountered.
During the year 1913, up to the end of October, fifteen cases of typhoid fever
occurred in the Tenth Ward, all but two of these coming down during the open
season. In the tables which follow are shown the records of typhoid fever cases
^r the past six years. As relates to typhoid fever this ward is not different from
the other wards in this Central district already discussed. The year 1906 is the
high year followed in the subsequent years by a more or less marked reduction in
^phoid fever, showing the effect of the introduction of filtered water into the dis-
trict. The influence of the application of hypochlorite of lime is not as marked
as in some of the other wards nor is there any great variation between years in
the cases occurring during the open season.
Causes have been assigned to eight of the fifteen cases occurring in the first ten
months of 1913. This leaves seven unknown, of which number four occurred early
in the year and the history of these cases is incomplete and they have not been
reinvestigated. As to the assigned causes, one is thought to have been due to
contact with raw river water; one case was imported from outside the dty; for
another the diagnosis was doubtful; with respect to three it is Uiought that they
possibly may have come in contact with other cases at their places of emplloyment :
and two others travelled at various times on river steamers where the drinking
water supplied to the passengers was not above suspicion.
77
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1216
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
o
P
a*
o
04
s
X
M
QQ
o
tf
«
%
fo
i
9
S
aaaaaaaaaaai
« W V w
aaaa
iHOeOOOfHMiAf-lO^
e«^ee«a>t»9fHOM«ON
I:
MMr-iMee^Mf-4tae«
t^
4cn
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER 0^ HEALTH.
1217
Typhoid Fever Oases in the Tenth Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Inclusive— For Six Years.
Year.
me
1909
1»U>
im
1912
1918
Caset,
23
ao
u
9
15
11
This cdknpletes a study by wards of the central part of this water district. It will
be followed by a study by wards of the cases occurring in the eight wards making
up the South Philaddphia portion of this large water district. All of the South
Philadelphia district lies below South Street.
SOUTH PHIIuADELPHIA WATER DISTRICT.
Fourth Ward: In the Fourth Ward the city established one regular sampling
station in June, 1913, at the Franklin Sugar Refinery. Two special city sampling
stations Nos. 79 and 80, were instituted in October. The State Health Department
collected samples during October, November and December, 1913, at the two city
special stations.
In the following table are given the results collected at special Station No. 21,
701 South Front Street:
n— 14— 1915
Digitized by
Google
1218
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
1
1
n
6
ji !» i i i 1 !'
+ ::!'!
+ : : i
1 :+:!!!:
^
i ' i 1 : : i i : 1
+ : ! :' :
> : : :
1 : 1 i i : : :
g«S
:?=» :« : ; i i i*
^ ': ': •■• :
a i i i
"*:-:::::
i
i
'
n
6
1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 i : 1 :+ : 1
1 ii i
. 1 i 1 : i
: ; : : ! •
52
d .
d
1 : : 1 : 1 : 1 : : 1 : 1 : 1
' -1 i
; : 1 : 1 : :
i
g-J
-::-:- :a : :S ;§ :§
SS |S :
: :• :« : :
P
H
H
i
n
d
d
S
:| : : . 1 :| :| : i+:| :| : :| :| :+: jl jl i
d
d
:| : : : :| :| :| : :| :l :| : :| :| :| : :i :l :
II
!« : i i :« :•• -S : :« :§ f^ : :« :• :- I f :^ :
i
n
d
d
9
j i : i : i i i+i+i+i :+:+:+ : i» ii IM!' :
d
d
: i : i i : i -I i+i+i -Mi il ii» :> :• :p :
1
5
II
i i i i f : ; :» fS :« : fS :« ;«^ i i« :"
3 .• :• :
i
i
94
j
^••^•«V.«»t--«?rfg;H
aasas
Vs
Fasi^gfn
ISNK
tiMiu
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX>MMISSIONEB OF HEALTH.
1219
BESUI/ra OF ANALT8BS OF WATER SAMFLBS OOLLEGTBD AT CITT SPECIAL STATIONS
NO. 7» AND NO. 80, FOURTH WARD. DURING OCTOBER. UU.
October.
2.
6.
8.
10.
S:
17.
20.
Statloo N^. 7».
Total
Goant.
180
87
210
90
140
64
64
SI
B. CoU.
10.0.
U)C.C.
+
+
+
—
+
—
+
—
+
—
+
+
+
+
station No. 80.
B. CoU.
Total
Coant.
lO.C.
lOC.C.
180
+
91
+
IfiO
100
_
170
~
100
+
180
61
+
Station No. 79 is located at the corner of South Fifth and South Streets. Sta-
tion No. 80 is located at the corner of Clymer and Swanson Streets, the samples
coming from a tap in Shanahan's ice-cream factory where a large amount of water
was used daily. The results of the samples collected by the State Health Depart-
ment at these two stations are shown in the following table:
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITT WATER
BUREAU STATION NO. 79, FOURTH WARD, 616 SOUTH STREET. mS.
October.
November.
r-^
Day.
Total
Coant.
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
Tk>tal
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
1
15
IS
80
40
66
20
U
20O
100
80
28
82
80
42
86
16
12
ia
14
14
15
20
9
40
28
19
20
.,
82
29
40
82
20
12
0
i ....
0
0
0
0
0
I: :::::::::::::::
::::::::
6'
0
0
0
0
i'
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
d*
0
0
0
0
7^ .
i; :::::::
17
12
11
6
89
14
0
9,
560
260
200
80
IfiO
0
14^,
0
11
0
121
(>
U.
(^
u :!:.:!!!;!;:..
15*
lao
200
260
260
180
100
120
160
60
40
S; :::::::::::::::
17
IS*
i» :
20^ .
S, ::::::::::::::
28
n\
u\
26 :...
»
« .!..:::!!;!!!!!
80
00
60
48
66
2g,
29
20,
tl
Digitized by
Google
1220
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 80. FOURTH WARD, CLYMBR AND SWANSON 8TB3BETS.
1913.
Day.
1.
a. ,
e.
7,
8.
9.
10.
U.
12.
13.
14.
16.
16.
17,
IS.
19,
aa.
21.
2S,
24.
25.
26.
27,
28.
2».
30.
81.
• ••>A- ••■*••
October.
Total
Count.
850
260
160
150
250
Pink
Col.
400
660
126
100
200
801
240
100
80
46
40
B.
Coll.
November.
Total
Count.
0 I
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
32
30
26
100
140
100
00
120
40
26
46
82
20
160
12
IS
24
2»
14
6
24
"is
16
60
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
0 1
Si
0
0
0
0
0
?
0
1
0
December.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
60|
24!
24!
14'
24l
6
12
8
94
6
B.
OoU.
A forty -eight inch main bringing watpr direct from Tjardner's Point pamping sta-
tion passes down Broad Street. From this large main a thirty inch main jfoes
east on Bainbridge Street passing through the centre of the Fourth Ward, con-
sequently, the Fourth Ward throughout its entire length should receive a relatively
fresh water from the Torresdale filters and it would be expected that the bac-
teriological results would be fairly uniform. The results obtained by the city and
the State indicate this with the exception of those results obtained in October,
prior to October 24th. Before this dnte the water mnins throughout the entire
Torresdale district had been flushed. Until October 14th, an extra large force of
men were flushing the mains, but on October 14th this force was reduced to the
usual number employed in this work. It would appear that as soon as this disturb-
ing of the mains had ceased and the sediment in the pipes bad again become
adjusted, the results in this ward, as in several other wards in this district, seem
to become free from B. Coli and the total count is considerably diminished. Where
the sampling station is located on a small distributing main at some distance
from the main distributor the bacterial count is found to be higher and B. Coli
appear more frequently.
The study of typhoid fever in the Fourth Ward as weM as Wards Three,
Two, and One, which are to follow, must be considered in its relation to the
housing conditions. The section thus outlined constitutes one of the bad housing
areas of the city where properties are deteriorating and are creating problems
which require larger expenditures of public funds to care for the victims of disease
and neglect which such slum areas create. The ward is congested, and inhabited
largely by a foreign population: the houses are small and overcrowded, with poor
drainage facilities. In other words the physical conditions aid in the extension
of communicable diseases. In addition it is extremely difficult in many instances
for the medical inspector to secure definite data relative to the patients. In the
Fourth Ward in the year 1913. up to November 1st, there were thirty-two cases of
typhoid fever. Among these were eighteen Italians, five Jews, three Russians,
one Norwegian, one Pole, one Irishman and three Americans. This will give some
idea of the difficulties that are encountered by the inspector as many of these for-
eigners are unable to speak English.
Of the thirty-two cases occurring in 1913. twenty -nine were returned to the
City Medical Inspector for a reinvestigation. Even after this had benn done the
origin of but eight of the thirty-two cases has been ascertained. Four of the
cases were imported, one was not typhoid fever, one was a possible secondary,
and two may possibly be due to neighborhood infection through flies. This leaves
twenty-four unknown cases. In the following tables are shown the recoils of
typhoid fever cases by months for six years and for the open season during Xhe^t
years.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1221
J
iUiiiUii
a
g
§§lil§|g||§g
333333333233
»
1911
« « • « «
t-l M O M H *-l «e ^ t* M i«l iH
r;
i
.._..J
s
1
i
t
8
r:
1
January
February
March
^.y:- .::::::::::::::::::::::::
June,
July
August
September,
October
November,
December
1
Digitized by
Google
1222
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Typhoid Fever Oases in the Fourth Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Indusive, For Six Years.
Year.
1908
1909
1910
19U
1912
IMS
CtLMB •
8S
17
20
a
»i
SO
The introduction of filtered water, as indicated in the preceding table, was fol-
lowed by a material reduction in typhoid fever cases in this ward. The addition
of hypoclilorite of lime to the filtrate does not appear to have had any marked
effect in reducing cases. After the first filtered water was introduced in 1906,
followed by the prefiltered water in 1909, there was a reduction of fifty per cent,
in the cases occurring during the open season in 1909 as compared with the same
season in 1906. There was little change in the totals for the open season for the
following years except that in 1913 the total is slightly higher than the preceding
year.
Third Ward: Neither the City nor the State Health Department maintained
a sampling station in the Third Ward which is directly south of the Fourth
Ward. This ward is not supplied with water directly from the express main on
Broad Street, but either from the thirty inch branch extending midway through
the Fourth Ward or from the twenty inch branch passing through the Second Warf.
Consequently the results of sampling in the Fourth and Second Wards apply to the
Third Ward.
The Third Ward is similar in character to the Fourth, with a large foreign ele-
ment in its population, many Jews and Italians living here. Bad housing condi-
tions were also present and difiiculty was encountered in securing definite informa-
tion relative to typhoid fever cases. Of the forty-five cases for 1913, thirty were
reinvestigated by the city medical inspectors at the renuest of the State officers.
Forty-five cases of typhoid fever occurred in 1913 in the Third Ward up to the
first of November. Most of these were located in the north central part of the
ward, in several inatances being closely grouped. Onuses have been assigned to
twenty, leaving twenty-five of unknown origin. Ten of these were included in the
re-inspection cases, but they had moved and the inspectors were unable to place
them. In the following table are shown the cases with known sources of infec-
tion:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Third Ward, 1913— Determined Causes of Infection.
Possible neighborhood infection , 5
Imported, 9
Secondary, 1
Drank river water 2
Bathed in river, 2
Travel on river steamer 1
Total, 20
The records of cases by months and for the open season for six years are shown
in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEAl/TH.
1223
QQ
^
^
g
i
i
^
I
llllllllli
&
0«-i«eooe«HiaHMMMe
a?;s**"*s?
Digitized by
Google
1224
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. I>oc.
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Third Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Inclusive For Six Years.
•
Tear.
1906
1900
im
19U
1912
1913
Oases,
9.
SL
86
a>
3»
«
The same features as to typhoid cases are noted in the Third Ward as occurred
in the Fourth, namely, a marked reduction after filtered water was introduced
affected very slightly, if any, by the addition of hypochlorite of lime most of the
cases occurring during the open season.
Second Ward: In the Second Ward the city maintained regular sampling
Station No. 26, from the beginning of 1911 until May 1st, 1913, at which time
Station No. 26, located at 1000 South Sixth Street, was moved to South Fifth and
Carpenter Streets, one square away, and called Station No. 25. The city also
established special Stations Nos. 81, 87, and 92. The State Health Department es-
tablished sampling stations at city special Stations Nos. 87 and 92.
In the following table are shown the monthly average, maximum and minimum
total count of bacteria for the cubic centimeter during ]911, 1912 and 1913 at dty
regular Stations Nos. 25 and 26.
RESULTS or ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES— CITY REGULAR STATIONS NOS. 2S AND »
—SECOND WARD.
1911.
1»2.
1912.
Month.
Total Count.
Total Count.
Total Coont.
Ave.
Max.
Jtfln.
Ave.
Max.
Mln.
Ave.
Max.
Min.
January, •••
1,129
623
410
M4
113
38
23
SO
60
87
192
12i
5.200
920
2,000
1.200
110
140
40
78
240
280
840
290
46
150
65
IS
10
15
8
10
a>
88
18
80
50
118
113
140
600
4»
16
16
28
15
20
21
10
12
14
10
18
20
86
17
51
88
147
121
87
64
67
61
70
^>
220:
490
8801
721
140 1
120
78,
1
S
Febmary
4
March
10
ADrlL*
04 100
80 190
60 90
44 1 300
26' 55
331 86
46 30
29 50
69 806
1
l^
mSj. ...:.:::..:;.::
li
June
12
July
e
Aofnist
w
September.
October,
12
42
November
December
B. Coli determinations were made at the Station during 1913, until the end of
October. The results obtained are set forth in the following table along with total
counts '■o the cubic centimeter obtained during this period:
Digitized by
Google
So. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1223
i
i
6
g
i+ :+ i ! : i 1 i+i • ' i+ !+ i i i : i i+ ; i i
2
I
i
6
: ' :+::::' :+ : •' :+ i■^
:' : :» i' i : :
:Si : :?3 :a; : : :
:n
:§:§:a::«:^:2S:8:|
1
1
3
m
6
d
d
d
i > i 1 i+ i I : : : : 1 i 1 i ! i i
:+ : : i :i jM
: i : • -I
i i !' :l i i : -I
:' : : : il i» i
1
i| .
S : :^ :' ji : :3
:S :S : :§
i : 1
S
^
n
d
d
S
d
d
i i J i+i ! : ji : 1 i i i ji : 1 i ! i h ji :
S
o
i
: :• !i i : i :i ii : i : ii ii i i i ii ji i
: -S
* a
SI
: :- :- is i !§ !S :«::*;« i : : :« :§ :s
OS
O
Q
3
»
d
d
S
!! M"^ M N ' M N M ' P M ^ ^ ':'::: ^
d f M !l ? i ? il : i i : : il ;i : : : :| :| : : : :
d : : : • : • • :::::: : : : : : : : : : :
•^ ' '• ' ' : : : : ::::::: : : : : : • • : •
%
: ja :8 159 ; :S i : :8 : :-» :- :* i i^ ^ i^ : :
1
d
d
S
:: i ::+:+:!: il : 1 \\l\\
1 :::!+:+:
8
PQ
d
d
: i i ; i+:+i i : :i il i i i il
1 : ! : i+ii :
si
SI
: :^ : !« i^^ i* '. jSS :« iS : :S
S :i§ : :e
S :i9
1
i
r^-«4M
Vio«rt-*Qo"o»'c
'sas
;55ss55ssaa
aaswsVa
885
Digitized by
Google
1226
EIGHTH ANNUAL liEPORT OP THE
Off. l)oc.
i
s
n
d
d
s 1
i i i i i i ! M ! i i : ! ! i: ! i ! 1"^ i : i : 1"^ i ' 1
1
d
d
ir4
i i i : j i i : j 1 i i j 1 1 1 i i i i j i i i i j \ j
I
11
i i i i i ! i i i i i i i i : i i i i : i i i
::::::::::::::::::::: : :
i iis :^ :
1
1
n
d
d
i+ ! 1 : j ! i+ :+ i ::!+!+:!:: • :+!::!+!
1
d
d
: 1 !• i ::: M 1 :::: 1 : 1 ::::':+::::+ :
02
II
:«:»::: :a :;9 ::::« :| ::: :8 :S ::: ig :
%
&
<
n
d
d
9
1 : :+ :| i 1 : +:| :+: i : 1 il : : :+ :+ : : : :
i
d
d
1 i fl il !• : I :» :+: i jl -1 : : -I !' i i
:
o
M
i
II
a : :25 :S :8 : 8 :g :5 : : :5!l :g : : :*5 :S : :
j
i
■?
f
d
d
: 1 j : i i 1 i i i 1 j i+ i+ !+ j •+ 1+ !+ j i • !+ :
d
d
:| : : : :| : : :| : :| :| :| i i+ i+ !+ • j j i I i
i
3^
!» : i i i» i i i"* : :^ i^ :5! : i^ iS i« i i i js:
Q
8
1
§
n
d
d
9
!'!+:+!!+:+!•::+:!+'!!+!+!•::'!
d
d
:| :' :+: :l :I :| : :| : : 1 I : :| :+ :1 : :|
II
iS :| :§ i ;8 la :9 ; ;» ; :|« : :a :S :a : :«
:
<
H
1
§
.•.i«v^-»v--a;g^-a-5;f^-^-satSS^^^^
tlfssRSIS
's
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1227
EESULTS OF ANALT8B8 OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT OITT SPECIAL STATIONS N08.
81. S7. AND 92. DURINQ OCTOBER. 1»1S.
October.
2.
C.
8.
»>.
U.
15.
n.
20.
StatkA No. 8L
B. 0<^.
Total
Count.
26
ISO
74
18
17
10
26
1 O.C.
to C.C.
I
Station No. S7.
Total
Count.
76
78
110
UO
7»
UO
96
60
B. CoU.
IC.O.
10 C.C.
t
Station No. 98.
Total
Gonnt.
68
190
lao
84
70
UO
B. C<^.
ICC.
I
+
+
+
+
+
+
Station No. 81 is located on the comer of South Front and Federal Streets;
Station No. 87 at the comer of Passyunk and Washington Avenues; Station No. 92
on the comer of South Broad Street and Washington Avenue.
The results of samples collected by the State Health Department at dty special
Stations Nos. 87 and 92 are shown in the following tables:
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITT
WATER BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 87. SECOND WARD. PASSYUNK AVENUE AND
WASHINGTON AVENUE. 19U.
October.
November. \
December.
Day.
Total
Gonnt.
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
Total
Connt,
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
\\ :::::::::::::::
?: ■•••"::■.::•.:•.:
660
160
UO
60
100
6
6'
6"
1
0
0
i'
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
6
1
0
1
•
ao
20
18
48
60
28
U
126
UO
24
86
72
21
20
48
U
U
19
21
9
20
25
60
J
18
2ft
20
28
U
10
«
g
8
10
7
10
16
10
r;;;;;;;;;
9
10
11
12
S ..
14
S: ::::::::::::::.
140
aoo
120
86
80
150
80
80
60
60
H
n ::;:!::!;:i;!::
u
19.
ao.
S: :::::::::::::::
a.
«
94 .... .
26
9S
27 .....:....:::..
80
12D
GO
70
48
28
a :::::::::::::::
».
1 • . . r« . . .
a,
] ' * •
1
Digitized by
Google
1228 EIGHTH ANNUAL KKPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CTTT
WATER BUREAU STATION NO. 92, SECOND WARD, SOUTH BROAD STREET AKD
WASHINGTON AVENUE, W13.
October.
Bacteria per C. C.
Total.
Pink
ColonJea. B. Coli
10
200|
200'
2B0'
»0
11
13
0 ' •
18; .:..::....::
14
16
iwi
150-
150
140*
UO
200
ViO
120
16 .
1?; ....::.:.:::
0 ' f
18,
19
20,
21
22,
From the fortj-eight inch main pasRing down Broad Street there is a twenty ineli
branch at Washington Avenue, which passes east along Washington Avenue and
thus goes through the central part of the Second Ward supplying to this ward
water direct from Lardner's Point. Because of this method of d^ivery it would
be expected that those sampling stations near Washington Avenue would show
the water to be of a good quality. City regulnr sampling Stations No.
25 and No. 26 are located one square north of Washington A venae. City
special sampling Station No. 81 is one square south of Washington Avenue, and Sta>
tions Nos. 87 and 92 are on Washington Avenue. The results obtained by the city
at regular Stations Nos. 25 and 26 show an improvement in the water in 1912 over the
results obtained in 1911 and an improvement in 1913 over the results obtained in 1912
From the B. Coli results obtained in 1913 it is found that the percentage of samiile^
showing positive B. Coli tests increase in the latter part of the year. During Sep-
tember and until October 14th, the mains were being disbursed by an extra amount
of flushing through fire hydrants. The results obtained by the State Health De<
partment at City Stations Nos. 87 and 92 and those obtained by the city at theae
stations indicate the disturbance to be due to flushing, and, as in other cases, th«
results improve rapidly in the latter part of October, the total count being smaller
in November and December and B. Coli appearing less frequently. During October.
1913, at Station No. 87 the State obtained twelve samples showing pink colonies
and six with B. Coli out of twenty snmples. In November six samples out of
twen^-six showed pink colonies and but two showed B. Coli. In December there
were no pink nor B. Coli colonies in twelve samples.
In the Second Ward, as in the Fourth and Third, bad housing conditions are
encountered extending west as far as South T^nth Street. The physical condition*
are also similar, the ward being congested and the home for many foreigners. Of
the seventy-six cases of typhoid fever in 1913, sixty were returned to the eitr
authorities for reinvestigation which in a number of in.^^tances served to clear
up the source of infection. Causes have been assigned to forty-four cases leavlnc
thirty-two of unknown origin, six of which could not be located in the retnvesti*
gation. The assigned causes are shown in the following table:
SECOND WARD TYPHOID FEVER CASBS—mS.
Determined Oaueei. Caa*«.
Imported, • n
Secondary X?
Contact, f
Worked on rirer
Stetwm'i Hat Factory »
On rirer steamer, i
Bathed In rirer. 1
Drank rirer water i
Nelghborboed Infection •
Total M
Unknown, t
TmttLl casei.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1229
As in the Fourth and Third Wards the influence of filtered water can be perceived
by a study of the tables following, which show the typhoid fever cases in the second
Ward for six years. As in the other two wards in 1908 the winter typhoid was
heavy, being reduced after the introduction of filtered water in May. There were
a hundred and thirty-nine cases in 1908, eighty-six of which occurred prior to the
use of filtered water. The following year showed a reduction of fif6^ per cent,
a slight increase in 1910, with a marked reduction in the next year. In 1912 there
was an increase in the number of cases and in 1913 a still further increase, but in
no year has the number of cases equaled 1908. Throughout the six year period
most of the cases occurred during the open season and possibly, if the facts were
known concerning the years prior to 1913, many of these cases could be charged
to infections occurring outside the city. The use of hypochlorite of lime does
not seem to have been accompanied by any great diminution in the number of
cases. The tables for six years follow:
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Second Ward During the Open Season, April to
October Inclusive— For Six Years.
Year.
1908
1909
mo
mi
1912
1913
C&86S ... - -
53
89
58
83
63
69
Digitized by
Google
1230
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
O
P
o
M
o
s
s
Q
O
i
Q
M
o
m
ft
s
I
fl|aa|||a|a|
aaaaaaaaaaaa
333333333333
• • « a>
aaaa
3333
aet- «-i H lo «e ^ A ^ w «• ••
P4
nssns''
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1231
In the Second Ward one dual pipe connection was found. This is at the foot
of Washington Avenue on one of the piers owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany and leased by the International Mercantile Marine Company. There are
* five steamship lines docking at these piers which are numberea 46, 48, 53, 55,
and 57. These boats ply between Philadelphia and South American and European
ports and engage in passenger and freight transportation. They obtain drinking
water from the domestic water lines on the piers and also from the river water
boats, depending upon convenience. About Uiree hundred men are employed on
these piers.
City water is supplied to the piers for drinking purposes and raw river water,
in a separate line of pipes, for fire purposes. Fire pumps are maintained and are
tested every night up to the re<^uired pressure stipulated by the EHre Underwriters*
Association. It is deemed advisable and necessary to maintain pressure in these
fire lines and consequently there is a six inch pipe connection to the city mains.
On this connection there is a stop valve, which was kept open until the fall of 1913,
and also a check valve to prevent the raw river water from flowing back into the
city mains. If this check valve leaked there was nothing to prevent the river
water from leaking into the city mains. During the summer of 1913, the City
Water Bureau and the City Board of Health required the company to put in an
additional check valve and to keep the stop valve shut and sealed and also to
instaU a water tank on standards. Such a tank was put into service but the com-
pany did not sever the six inch connection with the city main, arguing that
enough water could not be stored in the tank to supply the fire lines before the
city fire apparatus arrived. The Chief Engineer of the State Health Department
maintained that the six inch connection should be severed and a pumping engine in-
stalled connecting with the city main and delivering citv water into the tank when
needed, thus obviating any possibility of back flow of river water into the city
mains and also meet the requirements of the company. Consequently the dty
authorities issued an order to this effect.
The sampling station nearest this dual pipe connection was city special station
No. 81, corner of South Front and Federal Streets, at least three blocks away. By
reference to the results already given of analyses of samples from this station it
does not appear that the presence of the above mentioned duid pipe connection
had any material effect on the quality of the water in this locality. Moreover, there
were no typhoid fever cases in its immediate vicinity.
First Ward: In the Blrst Ward the city maintained regular stations Nos.
22, 23, 24, and 27, and special sampling stations Nos. 82 and 86. The State Health
Department collected twenty water samples from two fire plugs and also from the
city sampling station No. 82.
The city regular Stations Nos. 22 and 24 are located in the northeastern part
of the ward; Station No. 23 is in the southeastern part, and Station No. 27 in the
central part. Station No. 22 was maintained only during June and July, 1913.
Stations Nos. 23 and 27 were established in June, and Station No. 24 in July,
1913. In the following tables are the results obtained at these stations:
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES FROM CITY REGULAR STATION NO. 2S.
iriRST i^ARIX— 191S.
1
July.
Day.
Total
Ooant.
B. OoU. '
Total
Count.
B. CoU.
! 1
1 o.c. loc.oJ
1
1
1 0.0.
10 CO.
1
2
t
J:::::::::::;::;:;;:::::::::;::::::::::;::;;::;::
6
84
::::::::
7. ..........:..
2<
iio
22
8
~"
•I ::;.::..!.:!.!!:::....:!!!!].!....!:....!:!!:!:
28
10.
+
■'" +'
5; : :.
69
12,
"~"
IS
85
m!
12
m
+
S: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::...::
If
110
17,
^
78
Digitized by
Google
1232
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES FROM CITY REGULAR STATION NO. S.
B'IRST WARD— 1913— Continued.
Day.
18.
19.
20,
21.
22.
23,
2i,
25,
26,
27.
28,
Jane.
July.
Total
Count.
i ToUl
I Count
a ColL
1 C.C. W C.C.
+ +
ICC. ttC.C
46
+
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1238
b
n
6
2
i i : i :' h ; i :' !'
2
d
f-i
i i : iii i i i i i' :•
2
PES
H
: : : : :i^ : : : : :9 :«
1
n
i+ ji i i ! !+ h i i i ! 1 :+ : ! i :+ ! i+ i i M
d
d
i 1 : 1 : ! i i+ i 1 : ! : i I
:• i i i :i ! i+i : :'
6
■3 a
5|
:»::::«: :g :: r
^
o
M
1
1
%
d
d
2
+ i :i !+ :' Ml i+ !•
::+:+::::+:+:
P3
d
d
+ : : 1 : 1 : 1 : : 1 :+ : 1
: :' ii i ! i :+:' ! i
s
I
M
8 i ;8 i^ :« : :^ |g \%
: :a :gj : : : :g :^ :
t
n
d
2
:+::::' :+:+::+:+:+::+::: ' : !+ j-^
d
d
: 1 i i : i 1 i i i 1 i i 1 i ' : 1 ! i I i i i 1 i : ' !+
11
:«p : : : :^ :a :S : jS :§ :J5 : :3 : : :9 : :» :|
O
1
n
d
d
2
i ! i i M : : 1 -1 :+::+!:++::' !+:+!:+
a
d
d
1^
: i : i : : : : • :« :+::+::•+::• :+ : ' : -"^
3|
::::::: :S5 :§ :S : :a : :gte : :S :« :tS : :&
13:;
1
r^MMVuS^ftVooV^V
!^SJSt35S
fjis5JaVsfna««VRa>
[
78—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1234
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
RKSUJ/rS OF ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS
NOS. 82 AND 8fr-£*IRST WARD—1913.
October.
2.
6,
8.
17.
a).
SUUon No. 83.
Total
Count.
1»
71
160
85
71
71
58
74
B. GoU.
10.0.
I
10 CO.
StaUon No. W.
Total
Ooont.
95
19
UO
B. OoU.
lO.C.
10 c.c.
+
+
+
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1235
§
9
s
O
o
i
SI
S
o
6
II
N
H
QQ
SS
Pi
c
GO
»
OS
a
t
<
o
QQ
s
p
OS
9 +
o
d
%
"
u
o
e
8
n
d
o
rt
II
<s 1
:| :+
:| :+
:a
: :«
: I :+ : :
• o» •« •
: :S
I . : : I
: :|
+ :
+ :
u :
+ :l
>^*^^'>^'^'^''^'<^'^:i^^z^^^^^^^^n^^n^nMd
Digitized by
Google
123d
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THR
Off. Doc
EH
GQ
6
o
%
C5
IS
c
IS
P5
O
OS
O
S
P
(»
03
•-
1
n
6
6
6
II
^5
M j i ! ! i j j jS j : j j i^ i« 1
1
m
d
S
:+ i 1 :!::+:+::::+!+:
: :i !+ i i i i+i
d
d
:i :i : : : :+:i i i : !+:+:
i ! 1 : 1 i : : :+ :
II
^^5
la :§::::» la ::: :| jS :
ii«!*::i:2:
!
i
n
d
d
i i i+i+h i ji ! i l+i 1 ji
=+ : i i l+i' : i :
d
d
: i :' :Mi : :' i i i+i i :• ii i : i !• ji :::
1 Total
1 Coant.
1
1
1
MM MMN MM MM MH 1
o
1
1
n
i
n
d
d
:+ : M i • :+ i+ i+ ' :+:+:!+!+:+::':+:
d
d
;• i : : :• :+ : • i+ ' :> i+ i i I i+ i > i i • !+ !
in
d
d
:5 : : : :$ :g :« :|S :S :S : jS :§ :Sg : :« :5 :
::::::::: :| !+ j j-j. • •++ j • | j+ j+j ji •
d
d
i i i : i : i i i :| :| : :| : i+l : :l :+:| ::l :
Is
^5
! : : i : : ! : : i^
:« j js : :8§
: :t5 :S :ja ::S: 1
: : : : : : : t
^
■^s^jgsVsss
R«as«J5RR»»S
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1237
From these tables it will be noted that the results obtained at Station No. 27 differ
from those obtained at the other stations, the total count usually being higher and
B. Coli more frequent. The cause of this difference will be discussed later in the
remarks pertaining to the entire water supply for the First Ward. The State
Health Department collected samples at city special Station No. 82, results of
which are shown in the following table:
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLBOTBD AT CITY SPECIAL
STATION NO. 82-FIRST WARD— 1913.
October.
j November.
, December.
Day.
Total 1 Pink
Count. 1 Col.
B.
Coll.
Ic. C.
i 1
Total , Pink
1 Count. , Col.
1 1
i B.
1 1^.
1 1
Total i Pink
1 Count. 1 Col.
i
B.
Coll.
Ic. c.
1
J ::::::::::::;:::
■;
i'
l\
0
•51
SI
0
0
0
0
ii
il
0
0 1
1 15
1 80
22
80
83
0
0
0
"0
0
0
0
"o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"0
1
0
60 0
24 0
321 0
30 0
' 44' 0
1 ^ i ^
24 "O
1 12' 0
I 12 1 0
1 10' 0
' 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
9
10,
::::::::::::::;:::
850 2
300' 1
260| 2
»»j .
200! 0
1.200; 6
400, 0
460 1 3
240 1
100' 0
120 2
100 1 0
60 0
45! 1
43 1
48 0
20' 6
82 0
200; 0
150 i 0
80| 0
34' 0
6O1 0
82, 0
62; 0
42' 0
60, 0
15 0
1« 1
14 1 0
10 0
1 12 0
22 0
1 17 0
6 0
12; 0
"o
0
0
11,
0
13
0
13'
0
14 :::.....!..
15
n|
17
18
19
20.
S; :::::::::::::!.
22
23,
i
24
1;::::::::: 1 :::::::: ,
|::::::::::, ::::::::
i::::::::::j ::::::::
26|
26
27,
28
IB
1
1
n
a .
S' ::::.::::::::..
81
i
In this ward two fire hydrants were selected for the collection of muddy water
samples, one at Cross and South Fifth Streets near the central part of the ward
and another on Wilder Street near South Second Street in the northwestern part.
The gate valve on South Fifth Street was closed so that the supply for the line
came from South Fourth Street only, making the hydrant act as a blow-oflf on
a dead end. Before the closing of the gate valve a sample was collected from a tap
at the corner of South Fifth and Tasker Streets. Before the first sample was
collected from the hydrant, it had been opened and the water allowed to fiow a short
time.
Before collecting the third sample the hydrant was opened and closed three
times as rapidly as possible. After the collpction of this sample the water was
allowed to run continuously at about one-fourth flow and before the next sample was
collected the hydrant was opened to the full extent and then partly closed. In
the following table are shown the results obtained froi^ the analyses of the samples
secured at the hydrant at Cross and South Fifth Streets:
Digitized by
Google
123S
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
SERIES OP MUDDY WATER TESTS BY STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT AT PIRE HTDBANT
AT GROSS AND SOUTH FIFTH STREETS— FIRST WABTD-OGTOBBR 14, lOU.
Hoar of
Collection.
Bacteria per c. c.
Sample.
Total
Ckmnt.
Pink
Ookmica.
B.
(Ml.
No. 1— T4P at 8. 6th and Taaker
streets.
No. 2— Fire Hydrant,
11:00 A. M.,
100
1,200
900
900
1,200
Mb
t
1
11:10 A. M
11:60 A. M
12:16 P. M
12:88 P. M
1-14 P. M
4
No. !>— Fire Hydrant
No. 4--Fire Hydrant,
No. 6--Flre Hydrant
No. 0— Fire Hrdrant
No. T—Flre Hydrant,
2:50 P. M 1 600
4 ; 1
No. 8— Fire Hydrant,
8:60 P. M 1 100 : 11 1
The results at this station indicate that the water became better as the flow at
the hydrant continued. Throughout the entire test period the water was turbid
when the hydrant was open full but the turbidity was not so pronounced at the
time of the collection of the last two samples:
SERIES OF MUDDY WATER TESTS BY STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT AT FIRE HYDRANT
ON WILDER STREET NEAR SODTH SEVENTH STREET, FIRST WARD-OOTOBBR 14, IWl
Hour of
Collection.
Bacteria per c. c
Sample.
Total
Count.
Pink
Oolonlea.
B.
OoU.
No. 1— Tap. 1431 S. 7th Street
No. ^— Fire Hydrant,
10:56 A. M.,
11:00 A. M . ....
00
S,400
No. »— Fire Hydrant
11:45 A. M . . .. ""...'."
No. 4— Fire Hydrant
12:10 P. M.; 1.200
12:40 P. M 900
1:00 P. M 000
2:46 P. M 900
8:46 P, M 1,500
No. 5— Fire Hydrant
No. 6— Fire Hydrant
No. 7— Fire Hydrant!
No. 8— Fire Hydrant,
1
Before starting the last series the gate valve on the water main connecting with
South Seventh Street was closed so that the supply came from South Sixth Street
and the flow from the hydrant was as from the blow-off on a dead end . As this gate
valve was being closed a tap sample was collected at 1431 South Seventh Street,
in order to have a sample representative of the water flowing in the main before it
was agitated by opening the fire hydrant. The results show the tap sample water
to be satisfactory. As soon as the hydrant was open muddy water appeared and
turbidity persisted throughout the entire teat period. When first opened the water
was very muddy. The hydrant was kept partly open throughout the test but was
opened full just before collecting samples. The results obtained at these two
stations in the First Ward are comparable with the results obtained at the other
fire hydrants and it is believed that the hydrants tested represent the condition
of the water of the mains in general. It appears from the results obtained fitMn
the muddy water samples that the mud deposits in the water mains are seeded with
bacteria which appear whenever agitation of the water occurs, the number released
from this deposit being proportionate to the agitation. The samples from the
hydrants showed a larger number of bact^ia than were found in samples collected
from the sampling stations established throughout the Torresdale district. The
entire district, however, showed the effect of the flushing of the mains except in a
few cases where the sampling stations were located on one of the large distributors
The water supply for the First Ward is obtained from a sixteen inch main com-
ing direct from the forty-eight inch main on Brond Street and from a sixteen inch
main running north and south through the ward connecting with the twenty indi
main on the north coming direct from the forty- eight inch main and with an
extension from the forty-eight inch main on the south. Regular city sampliiig
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1239
Stations Nos. 22 and 24 probably obtained their simply from the sixteen inch main
connected direct with the forty-eight inch main. Regular city Station No. 27 was
more isolated than the others and was probably fed by small laterals. This possibly
accounts for the larger total count and the greater number of B. Coli found at this
station. The results obtained by the State Health Department at city special
Station No. 82 showed a high total count and the presence of B. Coli during
October as was the case with other stations sampled by the State during October.
The First Ward lies directly south of the Second Ward, extending south from
Wharton Street to MifBin Street, a distance of six blocks and west from the Dela-
ware River to Passyunk Avenue. In the northern half of the ward bad housing
conditions are encountered. The entire ward is congested and many nationalitieH
are found therein. It is partly unsewered, a condition which increases the chance
of neighborhood infection. Several groups of cases were found but for the most
part they were scattered in the territory lying west of South Front Street. There
does not seem to be any predominance of cases in the northern part of the ward,
where the bad housing conditions are foimd, over the southern half.
Directly along the river front are a number of industrial plants but the only
dual pipe connection was in the plant of the N. G. Taylor Company, tin-plate
manufacturers, located at the corner of Tasker and Swanson Streets, one-third
of a mile back from the river. At this works there was a four inch connection to
the city main from a pipe line through which water from an artesian well was
piped to a tank. On July 30th, 1913, the company put in a drip and the latter
part of September there was an absolute severance of the dual pipe connection.
The city and the State had sampling Station No. 82 at South Front and Tasker
Streets, but this was not used until October after the dual pipe connection had been
severed. Consequently, no data are available to show what effect, if any, may have
been produced on the quality of the city water by this dual pipe connection.
In the first ten months of 1913, eighty cases of typhoid fever occurred in the
First Ward, sixty-seven of which were reinvestigated by the city's medical inspec-
tor at the request of the State Department of Health. This reinvestigation, how-
ever, failed to shed much additional light on the sources of infection as only
thirteen of the eighty cases can be assigned to specific origins. The causes assigned
are shown in the following table:
Imported, 3 Drank river water, 1
Secondary 3 Contact at work ,
Not typhoid, 1
Traveled on river steamer, 1
Worked on river wharf, 2
Stetson's hat factory, 1
"Is
Seven of the sixty-seven unknown cases handed back for reinvestigation had moved
and could not be found. In this ward as in the others the inspectors had trouble
in securing adequate data as a number of the patients were foreign born, which
always adds to the difiiculty.
The tables following show the typhoid fever cases in the First Ward for six
years, for the entire year and also during the open season from April to October
inclusive. The record for this ward is quite similar to that of the Second Ward.
In fact there is a marked similarity in the course of typhoid fever in the two
wards. Here again the influence of filtered water is to be noted. Most of the fever
occurred during the open season, this being especially true of 1913.
TYPHOID PBVEB CASES IN THE FIRST WARD FOR SIX YEARS— POPULATION 48,000.
Montb.
1908.
JanoAiTt • <
Febmar}',
March. ....
iC: .:::::
June
July,
Axxgntt,
September,
October, . . .
NoTember,
December,
Total.
10
12
5
158
1909.
31
34
16
12
11 F.
7
3
6
12 PF.
3
2
3
2
16
11
7
6
2
78
1910.
9
0
8
1
2
2
6
10
12
1
5
2 Lime
B3
1911.
ILlme
0 "
1 '*
1 •*
1
2
0
8
6
8
1
3 ••
1912.
ILtme
2 •'
1 ••
0 "
8 **
4 *•
10 ••
14 *•
6 "
4 *•
4 "
8 "
1918.
6 Lime
1 ••
1 "
4 **
U **
11 "
16 *•
15 "
12 *«
1 ••
Digitized by
Google
1240
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Typhoid Fever Oases in the First Ward in the Open Season, April to October
Inclusive— For Six Years.
Tear.
1908.
1909.
mo.
19U.
1912.
ms.
0&8G8,
. .. 1 66
44
84
20
41
n
Thiriy-Ninth Ward.: In the Thirty-ninth Ward the city maintained regu-
lar sampling Station No. 28 and special sampling Stations Nos. 83, 84, 85, 89, 90,
and 91. The State Health Department established sampling stations at city special
Stations Nos. 84, 89, 91 and a station at league Island Park entrance, where the
d^ did not have a sampling station.
City regular sampling Station No. 28, located at South Sixth Street and Snyder
Avenue, was established in June, 1913, and at this station the following results
were obtained:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
I
Q
o
z
z
o
i
p
o
1^
K
I
O
O
QQ
a
n
Is
:^ :*
6
:+:+;
:+:|
:+:+
:+:+::::+;
^1
:S :SS
:» :3
:a :3S
:+ :
181
I
+ ::+:+:! : :+ : I :+:::+:)
:+ H- : :
SI
S : :§§ :g :8 : :• :S :a : : :f
:S
:9 -.53 : :
:+::::! :l :+ : : I :+:+::+:+:+::+:+:
:+::::! : I :+ : : I :+:+::+:
Si
^5
:g : : : :5 :2 :| : \n :g :§ j :82 :8
: :| :+:
:U :
:S
I
:+ :+::+::++::! :+ : |
^8
:::::: :S :«::«: :|8
:S :S :?
--<«^"'^--^"^'«^*^"S;:^"2SJ2H:z2?2Sc5?J§55;j?3§?,S3aS§S5
Digitized by
Google
1242
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Special Station No. 83 is located at South Front and Mifflin Streets; No. 84
at South Second and Wolf Streets; No. 85 at South Fifth Street and Snyder Ave-
nue; No. 89 at Passyunk Avenue and Mifflin Street; No. 90 at South Broad and
Ritner Streets; No. 91 at South Broad and Oregon Streets.
The results obtained by the city at these six special sampling stations are shown
in the following table:
RESULTS OF ANAXYSRS OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS
NOS. 8S, 84. AND 8& DURING OCTOBEK. 1913.
October.
2.
6.
8,
10.
13.
15.
20,
Station No. 88.
Total
Count.
190
&1
1.000
ISO
170
32
94
19
B. CoU.
1 c. c.
10
c. c.
+
+
+
+
-
+
station No. 86w
B. OoU.
Ice. 10 c c
+ +
1 1
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF WWlTBR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY SPECIAL STATIONS
NOS. 89. 90. AND 91 DURING OCTOBER. 1913.
October.
SUtion No. 89.
Total
Count.
2,
6.
8.
10.
13.
15,
17.
20.
120
IGO
370
180
72
110
220
20
B. Coll.
1 c. c. 10 c. c.
t
i
station No. 90.
Total
Count.
B. OoU.
Ic. c.
10 c. c.
9ft
110
280
120
100
180
260
n
i
I
-
SUtSon No. 9L
Total
Count.
170
68
83
96
<2
61
110
37
B. OoU.
Ice. W c c
+
+
+
+
+
+
The results obtained by the city at its regular and special sampling stations in
this ward show that B. Coli were present in a large number of the samples » appear-
ing more frequently than in the two wards north. There was also a noticeable
reduction in the total counts and B. Coli obtained at the six special stations oo
October 20th.
The results obtained bv the State Health Department at aty sampling Stations
Nos. 84, 89, and 91 and at the State's station at I^cague Island Park appear io
the following tables:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
OOMMISSIONEB OF HEALTH.
1243
STATE DBPAKTMBNT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 84-80UTH SECOND AND WOLF STREETS, THIRTY-
NINTH WARD-1913.
October.
November.
December.
Day.
Bacteria per
c. c.
Bacteria per c. c.
Total ! Pink
COUDt. ! Col.
B.
Coll.
ToUl
Connt.
Pink
Col.
B.
CoU.
Total
Count.
Pink
Col.
B.
OoU.
1
I: ::::::::::;::::::::
4,
6
f: ;;;:::;:::;::::;::;
1: :::::::::::::::::::
1
!!!!!!!! ' !!!!!!!!
,
::E:i::::::::
iioi i
660, 2
000: 2
260 8
460 2
150 "o
1,000 1 4
900| 12
260i 2
6
1
0
1
1
"o
8
0
4
2
0
0
0
1
0
40
21
12
7
14
S2
26
220
800
4
40
M
40
16
12
15
16
12
120
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
"i
0
'i 1
10,
Oi 0
11,
60i 0
0' 0
g ;;eee;e
48
60
60
40
60
»
12
8
12
21
17
29
22
7
24
ii
89
100
-
19 0
8 0
0
0
16
:::::::: i :
16
I ::::
1 ::::
i::::
1 •*••
17
lai :::::::::::::::::::
19.
S] :::!:::::....!!!!!
60
200
25
60
40
100
60
46
80
0
0
0
1
1
"o
0
0
1
1
a
a ,-.,.
9,
24 !!.!!!!!;!"!!!;!!
26
26,
27,
28.
w,
»:
n.
I
1
1
STATE DEPAimCENT OF HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITY WATER
BUREAU STATION NO. 89. PISSYUNK AVENUE AND MIFFLIN STREET. THIRTY-
NINTH WARD— 191S.
October 1918.
10.
11,
12.
tt.
14.
15.
1«,
17.
12.
19.
20.
a.
22.
BaeterU oer Cubic Centimeter.
TotaL
860
860
260
100
20O
150
460
260
60
70
180
Pink Col.
B. Coll.
Digitized by
Google
uu
EIGHTH ANNtJAIi REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
STATE DEPARTMExST OF HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CITT WATER
BUREAU SPECIAL STATION NO. 91. BROAD AND OREGON STREETS. THIRTY-NINTH
WAITD— 19U.
NoTember.
1,
2,
J:
I;
7,
8.
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14.
15,
16.
17.
18.
19,
20,
21.
g;
M;
26.
27,
52'
29,
80.
81.
Daj.
Bacteria per c. c. i Bacteria per c. c.
: Total ' Pink
' Ooant. I Col.
600i
850 1
400
250,
600 '
900
900
600
200>
80
B. ' Total
Coll. ' Count.
0|
0
1
25
0
0
40 .
0
0
— !
—
—
at))
0
0
42
0
0
120
0
0
28
0
0
19
0
0
Pink B.
Col. ' CoU.
18
66
18
16
21;
20l
19 '
200,
260 I
120,
66
61
40
461
48 ,
90,
12
20
80
22
17
60
11
6
18
28
26
20
0!
0,
2
ol
0.
01
J'
0 .
0.
Ol
1 i
1 1
0
0
V.
0
December.
Bacteria per c. c.
Total
Count.
0
0
2
"o'
0
0
0
s
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.
01
Pink
Col.
0 0
0 0
01 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
"o "o
1 1
40
28
II
18i
2o:
80
M I
8 t
10 I
B.
OoU.
0
9
l\
0
il
0 '
0
0!
Ol
Oi
0!
V, t !!!!!!
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLECTED AT ULAOUB
ISLAND PARK ENTRANCE. THIRTY-NINTH WARD— 1«U.
1 .
October. .
-
NoTember.
* December
1 ■ w ■
Bacteria per c.
c.
Bacteria per c.
c.
Bacteria per c. c.
Day.
-
Total
Pink
B.
Total
Pink
B.
Total
Pink B.
Count.
Col
CoU
Count.
Col
CoU
•
Count. 1
Col. 1 OolL
1
1. .
1
• • i
1
44
48
•! 0
i. .
28
0
8Bi
3. .
21|
BO,
4, .
— .
..
16:
6. .
100
80
6. .
84
Itf
0 ' f
44
__ _
8. .
•• 1
46
100
0 ' 0
9, .
88.
16
10
800
i
0
2
6
0
2
48 1
60.
82
10
11
300
12, .
240
13, .
40
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
"o
0
0
1
8
62
48
28
72
16
10 ,
16,
1 '
7
........
::::::::
14
15
140
16 .
125
17
500
18, .
200
19, .
260
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1246
STATE DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH ANALYSES OF SAMPLES C50LLBC5TBD AT LBAGUB
ISLAND PARK ENTRANCE, THIRTY-NINTH WARD— 1918-Continuwl.
Daj.
Bacteria per c. c.
NoTember.
December.
Bacteria p^ c. c.
ToUl
Count.
^0 ; I
a
22
23! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
24
2S
26
V
28
29
30
31,
COO
ISO
Pink
CoL
B.
Coll.
I Total
, Count.
80
18
Zl
80
80
15 1
27 I
400
Pink
Col.
Bacteria per c. c.
B.
CoU.
Total
Count.
0
0
0
0
0| .
0, \
0 .
Oi .
Pink
Col.
B.
Coll.
The results obtained at city regular Stntion No. 28 are similar to those from
the regular stations in the First Ward, althoujjh it will be noticed that the counts
as a whole are a little higher and B. Coli appear more frequently. Station No.
28, at the corner of South Sixth Street and Snyder Avenue, is on a sixteen inch
main coming direct from the twenty inch main on Broad Street, which is an
extension of the forty -eight inch main on Broad Street. Water reaching this
point has travelled a great distance and higher total counts would be expected
than from samples collected from stations on the large express main or near
Lardner's Point. The whole of the Thirty -ninth Ward is supplied by relatively
small water mains. Special sampling Station No 84, at the comer of Wolf
and South Second Streets, shows the character of the water in small mains in
this ward. Here the total count remained a little higher than in Stations Nos.
89 and 91 and the Pink and B. Ooli Colonies are more persistent, and are found
more frequently in November than was true at other stations, except at Station No.
91. The samples at League Island Park were obtained at the entrance building and
the water was from a twelve inch main, which is an extension of the twenty inch
main terminating on Broad Street at Shunk Street. This sampling station was
established to show the character of the water after it had passed the entire
length of the city and had reached what may be practically termed a dead end,
as League Island Park is the last consumer on this main.
The October results are similar to those obtained at other stations throughout
this district and it is believed the cause is the same.
The Thirty-ninth Ward lies directly south of the First Ward and extends to
League Island. It covers considerable area, only about one-third of which is built
up, the territory below Oregon Avenue being given over to farms and there is
considerable marsh land . The Delaware River front in this ward has been developed
farther south than Oregon Avenue and notable among the industrial activities along
the river in the southern part of the ward are the Greenwich Point coal piers in the
vicinity of Packer Street. While the entire ward has been laid out, yet in the south-
em part the streets are not developed and it is open country.
During the year 1913, up to the first of November, a hundred and seventeen cases
of typhoid fever occurred in the Thirty-ninth Ward. These cases are mostly
to be found in the northern part of the ward in the territory between McKean
Street on the north and Porter Street on the south, and extending from South
Third Street west to South Twelfth Street, this area comprising a very small sec-
tion of the ward. Ten well defined groups of cases occur, with a total of seventy-
three cases thus located. These groups comprise from four to ten cases each, one
group of seven cases having five in one household This grouping directs attention
to the possibility of neighborhood infection which has not been proven conclusively,
although eighty-eight of the hundred and seventeen rases were returned to the
city medical inspectors for reinvestigation, but without producing any marked re-
sults. There are no dual pipe connections in this ward. In the southern part of
the ward are to be found piggeries and some poudrettc pits, details of which will
be discussed later on.
The Greenwich Point coal piers— piers Nos, 106 to 111 inclusive—are owned and
operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Five hundred men are em-
ployed here, to supply fuel to steamships and load coal for transportation.
There are no dwellings in the vicinity and no city water, the only water supply
coming from the Delaware River. Raw river water is used for all purposes except
Digitized by
Google
1246
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
in the office where melted ice furnishes a drinking water supply. It is pumped into
the fire mains on the piers and into the water tanks » from which the supply goes
to the locomotives and to the steam boilers connected with the hoisting machinery.
Taps are placed on the pipe lines and the men drink the water drawn from these
faucets. No water is furnished from the piers to any vessel. Several cases of
typhoid fever occurred among the workmen on the piers, some of whom lived in
wards other than the Thirty-ninth.
Causes of infection have been assigned to thirty-three cases, leaving eighty-four
undetermined, of which number seventy-two are of unknown origin and the re-
maining twelve could not be reinvestigated for various reasons. In the following
list are shown the causes assigned to the tiiirty-three cases with determined sources
of infection:
Imported,
Secondary,
Contact,
Travelled on Delaware River,
Bathed in river,
Bathed in ponds,
3 Worked along river,
18 Drank river water, .
3 Doubtful diagnosis, .
1
1
1 Total,
33
In the following tables are shown the cases of typhoid fever in the Thirty-ninth
Ward for six years. This is similar to those of the other wards in this district.
showing a falling off in cases after the introduction of filtered water, with a rise
in 1913. As in the other wards a majority of the cases occurred during the open
season. After the introduction of hypochlorite of lime the number of cases de-
creased, except in 1913.
TYPHOID FBVBR CASES IN THE THIBTTT-NINTH WARD FOB SIX YEARS. POPULATION
64.000.
Month.
January,
February,
March. ...
April, ...
May, ....
June
July
August, .
September,
October, .
NoTember,
December,
Total
»
S»
26
86
10 F.
6
10
6
14
IS
z
7
1900.
194
6
10
8PF.
6
13
6
9
10
9
8
0
8
16
6
5
6
2
4
2
8
8
»
2
ILtme
1911.
4 Lime
2 "
0 ••
0 "
0
0
2
8
8
8
2
2 Lime
1912.
4 Lime
1 "
1 "
0 "
2 "
8 "
6 "
IX "
7 "
6 "
6 ••
0 "
int.
' s
1
T
1<
14
22
a
u
s
HI
Typhoid Fever Cases in the Thirty-ninth Ward During the Open Season — ^April to
October, Inclusive — ^for Six Tears.
Tear.
1908.
1909.
Cases,
1910.
1911.
60
1912.
UU.
Thirtieth Ward: With the Thirty-ninth Ward there is concluded the study
of typhoid fever for the eastern half of the South Philadelphia district. The rv
mainder comprises wards Thirty, Thirty -six, and Twenty-six, the first two flanlfing
the Schuylkill River and the Twenty-sixth lying just west of Broad Street. Th<^
Thirtieth Ward is the most northerly of the three, bounded on the north by Soath
Street, on the south by Washington Avenue and extending westerly from South
Broad Street to the Schuylkill River. It is largely residential except aloniz the river
where industries are located. These three wards are furnished with Torresdal^
water but no sampling stations were maintained in any of them.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1247
In the Thirtieth Ward there were two dual pipe connections, one at the power
house at the Philadelphia Electric Company, corner of Grays Ferry Road and
Carpenter Street, and the other at the plant of W. K. Mitchell & Company, 2940
Ellsworth Street. At the first named there was a four ioch valved connection be-
tween the system through which river water was pumped around the plant to the
fire lines and heaters and the city water supply but on September ^nd, 1913 this
was disconnected.
At the W. K. Mitchell & Company's plant the dual connection existed between a
supply of well water and the city main. This was two inches in diameter and was
supplied with two gate valves. On September 12th, 1913, this dual connection was
severed .
There has been a marked reduction in cases of typhoid fever in the Thirtieth
Ward since 1908, when a hundred and twenty-seven cases occurred. The next year
the cases dropped to forty-seven, with a material reduction in each of the next
three years, the low year being 1912, with only nine cases. In 1913, there were
seventeen cases making this the second lowest of the six years. In this ward the
effect of the introduction of filtered water is well demonstrated by the reduction in
the occurrence of the disease and the use of hypochlorite of lime appears to have
been followed by good results. The seventeen cases for 1913 are scattered generally
throushout the ward. Eight of the seventeen of unknown origin and the nine as-
signed causes comprise two imported cases, one secondary, and six river bathers.
The tables showing the cases for six years follow:
TYPHOID FEVER GASES IN TUB THIRTIETH WARD FOR SIX TEARS. POPULATION 2»,000.
Month.
1908.
Janaary. ..
Febmary,
March. ...
April,
May
Jane,
Jnly,
Angnst, ...
September,
October. ...
NoTember,
Deonmber.
Total,
28
80
19
12
10 F.,
4
8
6
8
8
2
7
IS
1900.
8PF.
8
6
0
0
6
6
4
1
8
1910.
47
19U.
0
8
0
0
i i
4
8 '
t I
4 Lime '
27
2 Lime
1 ••
1 "
0 "
0
1
4
8
3
2
0
4 Lime
21
1912.
OLlme
0 "
X "
0 "
2 ••
0 "
1 "
1 "
2 "
2 •«
0 ••
0 •*
1918.
OLlme
8 "
1 "
0 "
0 ••
4 "
8 "
6 "
1 "
0 •'
17
Typhoid Fever Cases During the Open Season— April to October, Inclusive— for Six
Years— Thirtieth Ward.
Year.
1
1906.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1918.
Cttses.
41
24
19
U
»
13
Thirty-Bixth Ward: The Thirty-sixth Ward extendj along the remainder
of the Schuylkill River water front in the South Philadelphia district all the way to
League Island, and from South Eighteenth Street west to the river. It is extensive
in area and like the Thirty-ninth Ward is not thickly settled south of Oregon
Avenae, which extends about midway through the Thirty-sixth Ward. Below this
thoroughfare are found truck fanhs, piggeries, poudrette pits, and marsh lands,
with some industries along the river front. The typhoid fever cases for 1913 are
practically all located north of Oregon Avenue.
This ward was not supplied with any sampling station. Two dual pipe connectionH
were found. One was in the plant of the Philadelphia Rubber Work.s, South
Thirty-seventh and Reed Streets, just north of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
One hundred and twenty-five men are employed. City water is used for drinking
purposes, and raw river water is filtered and used for fire and industrial purposes.
79
Digitized by
Google
1248 KIOHTH ANNUAL KEPORT OF THE Otf. Doc.
Spring water is furnished in the office. Prior to September 4th, 1913, there was a
one inch pipe connection for priming purposes, between the city mains and the
centrifugal pumps used to raise the river water. On this date it was disconnected.
The other duul pipe connection was located in the shops of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad at South Thirty-eighth and Jackson Streets. There were two pumps here
raising the river water to throe tanks, thence to the tire line. The river water was
filtered for boiler purposes, and the city water used for drinking and for an emer-
gency boiler feel . There was a three inch connection with a closed valve and a che<^
valve between the two systems. On Septembed 22nd, 1913, this was abolished.
In 1913, up to the first of November, eighty-four cases of typhoid fever occurred
in the Thirty -sixth Ward. These were located in the northern part of the ward
mostly east of South Twenty-fifth Street. Thirty-three of the cases were returned
to the city medical inspector for le- investigation. The origin of twenty-seven of the
cases has been determined, including three laborers at the Greenwich Coal Piers,
located in the Thirty-ninth Ward. These determined causes are as follows:
Imported, 7
Secondary 7
River bather, 5
Infected at work , 5
Greenwich pier laborers, 3
Total, 27
This leaves fifty-seven cases undetermined, three of which could not be located
on re-investigation.
After the year 1908, when filtered water was introduced into this ward, there was
a remarkable falling off in typhoid fever in 1909. It was reduced still further the
following year, reaching the lowest mark in 1911 when but twenty-one cases oc-
curred, the decrease being possibly due to the use of hypochlorite of lime at Torres-
dale. The year of 1911, however, has been uniformly low in typhoid fever through-
out the whole Central and South Philadelphia district. In 1912 the cases increased
to sixty- three and for the first ten months of 1913 there were eighty-four cases. These
facts are shown in the following tables:
TYPHOID PBVBR CASKS IN THE THIfPTY-SIXTH WARD FOB SIX YBABS, POPULATION
61.000.
Month. 1908. , 1909. 1910. 1911. 1 1912. 191S.
Jannary '
February •
March I
April,
May, ;
June, 1
July '
Augnst, ;
September, i
October,
NoTember,
December,
64
1
17 1
. !
2Llme|
6Um6
4UBie
64
M
^ i
1 "
5
••
1
••
30
8PF. 1
4 '
1 •• 1
2
t
••
44
3 1
0 '* '
1
T
••
17 P.
12 1
2 1
* 1
2
10
••
U
4 ,
1 1
4
If
««
9
4
1
9
20
22
9 1
11
3 1
11
If
22
10 1
12
12
9
9 1
8
1
14
"^ 1
S
8 Lime
4Lime'
1
0
"
13
Totol 309 109 I 62
The cases occurring in the six years during the open season— April to October in-
clusive— ^show a reduction and then an ineroaso, as do the cases for the entire year
This table follows: *
Typhoid Fever Cases During the Open Season for Sir Years— Thirty-sixth Ward.
Year. 1908. 1909. 1910. | 1911.
1912. 1211.
CaseH 124 50 40 ' U I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
1249
Twenty-simth Ward: The Twenty -sixth Ward is the last of the wards
making up the South Philadelphia District. It forms a tongue shaped terri-
tory lying between South Broad Street and Passyunk Avenue on the east and South
Eighteenth Street on the west, extending south from Washington Avenue to League
Island, the same length north and south as the Thirty-sixth Ward. From McKeau
Street south, this ward is only four blocks wide. North of McKean Street it
widens and has a maximum width of eleven blocks along its northern edge. It too,
like the Thirty-sixth and Thirty -ninth Wards, is buUt up to the north of Oregon
Avenue; south of here lies the open country. The settled portion of the ward is
rather densely populated, the section immediately abutting South Broad Street
built up with a good type of residences, while away from this main thoroughfare the
dwellings are generally inferior. There were no dual pipe connections in this ward,
in fact there are few industries of any kind.
The Tweny-sixth Ward lies directly along the Broad Street express main and
thuB should get fresh I^ardner's Point water. There wore no sampling stations in
the Twenty-sixth Ward but both the city and the State maintained stations along
the express main directly over the line in the Thirty-ninth Ward and the results^
obtained from them have been set forth above.
Typhoid fever for ten months in 1913 more than doubled over the preceding year,
which was a trifle higher than the year 1911, which year in this ward as well as the
other wards in the district was the lowest for the six year period studied. After
filtered water was introduced in 1908 there was a continued reduction in typhoid
fever oases for the next three years. The open season cases reach their greatest
number for the six year period in 1913. These facts are shown in the following
table:
TYPHOID Ij-EVER CASES IN THE TWENTY-SIXTH WARD FOR SIX TEARS-POPULATION
55.000.
Jannarj,
February,
March,
June,
July,
August, . .
September,
October. .
NoTember,
December,
ToUl,
Typhoid Fever Oases During the Open Season— April to October, Inclusive — for Six
Years — Twenty-sixth Ward .
Year.
Gaaes.
96 I
1911.
ldl2.
ms.
28
42
010
Very unsatisfactory results were obtained from the records of investigation of the
cases in this ward in 1913. Fifty-eight of the cases were returned to the city medi-
cal inspectors to be re-investigated but this did not yield any material results. A
careful study of the data available enabled the State to determine causes for but
twenty-seven of the hundred and seventeen cases. This leaves ninety cases of
79—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1250 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
undetermined origin, nine of which could not be re-investigated for varioos reasons
and eighty-one are definitely classed as unknown. The determined causes are shown
below:
Imported 9 River water 1
Secondary. 12 River water infection, 1
Contact, 2
Stetson Hat Factory, 2
River bather, 1 27
Almost the entire Central and Southern district is supplied with water from two
forty-eight inch express mains bringing water fresh from Lardner*s Point. The
sampling stations on these large mains show a better water than on branches from
these mains. When the water is carried a great distance and distributed through
small mains the total counts are higher and pink and B. Coli colonies appear
more frequently. The diflference between results obtained at sampling stations
on large mains and sampling stations on small mains can hardly be attributed to
dual connections. Sediment in the mains appears to be the explanation in most
cases. The resu'lts of muddy water samples from fire hydrants show conclusively
that the mud in the mains is rich in bacterial life and contains a relativdy large
number of B. Coli. The flushing of mains late in September and early
in October, 1913, certainly stirred the deposit in the mains and as the sediment
contained more bacteria than the water from the pump station it would be
expected that the bacterial count would increase during the flushing of the mains
and return to normal shortly after flushing stopped. The results show that
about ten days after flushing was stopped on October 14th, 1913, the total counts
returned to normal and B. Coli disappeared except in the case of a few stations
that were on small mains at a distance from the large distributors where the
effect of flushing did not disappear until November.
A careful study of the occurrence of typhoid fever in this district has been
made but owing to inadequate data available for this purpose the results obtained
cannot be said to be entirely satisfactory. In many instances no doubt the facts
were difficult to procure because of the various nationalities encountered, this dis-
trict containing many foreigners; furthermore many of the cases could not be
reinvestigated because families had moved leaving no definite trace of their where-
abouts. The data on each case were carefully studied by the State Health officials
and a large number of them were referred to the city medical inspectors for rein-
spection but this, taken as a whole, did not produce any material results.
While each case was studied individually as to its own particular history and
its relation to the community, the outbreak was looked at from other angles of a
more general nature. Consequently the milk supply was examined in considerable
detail for the entire city, but more particularly for the southern section, for
reasons that will be adduced later. The question of vegetable food supplies,
necessitating a careful study of the truck farms most numerous in the southern
section of the city, was carefully looked into. In this district also abound the
piggeries and poudrette pits, for a long time a bone of contention between the
city health authorities and the owners. These have been investigated. Vital sub-
jects in an outbreak of a communicable disease are the housing question and the
drainage problem, and the State Health officials have secured data relating to
these subjects. Detailed facts respecting these various pertinent subjects are on
file in the office of the State Department of He.<)lth and for the purposes of this
report a brief r6sum6 of the situation is given .
MILK SUPPLY.
Data relative to the milk supply of each case for the entire city were secured
and a special study was made with a view to determining whether the infection
might not have been transmitted through the medium of drivers on the various
milk routes. It developed that throughout the city generally there were many
supplies but that in South Philadelphia there were two large dealers serving many
cases in this district, consequently a detailed study of the milk supply in this
lower part of the city was made.
The dealer supplying 'each case of typhoid fever was ascertained, a summary
of the number of cases supplied by each dealer being given in the table following.
It will be observed that two of the dealers served a large number of the cases,
and four other dealers together served a considerable number. For convenience the
dealers will be designated by letters. Dealers "A" and "B" served 236 and 102
cases respectively, and it was found that practically all of these cases occurrpd
in the southern part of the city in the wards below South Street. It was alw
ascertained that these two dealers had very extensive businesses, the customers
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1251
running into the thousands, but almost wholly confined to the southern district.
Dealer "C" supplied ninety-eight cases; "D" seventy-seven cases; "E" seventy-five
cases; **¥" seventy-two cases; no other dealer served more than thirty-six cases.
The territory in which the last four mentioned dealers supplied milk covered in
each case a large portion of the city there being comparatively few cases in each
of the many wards, thus included. These dealers include some of the most
extensive distributors of milk in the city and, considering the large number of
customers supplied by each, the number of typhoid cases served by each is not
necessarily significant.
The cases were very widely distributed throughout the city except in the cases
of dealers "A" and "B." These two dealers covered tlie entire area below South
Street very thoroughly, each dividing the district into small sections in which
individual drivers served milk to many customers, between them supplying the
greater part of the population resident here.
SUMMARY OF MILK SUPPLIES TO TYPHOID CASES IN THE
TO OCTOBER INCLUSIVE.
ENTIRE CITY-191S-JANUABY
Number of Dealers.
Cases Serred by Bacb Dealer.
Total
Cases
Served.
1
Over 200
2M
1,
101 to 20O, ...
loa
2.
76 to IflO
176
t !:::::::::::::::::::::"!::::::::::::::!!:::!::::::
51 to 75
147
e,
21 to 60
186
s
11 to 20,
<a
1?; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
5 to 10
tt
7
4,
m
s
8
76
44,
1; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
8b
17fi
1 ,
176
38D Dealer*.
l.&S
Of the remaining 216 cases, fifty-seven used no milk and the remainder had un-
known supplies, used condensed milk or obtained milk from their own cows or from
"various" sources.
The prevailing conditions did not point toward mlik as an important means of
transmitting the infection generally throughout the city, but the strongest possibility
of such transmission seemed to lie in the district south of South Street and^ there-
fore, a detailed study was made of the routes of the two important dealers in this
area.
Between January 1st and October 15th, 1913, approximately five hundred cases of
typhoid fever were reported from this area which comprises wards Nos. 1, 2, 3,
4, 26, 30, 38. and 39. About sixty per cent, of these cases were served by the
ninety-five mUk wagon drivers of dealers "A" and "B" whose routes were studied
in detail. This study included ascertaining whether typhoid fever occurred among
the drivers employed on these routes during this period, or at the homes of any of
them, the order in which the customers were served on each route, and the date
of onset of each case of typhoid fever among the customers; the possibility of
transfer of infection from one house to another along each rpute, and all other
pertinent information available.
Two drivers were victims of typhoid and a third lived in a house where typhoid
occurred, but on none of the routes was there found evidence of probable infection
from the drivers. The possibility of infection by transfer along the routes occurred
in a hundred and thirteen cases, twenty -three per cent, of the total cases in the dis-
trict and thirty-five per cent, of the customers served along the routes studied. The
evidence points, however, to the conclusion that few, if any. of these hundred and
thirteen canes are attributable to infection from milk or milk containers.
Dealer "V serves 27,000 customers on sixty-three milk routes in this district
including 219 cases of typhoid fever. Dealer "B" serves 10.100 customers on
thirty-two milk routes in this district including a hundred and seven cases of
typhoid fever. Some of the cases received milk from both dealers, or some of the
cases received milk from various or unknown supplies and for the purpose of this
study these cases were all supposed to have received milk from both "A" and "B."
There were nineteen cases of this kind.
Among all the drivers employed since January 1st'. 1913, on the ninety-five milk
routes studied, it was ascertained that only three lived in houses where typhoid
fever occurred. Two of these drivers were themselves victims of typhoid fever.
Ti. B., a driver of "A." route No. 25, and Wm. M.. a driver of "B" ivoutc No.
10; P. S., driver of "B" route No. 10 and later route No. 25. lived in the same
bouse with Wm. M., but did not have the fever.
Digitized by
Google
1252 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Driver L. B., thirty-eight years old, lived at 1947 South Twenty-third Street, was
taken sick with typhoid fever on August 1st, 1913, and went to bed on August Sth
He stopped serving milk on "A" route No. 25 on August Ist. There were four
cases among 420 customers served along this route. The dates of onset were April
10th, June 10th, August 13th, and August 20th respectively. It is possible tnat
the last two might have been infected by this driver. In the order of customen
served the first of the four cases was that of August 20th, prior to which time
milk had been delivered each day to 224 customers and 196 subsequently. The
second case in order alone the route was that of August 13th, prior to which 3M
customers had been served and 116 subsequently. The third and fourth cases were
those of April 10th and June 10th respectively. If the two cases in August were
to be attributed to infection due to carelessness on the part of the driver, it is
remarkable that there were not more cases along the route. Negative bacteriological
results were obtained on L. B. on September 23rd and 26th respectively by the
city bacteriologist and consecjuently he was allowed to return to work on October
1st, 1913.
Wm. M., 1810 South Hicks Street, age seventeen, was the driver on "B" route
No. 10 from September 4th, 1913, to October 16th, 1913. He had typhoid fever
prior to his employment on the milk route. He was taken ill on July 7th and
went to bed on July 14th and wns removed to the Methodist Episcopal Hospital.
He had previously been employed as a meter maker. Among 225 customers on
this route only one case of typhoid fever occurred, the onset being February 1st.
P. S., of 1810 South Hicks Street, where Mr. M. also lived, was driver of
"B" route No. 10 from August Ist, 1912. to August 7th, 1913, and was then trans-
ferred to "B" route No. 25. He did not have typhoid fever but at home was
presumably exposed to the Wm. M. case prior to July 14th when M. took to
bed. No cases of typhoid fever occurred on route No. 10 after July 14th or indeed
after February 1st, and amont? the 324 customers on route No. 25 served by P. S.
after August 7th, 1913, only one case of typhoid fever occurred and the onset of it
was October 7th.
It appears from the above that the cases of typhoid fever among the drivers of
the milk routes or at their homes had no general influence on the occurrence of
typhoid fever in the district. Aa to the poj^sibility of prior infection of the milk
the cases are so distributed as to time and locality that no suspicion of either supply
is warranted.
The chance of transfer of infection fi*om one house to another along the ninety-
five milk routes has been carefully studied. Out of the two hundred cases served
by Denier *'A" and nineteen more cases which may have received "A" milk, makinp
a total of 219 cases, only a hundred and ten or fifty per cent, were so located
along the routes and had mich dates of onset as to make them possibly subject to
such infection. Similarly on the "B" routes there were a hundred and seven
cases served, including the nineteen possibly served, and forty-five cases or forty-
two per cent, were possibly siibject to such infection. The number of cases of
this kind and the number of routes on which they occurred Ls shown in the foUowinjc
table:
TABLE SHOWIN(; TYPITOiri FEVER CARES— SOUTH PHILADELPHIA— SUBJECT TO POS-
SIBLE MILX INFECTION BY TRANSFER ALONQ MILK ROUTSlS.
•
Cases subject to possible
Number of
infection by transfer
Total
routes .
along the route.
Cases.
Dealer "A."
1
8
8
4
4
24
2
5
10
7
4
28
3
3
9
9
2
18
13
1
13
24
63
0
0 no
Dealer "/?."
2
6
13
1
5
5
1
4
4
2
3
e
6
2
12
6
1
e
14
32
0
0 4S
Total. .. 95 Totel, .. W
Digitized by VjOOQlC
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1263
As shown by this tabulation there are, on the ninety-five routes comprising those
of both "A" and "B," a hundred and fifty-five caseK to be considered in the study
o£ possible transfer of infection from house to house along the milk routes ; sixteen
of these oases occurred in the same houses with earlier cases and are considered
secondary, leaving a hundred and thirty-nine primary. A further reduction may
reasonably be made of twenty-six of those primary cases which occurred more than
three months after the case or cases along the route from which the infection has been
considered above as possibly transferred; this leaves a hundred and thirteen pri-
mary instances of infection possibly due to transfer along milk routes. Of the
three hundred and twenty-six total cases served by these two dealers, twenty-
two were secondary and three hundred and four were primary cases. The cases
possibly transferred comprise thirty-five per cent, of the total number served. The
figures are given in the following summarized table:
Dealer '^A"
Primary cases served, 206
Secondary, 13
Total 219
Primary cases subjert to possible transfer
prom prior cases along routes, 100
Secondary, 10
Dealer "B"
98
9
Total
304
22
107
328
39
6
139
16
45
155
33
6
133
14
Total 110
Primary cases under three months after
prior case along route, 80
Secondary, 8
Total 88 39 127
The city regulations covering the distribution of milk prohibit the refilling of
bottles in the wai^ons. All milk sold by these two dealers is delivered in bottles
filled before leavmg the milk depots. It is understood and believed that the
roles are closely adhered to and that bottles are rarely, if ever, refilled in the
wagons. Milk containers at typhoid houses are required to be left and not re-
moved until the house and its contents, including the bottles, have been fumigated
and the placard removed from the house. It is po.SHib]e of course that in some in-
stances these regulations may not have been followed. Had the practice been general
many more cases would be expected.
From the detailed consideration which has been given to the question of a rela-
tion between the distribution of milk and the occurrence of typhoid fever, as in-
dicated in the previous pages, the reasonable conclusion is reached that very few,
if any, of the typhoid fever cases are attributable directly or indirectly to the milk
supplies or their distribution.
TRUCK FARMS.
There are in the county of Philadelphia, whose boundary lines are conterminous
with those of. the city of Philadelphia, two principal districts where truck farming
is engaged in with the use of night soil as a fertilizer. The larger distinct is that
known as South Philadelphia or the "neck" in the Twenty-sixth, Thirty-sixth, and
Thirty-ninth Wards, which is also the piggery district. The other and smaller
district is in Richmond in the Forty -fiftn Ward, lying near the Delaware River
in the vicinity of the Pennsylvania Railroad River bridge.
The use of night soil as a fertilizer is sanctioned and regulated by the city Bureau
of Health. The night soilers. who clean out privy vaults in various outlying
sections of the dty. are licensed and registered and are supposed to report to
the authorities every privy vault cleaned. It is required that the nifeht soil be
placed in pits in the ground known as "poudrette pits" which are "located" by th«»
dty authorities and usually dug by the night soilers. It is rwinired th^t lime
be mixed with the night soil in these pits and that the compost remain in the pits
for some time before being used, but the aging period is not si>ecified The pits
must also be kent in such a condition that they are not a nuisance. It appears,
however, that these regulations are not lived up to and that in certain instances
night soil has been simply dumped in heaps on the surface of the ground without
being treated with lime and in other instances the poudrette pits are full to over-
flowing. Such disposal of night soil is carried on surreptitiously.
The City Bureau of Health reports about sixty poudrptte nits within the city
limits, of which number approximfltr»ly fifty are in South Philadplphia, the others
being widely scattered over the north and northwestern s^ctiona of the city. Some
farms have' one pit. others two and thr^e, while still others have none. Several
of the pits are owned by the nightsoilers themselves who sell the composted material
to various stores for rptail trade.
It is customary to fill the poudrette pits with mixed night soil, manure, earth,
snd lime throughout the year and to distribute this compostpd material for fer-
trlizing use, plowing it under in the winter or early sprinu. It js reported, how-
Digitized by
Google
1264 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
ever, that in some instances the night soil is used as a fertilizer without any pre-
liminary aging or composting. The direct application of the solution of either fresh
or composted night soil is said to be practised by some of the truck farmers, pa.r-
ticularly to strengthen blighted celery and lettuce. An Act of (general Assembly,
to become effective September, 1914, prohibits the use of fresh night soil as a fer-
tilizer for vegetables eaten uncooked for human food.
On March 10th, 1913, in response to an application therefor bearing the date
of July 24th, 1912, made on behalf of the city of Philadelphia by the Director of
the Department of Public Health and Charities of that city, the Ck>mmi8sioner of
Health approved plans for the disposal of night soil into the waters of the State.
The facts relative thereto and the conclusions reached are herewith quoted:
"To the Director of the Department
of Public Health and Charities,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
"I, Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania, do hereby issue a permit to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, approving
plans for the disposal of night soil into the waters of the State in response to
an application therefor bearing date of July twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and
twelve, made on behalf of said city by the Director of the Department of Public
Health and Charities of said city of Philadelphia.
"It appears that the present method for the disposal of night soil in South Phila-
delphia is unsanitary for the following reasons:
"1. The poudrette pits form a breeding place for flies and mosquitoes which can
carry intestinal disease germs to food stuffs.
"2. The use of the contents of the poudrette pits as fertilizer on truck farms is
a menace to the public health .
"3. The poudrette pits cause a nuisance by bad odors.
"The city is proceeding to abandon privy vaults and it is estimated that before
nineteen hundred and twenty, all buildiners will be connected with the sewer and
the necessity for night soil collections will have been obviated. Bearing in mind
this fact, it has been determined in comparing different methods as follows:
"i. Incineration and drying while more perfect methods for a temporary project,
are too costiy. ^
"2. A municipal poudrette pit would be a satisfactory solution of the problem
if properly managed, but would be more costly to construct and operate than the
screening and dilution project.
"3. Screening and disposal of the liquified night soil in the waters of the Dela-
ware River is the cheapest and most easily controlled method.
"Considering the temporary nature of any method adopted, the low cost of con-
struction and operation of the station for screening and liquifying the night soil,
the city purposes, if the plan be approved:—
"1. That the Snyder Avenue sewer be extended to the line of Delaware Avenue
to eliminate the present nuisance of discharging sewage upon the mud 6atB at that
point.
"2. That in the bed of Snyder Avenue at or near the present sewer outlet a
screening and liquifying station be built with a storage tank for the discharge of
the liquified night soil into that sewer during the ebbing of the Delaware River.
"3. That the Bureau of Health shall maintain and operate such station and
require all night soil now being unsanitarily disposed of in South Philadelphia, to
be brought to that point for final disposal.
"Along the Delaware River in South Philadelphia and up-stream to the mouth
of Frankford Creek at North Philadelphia, there are in the neighborhood of forty
docks. Some of these extend from the pier head line back to the bulkhead line.
Others are -smaller but still form basins of considerable size. Into each docks, at
the present time, there are sewers discharging at the bulkhead line. In conse-
quence, the suspended matters in the sewage settle in these quiescent basins and
accumulate. In the ferry slips where the waters and deposits are continually stirred
UD by the motion of the propellers, as evidenced in the way of odors to the senses
of those who travel upon the ferries, the accumulations of the sediment is kept
suspended intermittently until it is flushed out beyond the pier head into the
river, where it is carried away by the velocity of the tides to form deposits else-
where, probably in the channel ; but in many of the docks it takes but a casual
investigation to show the great extent of the accumulation of sewage sludge. Some
of these deposits are a nuisance now and they will become more of a nuisance
as the docks become important and are used more •extensively, until in Philadelphia,
as in other places, one of two thinars must be done— either the sewers must be ex-
tended out to the pier heads where the deposits will be into the moving waters of the
tides, or an intercepting sewer must be constructed to take the dry weather flow
of the se'^p'ers away from the basins and convey it to some suitable point whpre the
discharge can be successfully accomplished without creating a nuisance or a damage
to the navigation interpsts on tho river. Un to the present time, the docks have
proven successful catch basins. To extend the sewera to the end of the pier heads
would make the channel the place of collection of the sediment instead of the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1255
basins, ecnd it would be strange indeed if this were not opposed by the harbor
authorities. A rough calculation has been made that the total cost o£ extending
these forty odd sewers to the pi^r head would be at least three million dollars.
It has also been roughly calculated that the cost of an intercepting sewer would
be less than three mimon dollars. In the interests of public health from a nuisance
standpoint, and in the interests of harbor maintenance, it would be eminently proper
for the city to give serious consideration to an early planning for and construction
of the intercepting sewer and proper disposal of the sewage from the district.
"In view of all the circumstances it has been unanimously agreed by the Gov-
ernor, Attorney General, and the Commissioner of Health that Uie interests of the
Sublic health will be subserved by approving the proposed night soil station, and I
o hereby and herein approve the same, subject to the following conditions aiid
stipulations:
"First: That the city shall provide suitable apparatus for the application of
hypochlorites of lime to the sewage and night soil at the station and when the
plant is built, plans and a description of the plant as built shall be filed in the
office of the State Department of Health.
"Second: The dty shall within a reasonable time make studies and prepare plans
and a report on doing away with the nuisance at the docks on the Ddaware Kiver
caused by the discharge of sewage sediment into said docks and among other methods
an intercepting sewer and sewage treatment plant shall be consider^ and a report
with plans shall be submitted to the State Department of Health for approval
on or Defore December first, nineteen hundred and fourteen.
"Third: Daily records of the operations at the station shall be kept on blank
forms satisfactory to the State Department of Health and copies thereof shall be
filed monthly in said Department's office.
"Fourth: If at any time a nuisance or menace to the public health is found to
exist at the station herein approved, then such remedial measures shall be enforced
as the State Department of Health may advise or approve."
At the end of the year 1913, the night soil disposal plant had not been built. The
general conclusion to be drawn, respecting the practice of using night soil as a
fertilizer, is that it is dangerous under the conditions existing as the regulations
governing the practice seem to be insufficient or are not rigidly enforced.
The produce from the truck farms consists of green vegetables such as lettuce,
celery, spinach, carrots, parsnips, and some pot herbs used principally by butchers
and restaurants for garnishing. No fruits are grown. The farmers haul their
produce to various markets throughout the city, selling to commission merchants
or at the curb or in the markets. From the South Philadelphia farms most of
the produce is sold to the comrpission merchants at the Dock Street Market. A
smaller amount goes to the markets at Vine Street, Spruce Street, Callowhill Street
and elsewhere. A number of the South Philadelphia truck farmers frequent a curb
market on or near South Street, where the produce is sold almost entirely at whole-
sale to grocers, hucksters, street venders, hotels, and retail marketers, from whom
the truck is procured by the householder. The commission merchants dispose of
their produce to similar purchasers.
Sixteen of the principal retail markets in the city were visited by the State
Health Department Inspectors. These are scattered throughout the city and
are practically all of the same character, selling dairy products, garden truck,
fruits, groceries, etc. The garden truck and fruits are handled in the markets both
by farmers and dealers, the former coming from Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware,
Chester, and Philadelphia counties and from New Jersey. Some of the truck farmers
from South Philadelphia and Richmond, who use night soil as a fertilizer, sell in
the various markets. Because of the practice in the produce business to buy and
sell according to the quality and price of goods the channels of distribution are
continually changing and it is well-nigh impossible to trace the destination of the
garden truck which has been fertilised with night soil. It is a known fact, however,
that at the South Street Curb Market, a considerable quantity of the South
Philadelphia truck farm produce is distributed among residents of the southern part
of the city. Consequentiy, vegetables that may have been fertilized with uncom-
posted night soil may have been a factor causing in the typhoid fever outbreak
in this section of the city.
In the following table are shown the data obtained relative to truck farmers
in the South Philadelphia District and the Richmond District and also facts rela-
tive to sixteen of the retail markets.
So. Phila. Richmond.
Number of truck farmers visited 45 19
Number of truck farmers using night soil .% 15
Number of truck farmers not using night soil 13 4
Number of night soilers known 7 6
Number of poudrette pits, 30 22
Approximate number of commission merchants sold to, 30 . 12
Digitized by
Google
1256 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OB* THEJ OtE, Doc.
Number of truck £armers selling wholesale at curb
markets, 21 4
Number of truck farmers selling wholesale at other
markets, 0 3
Number of truck farmers selling at retail markets, 5 2
Number of truck farmers said to apply night soil di-
rectly to growing plants,. 0 3
MARKETS.*
Number of markets visited, 16
Approximate number of truck farmers selling in markets, S25
Approximate number of truck dealers (not farmers), 70
Number of farmers using night soil who sell in market 11
^Markets are almost entirely of the basket trade type.
PiaGERIBS AND POUDRBTTB PITS.
The general facts relating to poudrette pits have already been given under the
discussion of truck farms. For a considerable time an attempt has been made in
the city to drive the piggeries and poudrette pits away from the neighborhood of
public schools and dwellings. The Bureau of Health during the present administra-
tion has been especially active along this line. Most of the piggeries for whose
removal the city officials have been working lie in the southern part of the city
below Oregon Avenue, the largest group being in the extreme southeastern section
of the Thirty-ninth Ward near the league Islond NavJJ Yard. Because of the
alleged nuisance created by the presence of the piggeries in this locality, the
officials of the navy yard have made strong representations to the city authori-
ties.
The Bureau of Health in September. 1913, prepared a map of South Philadel-
phia, including parts of the Twenty -sixth. Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-ninth Ward
showing the location of piggeries and poudrette pits. According to this map there
are three distinct groups; a large one in the southeastern section of the Thirty-
ninth Ward, south of Oregon Avenue and east of Eleventh Street, where there
are five poudrette pits and eighty-eight piggeries ; another in the southwestern comer
of the Thirty-sixth Ward with thirteen piggeries and thirteen poudrette pits, just
east of which, in the Twenty-sixth Ward, are five poudrette pits but no piggeries:
the remaining group is along the Schuylkill River in the vicinity of Maiden Lrfine.
this section being north of Oregon Avenue, and contains twenty -one piggeries and
no poudrette pits. This makes a total of a himdred and twenty-two piggeries and
twenty-three poudrette pits in South Philadelphia .
It is reported that there are forty thousand pigs in the city of Philadelphia,
half of which are below Market Street between the rivers. Respecting this district
in South Philadelphia, may be added a quotation from an address made April 20th,
1912, at the TiOng- table Luncheon of the City Club by Bernard J. Newman, Execu-
tive Secretary of the Philadelphia Housing Commission:
"This whole nrea is one of marshes and swamps and deep ditches. The water
ia foul and brackish. Occasionally the owner will stack the pig filth. One such
pile standing out in the open was valued the other day at ll.'^O. There are other
owners more slovenly who do not save this filth, but clean out the pens into the
ditches and swamps. This noon I was told that five hundred loads of this filth
had been emptied in one bad spot in the swamp. Recently, this spot was pointe«1
out to me as the site for two new homes. When we turned over the surface soil
we found pig manure beneath. The whole area is unfit for habitation. It is below
the ultimate city level and imperfectly drained * *,*•*'
Along the same line upon the same occasion. Director Joseph S. Neflf, M. D.,
of the Department of Health and Charities, in an address, said:
"It is not only the matter of keeping the pigs themselves that is objectionable
to so many people, but it is because of the manure which collects, and the breeding
of flies which I think are well understood by the general public today to be the
least feared and the most destructive of our insect pests as far as the carrying of
disease is concerned. You have your soil pollution and well pollution in those
portions of the city where the city water pipes have not been extended. It is a
very broad question * * *."
A great deal has been published relative to the insanitary condition in this sec-
tion of the city, but the few facts already set forth serve to show clearly enough
that the complaints heard are real and conditions such as exist there cannot fail
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKR OF HEALTH. 1237
of having an influence upon the general health of the community. Whether any
direct connection can be traced between the piggeries and poiidrette pits and the
Typhoid fever prevalent in the district, remains to be determined. Suffice it to
say that the vitiating influence of such surroundings has been recognized by sani-
tarians and it is quite likely only a question of a comparatively short time until
these menaces and nuisances shall have been removed from the district.
HOUSING CONDITIONS AND DRAINAGE.
In the detailed study of the various wards comment has been made from time to
time relative to bad housing conditions and poor drainage facilities in various
parts of this water district. Realizing that Philadelphia was not free from areas
of deterioration where properties are depreciating in value and conditions arising
detrimental to the public health, the Philadelphia Housing Commission was called
into activity by a conference of forty philanthropic and religious associations.
It is not a part of the municipal government and its aim is to improve the hous-
ing conditions in Philadelphia. The Commission was organized September, 1900,
and has since then published a large amount of data relative to these matters.
According to a map showing bud housing areas it is noted that this large water
district — Central and South Philadelphia— is as bad as any other section of the
dty, if not worse. It is a well-known fact in the region east of Broad Street
and south of Market there are marked areas of deterioration. Here are found
congested districts, inferior houses, which in many cases are sadly overcrowded,
inadequate water supply and lack of sewers. Respecting the latter, it was reported
in 1912, that for an area in the Thirty-ninth Ward, between McKean and Wolf,
South Ninth and South Twelfth Streets, comprising .six city blocks, there were
1,176 houses, 582 of which were not underd rained . In the Thirty-sixth Ward, 695
out of 1,068 houses were not sewer-connected and 212 were partly underdrained ,
leaving only 261 in this area wholly underdrained. In these two areas about 12,000
persons resided and in these vicinities considerable typhoid fever occurred. The
principal reason for such conditions as these is the lack of sewers. From the
second annual report of the Philadelphia Housing (Commission for the year ending
December Slst, 1912, the following quotation is taken:—
**• • * Approximately twenty-five miles of built-up streets between Vine and
Oregon Avenue and the two rivers, that is, in eight per cent, of the area of the
city where twenty-two per cent, of the city population reside, were without
sewers. * * **'
Since then, some additional sewers have been installed in this district but the
entire area is by no means adequately sewered.
Dangerous consequences are attendant upon the insanitary conditions arising in
localities where aaequate underdrainage facilities are not provided. The rain
water runs in the street and in many cases there are drains from the houses through
which water used in cooking, scrubbing;, bathing, and washing dishes is also turned
into the highways. Often water collects in cellars because of lack of drainage. More-
over, where sewers are not provided there is found the privy vault. No one
knows how many of these vaults there are in the city Under the most sanitary
conditions privy vaults are not desirable and it is readily conceivable that in many
instances these conditions do not exist in this southern district. In these con-
gested sections there are many so-called courts, which are small streets with but
one opening leading off from a main street and here often the houses are over-
crowded, the light and ventilation poor, and the sanitary conditions leave much
to be desired.
Surroundings such as the.se are an aid to the spread of contagious diseases.
When people cook, eat, and sleep in cellar and attic rooms of tonoments or rear
houses, and breathe in the air polluted by defective drainage and yard privies or
vitiated by their own over-crowding, their vitality is bound to bo lowered. No one
can question the bad physical and moral effect upon the whole family of bad air.
bad arainage, and over-crowded rooms. An attempt was made by the State Health
officials to show a neighborhood infection, succpssful in some instances and in
others rather doubtful, possibly for laok of sufficient data. Thore la a strong
probahility, however, that if the facts were really known, a number of the cases
now designated as unknowns could be charged up to a neighborhood infoction.
In a following table the typhoid fever cases by wards for the Central and South
Philadelphia water district for the last thirteen years are given.
By a study of this table it will be soon that typhoid fever increased during? the
first three years of the period, fell off for the next two years and again increased
in 1906, the year followinar, after which there was a further reduction, not so
marked, in 1907, a little more so in 1008 and a decided reduction in \9(K), when
only 670 cases occurred. The greatest number in any year of the pei-iocl was in
1906, when 2,570 cases occurred. From 1009 to the end of the period there was a
Digitized by
Google
1258 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc
reduction in the number of cases, except for the year 1913, when 675 cases occurred.
This reduction can be attributed to the filtering of the water. The totals for the
various years show considerably more variation in the South Philadelphia than in
the Central portion of the district.
The increase for the first ten months of the year 1913, may be accounted for
possibly by the fact that it was a typhoid season and possibly some imperfectly
filtered water may have passed into the distributing system. There is a possibility
that dual pipe connections may have been an influencing factor in the spread of the
disease. Causes of infection have been determined in a considerable number of the
oases. There were imports from out of the city and contacts and secondary cases
in the same household ; there were neighborhood infections, typhoid due to the
use of river water in various ways and there were also a large number of cases
whose origin has not been accounted for.
The analyses of water collected from the mains show that there was contami-
nated water, some of which has evidently been due to the stirring up of the
muddy deposits in the pipes. The tests made by the State Health Department
showed the presence of sewage organisms in this mud. Some of the B. Goli
found may have entered the piping system through the dual pipe connections.
Following the table showing the typhoid fever cases by wards for the thirteen
years, is a table setting forth in detail the causes of infection as determined by a
study of the cases. This is a summary of the determined causes compiled from the
records of each ward as before discussed.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
<>
1
^
c
Q
<
ii
o
^
M
55
O
CX>BCMISSIONER OF HBALTH.
II a'^*»*s-»s«»|fi|©
1261
H
^
■Wj •«»«>«-s'^as
52
5
h
e» n laOfdMAO'^'M
»
s
s
an ♦«»««t--'.*a
!S
e
•«0>aei-4M
5RiS*f5*'«'8
A
S
fit
.HOOOr^O
1
wsoc^«t-©^o»
$
9
s
oo
«-giog«.^;j
s
Si!
H
«Mfr.*HOO
s
?555—««a«
a
9
lAMNMg^t-
S'^'-a
•| a**«
a-^aa
H
°i
jsa-^^w^^B
s
3
»i
•|
t-t«erX«^OMT^
!$
s
S
1
oo«*^«e,«.g
6
SS
Momeeo
Moeeee
•-^MMeeeoMN
OOffiooe
"I
t I
io»t-oo«*C
^"^"^^titi
Digitized by
Google
1260
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
TABLE SHOWING DETERMINED CAUSES OP INFECTION— CENTRAL AND SOUTH PmiA-
DELPHIA WATER DISTRICT— 1»13.
Deteimined Causes.
Central.
Imported casefi 19
Secondary cases, S
Contacts 14
Contact with river water, (8)
River bathers 1
Drinking river water, 4
Wharf laborers, 1
Traveled on steamers 2
Worked on Greenwich piers 0
Worked on river 0
Otherwise, 1
Bathed in ponds, 0
Stetson factory employees 0
Neighborhood infection, 0
Not typhoid 0
Doubtful diagnosis 2
Possible oyster infection 1
Total determined causes 48
Unknown.
Could not be reinvestigated (0)
Finally undetermined (M)
Total 68
Total cases, lOT
(W)
South
PlilUu
GO
6ft
U
Total
18
6
4
S
1
1
1
8
8
2
1
0
"iH
(«)
m
u
IT
18
i&]
ma
"15
(a)
SUM&IART SHOWING SEX AND AGE OF TYPHOID FEVEK CASES-CENTRAL AND SOUTH
PHII>ADKLPHIA WATER DISTRICT— 1918.
Age Period.
6-9
10-14
15-19
20-34
25-29
80-84
86-89
40-44
46-49
5<H-
Total.
1
M.
F.
Total.
Classification.
1
21
18
60
57
43
81
M
9
7
8
8
2
117
Infanta
8?
67
Children
IIT
; 71
128
IM
104
69
89
H
8
9
Minors
ass
1 82
70
Of nge
173
45
80
1 21
Middle age
87
9
5
7
Old age
9
1 «s
287
675
«73
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
CX>BCMISSIONER OF HBALTH.
1261
m
I
c
Q
Z
^
OQS
<
Q
M
M
o
I
P4
I
a I ?«'^*»»s*s-»|a
MOMi-4«o «o h Mo^*Ht-e«e
S 9S
H^* eg
e is
H
^^.•CIU.
•«| —>«>'-s^as
55
S
h
"1 —
n
s
S
ajj ^«»«»«„.^^a
S
e
«40>aeiHC4
-S^ooj5«ooJ5
ooi^O (4 I u»OMo»t«9^e»
$ 9
IHOIAOOM «> M^(BiO«^-4i^
t| 55S5«"I
««a«
? Si!
a 9
lAMMMQHt-
S'^'-a
8 U
»4i-4|A*-4eO
g»*0;j^g«g
s ;:;
jsa''««*'*B
t>toe*-<«DOM
«*••«
$ s
00«<«>^AMiAe
MOMOeO
8 K
Noeeeo
'-•MeqeeeoNM
0003000
d CI
1^
iowt-oo»^
.-rf^^VgJgojj
Digitized by
Google
1262
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
;3
o
m
t
<^
OS
Eh
QTQ
o
o
w
<
a^as'^a
S| «Ma5«s|s
ss^'a*
ail aasss^89
a^«*"a
j^ \ S9aais93!s
Ov4'-tO<-«M'-iO <P
eooeo o h ooooOi-4i-io
eoiHee<-4
eoeot-«oe*-i
S
H
rqeooe^ooe
OOMOOM « R t4MOO«4t4i-I«
OiHoooeoi^
eenOOWIMir i-lr4 00r4iHv4r4
H
MMtHMMOMtO
a
a
^
^
«
t-
>i
M
n«*OM««e<«i«
a
«
nOMiHOrH
•^■••v4M«a»lA «
OMOOONiHM
ri
«Mi«i-iMi-ie-«* t a I a
a
lA«^-*oe«^^
-••'•'''•rfftjja
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1263
SCHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT.
The General Schuylkill Riyer Water District, as it is termed, is subdivided inta
four parts, ikamed according to the filter plant from which the public water supply
is obtained. These are known as the Belmont, Queen I>ane, Lower Roxborough,
and Upper Roxborough District respectively. Each district will be taken up sep-
arately and finally a summary for the entire district will be given. It is pertinent,
however, to outline the entire district first because all of the water supplied in the
district is obtained from the Schuylkill River, with possibly the exception of a
smaU amount of water from the Torresdale filter plant that may reach a little sec-
tion of the district by way of the Corinthian reservoir. Roughly speaking, this
general water district may be defined as all of the city territory lying west of a
line extending from the northern city line south on Broad Street to Sedgley Ave-
nue and Cambria Street, thence along Sedgley Avenue in a southwesterly direction
to North Twenty-seventh Street and south on North Twenty-seventh Street to the
Schuylkill River, which stream from here to its mouth forms the dividing line
between the Torresdale and the Schuylkill River Water Districts. The territory
thus outlined includes practically all of West Philadelphia, Falls of Schuylkill,
Wissahickon, Manayunk, Roxborough, German town. Chestnut Hill, and a por-
tion of the city territory lying east of the Schuylkill River in the vicinity of Fair-
mount Park. Five of the six wards in the Belmont District are wholly included.
The exception here is the Thirty-fourth Ward in which a very small part of the
ward, known as Overbrook, is supplied with water by the Overbrook Steam Heat
Company, obtaining the supply from the Springfield Water Company, filtered Crum
Creek or Pickering Creek water. For all practical purposes, in this present study,
this entire ward may be considered as being in the Belmont District as the Over-
brook section in Philadelphia contains a very small proportion of the l^irty-fourth
Ward population, probably 2,500 out of 60,000. Furthermore, in 1913 only two
of the Thirty-fourth Ward cases resided in Overbrook and each case was found
to be imported.
In all the rest of the territory the water district lines divide up the wards to
such an extent that each ward has two or more district water supplies. In some
instances the ward is supplied entirely with the Schuylkill River water and in
others, part of the ward is supplied with Schuylkill River water, with Ddaware
River water and in one instance, namely, the Forty -second Ward, in addition to
these two supplies, a small portion of the ward receives its supply from the Spring-
field Water Company. From the foregoing it is evident that the water supply
existing in this section of the city is more or less complicated. In the sub- joined
table these facts are shown in a summarized form ; this also shows the populations
actual or estimated in each ward served with water from the Schuylkill River, as
wcJl as the number of typhoid fever cases occurring in the period studied, namely,
from January to October inclusive, 1913. The population figures are based on the
1910 Federal Census.
POPULATION AND TYPHOID FBVEB CASES— JANUARY TO OOTOBBB, tm INOLUSIVB—
IN WARDS WHOLLY OR IN PART SERVED WITH SCHUYLKILL RIYER PILTBRBD
WATBR.
WARD. POPULATION. TYPHOID FBTBDEt
CASBS.
BBLMONT DISTRICT.
Mth. entire M.OOO tt
a7th, entire 24,000 10
Nth, entire,* 60.000 88
40th, entire 42,000 60
4itb, entire ».000 IT
mOii entire 88,000 847,000 d t7«
QUEEN LANE DISTRICT.
15tli, part. 1.000 0
2»th, part, 15,000 »
»Dd. pMt 10.000 la
asth. part 2»!S ii
awh. part ».500 10
S7tb. part 7,000 0
4M; part. 12.000 104.000 1 64
LOWER ROXBOROUGH DISTRICT.
art. part., 15.JSS J
Mth. part 14,000 0
Si PMt. I*.*" 10
S5 part, ^JSS c^ 1 -.
«rt' pSrt, T.OOO 81,400 S tt
80
Digitized by
Google
1264 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
UPPBE ROXBOROUGH DISTRICT.
aist, part M.OOD »
ZOul, iMft, 6S.00O 12
42nd. part, 1.900 78.900 1 »
Total 481.30O 290
*OTcrbrook gets water from Springfied Water Company.
The entire city of Philadelphia in 1910 had a population of slightly over 1,500,000
80 that from the above table it appears that about thirty per cent, of the entire
population of the city resided in the district served with water from the Schuylkill
River. From January to October inclusive, 1,529 cases of typhoid fever occurred
in the entire city of which number 290 belong in the Schuylkill liiver water district,
which is close to nineteen per cent, of the entire number of cases occurring in the
city. Reduced to a basis of cases in a hundred thousand, tl^e Schuylkill River dis-
trict had sixty and the balance of the city had one hundred and twenty -two, twice as
many. It will be shown later that a considerable number of the cases occurring
in the Schuylkill River District are presumed to have contracted the disease in
the down town section of the city or at least outside of the district in which they
resided.
At present sixty-five per cent, of the total public water supply is taken from the
Delaware River -and filtered at the Torresdale filter plant. The remaining thirty-
five per cent, is from the Schuylkill River and is filtered in the four filtration
plants located along this stream. The nominal daily capacity of each station is
as follows, although these amounts are not actually produced:
8CHUTLKILL RIVER:
Lower Roxborough, 12,000,000 gallons
Upper Roxborough, 20,000,000 gallons
Belmont 40,000,000 gallons
Queen Lane, 70,000,000 gallons
DELAWARE RIVER:
Torresdale, 240,000,000 gallons
Total, 382,000000 gallons
BELMONT WATER DISTRICT.
The Belmont Water District comprises what is known as West Philadelphia and
is that section of the city lying entirely west of the Schuylkill River. It contains
practically all of six entire wards and a population of approximately 247,000 persons.
A portion of Fairmount Park is located in the northern part of this district. Three
of the wards, namely, the Twenty -fourth, the Forty-fourth, and Thirty-fourth are
located to the north of Market Street, which extends in an east and west directioa
through the district. The other three wards, the Twenty-seventh, Forty ^ixth,
and Fortieth are south of Market Street. Except along the river, where some
manufactories are found, the district is characteristically residential, with the
denser population flanking Market Street. The southern half of the western edge
of the district is defined by Darby and Cobbs Creeks, which also mark the dty
line. The western edge of the district merges into the territory of Montgomerr
and Delaware Counties immediately adjacent. The southern part of the district
in the Fortieth Ward is sparsely settled, many truck farms being found in this
vicinity. In the Belmont District is found the extensive plant of the University
of Pennsylvania.
The filtration plant, from which this district, with the ext^eptlon of Overbrook.
is served with a public water supply, was the third of the city filter plants to
be constructed, being built and put in operation in 1904. It is in the northern
part of the district, at Ford Road and Belmont Avenue, and filters the water (or
the entire section of the city west of the Schuylkill River. This station receivw
its supply from the Belmont pumping station located in West Fairmount Park,
on the Schuylkill River near the Columbia Avenue Bridge. The following descrip-
tion of this plant is quoted from a bulletin issued by the City Department of
Public Works in 1909.
'*The Belmont station consists of two subsiding basins having a capacity of 36.-
000,000 gallons each, or representing approximately about one day*8 sedimentatioD
of the water ; nine preliminary tanks and eighteen plain sand filters ; a dear water
basin ; eight hopper sand washers, electric lighting equipment, laboratories, etc.
"The sedimentation reservoir consists of two divisions or basins each twenty-five
feet deep measured at the flow line, elevation 279 C. D. The reservoir is constructed
on the hiUside, and is partly in excavation and partly in fill. The embankmoiti
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1263
are eighteen feet wide at the top with a two to one slope on both sides. The
lining consists of a laj'er of clay puddle eighteen inches in thickness consisting of a
prepared clay and travel. On top of the puddle on the floor a five inch layer of
concrete was placed , and on the slopes the concrete has an average thickness of
seven inches. Over the concrete floor and extending half way up the slopes was
placed an asphalt lining three^uarters inch thick, which was placed in two layers,
each unifonniy three-eighth inch thick, consisting of a mixture of asphalt, asphaltic
mastic and grit.
"The valves for controlling the admission and discharge of the water are located
in the gate chamber, constructed at the end of the division embankment on the
outer aide. These vsdves are arranged that either basin can be used independently
of the other or both may be by-passed. In order to obtain a high degree of sedi-
mentation for this reservoir, the piping is so arranged that the water is forced
through a main laid on the floor in each basin with outlets near their extreme ends.
The water then passes diagonally across one of the basins to a floating discharge
pipe near the end of the division embankment, and is likewise delivered at the
extreme end of the opposite basin, and before the water is delivered to the filters
it must pass the entire length of the busin, where it is drawn from the top through
another floating pipe connected to the screen chamber thus completing the full
transit to both compartments of the reservoir.
"As at Lower Roxborough, the water, after leaving the sedimentation basin, is
passed through preliminary filters which were constructed under a guarantee con-
tract with Mr. P. A. Maignen after his own plans. There are nine separate
filter tanks divided into three compartments each. The first compartment, is un-
covered, contains ordinary coke, and the water is admitted at the bottom at the end
of the tank and passes horizontally to the next compartment, which is filled with
a sponge layer of about six feet deep. The water is introduced at the bottom of
this compartment and passes upward through the sponge and flows on to the third
compartment, which contains a layer of coke breeze ranging from one-eighth to one
fourth inch in diameter. The water is filtered downward through the coke breeze
at the rate of forty million gallons per acre per day.
"Experience with this system showed that the first and second compartments are
not economical in operation for reducing turbidity and the coke breeze is now '
depended upon to do the work. The original arrangement to clean the coke breeze
was cumbersome and several different methods were tried, but as none gave sat-
isfaction, the dty finally installed a Blaisdell washing machine. This machine
consists of an inverted box about four feet square and two feet deep, which is
sunk under the water in the filter to the filtering surface and is held in position
and operated from a movable platform supported on the filter walls. The box con-
tained a revolving hollow axle and head from which perforated teeth project into the
filter any desired distance. The box can be raised or lowered and the platform
moved longitudinally or laterally, all electrically operated by one man. The box
is moved over the surface of the filter while at the same time the teeth are made
to revolve slowly. Water under a pressure of twenty pounds per square inch is
introduced through the axle, head and teeth, passing in fine streams into the coke
through the holes in the teeth.
"A centrifugal pump connected with the top of the box draws away a little more
water than is supplied through the teeth and discharges it to the sewer. The ma-
chine is constructed so that it can be transferred easily from one filter tank to
another.
"The general arrangement of the final filters is irregular owing to the shape of
the property on which they are located and are grouped in three batteries of six each.
The topography of the site was such that the filters were constructed in a series
of steps conforming as closely as possible to the original surface, tlie greatest
vertical distance between any tw^o filters being three feet. The filters are rec-
tangular in shape, eight measuring 120 feet 2 inches by 272 feet 8 inches on tJie
neat lines, seven measuring 1«35 feet 5 inches by 242 feet 2 inches, and the other three
165 feet 11 inches by 196 feet 5 inches.
"Each filter is approximately 0.735 acre in filtering area arid with prefiltered
water is capable of being operated at a maximum rate of six million gallons per
acre daily, giving a capacity of 67,000,000 gallons daily for the final filters. A
year's trial on two of the filters has amply demonstrated the practicability of the
six million rate at this station. However, the capacity of the preliminary filters is
about 40,000,000 gallons daily and is the limiting feature of this station's output. By
remodeling the coarse coke and sponge compartments, it will be possible to bring
the capacity of the' prefilters up to that of the final filters with comparatively smafi
cost.
•The general construction of the filters is similar to those of Lower and Upper
Roxborough, the floor, piers, walls, vaulting and puddle lining being essentially th^
same.
80—14-1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1286 EIOHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
"In such portions of the floors as were built on fill, expanded metal was em-
bedded in the concrete. As far as possible the regulating chambers of two adjacent
filters were constructed in one house at the end of the dividing walls between the
filters, but where the location and elevation were such that this could not be ac-
complished, single chambers were provided. Each filter has its own valve chamber
in which is located the floating weir for controlling the rate of filtration .
"The filtered water basin is rectangular in plan, measuring 382 feet 2 inches by
306 feet on the neat lines and has an available depth of fifteen feet for storing water,
with a capacity of 16,500,000 gallons. In general construction it is similar to the
filters and to those constructed at Roxborough. The filtered water is admitted
through an inlet chamber at one corner, and is drawn off in another from the bottom
direct to the distribution mains.
**The Belmont pumping station is located on the SchuylkiU River in West Fair-
mount Park near the Cktlumbia Avenue railroad bridge, and is about five miles below
the Roxborough pumping station. It consists of two Bethlehem Steel Company's
horizontal compound pumps of ten million gallons daily capacity, one Worthingtoo
compound pump of seventeen million gallons capacity, and three Holly compound
pumps of ten million gallons daily capacity.
"The boiler equipment consists of twenty nsix 125 H. P. internally fired tubular
boilers."
In March 1912 apparatus was installed at this plant to introduce a chemical dis-
infectant into the water. This comprises concrete mixing and feeding tanks as is
usual in such installations. The flow from the feed tank is through a hand regulated
stop cock. An operator at the plant visits the tank each hour and regulates and
records the rate of flow. The effluent from the entire plant is treated as it enterF
the filtered water storage basin.
As a matter of historical interest the following table is given showing the typhoid
fever cases occurring in this district from 1901 to 1913 inclusive, the cases for 1913
from January to October inclusive.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1287
M
p
3
i
H
(4
IS
o
QQ
O
s
I
a^ssuss
ss«53;sa
SS^^idSS
S£dt;:8S2Sf)
Sga^sKSsg) g
Ss:$«SSE3
IgStsSS
§S§I
23SS
§§SS
§g§§
sSsrI
sagi
sSS;iS?9«
Digitized by
Google
11M6 EIGHTH ANNUAL RRPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
From a plan furnished by the city authorities it appears that filtered water was
first introduced into West Philadelphia on June 3, 1904, at which time a small area
in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty -seventh wards respectively, on both the north and
south sides of Market Street received the filtered water supply. On January 1st,
1905, the filtered water district was extended so as to include the remaining territory
north and south of Market Street in these two wards as far north as Fairmount
Park. On September 1st, 1906, the service was further extended so as to supply
all of the Belmont District with filtered water. With these facts in mind the table
just given can be intelligently studied. It is therein shown that up to and includ-
ing the year 1904, the number of typhoid fever cases was verv large. The year 1906
marked a decrease in this number which has since persisted except for 1906. For
the first ten months of 1913, however, more cases occurred in the district than in
the entire preceding year. A later table however, will indicate that about one-
fourth of the total number of the cases of 1913 came in contact with other water
supplies, chiefly that furnished from the Torresdale ^lant. In fact out of the one
hundred and seventy-six cases in the entire water district only forty-seven are of
unknown origin.
Pi^ior to 19(», the present division of wards in the Belmont District did not obtain,
but beginning with 1908 a comparative study of the wards as now outlined can be
made. In the table given below the typhoid fever cases in the Belmont Water Dis-
trict by months for the six year period from 1908 to 1913 inclusive are shown, fol-
lowed by a table showing the occurrence of these cases during the open season, April
to October inclusive, for the six year period, which indicates that the majority of
these cases for each year, occurred during the season when the people are moTini;
around to a greater or less extent, in many instances leaving the dty:
TYrHOID FEVEtt CASE.S IN THE BEI^ONT WATER DISTRICT FOR SIX YEARS.— POPULA
TION 247,000.
Montb. 1906. > 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912.
Janoary ; 25 16 , 12 18 ■ 15 I
- " ' " 13 11 10
February 28 11 , 11
March i Z7 15 U
April S4 12 4
May 20 15 15
June 15 7 6
July 12 28 16
Augiwt 47 20 21
IS 16 9
9 , 10 5
7 14 9
6 17 IS
9 7 27
26 ! 23 35
28 14
September 48 31 49
October 27 31 26 » w
November 17 10 IS 11 8
December, 19 < 29 16 15 ' 4
Total 809 224 199
178 154
Typhoid Fever Oases in the Belmont Water District in the Open Season — April to
October Inclusive — for Six Years.
' ■ I
Tear. 1906. i 1909. , 1910. 19U. 1913.
Cases 193 144 138 I 113 I 110 ' 1S4
III
This brings the study of typhoid fever in the district down to the present period.
By invostigation it wns discovered that in 1013, fmm January to October inclusive,
a hundred and seventy-six oases of typhoid fever occurred in the Belmont water
district. The onset of thoso ca.sos for each ward in the district by months is shown
in the following table, which also gives the case rate for the hundred thousand popu-
lation :
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMlSSION'ER OP HEALTH.
HM
SUMMARY OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE BELMONT WATER DISTRICT.
BY MONTHS— JANUARY TO OCTOBER (INCLUSIVE)— 1918.
ONSBTS
Month.
January,
February, .
March, ...
April
fiy
June,
July
Aognst, . . .
September.
October, . .
M.
0
1
S
2
1
1
6
2
10
6
Total
Cases per 100,000 popula-
tion.
U
Wards.
27.
0
1
1
3
2
3
5
0
6
10
10
72*
44.
1
S
1
0
2
6
11
14
7
S
119
Total.
I S
I ^
I 9
I IS
I 27
6
n
1 27
176
71
'Includes two cases in Overbrook (Springfield Water Co. Supply.)
A farther detailed study of the 1913 cases was made as relates to sex and age
periods. Slightly over one-half of all the cases fall into the age period from ten to
twenty-nine indusive. In actual figures there were ninety-nine of such cases. These
facts are shown in the next table:
Digitized by
Google
1270
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
Q
O
1
g
QQ
tf
S
%
^
o
n
O
g
o
OQ
'as 9
a«Sa 2
I
H
*as5»«ass»»**-
5
fi«
«art99*— •'••'*
?
a
— «a9as»'"«'^
§
H
S3
h
a
S
a
H
55
9
Or-iriOMi-lO'^Or^M
S
OtiOCOOiHMOOOO
t-
9
H 1 — Is
-• 1 r
» 1 --• 1«
k
H 1 » **|«
- 1 — p
s 1 «—•««-— --js
s;
^ 1 -»|S
^ 1 r
»• 1 r
2S
H 1 ^''■'-- — r
1 eoe4ne4«4MM»4e<-4 i lo
"■ 1 i^
i
&
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1271
A careful study of these cases was made with a view of determining a possible
source of infection. The results obtained are shown in the table below, where it
appears that for seventy-three per cent of the cases possible causes of infection can
be assigned. Furthermore, a total of eighty-seven cases, or nearly seventy per
cent, of the entire number of cases with a determined cause, were infected out-
side the district, or came in contact with other water supplies, chiefly that
furnished from the Torrcsdale filtration plant. Most of these casese were in-
vestigated anew at the instance of the State Department of Health because of lack
of definite data from the first investigation, so that the results as shown have been
attained through a very careful study of all the facts that could be secured:
DETBRMINBD CAUSES OF INFECTION OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE BELMONT
WATER DISTRICT. JANUARY TO OCTOBER INCLUSIVE— 1913.
Imported,*
Secondary,
Contacta.
Not typbold.
Cootact wltb rlrer water:
Rlrer bathers,
Traveled on boats,
Worked on Oreenwlch Pier,
Drank river water,
Infected water districts.
Contact with sewage,
Oobbs Greek bather I
Wedding breakfast (water cress in- 1
fection),
Pollnted spring water,
Foliated well water.
Total— Determined causes,
Unknown
ToUl,
i
1 *
I
2
4
**
1 ".
t
20
11
1
SI
2
6
1
8
44
2
2
8
1
S
129
47
•In the 34th Ward two cases are Included under "Imported*' who resided in Overbrook and
probably used Springfield Water Company supply. They were infected ontside the city.
QUEEN LANE WATER DISTRICT.
The Queen Lane Water District lies on the east bank of the Schuylkill River in
the vicinity of Falrmount Park opposite the northern section of the Belmont water
district. Parts of seven wards are supplied with Schuylkill River water through
the filter plant of the district. These same wards also receive other supplies. In
the case or one, namely, the Forty- third ward, a supply is received from tJie Torree-
dale plant by way of the Wentz Farm and the Oak Lane Districts and also from
both the Queen Lane and the Ix)wer Roxborough filter plants. The Thirty-eighth
Ward is furnished with Schuylkill River water only through the Queen Tiane and
the Lower Roxborough filter plants. Each of the other wards gets both Delaware
River and Schuylkill River water. Directly north of the Queen Lane District is
that supplied by the I^wer Roxborough plant. On the east and south, the terri-
tory supplied with Torresdale water adjoins.
The territory is irregular in shape having an estimated population of 104.000. On
the weet, it is bounded by the Schuylkill River and is otherwise outlined by a line
extending from the river in a northoasterly direction along Nicetown Lane and
Hunting Park Avenue to North Brood Street, thence following in a general south-
easterly direction the Richmond Branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway
to the intersection of Westmoreland Street and Sedgley Avenue then along Sedg-
ley Avenue southwesterly to North 27th Street and south on North 27th Street
to the Schuylkill River at Spring Garden Street.
The division of wards partly served from the Queen Lane plant and the typhoid
fever cases occurring in 191.3 from January to October inclusive, the wards and
cases being separated according to the various water districts entering them, are
clearly shown in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
1272
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
I
I
ig
OK
i
H
>►
K
fo
O
Q
<
Z
o
o
!
►
1
s
i
s
n
»'*«3Sg^S
3
i
09 .«D J
••
u
'^•='a99*«
s
s
1
1
• oo :;3goo5j
s
3
s
Ig
e
. . •
• A
A
1
a
1
S
1
1
: :
, : :
§
ii
§§§§§§
^^SS^*^
0)
1
M
§§ §1
§§
89
i
a
i
a
II
;0o
: : :
§
i
8
if
s?assss
1
9
1
s;ss»ss
rb"
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HKALTH. 1273
Along the river front of the Queen Lane District there are few if any industries*
this ground taken up generally by East Fairmount Park and in the northern part
by cemeteries. A number of important industries are scattered through the dis-
trict, but it can be considered as mostly residential. The Queen Jjsne pumping
station and reservoir together with the connecting pipe lines were placed in service
during 1805. The filter plant was added to the city water works system during
November 1911, being under construction in 1909. The following description of
the pumping station and the filter plant is taken from the report of the City Water
Bureau for 1900.
'The Queen I^ane Pumping Station is located on the Schuylkill River in east
Fairmount Park approximately 800 feet below the month of the Wissahickon Creek.
It consists of four Southwark .vertical triple expansion pumps of twenty million'
gallons daily capacity each, twenty-four internally fired tubular boilers of 200 H. P.
each.
"The pumpd are connected with the river intake by two masonry conduits leading
into either end of the engine rooms each supplying two pumps. Gates and screens
are provided at the intake which is constructed in two sections of rubble masonry.
As at Lardner's Point, the pumps ends of each pumping engine are located in the
basement with the floor intervening at an elevation so that the engines and crank
shafts are above the floor level. The smoke flues in the boiler house are connected
to a stack two hundred feet hiffh, twelve feet internal dinmcter.
"A modem coal handling plant is about 1o be installed to' take the coal from the
Reading Railroad, nearby, and transport it to the boiler room by tunneling under
Ridge Avenue and Park property.
"Water is delivered from this station to the Queen Lane reservoir through two
lines of forty -eight inch cast iron pipe.
"This filter plant as planned and under construction contemplates using the south
basin of the Queen Lane reservoir as a sedimentation basin which has a capacity
of 177,000,000 gallons or about two and one-half day's sedimentation with the filters
working at their nominal ratp of 70,000.000 crallons ppr day. It is thirty feet deep
with an elevation of 238 C. D. at its flow line. Wffter will be introduced at one
comer and drawn off at the other end through a gate chamber to be constructed
as a part of the filter plant.
**The water after passing from the sedimentation basin is delivered to preliminary
filters through a seven foot steel conduit surrounded by concrete, and is controlled
in a circular gate chamber located at the en stern end of the embankment next to
the filters by three, three feet by four feet hydraulically operated sluice gates.
Preliminary Filters.
"The preliminary filters, forty in number, measuring thirty-two by forty feet
each, are located partly on the oricinnl reservoir embankment and partly on fill,
in two rows, separated by a power house and administration building at the centre,
making two separate preliminary filter opera tinsr eralleries. In all their essential
details these filters are, with the exoeption of their interior dimensions, identical
with those constructed and in operation at Torreadale. exceptinf? that the water is
introduced at the front instend of at the rear, and is drawn off through an effluent
discharge located immediately under the raw water sunply, both of which are
located under the floor of the operating gallery. The effluent is dischnrged at an
elevation of 245 C. D. from both battoriea in the centro line of the plant, where
it is carried through a main .supply in the centre of the final or snnd filters. These
filters are all covered by a reinforced concrete roof. The el^vntion of the water
surface is fixed at 231.25 C. D. or 6.75 feet below the flow line of the sedimentation
basin.
Final or Slow Sand Filters.
"The filters will be located immediately west of the preliminary filters inside of
the north basin of the reservoir. The method of filtration is the same as employed
at the other stations, but the filters nre constructed on different lines, inn.smuch as
they will be built immedintely over the filtered water bn.^sin and supported on piers
and groined arches. There nre twenty-two sopnrnte bods each having dimensions
of 344 feet 5 inches by 9fi feet. They nre nrrnnered in two groups or batteries
separated by a court twenty feet wide under which are placed the raw wnter con-
duit and the necessary piping and drains. The supply will be received from the
preliminary filters throneh a recta ngiilnr. rein forced steel conduit 10 fe^t wide by
7 feet 4 inches high, whirh is connected to eneh filter bv a twenty inch pipe lending
through the chamber of the regulating house in which is placed a valve to recrulate
the rate of flow into the filter.
"The filtered water is pas.««ed from each filter diroft through a rectnnfirnlnr orifice
placed in the wall of the chamber of the resmlntinff house to the filtered water
basin. The only piping required to be extended the fnll length of the plnnt is the
refill pipe, which is twelve inches in diameter and two lines of pressure pipe for
washing sand, which are twelve inches in diameter.
"The filters are supported on rectnngulnr pi'^rs constructed on sixteen feet centres.
two feet six inches square, extending through the floor of the reservoir, the foun-
Digitized by
Google
1274 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
dations for which are carried to rock. The floor of the filters forms the roof of
the filtered water basin and is constructed of groined arches ten inches thick at
the crown with a rise of three feet nine inches. The side walls have a minimum
thickness of two feet and are of reinforced concrete. The main collector is built
of reinforced concrete in two sections, each having an area of nine inches by four
feet, covered by a reinforced concrete slab six inches thick. The lateral collectors
are of six inch terra cotta pipe extending either side from the main collector spaced
at sixteen feet intervals.
'The filter roof is carried on square concrete piers spaced on five foot centres and
average about six feet in height, allowing head room between the water surface in
the filters, and the underside of the roof beams of a minimum of five feet. The
roof is of reinforced concrete supported on reinforced beams nineteen inches deep
and six inches wide and thirty-two feet span. The roof proper is six inches thick.
"The filtering material will consist of a layer of gravel sixteen inches in depth,
varying in size from three inches in diameter to about one-sixteenth inch in diameter.
Over the gravel is placed a layer of sand twenty inches in depth. Requirements
as to size, etc., are the same as at the other stations.
'The regulating houses all face the centre court or aisle and each accommodates
two filters. The filters will be drained at the rear through a twenty inch pipe.
which connects with a drainage system leading to the sewers.
*The power station and administration building are located at the eastern end
over the discharge piped, in the centre of the plant. In the power house will be
placed boilers and pumps for pumping water for cleaning the filters, and the elec-
tric lighting equipment, etc. A steel tank thirty-five feet in diameter and thirty
feet high is supported above the roof and will be used to store wash water for the
preliminary filters. It is enclosed by brick walls architecturally treated to conform
to the otiier buildings.
"The administration building adjoins the power house and will be arranged with
lockers and quarters for the men, as well as offices for the Superintendent, etc.
"Filtered Water Basin.
"As already indicated, the plant is a two-story structure the filtered water basin
occupying the entire space under all the final filters, a space 1,066 feet by 700 feet,
and when filled to its nominal depth, nine feet, it will have a capacity of 50,000,000
gallons, or approximately two- thirds of a day's supply for the district.
"Excepting one, the east, the side walls are of plain concrete four feet six inches
thick and support the side walls of the final filters. The east wall is formed by the
retaining wall supporting the embankment under the preliminary filters. The
floor of the original reservoir forms the floor of the filtered water basin, and is
lined with four inches of concrete covered with two inches of asphalt concrete.
"Two riveted steel outlets covered with six inches of concrete, five feet in dia-
meter, connect with the original gate chamber of the reservoir, a part of whi<4i is
left intact under the power house. By this arrangement the old gates and outlet
pipes are made use of.*'
Filtered water was introduced into this district from Allegheny Avenue north,
this comprising approximately one-thard of the entire territory, on July 3rd, 1903.
The remainder of the territory was supplied with filtered water December 1st.
1911 since which time the entire territory has received filtered water. On November
20th, 1911, apparatus was installed in connection with the Queen Ijane filter plant
to introduce a chemical germicide into this supply.
Typhoid Fever in the Queen Lane District.
From the table previously given it appears that in the seven wards partly sup-
plied wil^ water from the Queen Lane plant there was a total <}f a hundred and
fifty-six cases of typhoid fever from January to October inclusive in the year 1913.
Because of the numerous supplies entering into these wards, these being introduced
from time to time, it has been practically out of the question to make a study of the
typhoid for the district prior to 1913. There was a noticeable lack of data respec-
ting the cases occurring in the period just studied and when a special effort had
been made to thoroughly investigate each case it was discovered that this was even
more marked relating to these cases occurring in earlier years. So the study of
typhoid for this district has been confined to the cases occurring during the first
ten months of 1913, with special attention in this particular report to the casn
located in these seven wards in the Queen I^ane District. Detail facts relative to
the cases in other parts of these same wards have been discussed elsewhere under
their proper water district.
The occurrence of the cases in the Queen Lane District by months for each ward
is indicated in the sub- joined table:
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1275
SUMMARY OF CASES FOR THE ENTIRE QUEEN LANE WATER DISTRICT, iSVk
By months and by wards.
Month.
January
February
March
April,
May
Jnne
Jnly
August
September,
October.
Total
Case rate per 100,000 popnla-
tion
Wards (Parts of).
82
28
88
87
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12! 18
19
0
120
64
64
0
Total.
64
From the foregoing it may be noted that the case rate in the Thirty-second Ward
is double that of any of the other wards. All but nine of the cases in the water
district occurred during the open season from April to October indusive, with tiie
greatest number in any month occurring in August.
The next table following shows the fifty-four cases occurring in this district
separated as to sex and ages by wards:
Digitized by
Google
1276
O
X
<
P
M
a
S^
pf-«
MO
gw
Po
OH
OO
CO
QQ
o
W
PLI
>H
Ik,
O
Q
a
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THlsJ
««S a « *
Off- Doc.
S
Ills
flp,^, — ...
2
H
ciMAusejOi^Mioegeo ij
rHiHioM-^iaooeeoN i gj
r-lr4'<<m00lOr^MC«Mr-
SOr-IOOOOOO I
oooooooeooo i o
OOdOiHOOOOOO I (-^
oooooooeooo, I o
H«(0 I t-
|a
ooc400tHee«Hoe i«
OOr-lr-*Nni-l>-4 0r-*0 I*
OOfHNMnoOr-lMCd | 6^
OOiHOiHi-lOOOOi-l I ■««•
OOOMrHi-lOOfHMi-l I «0
oee40«D«Hooeoo ) o»
OOOOMOOOOOO I M
oeeqocQiHOoooo i «»
oooooooopoe lo
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
lOT
that a fair percentage of the total
It appears here, as in the Belmont District,
cases laUs into the group between ten and thirty, an age when there is consider-
able likelihood of change in environment. In this connection it is interesting to
note that almost one-half of the cases have been charged to sources of infection found
outside of this particular water district.
Of the fifty -four cases in the district, possible sources of infection have been as-
signed to thirty-two, leaving twenty-two unknown. A few of these cases were re-
investigated, but taken as a whole there was a lack of very definite information
concerning them. From the data at hand causes have been assigned as appear in
the table following herewith:
DETERMINED CAUSES OF INFECTION OF TYPHOID FEVER CASB8 OCCURRING IN THE
QUEEN LANE WATER DISTRICT— JANUARY TO OCTOBER INCLUSIVE, IMS.
■ ■ - ■■—
■
Wards.
Determined Caupes.
T^tal.
43
91*
88
28
82
24
16*
Imported,
1
3
2
8
• 2
U
City water of the Infected
district
8
8
8
8
10
Contact with sewage,
1
Not tjpliold.
2
Contact
1
1
DHyer
1
Rirer bather,
1
i
SbeU fiah
1
History Incomplete
1
Secondary,
1
Total determined canses
of infection
1
0
9
10
9
4
7
6
6
8
88
82
Unknown,
Total
J
19
IS
12
9
64
•No cases.
As a matter of interest in this connection there is shown following a table giving
the determined cases of infection of all the cases occurring in the wards whidi are
in part supplied with water from the Queen Lane plant:
DETERMINED CAUSES OF INFECTION OF TYPHOID CASES IN WARDS SBRVBD WITH
QUKEN LANE AND OTHER WATER SUPPLIES.
■
Water DistricU.
Determined Canses.
rorresdale.
S;?e"
Lower
Roxboroagh.
Total.
Wents
Farm.
Main.
Oak
Lane.
Imported* ••••
6
1
4
12
2
•
u
2
86
S<>condfiry
1
2
2
Contactn
Contacts with rlrer water:
Rirer bathers
Trareiled on boats
Worked on Qreenwich piers.
Not tvnhoid feyer
2I i
J
Donbtfnl diagnosis
2
6
Possible oyster infection, .......
1
1
1
History incomplete
Frequent pnbllc baths
Contact with sewage,
'.'.'.'.v.'.'.'.'.
i
i
10
82
22
Worked or Tisited downtown (in-
fected water dist.)
9
4
28
Total determined canses, ..
TTnkDOWn ». rrr--.--^
7
5
4
5
8S
87
7
8
86
71
Total
12
9
72
64
9
166
Digitized by '
Gooc
1278 EIGHTH ANNUAL RKPOliT OP THE Off. Doc.
LOWER ROXBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT.
The district next to be discussed, the Lower Roxborough, was the first in Phila-
delphia to be supplied with filtered water. The territory includes parts of five
wards: generally speaking, the district comprises Manayunk, Falls of Schuylkill,
and the lower elevations of Germantown. An estimated population of 51,000 re-
sides in this district.
It is divided into three district sections which may be termed the Manayunk gee-
tion, in the Twenty-first Ward, the Falls of Schuylkill section and the German-
town section, taking in parts of the Twenty -second. Thirty -eighth. Forty-second, &nd
Forty-third wards respectively. Each fo these wards has at least one other water
supply. Thus water is obtained from the Lower Roxborough, Upper Roxborough,
and Queen Lane plants, all on the Schuylkill River and from the Torresdale plant
on the Delaware River and a small section in the northern part of the Forty-second
Ward gets its supply from the Springfield Water Company, a private corporation.
The following table divides the wards according to the various water supplies and
shows in addition typhoid fever cases occurring in the first ten months of I9I3 in
each ward for each water district:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1279
<v*
3
il
»»n:s»
s
<
^
>-g •
<H
s
111
H
Q
yj
Oft ;»^iH ;
»
5?;
1
bg§
;i3
g
ii
is
iiri
'^
/^
OQ
w
o
S*".
!- i !'"
8
CQ
go
_|l
;;;;«©
to
»^
H
"^
i
<^S
>
3
1
II
~:7:*a
a"
►H
. jL-' _:
S:
li'i
§§§§§
§
all
aaa '-'
s
>lj
1
02 CQ
i
F
Q
1
tf
<
^
&
i i ii i
: : :• *:
r
Z
a
00
CO
a
1
U
jiyi
§
(4
iiiil
§
K
s
iss
: : : ':•"
*
>
o
^5
Q
iSd
" illil""
§
c
f
II
: : :aa
(3
>*<
S^u
3
sT
G
m
^9^S;9
s
Z
^
_ -
_
;z;
: : : : : :
c
^
%
t
^
p
^
j : : : : |
d.
; i ! : : ^
p
PLI
asm^
is
IS
GO M
lis
III
IIS
S^M
I
III
ll^
wgl
p fl «
t^ 0 OJ
81
Digitized by
Google
1280 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
*'The Rozborough pumping station is located on the Schuylkill River near the
northwestern city boundary approximately ten miles from the centre of the city.
This station consists of six Worthington pumps, five with a capacity of five mil-
lion gallons daily and one with a capacity or six million, five hundred thousand
gallons daily; one Holly pump of ten million gallons capacity, and two Snow
pumps of five million gallons daily capacity each, all horizontal compound pumps.
The boiler equipment consists of eight internally fired tubular boilers of 100 H. P.
capacity, and four water tube boilers of 600 H. P. capacity each."
"The Lower Roxborough Filter Station, the first to be constructed, is located
near Ridge and Shawmont Avenues,' adjacent to the lx>wer Roxborough reservoir
in the Twenty-first Ward. It is supplied from the Roxborough pumping station
located at Shawmont on the Schuylkill River near the city boundary on the north-
west, and consists of a sedimentation basin, eleven preliminary filters and five final
or slow sand filters. The Lower Roxborough reservoir, formerly used as a storage
basin, after some slight changes was converted into a subsiding baain having a
capacity of about thirteen million gallons or one day's supply for the filters.
"The water is pumped into the reservoir at the bottom of the east end, and is
drawn off near the surface through a screen chamber at the west end. The basin
operates upon the continuous subsidence system, and will give a subsidence of the
Schuylkill River water for twenty-four hours before it is passed to the preliminary
filters. From the primary filters the water is passed to the plain sand filters, and
thence to the dear water basin. There is no supplementary pumpage with the
exception of that necessary for the purpose of cleaning the sand.
"The preliminary filters at this station consist of eleven concrete tanks, sixteen
feet wide, sixty-four feet long, five feet six inches deep, inside measurements, in
which is placed at the bottom five inches of coarse gravel, ranging in size from
two and one-half to one and one-half inches diameter ; above this a layer is crushed
furnace slag, ten inches thick, ranging in dimensions from one and one-half to three-
fourths inch; above this is a layer of crushed furnace slag twenty-four incfaesi
thidt, ranging in dimensions from three-fourth to one-fourth inch, and above this
a layer of compressed sponge, nine inches thick, weighing about five pounds per
square foot of surface. The sponge is compressed on the layer of slae by a set of
narrow planks spaced one-half an inch apart which are pressed aown on the
sponge layer by timber beams running lengthwise of the filter tank and screw
jacks, reacting upwards against I beams. These beams are spaced on eight foot
centres, and span the filter tanks transversely.
"The water is introduced into the bottom or the tanks through five inch diameter
perforated tJle pipes, percolates upwards through the gravd, crushed slag and
sponge, and is drawn off at the top of the filters over brass weir plates having
rectangular notches twenty-two and one-half inches long and nine inches deep.
"The water enters the filters at the rear end and is drawn off at the front end
into galvanized iron boxes, from which it flows into the coUecting pipe and is
thence conducted to the plain sand filters.
"The preliminary filters each have a filtering area of 1,024 square feet, and when
nil are in service, delivering twelve million gallons per day, each will deliver 1,090,-
909 gallons, or at the rate of 46.4 million gallons per acre per day.
"The filters are cleaned on an average of once a month by reversing the current
at a rapid rate and washing the water into sewers through a twenty inch pipe
drain at the bottom. When the sponges become heavily clogged, which occurs ap-
proximately twice annually, they are removed from the tank by mechanical ap-
pliances and washed in laundry washers driven by electric motors.
"The final filters, of which there are five in number, are of the same general tjpe
as those in use in a number of cities in Continental Europe, in Albany, N. X.,
Washington, D. C, and Pittsburgh, Pa. Owing to the topography of the site,
it was found necessary to locate the filters in a series of steps, the difference in
level between the two adjacent filters being two feet nine inches. The filtered
water basin is located at a still lower level. Each filter measures 109 feet by 219
feet 10 inches on the inside and has a net filtering area at the nominal sand line of
about 0.637 acre.
"The floors of the filters are built of concrete in the form of inverted groined
arches six inches thick at the centre and fourteen inches thick under the piers, and
on a puddle lining. The puddle lining consists of a mixture of day and broken
stone, and is carried up around the outside walls to a point one foot above the
water line of the filters.
**The vaulting is built of concrete in the form of semi-dliptical groined arches,
fourteen feet span, three feet rise, six inches thick at the crown, and twenty-one
inches thick over the piers, which are twenty-two inches square at the sand lino
and battered to thirty-four inches square at the base. Ventilator shafts are
provided for the admission of light and nir during scraping On top of the vaulting
is placed a layer of broken stone four inches thick for the purpose of conveying
rain water to the drains leading down through the piers and dividing wafls to a
point just above the sand level.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1281
"The twenty-four inch main collectors, extending the entire length of each filter,
are built entirely of concrete, and are covered with movable concrete slabs. Six
inch lateral collectors enter this drain at the top through special terra-cotta fittings.
"The lateral collectors are placed in each bay and consist of a line of six inch
diameter vitrified pipe perforated all around from end to end and plugged at the
end remote from the main collector. Around the collectors and for a height of six
inches from the floor is placed gravel ranging from 3 inches to 1$ inches in diameter.
Above this is placed a four inch layer of gravel ranging in size from 1} to fi inch
diameter. On top of this a three-inch layer of gravel ranging in size from 4 to i
inch diameter is placed. On top of this is placed a two-inch layer of gravel ranging
in size from i inch diameter to material which would be retained on a sieve having
fourteen meshes to the linear inch, and above this a final layer of one inch thick
coarse sand which would pass a No. 14 sieve and be retained on a No. 20, the whole
depth of the underdraln gravel being sixteen inches. Above the gravel underdrains
to a depth averaging approximately thirty-six inches is placed the filter sand having
an effective size of from .28 to .36 mm. with a uniformity co-efficient of about 2.5.
Some of the sand was dredged from the Delaware River and some was taken from
sand banks in the southern part of New Jersey.
"Each filter is provided with a regulating house in which all valves pertaining to
the operation of the filters are located, also automatic effluent regulatoors which
maintain a uniform rate of filtration regardless of the loss of head or friction through
the sand which is constantly changing. Each filter is also provided with a large
entrance at the court level to afford facilities for caring for the filters. The piping
is of cast iron and is located in the courts or filter streets in front of the filters.
The piping system consists of supply, etHuent, raw water draii\, refill, valve chamber
drain, overflow, and pressure lines for the sand washers.
"The sand washers, two in number, are located in the court outside the filters
and are of the ejector type. The washer consists of a series of hoppers thirty-six
inches in diameter into which is discharged dirty sand from the filters. The sand
finds its way to the bottom of the hopper and is ejected to the next hopper. The
dirty water overflows from the hoppers and passes. to the sewer.
**The filtered water basin is similar in construction to the filters, except that it
is deeper, and the piers are twenty-two inches square for their entire height. The
capacity of the .basin at the nominal water line is 3,000,000 gallons. On top of the
vaulting is placed a layer of puddle, filling up the depressions over the piers, with
Its top surface graded from a high point at the center of the basin to the four
sides. On this puddle is placed a layer of broken stone, and in this four inch
drains with open joints are laid to collect the rain water and lead it to the eight
inch pipe around the basin and connecting with the overflow.
"This station supplies Manayunk and the lower elevations of German town.**
Ekiuipment for introducing hypochlorite of lime to the water was installed at
this filter plant on January 26th, 1912.
Typhoid Fever in the Lower Roxborough Water District.
As in the case of the Queen Lane Water District, a detailed study of typhoid
fever cases occurring in 1913 on<ly has been made, because the changes in the
water district occurring at various times in earlier years make it extremely dif-
ficult to secure definite data on the cases of former years.
The dame situation obtains in this district as was found in the Queen Lane
Water District, as relates to the division of the wards by the various water sup-
plies and a detailed study has, therefore, been made of the cases occurring in
1913.
81—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1282
KIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THK
Off. Doc.
In 1913 there were thirty -eight cases of typhoid fever among 51,000 persons in
the first ten months of thliB year. The occurrence of these cases by months and
by wards is herewith shown:
TISPHOID FBVBR GASES BY MONTHS IN THE LOWER BOXBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT-
JANUARY TO OCTOBER INOLUSIVE— 1»18.
Month.
Wards.
T^til
21
88
22
41
43
Gam.
i
January.
0
•
FebruaiT.
al 6
Marcb, '.'.
0- 1
Aoril
fflaj .....:.,................
0 6
juS. :::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:
0 1
July
August.
September,
Oefober, '.
74
Total, ..
9
6
16
*
»
100,000 population,
Oaae rate per
75
4S
88
1.000
4*
From this table it is evident that these cases are scattered pretty generally
through each month of this entire period, which differs somewhat from some of
the oUier districts studied vThere a majority of the cases had their onsets dorinf
the open season.
This water district has two well defined characteristics, as the Manayunk and
Falls of Schuylkill sections are largely industrial while the Germantown region is
almost wholly of a superior residential character.
The next table shows the sex and age classifications of all of the cases in this
district. Except for infants and those in old age, the cases are divided pretty
evenly in each age period; one-half of them fall into the ten to thirty pye period.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OB' HEALTH.
1283
1
r^-j, «> 8 •
tt
Infanta,
Children
iMlnora
Of ace
Middle ace. .
Old ace.
1
1
H
T<«l««ID«ieiO«M«0 n
h*
.,
ii
OM ■« -v* m«0 «Oflq TH M o
s
H
n n 1 : i : i i
M
fc
:::::: : : : :
r<
s
:::::!*'::!:
M
5J
H
. ..H . .r4M : : • :
*
h
iTn
:- :": :T
M
>i
iH
fl
H
• *
:$
h
t^«.«tH . .
iH JiHlH . .
•
S'
.NWnrH
! i*^ i*^ :
s
»
H
i : : : : 1
**
h
'^
S
'. ', i^ '.
M .*-• ;i-l •
to
n
H
;eq»-lMf-lrH • ;*-lr-t J
Ok
»)
;fH JTI .
III i^* I
•9
^
.r^r^r^r^r^ . .r4 . •
«e
1
&
5
!
:::::: i 1 :: :
tm
Digitized by
Google
1284
EIGEn?H ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc.
Following is a comprehensive table showing the determined causes of infection
of cases in all of the wards included in this water district. This shows a total of
a hundred and eight cases in the five wards involved and they are divided according
to the various water supplies coming into the wards. Referring to the table it is
noted that nineteen of the thirty-eight cases in the I^wer Roxborough section are
cliarged to causes outside of the water district. This was also found to be char-
acteristic of the Belmont and Queen lAne Districts:
DBTBRMINBD OAUSES OP INFECTION OF TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN WARDS SERVED
WITH LOWER ROXBOROUGH AND OTHER WATER SUPPLIES.
Water Districts.
Determined Caaaes.
Torresdale.
^
^33*-
Roxbor-
ough. 1
Lowt»r
Roxbor-
ough.
Total
Cases.
Went*
Farm.
Oak
Lane.
Imported
10
1
1
i
i
1
1.
5
il
i
1
4'
1
1
2
»
1
1
3
t2
Secondary,
2
4
Contacts, *
Contacts with rlrer water:
River bathers
Traveled on boats,
2
1
Drank river water,
:::::::::: i ::::::::::
.... 1
1
Not tjplioid fever
Contact with sewage
Wedding Breakfast (water
cress)
Worked or visited down
town (Infected water
district)
2
2
7
s
1
9
1
2
12
Total determined
causes
12
9
4
2
10
10
1
0
1
1
16
71
M
14
6S
Uiil[QOwn, .* •••
42
Total
21
6
20
fS
38
108
UPPER ROXBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT.
The Upper Roxborough district was the second iu the city to be supplied with
filtered water, this being effected July 3rd, lfK)3. This district covers a larue ex-
panse of territory lying north and west of the rx>wer Roxborough District and ad-
jacent thereto, and includes parts of three wards, the Twenty-first, Twenty-
second, and Forty-second respectively. The Twenty-first and Twenty-second
wards also get Jjower Roxborough water and the Forty-second re-
ceives, in addition to these two supplies, water from the Torresdale plant through
the Wentz Farm sub-district and also from the Springfield Water Company. The
best known settlements in the Upper Roxborough District are Wissahickon. por-
tions of Manayunk, Roxborough, the higher elevations of Germantown and
Chestnut Hill as well as numerous smaller communities. It is estimated that the
total population residing in this district amounts to about 79,000. Taken as a
whdle the district is residential in character, the larger communities forming morp
or less high class suburbs and in addition there is considerable open country found
here. The following table shows the division of this territory according to water
supplies by wards and also the 1913 typhoid fever cases :
Digitized by
Google
No, 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
I2t»
M
QQP
Q
M
O
g
Q
<
O
M
H
O
.1
aR»
1S
ft
"S-* 8
6^
^1
1
B
I
a
!
1
I
§§§
jsa"
§§§
I
p
1^1
1
. Si
Digitized by
Google
1288 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The Shawmont pumping station supplies the Upper Roxborough filter plant, the
following description of which is quoted from the report of the City Water Bureau
for 190G:
"The Upper Roxborough Filter Station, the second to be constructed, is located
north of the intersection of Port Royal and Hagy Avenues in the Twenty-first
Ward, adjacent to the Upper Roxborough reservoir, which ia used as a 8e<&men-
tation basin, and is supplied from the Roxborough pumping station. The reser-
voir not having sufficient elevation to supply the filters by gravity, the water aft«r
it ia passed through both basins of the reservoir is pumped to the filters by centri-
fugal pumps located in the extension of the Roxborough Auxiliary pumping station
This station is some distance from the filters but the pumps were placed there as
boiler equipment and part of the pipe system were already in place and could be
utilized in connection with the operation of the Upper Roxborough filters. The
station consists of eight covered sand filters, a filtered water basin and an admin-
istration buildinc.
"Preliminary filters were not made a part of this station owing to the long
period of sedimentation obtained in the Upper Roxborough basins, which have a
capacity of 147,000,000 gallons, or about nine days' supply for the filters as
operated at the present time.
'*The topography of the site is such that the filters are all constructed on one
level, with the filtered water basin situated lower.
"Each filter measures 140 feet 8 inches by 219 feet 10 inches, and has a net
filtering area of O.0B8 acre. The filters and filtered water basin are the same typ«
of construction as at Ix>wer Roxborough. The regulating houses are located at the
front of the filters and each house controls two beds. The filtered water basin
measures 237 feet 8 inches by 318 feet 10 inches. It is fifteen feet deep and has a
capacity of eight million gallons. This station supplies the high areas in the
northern part of the city, such as Chestnut Hill, Mt. Airy, Upper Germantown
and Upper Roxborough.
"In the administration building are installed two duplicate pumps driven by gaso-
line engines to supply water to the sand ejectors and washers at a high pressure.
Each pump has a capacity of 1,200,000 gallons daily against a head of 200 feet."
Chlorinated lime was first introduced into this water supply on January 27th.
1912. .
As in the district last discussed, details are given only of the typhoid cases oc-
curring during the first ten months of 1913. The onset of these cases, as well
as their distribution in the three wards partly in this district, are shown in the
table herewith given. It is to be here noted that all but three of the twenty-two
cases occurred during the open season:
TYPHOID FEVER CASES IN THE UPPER ROXBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT, BY MONTHS-
JANUARY TO OCTOBER INCLUSIVE— WW.
I Words. I
Months. I ' Total
I I Cases.
Janiuirj 1, 0 0
February, 0 0 0
March ol 2 0
April 8 4 1
Miiy 0| X 0
Jane ; li », •
Jnly ft. 2 0\
Angnst ' 0, 0 0
September. i 2' 0. 0
October. ! 0 0 0
I , .
TMal. 9 Ml 1
Following is a table showing the age and sex classification of the twenty-two
cases. Here again the majority of cases are found falling into the age period under
thirty years. The various classes are divided about evenly.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1287
UPPER BOXBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT TYPHOID FEVER CASBS-nJANUABY
OCTOBER INCLUSIVB-ISIS. AGE AND SEX OliASSIFIGATION.
TO
Wards
Total
Oasea
Olaasiilcatioii.
Atei
a
a
42
M.
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
8
F.
0
0
1
I
0
0
0
0
0
1
T.
J
9
M.
F.
0
1
2
T.
-J
2
2
2
2
0
2
0
1
0
-i
12
M.
0
0
0
F.
s
0
J
1
T.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
]
M.
2
2
0
0
12
F.
10
T.
-
10-14,
Infants.
Children
0
i
7
ifKis;
20-94
0 2
JlJ
4 . 8
-
Of ace
Middle a«e
n
25-29
30-94
S5-»
40-44
7
fi-49
60+
-
Old ace
1
Total,
?n
1
.
I 1
The detennined causes of infection in this district have been shown in a general
table, which includes determined causes for cases in all of the wards involved,
divided as to water supplies. In the Upper Roxborough district possible sources of
infection have been given to fifteen of the cases, leaving seven of unknown ori^.
Seven are believed to have received their infection outside of this water district.
The table in question follows:
DETERMINED CAUSES OP INFECTION OF TYPHOID CASES IN WARDS SBBVBD WITH
UPPER BOXBOROUGH AND OTHER WATER SUPPLIES.
Determined Canaea.
Imported
Secondary,
Contact, ...«
Cbntaet with rlrer water:
River bathera.
Trarelled on boats,
Drank rirer water,
Not tTpboid,
Infected water district
Wedding breakfast (Water
creaa)
Water Districts.
Torresdale.
Went! Farm.
Springfield.
Upper Rox-
borongh.
Total— Determined causes,
Unknown
Total.
1
0
Lower Boz-
boroogli.
Total Oases.
17
1
S
I
1
1
6
6
88
28
Summary for the Schuylkill River Water District.
The facts here set forth are more or less in the nature of summarirings. The
State Health Department has collected a large amount of data concerning the
Schuylkill River district, as well as the other parts of the city, and these data are
available in the office of the Department and can be referred to should a more de-
tailed report relative to this particular section of the city be desired. It is not
within the province of this general report, however, to include all the information
that has been secured, but an attempt has been made to cover the situation in a
general way.
Digitized by
Google
1288
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Summarizing the facts set forth in detail under each sub-division, it appears that
from January to October inclusiye in 1913, there were two hundred and ninety
cases of typhoid fever in the entire Schuylkill River water district. Only fifteen
per cent, of this number occurred in the first three months of the year. The re-
maining eighty -five per cent, had onsets during the open season, designated as
Ai)ril to October inclusive. This is the time when people move about more or less,
using various food supplies, drinking possibly from numerous water supplies, and
in fact are presumed to be in more danger of infection than when living at home.
The ages of the patients should bear out this theory as it is expected that those of
younger years are more active than persons in middle age. As will appear in a
table to be shown hereafter over one-half of the total number of cases fall into the
age period from ten to thirty. In fact seventy per cent, of the total cases are
under thirty years of age. Again, from the table of determined causes of infection
hereafter given, it will be noted that more than half of the total cases are pre-
sumed to have contracted the disease away from their homes and outside of the
Schuylkill River Water District.
An interesting feature of the source of infection in this district relates to ten
cases appearing in this table presumed to have received their infection from polluted
water cress served at a weddine.
In the followin||[ tables are snown the cases occurring in the entire Schuylkill
River Water District. The first shows the distribution of the cases of 1913 by months
and the second the sex and age classification, the third table indicating uie deter-
mined causes of infection assigned after a careful study of all the data available:
TYPHOID FEVER OASES IN THE ENTIRE SCHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT-
JANUARY TO OCTOBER INCLUSIVE— 1912.
Month.
January, ..
Febmaiy, .
March. ...
April
May
Juno,
JnJy
August. . .
September,
October, ..
Total,
Water District
Total Oaaea.
Belmont.
Queen Lane.
Lower Rox-
°gSS,22f
boronch.
8
i
la
10
S
17
9
2
15
5
8
5
s
9
8 1 6
m
18
2 1
M
27
9 4
«
86
11 1 5
a
88
6 1 4
«
ar
2
»
176
M
88
a
m
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1289
(4
M
o
OQ
02
O
(l4
p
QQ
1
t
I
I
I
-a» 8 c ;3"|
Sil ^ i »
.sSs S a s
'-' v-^ " — o
H
-88»5l5l5RaaSS
¥~
»)
''?sa?;a«g *•*-►-•»«
B
a
••jss;asRssa'-«
S
0'«'«Meqr-IMMMOr-l
OM « «q 1-4 e o e fH e fH
onfHr^fHfHNneaee
rHlAttlOMiaiAMMMe
f-t N M fH 1-t M N 1-1 r^ 1-t e
eeo'W'«cieo«QMi-iMe
M €4 Ol kO 4^ ^ ft m 10 M «0
1-1 1-1 lA 04 -<«• lO e O M o «
1-i t-i «# 60 00 lo *H n n eo 1-1
•aa«fiat99*''-
M«)^e4MlAld4DMe4iA
Me»oorae|iAO«Dc»e4»i
i
"liiSiSlli
Digitized by
Google
1290
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
DETERMINED CAUSES OF INFECTION OF TYPHOID FEVER OASES IN THE ENTIRE
SCHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT.
Determined CauBes.
Water District.
Total Oaaea.
Belmont
QneenLane.
Lower Rox-
boroivh.
^KS^-
Imported,
48
44
11
1
2
2
2
»
1
\
5
m
4
Secondaty,
Contacts
i
12
Not typhoid
It
7
Contact with rlrer water:
River bathers.
Travelled on boats,
... . ''
f
Worked on Greenwich Pier
Drank river watcir, .......
1
4
Infected water district
Contact with sews^,
1
7
Cobbs Greek bather
1
:::::::::::::: 1
1
1
2
Wedding Breakfast (water
cress infection) r
]g
PoUnted spring water,
Polluted well water,
i
1
1
%
Possible oyster infection, ....
1
Driver abont town,
.*.'.....'!.....'! 1
1
History incomplete,
1
1
Total determined causes,
Unknown,
1»
47
sal
22,
24
14
I5l
71
an
Total
176
"1
S8
■1
itti
Water Sampling By the City and State Health Department in the Schuylkill River
Water District.
The water supply of the Schuylkill River Water District is obtained wholly
from the Schuylkill River. Here the first city water filtration plants were built
and from the beginning the operation of the plants has been successful and the
results as a whole satisfactory from a bacteriological standpoint. When filtered
water was first introduced into this district, sampling stations were established
by the city in different parts of the section. In this district no such change of
quality was observed as the water passed through the distributing system as has
been shown to take place in the Torresdale filter plant supply. Because of the
stability in quality of the water here, district sampling stations have to a great
extent been abandoned, so that at the present time the bacteriological work is
confined to the filtration plants and a few sampling stations. In the foUowinj;
tables are given the resiuts of analyses of samples examined at the Belmont
Laboratory from January 1st to the end of September. 1913. The results ob-
tained from each sample are not given, but the number of samples collected during
each month are shown, together with the number of samples of one cubic centi-
meter and of ten cubic centimeters that, on a presumptive test, indicated B. Coli
The only variation in this work is in the analyses of raw water when B. Coli
presumptive tests are made by using one-tenth cubic centimeter and one cubic
centimeter instead of one cubic centimeter and ten cubic centimeters as in the
case of filtered water.
CITY RESULTS-SCHUTLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICTF-ltlS.
Intake-Belmont Pumping Station.
Month.
January,
Pebmary
March, ...
April, ....
llay
Jnne, . . . .
Jnly
Angnf^. ..
September,
No. Bamplet ahowiiiB B. ObtL
0.1 e. e.
l.f c c.
sr
17
m
17
16
U
u
a
»
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1291
CITT RESri/TS— SCHUYLKILL RIVBB WATER DISTRIOT— ISIS.
Upper RoxboroQgh Water— Tap in AnxUiary Pump Station.
Month.
AS??'.::::
Jone. . . .
July
Septemiwr.
No. Samidet
Analysed.
No. Bamidet thowlnff B. Coll.
Ice.
10 c c.
CITY RESULT&-SCHUYLKILL RITBR WATER DI8TRI0T— 1913.
Upper Rozborouc^h Water-Tap at 530 Leverington Avenue.
Month.
July,*
SeptMnbtf',
•Flrat umple dated Jnly 7th.
No. Samples
Analyied.
No.
Ic. e.
la e. c.
U
la
0
0
0
f
0
f
CITY RE8ULTS-BOHT7YLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT— 1S13.
Lower Roxborongh Water-Filtered Water Basin.
Month.
Janoaiy, .
FebmaTTi
March. ...
fiS?;-..:::
June
July
September*.
No. Samples
Analysed.
No. Samples showinc B. Coll.
1 c. c.
10 e. e.
Digitized by
Google
1292
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
CITY RBSITLTS-SCHUYLKILL RIVBR WATER DISTRICT— UU.
Lower RosKborough Water-Tap at Green Lane and Fox Streets.
Month.
June,* "..
July ,
Angost.
September
*Fint aample dated June 2Bth.
No. SftmplM
AnalysMl.
No.
aODlL
Ice
Ifcc
CITY RESULTS— SCHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT— ISU.
Belmont Watei^-Filtered Water Basin.
Month.
No. Sftinplet
AnalysMl.
JftnnazT '
Febroaiy
Mwch I
iaS!\;/;;;/;;/;;;;;"/;;;.:::::::::::::-.::::::::::::::::::!
Jnne, ,
July
August, '
September, I
No. Samples staowlnt S. OolL
l»ce.
CITY RESULTS— SCHUYLKILL RIVBR WATER DISTRICT— Ifll.
Belmont Water-Tap at South Fortieth and Chestnut Streets.
Month.
May,*
June
July
SaptemW,
•Ftnt aample dated May 2Bth,
No. Sample*
Analysed.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1293
CITY BBStTLTS-SOHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRIOP— 1918.
Belmont Water-Tap at 6137 Vine Street.
Month.
Mty,"
June,
July
Aognst,
S^tember
•First sample dated May atth.
No. SamidCfl
Analyied.
No. Bamides Bhowinc B. Ooli.
1 c. c.
la c. c.
CITY BBSULTS-SOHUYLKILL RIVBB WATER DISTRICT-19U.
Queen Lane Watei^-FUtered Water Basin.
No. Samples Analysed.
No. Samples showing B. OoU.
Month.
Jannaiy,
rebroazy,
March. .
April, ..
Miy. ...
June, . . .
July. ...
August,
General Filtrate.
North Basin.
Booth Basin.
General
North
South
Filtrate.
Basin.
Basin.
Ic. c.
We, c.
Ic. c.
10 c. e.
1 c. c.
10 c. c.
18
18
U
8
8
8
a
7
7
0
0
0
23
»
9
0
4
17
18
18
0
1
0
ai
81
0
80
Vf
0
0
n
81
0
81
81
0
80
80
Because of the satisfactory condition of this supply and the comparative absence
of ^phoid fever in this district, the State Department of Health collected only
a few samples. The results as a whole were satisfactory. In the following table
is given the result of analysis of each sample:
STATE RBSULTS-SCHUYLKILL RIVER WATER DISTRICT— 1»18.
Raw Water Samples.
Collecting Point.
Belmont Pnmp Station
Belmont Pnmp Station. ....
Queen Lane Pnmp Station.
Queen Lane Pump Station,
Sbawmont Pump Station, .
Sbawmont Pnmp Station, .
B. Coli
per c. c.
640
MO
8.800
8.800
1.080
8,400
Upper Roxborough Filter Plant Supply.
Collecting Point.
Tap— 7610 Ridgway ATenue
Tap— Andora School,
Tap-C. A. Wray, Res., 806 Highland Ato., Chestnut Hill,
Tap— Obas. Clark, Rea., Lincoln DriTe 4b Harter St.,
BacterU
B. CoU
per c. c.
per c. c.
8
8
7
8
0
0
f
0
Digitized by
Google
1294
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
liower Rozborough Filter. Plant Supply.
Off. Doc.
OoUectixis Point.
Bacteria B. GbU
I per c. c. . per c. c.
Tft|>— J. M. Adams & Co.. Main & Dupont 8te., Manayunk I
Tap-Imperial Woolen MllU. Main ft B^r BtB. ManvmSr. . '. ::::::::" '
Tap-Llttiewood Mills. Main St. ft Walnut Lane. ManSunk .......
Tai>-S. lilndermuth, Res.. 15th ft Rockland Sts.. .TT....
American Pnll^ Co., 4200 WlasaMckon Aye
Tap— Power, migbtman ft Boeengarten. Main ft School Sts i
TaiH-Jobn Vaget Oafe-Wajne Are ft Berkley «t
22
IS
120
75
lOD
b'.
Mi
Belmont Filter Plant Supply.
Oollectlng Point.
Tap-^Oth ft Bfarket Sts
Tai^-S. 4«th ft Chestnut fits
Tap— Barber Asphalt Co., HR N. 80th St
Tap— Atlantic Refining Co.. N. 30th St. below Spring Garden St.,
Tap-P. F. Palrlamb Co., 116 S. ZOth St
Tai>— American Ice Co., S. 30th St. A Sprnce St
Tap— Penna. Reduction Co., S. 49th St. ft Schuylkill Riverr
Tap-Gulf Refining Co., S. 68th St. ft Schuylkill River
Bacteria 1
B.
Ooli
per e. c.
I
per c
c.
(
60
M
99
S5
ao
48
SO
50
Queen Lane Filter Plant.
Collecting Point.
f
Bacteria '
per c. c. ,
B. OoU
per c c.
Tap— A. T. Bteiflf, Saloon. N. 17th St. ft Allegheny Ave
35!
SP 1
1
Tap-Roblnson ft Crawford. Store. N. 16th St. ft Ontario Atc
Tap— Frederick Dueble, N. SOth St. ft Dauphin St
•
0
Dual Pipe Connections in the Schuylkill River Water District.
The industries in this water district are mainly confined to the river front, in
the Belmont district chiefly north and south of and close to Market Street, and
in the Lower Roxborough district along the river front in Manayunk. In the
first group there are fourteen plants among which three were discovered to have
dua'l pipe connections. In the upper group there are twenty-one plants with
eleven having dual pipe connections.
In the lower group dual conneotions were discovered at the plant of the Con-
solidated Dressed Beef Company. North Thirtieth and Race Streets, at the D. B.
Martin Company, Thirtieth and Market Streets, and at the West Philadelphia
Yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, North Thirtieth and Race Streets.
At the Consolidated Dressed Beef Company's plant a hundred and fifty men are
employed and supplies of well water and river water are used for cooling par-
poses, with the river water also usrd for fire lines. The city water is uiied for
drinking and industrial purposes. There was a six inch connection botwe*»n the
river pumps and the city distributing system in which a check yalve was placed.
With the pnmps operating in the fire lines a pressure of a hundred and ten
pounds was obtained, the city pressure being forty pounds. A* complicated ar-
rangement of piping existed at this plant, but the company, at the orders of
the dty authorities, made arrangements to separate the city lines from those
carrying the raw river water.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1285
The plant of the D. B. Martin Company is an abattoir where city water
was used for drinking and boiler purposes. River water was also used in the
fire mains and for condensing purposes, being pumped to two tanks on the
roof. There was a priming line between the two systems. This company com-
plied with the requirements of the city relative to severing connections between
the two systems.
At the West Philadelphia Yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad a six inch con-
nection existed between the city system and the iire lines, a valve and meter
being placed between the city system and the fire pump, which^ when operating,
raised the pressure of the river water to a hundred and ten pounds, the city
pressure being much lower. There was also a six inch city connection— pressure
fifteen pounds — feeding a reserve water supply and another six inch city con-
nection to the boiler house, connecting to the fire line. A valve and a check
valve existed on two of these lines and a valve was put on the third line. Cor-
rections were required to be made here within fourteen days, by the City Board
of Health on October 1st. 1913.
Eleven plants with dual connections were found in the Upper Schuylkill sec-
tion in the vicinity of Manayunk. The one farthest down stream is the Robert
Hay & Sons Woolen Goods Mill on Main Street, Manayunk. Here a six inch
pump suction extended to the river and a four inch discharge connected directly
to a four inch city fire main. Between this connection a check valve with a
drip was put in as a temporary measure of precaution.
Next up stream is the Littlewood Dye Mills on Main Street below Walnut
L4ine in Manayunk. Here there are two six inch suction lines from the canal to
the mill pump with the discharge leading to the reservoir, which also received
water from the city line. The city water was further used in emergencies for
boiler feeding. At this plant the city pressure was a hundred and twenty-five
pounds and the plant pressure about eighty pounds. A check and a drip were
put in between the connection and the plant was passed temporarily by the dty
authorities subject to a future definite policy respecting these dual connections.
A short distance up stream from this mill is the plant of the American Bridge
Company at Walnut Lane and Main Street, where a six inch city water fire line
feed connects direct to a six inch raw water pipe, with a valve and a check in-
tervening. A blank flange was put in this cross connection and the two supplies
in this manner separated.
At the plant of the Imperial Woolen Mills, comer of Main and Rector Streets,
Manayunk, raw river and city water were used, the city water here having a
pressure of a hundred and thirty pounds. The raw water is used for fire pur-
poses and the city water for the boilers and in emergency for drinking and
manufacturing. The information is not definite as to the remedial measures
carried out at this mill.
Near at hand are the McDonnell Paper Mills at the rear of Leverington Avenue and
Main Street, Manayunk, where there is a six inch connection between the dty
system and the raw river water system, both of which are connected with the
sprinkler system. In the mills two check valves had been placed and in August,
1913, the city authorities required the mill owners to put in a drip between the
two checks.
The Ripka Mill Company is located at the corner of Main and Carson Streets,
Manayunk. Through an eight inch suction to the canal the sprinkler system in
the mills was supplied. From the pumps three connections were maintained be-
tween with the city mains, namely, a four inch fire line, a three inch hose line and
an inch and a half supply line for general use. The river water supply has a
pressure of eighty pounds and the dty water a pressure of about a hundred and
twenty-five pounds. One valve shuts off the entire raw water supply from that
of the dty. The only chance of contamination here would be when the city
pressure dropped to eighty pounds at which time it would be equalled by the
pressure of tne raw water supplv.
At the plant of the Philadelphia Hydro-Electric Company, Umbria Street and
Schuylkill River, there was a small connection between the river and the dty
supply. This was severed.
The William Spink Mills at Nixon Street and River Road, Manayunk, at the
time of the typhoid fever outbreak, in 1913, maintained a four inch city line
in the plant for fire purposes. There was also an inch and a quarter dt^ supply
line on the boiler feed pump, which also had a three inch suction to the canal
but this was disconnected.
At the National Waist Mill, Nixon and Leverington Streets, a two inch and
a half suction pipe extended from the boiler feed pump to the canal and to this
pump there was an inch and a half connection to the dty system. This connec-
tion was broken.
At the Wabash Carpet Mills, located at the same place, there was a connection
between the city mains and the boiler feed pumps, which also use raw water.
There were two four inch city lines, one to the sprinklers and another for general
use. From the latter the connection to the boiler feed pump was made. This
cross connection was allowed to remain subject to further orders, with a drip
placed between the valve and the check in the cross connecting line.
82
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1296 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Regarding the remaining plant having a dual pipe connection, namely, the dye-
ins plant of G. R. Simister & Son, at Nixon and Umbria Streets, no definite
information is available.
Orders were issued at these various plants, requiring certain alterations to
be made to conserve the purity of the /:ity water supply and these were carried
out as already stated. Where temporary measures were permitted it was with
the understanding that further requirements might be laid on the owners when
a definite policy was determined upon by the city authorities with respect to the
dual water connections. From the results of analysis of water taken in this dis-
trict it is not apparent that the dual connections had any material effect upon
the quality of the water served through the city pipes.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE TYPHOID FEVER
OUTBREAK IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.
In the entire city from January to October, inclusive, 1913, there wjere 1,529
cases of typhoid fever. The details respecting these cases, and the separation of
them as to localities by wards and water districts have alreadv been carried out
in the various sectional reports. It remains to summarize and draw conclusions
and possibly formulate recommendations based on the results obtained.
The figures gathered are shown in concise form in tables that are to follow.
In this summary, as was done in the sectional reports, the city has been divided
according to the various water districts, this method being a convenient one
and also entering materially into the discussion of the epidemic. The first table
gives the record of typhoid fever cases for the entire city for a period of thirteen
years— 1901 to 1913, inclusive— the cases for the last mentioned year being given
for the first ten months only. In this table the number of cases only, are given,
without any attempt at distribution, and a study of the same clearly indicates
that there has been a marked decrease in the number of typhoid fever cases durinjc
this period. It is safe to say that much of this can be attributed to the general
use of filtered water throughout the city. Prior to 1909, when the Torresdalo
supply was put in service, the case rate was quite high, but beginning with this
year and in the years following, a very material reduction in the num&r of cases
ensued. At this time practically the entire city was furnished with filtered water:
St'MMARY OF TYPHOID FBVBB CA8B8 FOR THB ENTIRE GITT IMi-mS (IN0LD8IYB).
For 1913, January to October, Inclusive, Only.
Year. Cases. Year. Gases.
1901 3,750 1908 3.582
1902 5,017 1909, 2.441
1903 8,091 1910, 1,745
1904, 6,«13 1911 1,377
1905 6,181 1912 1,514
1906 9,746 1913 1,529
1907, 6,719
The distribution of the 1,529 cases for 1913 is next shown. Here the cases are
separated as to the months of onset and as to the geographical distribution by water
district, the population of the various districts also being shown:
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1207
O
1
(4
H
04
n
Ho
o
QQ
QQ
I
H
O
P
02
i
•X»P Ml I»»OX
•)81P Jd)V41 0P]8)I10 flMVO
'Piao^iiiads
13
s
'qSnojoqzoH Jaddn.
'qSnojoqzoH mmsti
*aavi tiMii^
*)aooix3S
•9uin ^BO
innog pav lu^nao
*iio)Su|tads
5
I
«s»§SS8gll9
-^ §
i-io««e*c4eoteoNo
«td«4io«oi-t^ia«n
lOMMaoWMO»^t0f>4
•eoAiotteo
l;;»8S;
••^'<'-?j;3aSSS
«i58i?|5338iS
:39»S^88^t8Q
82—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1298
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Considerable attention has been paid in the sectional report to the occurrence of
the eases and it has been shown that, generally speaking, the cases have been more
numerous during what has been termed the open season of the year, designated as
from April to October inclusive. This is shown in tabular form for the cases of
the entire city for a six year period 1908 to 1913 inclusive. For the last four years
of the period thus shown it is notable that the open season cases predominate, this
being particularly true for 1913 where eighty-eight per cent, of all the cases occur-
ring during the first ten months of the year had theii* onsets during the open
season of the year. This is significant when compared with the determined causes
of infection, which table will follow later and from whidi it is seen that nearly
fifteen per cent, of the cases contracted the disease outside of the dty. The table
showing the open season cases is given below:
Summary of Typhoid Fever Cases for the Entire City for Six Years During the
Open Season— April to October Indusive.
Cases.
i 1908
Total casefl i 3.662
Open season cases 1,746
Per cent, of total | 49.0
I 2,441
I 1.203
I 4».Z
1910
1.746
l.OU
59.2
ISll
i,n7
870
98.2
IflU
19U
1.B14 1,B»
8a 1«»7
66.2 I SS.7
Much time was expended in an effort to determine the causes of infection of the
cases studied. In many instances efforts along this line were unavailing. Often
the data respecting the case were meagre, this being particularly true with refer-
ence to the cases occurring in the earlier months of the year. In some instances,
indeed, there was scarcely any information of value of determining a possible
source of infection. Later, after the arrival of the State Health Department of-
ficers, this condition was bettered somewhat so that towards the dose of the investi-
gation each case was more thoroughly canvassed, with the result that it was pos-
sible to arrive at a probable source of infection in a great many more cases than
could be done with those occurring earlier in the year. At the instigation of the
State Health Department officers many of the cases were re-investigated by the
City Medical Inspectors and this often was productive of good results. It is
believed that, as a result of the State investigation, cases occurring hereafter win
be more thoroughlv gone into because of the training the Medical Inspectors secured,
mainly because of the insistence of the State Department of Health's officers on
accurate and exhaustive information.
After a careful study of all the available data, the following summary has been
compUed showing the determined causes of infection of typhoid fever cases occur-
ring in the entire dty during the first ten months of 1913. These are separated as
to water districts and the same general dassification is- here employed that was
used in the sectional reports. Of the 1529 cases, causes of infection have been
assigned to 645. leaving 884 cases of unknown origin. The summary is shown in
the subjoined table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1299
i
14
I
HP
^§
OR
H
C
c
M
o
P
Q
g
Pi
1
*tMTO ib;ox
gaea sa—a-'^-s
«»«O,H-03^««<«
V4«
CO
-;«IP ia)tMi apmno easio
;iH
.. ;;;:::: i*^:::;:::!:
j
j
•pi9B»iiiadg
1-1 J
: : ::::::::
i
1
1
1
'qSnoioqxoH Jadda
lO .«-4'<|> ,rH • .11 • . -N . .r-l . . • • • J
•
i
okr^riN ••:::::: I*" : i*^ ::::: :
:
i
•envi aaan5
j;;jrte^w **:::::: :^^ : : : :'-»'^'-« :
i
i
•^noniiaa
•jjeqoeia cnxo^ ;•» ; .^wwoor-ico ; : ; :
«:
V
5
•aavi i«o
g |ao j iH«»iHiH : :»-• ijj • • • • :»«» i*^**
i
1
q^nog pa« iwjoao
888" S— :S : :~
. . . . .r4 • ^eQOO .
i
•no»«ai«naH
8s;
^ 2 i-i'* ;aog<o I ;-*M ::::»*:: I'^rneaw
i^naii pnv piojiiavjj
S-^'
HtH tH ...•*• .
J • • • ; J J ;r-l
1
g
1
it
^;onuicis,
Not typhoid
Contact with river water:
River bathers,
Travelled on river boats,
Worked on Greenwich piers
Worked In Cramps Shipyards,
Drank river water
Wharf laborers
Worked on dredge,
Otherwise,
lili
J ::-::::. :
i :
: :
! il
1 1
ill
ill
'-I
\h
111
SAP
I :
1 •
1 :
|i
IS
Digitized by
Google
1300
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
s
OD
Q
'89810 I9)0X
•;8ip ja^vii api8)iio sasvo
*P[eg;8aiJds
'qSnojoqxoH JaddQ
o
«
Q
*qSao4oqzoH ja^MKi
^
►
pj
s
'aavq aaaii(>
"^
»
•iuoniiaa
•9ari 180
^
J
innog
pa* iw^udo
2
f
'ao^SiqmiaH
e
«»TOM
'OMVJ
pa» pjoj^uBjjt
I
s
p
§
a'*'^*
SS
MiH
•0
iHO
1-1
ea
S* S
ss
Si
§
F -
ilsY i
•r S(3 5 S
Digitized by
Google
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
lan
STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF TYPHOID FEVER IN 1913 IN DIS-
TRICTS OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE VICINITY OF PHILADELPHIA.
In connection and coinciding with the work of the State Department of Health
in PhUadelphia relative to the epidemic of typhoid fever there was carried on an
investigation as to the prevalence of typhoid fever, during the first ten months of
1913, in the metropolitan district comprising Philadelphia and the densely popu-
lated territory in its vicinity, in both Pennsylvania and New Jersey. An effort
was made to determine if the cause of infection in cases occurring in this district
could be charged to the dty.
The data following refer to typhoid fever patients at points in Bucks, Montgomery,
Chester, and Delaware Counties within a radius of thirty miles from Philadelphia,
whose dates of onsets were between January 1st, 1913 and November 1st, 1913,
and who at some time within thirty days prior to the given onset visited in Phila-
delphia.
The corrected list shows that of 490 cases studied sixty- two or 12.7 per cent, were
in all probability infected in Philadelphia.
They were distributed as follows:
County. Cases.
Bucks, 7
Montgomery, 18
Chester, 21
Delaware, 16
Total, 02
Of the sixty-two cases:
50 were reported in boroughs.
12 were reported in second class townships.
The use of water, either while visiting in or at work in Philadelphia, could not be
accurately determined for the reason that persons who had been ill prior to taking
tiie census were frequently absent and it was impoaBible to see patients who were in
at the time of the census. The assumption that Philadelphia water was the probable
means of infection is substantiated by the sex of the patients, seventy-six per cent,
of them being males, who are more frequently in transit; and, by the age periods,
as eighty-five per cent, of them were over fifteen, and, for that reason, more likely
to travd. A table showing age and sex of all cases follows:
TABLB SHOWING AGE AND SBX OF TYPHOID FEVER GASES POSSIBLY ATTRIBTTTABLB
TO INFECTION IN PHILADELPHIA.
Ages.
(►•4,
5-t
10rl4
16-19,
a9-M
2S.»
1044.
a6-3»,
«M4,
46-49,
60 or orer,
Total.
Male.
Female.
10
47
16
l\»taL
1
S
s
u
10
0
7
4
S
S
6
Those excluded from the appended list are Nos. 32, 35, 38, and 39, who were prob-
ably infected by eating water cress obtained outside of the city limits; No. 66, a
nurse probably infected by a patient under her care; and No. 06 who was exposed
to milk infection in Sellersville.
The available data respecting each case are noted on the tabulation sheets follow-
ing:
Digitized by
Google
1302
B31GHTH ANNUAL RKPOUT OK THE
Off. Doc
a
(l4
O
P
o
o
c
>
o
K
Hi '
H
8j:;5t*a asass^g**{8a;55?s;sa'*:3!§ •s asssasis s sssss
shsfcfc s::5^>)h:asbsssshssfesa ^a s^sb^ss ^ ssa
3^S
i^*^EE.bEE, asZ'<-<'<-<-<-<-<-<aaaaaaa
^-.oSSS8V23^.^.;5SSW §5,
^- ^-nsjgr
[>«««««
w9 vvwwvw kk bw^^
S" a SSSSSS 0 S9B
•B.
.B
hO*«faOfa o .fao
aa sagSao a acs
>o S9 op n.Sr
3a ^m ^m^S,i:^
^9 COd*.*
I»0 J^WW-**
U3 «0 t> 00 0> p rx
8?:§ia ;;;» ss^sssss u as^
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1303
1
Q
* 5
.• 1 K
I iSlll
« •< <l -K
u
S ft
I I
»5 -<
I
s
I
fit
to
4
s
5 . o
6 o
o a> V
2; ■<
iM 00 OQ
'W «« «*
45 5 a
lO lA to
OQ to OB
-fa
©'9
2; «;
o
ODg
Is*
III
S« OP a
?fe
■■Ss
aftgw
J
•"•- ODOO^-K^^t^
Sfit'
Biia fc a fcss fcfc'a fe'aaa aa^fcafc^ s sa^ *»»* fcfc'asaa
• ^--yi- o;5{ ffsaa * *
PS 3 O 090 OP'S 0555
.-oTStstsss a III II III!
^«
-^^^^^•<-i^ «< QQCQOO K
QQ dSocoGcnOO
?&&
b =b^ b=
H
ll 1 1 III 111 nil
£ £ s.s S'* ii.. iaas.ss a sas as ^.^>££^-
ggg.SSiS.9 g ^g.S giS SS^^Su
i
a^a
III r
il
I.
3,58
li 1 1 III ih nil
•jS 00 ao ao^oo tfHOD nCdOB
^mi i III 11 iilPi
Digitized by
Google
1304
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
OiE. Doc.
TYPHOID FEVER IN NEW JERSEY— NEAR PHILADELPHIA.
A detailed study has also been made of the occurrence of typhoid fever darins
1913 in that portion of New Jersey within a radius of approximately thirty miles
from Philadelphia, the purpose of which was to determine the relation, if any,
between the prevalence of typhoid fever in Philadelphia and its occurrence in neigh-
boring districts on that side of the Delaware. The study was confined to three
counties within a thirty mile radius including all of Camden County, nearly all of
Gloucester County, and over half of Burlington County, It is of interest to note
that all of the cases reported from these counties to the New Jersey State Board
of Health occurred within the thirty mile limit, although the extreme portion of
Burlington County is about fifty miles distant from Philadelphia.
This study was made with the consent and cooperation of the New Jersey State
Board of Health which supplied the Pennsylvania Health Department with all its
available data concerning cases reported. A census of every case was taken by
representatives of the Pennsylvania State Department of Health, and the follow-
ing report is based upon data so obtained, including all the cases, 221 in number,
whose onsets occurred between January Ist and about September 15th, 1913.
Two hundred and twenty-one cases of typhoid fever occurred in the three coun-
ties of New Jersey now under consideration, viz: Burlington, Camden, and Glou-
cester Counties. Of this number it was ascertained that one hundred and forty had
no connection with Philadelphia. The remaining eighty-one cases had some connec-
tion with Philadelphia whereby they may have become infected with typhoid fever.
Nineteen of these eighty-one cases were regularly employed in Philaaelphia . In
the following table is shown the probable origin of the 221 New Jersey cases studied:
SUMMARY OF ORIGIN OF TYPHOID CASES FOR THRBB COUNTIES IN NEW JERSEY-
JANUARY TO SEPTEMBER. 191S.
Origin.
Cases Having no Philadelphia Connections.
Unknown,
Secondary,
Imported
Polluted wells,
Bathing in river or creek, ...
Oloncester city water ,
PoUuted shellfish,
Raw Delaware river water.
Burlington
County.
Total,
Cases Having Philadelphia Connections.
City water,
Steamboat
Secondary
Oysters,
Unknown,
Water cress
Secondary to Philadelphia typhoid,
Unknown secondary
Imported
Polluted wells,
Gloucester city water,
Total, Philadelphia connections,
Total, no Philadelphia connections,
81
6
4
2
2
Camden
County.
Gloucester
County.
86
S
13 I
44
10 I
i I
1
2 1
10
1
4
6
1
Total, New Jersey cases,
54
128
12
Total
77
9
n
u
11
9
1
1
149
81
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1305
The distribution by counties of the eighty cases having connection with Phila-
delphia, and the months in which the onsets occurred, appear in the following
table:
NEW JERSEY TYPHOID CASES HAVING CONNECTIONS WITH
PHILADELPHIA. SHOWING
MONTH OF ONSET IN THREE COUNTIES.
Odtanty.
1
i
1
i
!
^
1
1
i
5
P
BurliDs^toDr
68.981
149.573
88.427
256.981
16
54
12
1i
1
3
0
1
1
0
~2
2
8
1
Hi
1
5
0
6
1
7
2
"lO
2
5
4
"ll
S
13
2
1
14
3
1
Camden
8
tiloncpster
0
Total
~
It is significant that amonp: the cases having connections with Philadelphia the
greater number occurred during May, June, July, and August, corresponding ap-
proximately to the greatest prevalence of typhoia in Philadelphia.
CONCLUSIONS: The detailed study of the facts summarized above indicates
that of the large number of cases which occurred in New Jersey, in the neighbor-
hood of Philadelphia, the source of infection of a great proportion was probably in
Philadelphia and suspicion points strongly in most cases to polluted city water.
RECOMMENDATIONS .
As a result of the detailed study of the outbreak of typhoid fever in Philadel-
phia, involving as it did a comprehensive survey of the city's water supply and
water works system, certain recommendations may be made respecting the
water works system which, if carried out, it is believed will result in greater ef-
ficiency and lead to a greater degree of purity in the public water supply. Even
during the investigation some of these recommendations were made orally to of-
ficials of the Water Bureau and were received by them with approbation. The
complete series of recommendations follows:
The old mud deposits in the Wentz Farm reservoir should be removed, the reser-
void disinfected, and again put in commission. Furthermore, this reservoir should
be covered to prevent algous and other organic growths which now cause seasonal
deterioration of the water.
The need of enlargement and improvement of the Wentz Farm high service pump-
ing station, standpipe. and system is imminent and the present is the proper time
to consider these extensions and improvements, plans for which should be prepared
and submitted to the State Department of Health for approval.
Additional storage capacity for Torresdale filtered water should be obtained by
an enlargement of the Wentz Farm reservoir or at some other place.
The city should collect and analyze at least hourly samples of the water at the
Torresdale filtered water basin and at Lardner's Point pumping station.
Moreover, the city should prepare plans, to receive the approval of the State
Department of Health, for an improvement in the method of pre-treating the water
at the Torresdale plant prior to its delivery to the sand filters; this improvement
among other things to include sedimentation of the raw water in order that the
yield of the sand filters may be Increased and the growing needs of the city met
without prejudice to public health. In this connection the use of a coagulant at
the filtration plant should be considered.
The chemical disinfection of the filtrate at the Torresdale plant is necessary at
present, but, as soon as it is safe so to do, the constant use of the disinfectant
should be discontinued, although the apparatus for introducing a disinfectant into
the filtrate should be kept in readiness for an emergency.
The apparatus for applying the chlorinated lime to the filtered water should be
improved to assure perfect contact between the disinfectant and all of the filtered
water; plans for this should be submitted to the State Department of Healti) for
approva..
Digitized by
Google
1308 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. l>oc.
Apparatus for disinfecting the water in case of an emergency should be installed
at the Lardner's Point pumping station and plans for the same should be prepared
and submitted to the State Department of Health for approval.
The dry chamber on the raw water emergency intake at Lardner's Point pumping
station should be constantly maintained in a dry condition.
The city authorities should forthwith clean out aU deposits in the Oorinthian
reservoir. Furthermore, a permanent disinfecting plant should be installed at this
reservoir and the application of the disinfectant here should be continuous under
responsible supervision whenever it becomes necessary.
The South Philadelphia District contains very large areas of undeveloped and
unoccupied territory. Many hundred acres of land are subject to inundation or
would be if it were not for the maintenance of dykes and tide-water gates. There
is a plan ultimately to fill in this low land as a part of the development of a larger
port of Philadelphia. If these plans which are now being shaped are carried out
it will open up for improvement within two and one-half miles of City Hall a dis-
trict of about ten square miles. There is no area with such possibilities within
such a short distance of the centre of any other American city. It is within the
bounds of probability that the population of South Philadelphia will be trebled in
the next ten years, that is that by the year 1925 over one million people will be
resident in South Philadelphia. This means that not only the system of water dis-
tribution will be materially altered from what it is now and extended, but that
large sums of money must be invested in utilizing the source of supply.
The project of laying a new water conduit along the Delaware River front from
Lardner's Point pumping station to I^eague Island Navy Yard has already been
given some consideration by engineers of the city and in this connection the project
has also been considered of laying a new supply main from the Torresdale filter
plant to an additional and new pumping station for distribution purposes to be
located along the banks of the Delaware River somewhere between Market Street
and the Frankford District and in support of this project it is urged that tiie
entire city should not be required to depend for ite supply of water upon one tunnd
from the Torresdale filter plant and one pumping station, as now at Lardner's
Point. If this system is to be continued, very extensive additions must be made at
Lardner's Point and a new tunnel or conduit must be provided from Torresdale to
the pumping station. Furthermore, the capacity of the Torresdale filter plant must
be increased very materially. It is held by very astute, experienced engineers to
be a wrong principle to rely entirely on one pumping plant. For instance, if an
accident should occur, as the blowing out of boilers, it is better to have two
pumping stations, one auxiliary to the other, so that the entire service of the city
would not be interrupted, and for analogous reasons it is held to be better in the
extension and enlargement of the water works system that the South Philadelphia
water district shall be supplied by independent mains and an independent pumping
station. Furthermore, in connection with this proposed development, additional
storage capacity as an auxiliary to the numping station is needed.
It is. therefore, suggested that the city should forthwith take up the considera-
tion of the plans for supplying the Central and South Philadelphia water dis-
tricts with an adequate supply of pure water and that these plans be studied in
connection with the development of the Kensingtown water district and the Torres-
dale filtration works.
Trouble is also experienced at the Belmont and Queen Tjane filter plants at times
of high turbidity of the Schuylkill River water. The facilities for sedimentation
are not always sufficient to relieve the preliminary filters of the abnormal load
placed upon them at such times, and in consequence not only the preliminary filters
but the secondary filters become overtaxed and the quality of the water supplied to
the public deteriorates.
The preliminary filters are not of modem dcsi^ and they do not perform their
work efficiently or sufficiently. Important changes and improvements are needed,
and in this connection the water should be thoroughly settled before going to the
preliminary filters and facilities should be provided for the use of coagulants at such
times as the raw water may need to be treated in this manner prior to filtration .
During the summer of 1913 the water at all of the Schuylkill River district plants
was treated with a disinfectant as an additional safe guard and permanent plants
for this treatment were being installed.
The subject is worthy of some investigation and these investigations can best be
carried forward by men employed to do nothing else, but until this be done it Is
recommended Uiat the city be advised to employ experts to make tests and to de-
termine the most practicable way in which to trfeat the Schuylkill River water prior
to its final purification in the sand beds and to submit these plans to the State
Department of Health for approval.
In the Oueen Lane district but not a part of it, is a large storage reservoir
known as East Park reservoir. A large amount of sediment is reported to be de-
posited here and it should be removed. Teats of the water collected bv both the
city and the Department show that there is a deterioration in the quality of the
water stored in this reservoir and this is attributed partly to the organic matter
accumulated on the bottom of the basins.
In general the reservoirs of the water works system of the dty were built prior
to the introduction of filtered water into the city and in most of them the crest of
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1307
the embankment slopes toward the inside of the reservoir facilitating drainage into
the basin. Public walks are in some instances carried on the top of the embank-
ment. At all of the reservoirs the city should either provide drainage facilities
adequate to prevent contamination of the waters therein from surface drainage, or
place the fences around the reservoirs at a sufficient distance therefrom to exclude
the public from the slopes draining to the basin.
It is advised that the Water Bureau continue its observation of the quality of the
water at the several stations with a view to enabling it to determine how and
where best to carry out the remedies suggested.
Under existing conditions absolute safety can be attained only by boiling the
Torresdale filtered water whenever it is to be used for drinking. A general warning
on this subject would serve to protect the public. Particularly should such a warn-
ing be issued, and at once and in emphatic terms, whenever any distinct deteriora-
tion in the quality of the water occurs.
APPENDIX I— WATER SUPPLY ON THE WHARVES, DOCKS, AND
FERRY AND OTHER BOATS.
During the investigation of this outbreak of typhoid fever in 1913, the question
of the water supply at the wharves, docks, and ferries, and also on the various
craft plying on tiie rivers was carefully considered. Sixty -seven of the typhoid
patients of this season had employment on boats or piers where they were likely
to drink river water, or, in a few instances, were passengers on river boats where
the drinking water was subject to contamination. The information gathered on
this point is contained in the report which follows.
At the wharves, docks, and ferries along the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers in
Philadelphia 24,800 men are daily employed in the various pursuits common to ship-
ping and navigation. Six thousand of these employees work along the SchnylkOl
and 18,800 work along the Delaware River front. On the Delaware twenty-seven
piers have no water supply and a hundred and forty-two have a water supply. Ten
of the latter are furnished with river water only, three have river and well water,
and eighty-three have river and city water, making n total of ninety-six using more
or less raw river water, relative to which some degree of menace to health must
exist. Forty-six of the piers use city water only.
At fifty-nine piers on the Delaware River city water is supplied to vessel for
domestic uses. Fifteen of these piers use city water only and the remainder have
both dty and raw river water. Of these remaining forty-four piers, using both
city and raw river water, are the twelve at the Cramp's ship-yard. Here city
water is furnished to the vessels for drinking and raw river water is supplied for
steaming purposes when the steamship leaves the dock. Placards prioted In six
different languages are placed where the men might get raw river water for drink-
ing, warning against this practice. From the forty -four piers using both city and
raw water there may be deducted twenty-five piers at the Port Richmond Ter-
minals of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company. Eiight of these twenty-
five are large, extending out to the Port Warden Line and here water is regularly
supplied from the city mains free of charge to the steam-ships. Seventeen of these
are short piers where coal barges and smaller vessels dock. It is inconvenient to
get at the city water hydrant here because it is at the bulkhead line. Nevertheless
barge casks are sometimes filled at these hydrants and in the aggregate much of this
water must be consumed for drinking purposes, although raw Delaware River water
is preferred. This leaves seven piers along the Delaware River, using both dty
water and river water, that supply vesselp with dty water for drinking.
On the Schuylkill River there are fifty-seven bulkheads or wharves. Four of
them have no water supply, two are not in use, leaving fifty-one that have water.
Of these fifty-one using water, one has artesian well and river water, one has river
water only, and twenty-four have both dty water and river water. Twenty-five
uae dty water only. At one of the latter places the dty water is refiltered for
drinking. At three of the twenty-four wharves using both dty and river water the
river water is filtered for industrial purposes, and jone pier has recourse to a spring
on the premises and the water is used for manufacturing processes.
At six of the wharves along the Schuylkill River dty water is supplied to vessels
At fifty-one of the wharves no water whatsoever is furnished.
Inquiries made at the fifty-one wharves as to where the vessels secured drinking
water brought out these responses: at fourteen wharves the vessels were said to
obtain their water from water boats; at four wharves it was said that the canal
boats get their supply from the canals above Reading ; at thirty-two wharves it was
stated that the barges get their water raw from the Delaware River, and at one
wharf it was reported that the barges take on water at the Richmond and Green-
wich piers.
Digitized by
Google
iao8
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. ]>oc.
Along the Delaware River, docking at the different piers, there are ten riyer
steamboats engaged in freight transportation, and eleven passenger steamboats
from which the drinking water has been sampled and analyzed by the State Depart-
ment of Health. Out of fourteen samples from the freight boats eight showed B.
Coli in one cubic centimeter. Three of these were Philadelphia. City water, two
were raw Delaware River water, one Salem City water, one Smyrna water, and
one Trenton City water. Out of eleven samples from the passenger steamers, two
showed B. Coli. One was Salem City water (it contained 300 B. Coli) and the
other was Trenton City water. A table giving the results of these analyses is ap-
pended.
These river steamboats, with a few exceptions, pay little or no regard to the
water supply. The water barrels are ill-kept. Carelessness obtains in bringing the
water aboard in buckets and through hose. The drinking cups are dirty and dip-
ping up the water is necessary under the arrangements. Dirty ice is sometimes
rinsed in the river at the dock and then put into the drinking water. Raw river
water is supplied to wash stands. Further analyses would probably reveal more
bacteriological evidence condemnatory of these practices.
On the wharves and piers as a rule little attention is bestowed to the subject of
supplying the d^kmen with pure water. Raw river water is too available. The
f amities for getting city water are not as convenient as they should be.
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF DRINKING WATER ON DELAWARE RIVER STEAMBOATS.
Steamtx)at.
Riverside
Tlnlcam
Admiral
Cit7 of Salem. ...
Franlde
Qreensborou£h. . . .
AUce
Gliristlna
West River
F. W. Brune
Adelaide
Prospect
OUo
Ericsson
Anthony Groves.
Jr.
Frederica
City of Wilmlnff
ton.
0it7 of Philadel-
phia.
Sprinjcfleld
Twlll^rht
Bristol
Service.
ON TEN FREIGHT STEAMBOATS
Philadelphia and Chester
Philadelphia and Chester
PhiladelphU and Mt Holly
Philadelpbia-Salem-Baltimore.
Philadelphia and Smyrna
Phiadelphia and Milford,
Philadelphia-Chester-Wilminirton. . . .
Philadelphia-Chester- Wilmington, . . .
PhiUdelphia-Chester- Wilmington. ...
Philadelphia and Trenton
ON ELEVEN PASSENGER STEAM-
BOATS.
Philadelphia-Salem-Bal timore
Philadelphia and Bridgeton
Philadelphia and Odessa
Philadelphia and Baltimore
Philadelphia and Baltimore.
Philadelphia and Frederica
Philadelphia and Wilmington
Philadelphia and Wilmington
Philadelphia and Trenton,
Philadelphia and Trenton
Philadelphia and Trenton
Bacteria Per OC.
Total
Count
BColi.
aoo
MD
eoo
2.400
260
2.40O
1.600
8.000
GOO
900
20
1.800
1.500
1.000
450
40
e,ooo
1S.O0O
40
1.200
200
100
6.00O
6.O0O
2.700
Water Soivply.
PhiUdelphU Ctty.
PhlUdelphia aty.
Philadelphia atr.
Delaware rivifr.
Chester City.
Philadelphia aty.
Philadelphia City.
Salem.
Smyrna (well).
Delaware rtrcr.
Wilmington.
Wilmington.
PhiladelphU City.
Trenton City.
fialem.
Delaware rlv«r.
Odessa (weUl.
PhUadelphIa City.
Baltimore CSty.
Frederica (well).
Wilmington.
Wilmington.
Delaware river.
Trenton City.
Trenton <3lt7.
On October 1st, 1913, John A. Vogelson, President of the City Board of Health.
Carlton A. Davis, Chief of the City Water Bureau, John Meigs, Assistant Director
of the Department of Wharves, Docks, and Ferries, Dr. W. O. Stinson, Passed
Assistant Surgeon, representing in Philadelphia the Federal Public Health Service,
a Lieutenant of the United States Revenue Service of the Port of Philadelphia.
and F. Herbert Snow, Chief Engineer of the State Health Department, boarded the
patrol boat of the Department of Wharves, Docks, and Ferries, to make an in-
spection of river conditions. During the course of this investigation the part^
boarded one of the water boats and inspected it. This vessel in company with
several others is engaged exclusively in the sale of drinking water to craft of all
kinds. It was found nere that the pump and hose attachment used for delivering
water from the boat to the vessel are the same pump and hose that are used for
pumping raw Delaware River water in which to wash down the dedcs. and the
pump further supplies the boiler on the boat with raw river water. The water
cylinder mav be filled with river water at the time the pump is started to raise tb«»
city water from the water boat to the water storage tank on the vessel to which
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. UMO
the sapply is being ffiven, thus making it possible and practically unavoidable to
pollute the water delivered to the vessel. Furthermore, it was found that this
same pump can draw water directly from the river and deliver it to the purchaser
if the captain should so elect and it is generally understood that some of the water
boat captains make a practice of mixing the raw river water with the city water.
Before the city supplied filtered water oftentimes the raw Delaware river water
was less turbid than the water available in the city mains and even now this condi-
tion sometimes obtains. It appears to be the practice that if a water boat were hailed
by a vessel and it had only a little water in its tanks the deficiency would be made
up by drawing directly from the river. The captain of the water boat visited by
the party insisted that he never followed this practice because he would suffer loss
of reputation in business but he admitted that there was nothing to prevent it being
done on his boat if his orders were disobeyed or if he chose, for any reason, to
depart from this rule. He did not hesitate to state that some of the other water
boats at times supplied a mixture of city filtered water and the raw river water to
vessels.
It was obvious that in order to protect the public health it would be necessary to
compel water boats to have separate apparatus, one for handling drinking water
and another to be used for other purposes.
The question arose as to how best to regulate the matter and whether the Federal
Government, the State or the city should act. It would appear that the city
coidd shut off the supply of water to the water boats or the supply of it to the
municipal piers free of charge as the case might be, unless the apparatus on the
water boat for the storage and handling of the water were acceptable to the dty.
Furthermore, the City Board of Health might establish rules and regulations com-
pelling the adoption of proper apparatus and requirine that the dty should furnish
water only to such water boats as were licensed— this license being issued only
when proper apparatus was provided— and city inspectors could follow up a system
of examinations on the boats and analyze the water.
It is recognized that such a regulation would not reach a case where a water boat
obtained its supply from a point out of the dty, for instance Camden, or where
the captain chose to take raw water from the Delaware, as such boats would be
outside the jurisdiction of the city of Philadelphia. To obviate this difficulty would
probably require the adoption of uniform regulations relative to the supply by both
the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
It might furthermore be necessary for the Federal Government to exerdse its
authority in the case of river steamboats and other vessels engaged in furnishing
drinking water and drawing it from the Delaware River, thus menadng tiie puln
lie health. Possibly the regulation covering such matters as relate to interstate
traffic might be applicable in such cases.
The port of Philadelphia needs, among other things, ample fadlities that will
assure a pure drinking water at all of the wharves, docks, and ferries to boats en-
gaged in business along the Ddaware and Schuylkill Rivers. This involves a super-
vision of the fadlities afforded for the obtaining, storage, and distribution of the
water. The dipping cup utensil should be abolished. The placing of ice in con-
tact with the water should be prohibited. Pumps, hose, buckets, and other ap-
paratus used in connection with the drinking water service, should be exdusively
used for this purpose, whether on water boats or vessel of any kind, or on the
wharves and piers. It should be compulsory for all owners or operators of wharves,
dod[S, ferries, and boats to provide pure water for drinking purposes in con-
tainers of approved pattern. All places where employees might obtain raw river
water with ease should be placarded with warning signs. The dual system of
piping which permits the use of drinking water or raw river water at choice through
the manipulation of valves, that is now condemned so far as the physical connec-
tion with the dty mains is concerned, should be condemned in any plant located on
shipboard. The two systems of piping should be separate.
There follows a detailed recitation of the facts secured by the State Department
ti Health's investigation as to the water supply at the wharves, docks, and
ferries, and those incidental to vessels docking along both the Delaware and Schuyl-
^Ul River in the dty of Philadelphia. By far the greater portion of the shipping
^rade is to be found in the Delaware River and here are located the large wharves
^r piers which extend some distance out into the stream. Many vessels dock here
innually, some being engaged in river trade, others in the coast-wise trade, while
still other vessds are employed in the transatlantic shipping business. There are
numerous ferry boats plying back and forth as well as various tugs and lighter river
craft.
The traffic on the Schuylkill River is more or less of an industrial type and the
wharves here are usually merely bulkheads. The depth of this river moveover, pre-
sents access thereto by the larser vessels.
The piers along the Delaware River are numbered in series, one series beginning
at Market Street and extending southerly almost to the mouth of the Schuvlkill
River, another series extending north from Market Street to Port Richmond*, be-
yond which there is a third series extending northerly to the city line.
At present the first series comprises sixty-five piers, the second seventy-six, and the
third twenty-eight piers, making a total of one hundred and sixty-nine piers along the
D^ware River. The south wharves will be discussed first The existing piers are
described in order.
Digitized by
Google
1310 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
SOUTH WHARVES,
Pier No. 1 is owned by the estate of William J. Thompson and is leased by
the Portep-Gildersleeve Company, a general contracting firm engaged in the col-
lection at the pier of dry refuse material, such as ashes and dirt used for filling
purposes chiefly in the low lands in the southern part of Philadelphia. No
offal nor wet refuse is accepted. All operations are supervised by the City
Board of Health. Four men work at the pier, these being negroes or Italians.
One chartered tug and six scows called deck-lighters comprise the shipping outfit.
There is no city water on this pier but a hand pump at the end of the wharf
is used to raise the river water for sprinkling the dry material to lay the dust.
The employees on the pier have access to the river water if they should desire to drink
it, but drinking water is carried in buckets to the pier from places near at hand.
Drinking water for the tug is obtained where convenient mostly from the city
mains, perhaps from the municipal piers. Between eight in the mommg and six
in the evening city water may be secured by tugs at the municipal wharves located
at the foot of Vine Street and at the foot of Washington Avenue. It is under-
stood that no charge is made for this city water. Notwithstanding this fact, it
is credibly reported that probably eighty-five per cent, of the tug boats get their
drinking water from the upper and lower reaches of the Delaware River in prefer-
ence to bothering with the municipal supply. If the city piers were kept open at
all hours perhaps the Tug Boat Association might be more successful in compelling
obedience to the rule to supply city water only for drinking purposes on tug boats
The deck-lighters owned by this company are operated without a crew and havt»
no water supply.
Pier No. 3, owned by the Philadelphia and Baltimore Steamship Ck>mpany, is
occupied by five lessees, namely, the Atlantic Fruit Company, the United States
Oovemment, Frederica-Philadelphia Navigation Company, the Milford Navigation
Company, and the Ericsson Line.
The pier has city water for drinking and fire purposes, but the fire hydrant
is not on the end of the pier out in the river but near the office and bulkhead line.
The city water service is metered. When the fire lines are used the city must be
notified. Approximately two hundred stevedores work on the wharf and the
water for drinking purposes is drawn from the fire hydrants.
The Atlantic Fruit Company has a line of six vessels engaged in the fruit busi-
ness between Philadelphia and the West Indies. No city water is supplied to th««t»
vessels for drinking. It is not definitely known just where these vessels get their
water supply in their northern port, but it is known that they secure a drinking
water supply at their southern ports.
The Federal Government has dockage rights at this pier for its revenue cutter
engaged in river work in the vicinity of Philadelphia. City water from the mains
on the pier is used to supply this vessel.
The Frederica-Philadelphia Navigation Company has a steam boat known as
the Frederica engaged in river and passenger freight business between Philadelphia
and Frederica, in Delaware below Wilmington. Two round trips a week are mad*>
but passengers are rarely taken aboard. The drinking water for this Tessel is
always obtained from an artesian well at Frederica and is brought aboard io
buckets and put in a barrel placed aft on the main deck. This barrel is equipped
with a faucet. Manufactured ice from Chester is also placed in the barrel. A
sample of water was taken from the barrel on October 24,* 1913. which upon
analyses at the State Health Department laboratory showed in one cubic centi
meter a total count of 260 bacteria with no B. Coli. The danger on this vessel
apparently lies in obtaining and storing the water. There is reason to believe that
the buckets used for carrying the drinking water on board are at times made
use of for general purposes on deck and may be contaminated with raw river water.
The placing of ice in the water is another menace.
The Milford Navigation Company has but one boat, the Greensborough, tn
gaged in freight business between Philadelphia and Milford, Delaware! Th»-
rinking water is obtained from the Delaware River at any place where it is
clearest, the water being dipped up in buckets and poured into a barrel which io
open at the top and kept aft on the upper deck. Ice is placed in this barrel
occasionally, there is no faucet and the water has to be dipped out of the Ynml
A sample from this barrel collected on October 24th, 1913, showed a total bacteri:^:
count of 900 with 20 B. Coli in one cubic centimeter.
The Ericsson Line has four steamboats only two of which were in service :t
the time of the investigation, namely, the Ericsson and the Anthony Groves . Jr
This company is engaged in passenger and freisrht business between Philadelphia
and Baltimore. The steamer Ericsson has a steel water tank in the hold with
a pump located in the galley. This tank is filled either with Baltimore or Phila-
delphia city water. Water coolers are located at convenient points about the boat
and ice is placed therein and drinking cups are provided. The danger here, ex
eluding any that might exist in the original supplies, is in the possibilitv rf
contamination of the water in the coolers through contact with impurities on th«
ice and through the use of the common drinking cup. During the course of the
Department's inspection gross carelessness in handling the ice at some of tb*'
piers was observed. At one of the wharves the ice was dragged across the dirn
wh&rf, split up into small pieces and placed by the dirty hands of the deck
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1311
men in the water container. In one caae at least a thirty -five pound piece of
ice was dipped in the river to cleanse it of mud after which it was placed in a
water cooler. A sample collected at the pump on October 18, showed in one
cubic centimeter a total of forty bacteria with no B. Coli.
The Anthony Groves, Jr., of the Ericsson Line has a small steel tank in the
hold fitted with a pump and, in addition, a barrel placed horizontally on the for-
ward deck. A hole has been knocked in the barrel and through diis water is
dipped . On this boat also the city supplies at Baltimore and JPhiladelphia are
used and the containers are filled either by hose or buckets, whichever is most
convenient. The hose may also be used for inferior purposes. On October 19th,
two samples were collected on this boat, one from the barrel and this upon
analysis showed in one cubic centimeter a total bacterial count of 30,000 with
two B. Ck)li, and another sample from the pump which showed a total count of
1,200 bacteria with B. Coli absent. In both instances the water was the Balti-
more city supply.
From the foregoing it appears that at Pier No. 3, providing the city water is
Dure, the danger to the public lies in the handling of the water after it is
drawn from the mains.
Pier No. 5 at the foot of Chestnut Street, owned by the city of Philadelphia, is
double decked. The upper deck is used for recreation purposes and the lower deck
18 leased by two concerns, namely, the Wilmington Steamboat Company and the
Delaware Kiver Transportation Company. City water is the only supply on the
pier, and is used for all purposes except in the office where bottled water is fur-
nished. About twenty hands are employed on the lower deck, but during the
summer time a maximum of six hundred persons visit the pier daily for recrea-
tion purposes.
The Wilmington Steamboat Company, otherwise known as the Wilson Line, is
engaged in passenger and freight business between Philadelphia and Wilmington,
Delaware, and intermediate points. There are four boaats, two in service, each
boat making two trips daily. They are named the City of Wilmington and the
City of Philadelphia, and are sister ships, duplicates in all details including
water supply. Placed on the upper deck is a steel tank which is filled with
water at Wilmington, Delaware, from the municipal supply which is filtered
Brandywine Creek water. No Philadelphia water is used. From the storage tank
the water is conducted by gravity to the foot of the stairway in the main saloon ,
where there is an ice cooler consisting of a coil pipe about which the ice is placed
The cooler is equipped with a faucet and there is also a bubbling fountain. In-
dividual paper drinking cups are available. On October 20th, a sample was
collected at the faucet on the City of Wilmington which contained in one cubic
centimeter a total count of 100 bacteria and no B. Coli. On October 24th, a
sample was collected at a faucet on the City of Philadelphia which contained a
total count of 1,500 bacteria and no B. Coli in one cubic centimeter.
The Delaware River Transportation Company is engaged in passenger and
freight business between Philadelphia and Trenton, and intermediate points. At
the time of investigation, three of their four boats were in commission, namely,
the Springfield, Bristol, and Twilight.
The Springfield obtains its supply of drinking water from the Delaware River
at a dear spot opposite Florence, New Jersey. The water is bucketed and poured
into a barrel placed vertically on the rear lower deck and provided with a faucet.
Artificial ice is put into the water in this barrel and a common drinking cup is
supplied. On October 18th, a sample was obtained from this faucet. It contained
in one cubic centimeter a total count of 6,000, B. Coli were absent. It is needless
to say that this supplv is a menace to public health.
The Bristol has a similar barrel on the lower deck aft. Trenton City water is
used exdusively and ice is placed in the barrel. Provided the Trenton water is
pure the danger of contamination of the barrel water lies in possible contamina-
tion through contact with dirty ice. A common drinking cup is provided on this
boat and on the Springfield. On October 21st, a sample was collected here and
contained a total count of 2,700 with no B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter.
The Twilight is supplied with the same water in exactly the manner obtaining
on the Bristol. On October 20th, a sample was collected from the faucet. The
total count was 6,000 and four B. Coli were present in one cubic centimeter.
Next down stream are the ferry slips of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway
Company. There are thirty men employed on the pier and on the boats. For the
steam heating plant on the pier raw river water is supplied by a small pump which
has no connection with the dty mains. City water is used for drinking purposes
and to supply the fire lines, the latter being separate from the drinking water
pipes. There is no water supplied for the public on the ferry boats, but the crews
are provided with Camden city water kept in buckets. On all of the boats raw
river water is used for washing down decks and for boiler purposes and, if the
employees so choose, they can drink this water, but it is not as handy on the
ferries as the drinking water supplied in the buckets.
Pier No. 8 is at tiie Chestnut Street freight station and is owned by the Phila-
delphia and Reading Railway Company, having 250 men employed. The business
eondncted here is the transfer of freight cars and approximately a hundred barges
are employed in this work. On these, freight cara are loaded and transferred
bad£ and forth by tugs to Camden and various freight transfer stations along
83
Digitized by
Google
1312 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
the river. The tugs, four in numbers, do not dock at this point. They are sup-
plied with drinking water at the Port Richmond wharves from the city mains.
On Pier No. 8 city water is the only supply for all purposes except in the office
. where bottled water is used. The drinking water lines are on meter and are
separate from the fire pipe lines. Raw river water is not in use on the pier
for any purpose.
Pier No. 9 is owned by E. T. and A. D, Warner and is leased by the George
W. Bush and Sons Company of Wilmington. Delaware, which operates the Warner
Line for freight business only between Philadelphia and Wilmington with a stop
at Chester. On the pier thirty men are employed. Bottled water is used at the
office, but otherwise the city water supply is furnished and used for drinking
purposes, there being no fire lines. From this wharf, three steamboats run r^^i-
larly each day. A tug and two barges for handling extra freight complete the out-
fit. The boats are named Alice, Christina, and West River.
The Alice uses mainly the dtv of Wilmington public supply and occasionally
some Philadelphia city water. There is a small cask placed on the upper forward
deck which is filled with water brought on board in buckets, ice being put into the
cask. There is a common drinking cup provided and the water has to be dipped
from the cask. A sample collected October 20th from the cask showed a total
bacterial count of 1,800 with no B. 0.011 in one cubic centimeter.
Water is supplied on the Christina in exactly the same manner. A sample col-
lected here on October 18th, showed a total bacterial count of 1,500 with no
B. Coli in one cubic centimeter.
The steamer West River is furnished with Philadelphia water secured from
Pier No. 9. On this boat there is a barrel fitted with a faucet on the upper after
deck and into this ice is put. On the lower deck there is a second barrel with
the top open and from this the water has to be dipped. A sample was collected
on October 21st, from the faucet at the upper barrel. This contamed a total bac-
terial count of 1,000 with one B. Coli in one cubic centimeter.
The menace to the purity of the water supply on these three boats lies in the
manner in which the water is stored and also the method of bringing it aboard in
buckets which may possibly be used for other and inferior purposes.
Piers Nos. 10, 11, and 14 are at the foot of Walnut Street and are owned by
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. These are transfer stations only and no
vessels dock here. From here freight cars are transferred to the other stations
of the railroad company along the river. There are seven tugs engaged exclusively
in this business. They dock at Greenwich Point. None ox the barges employed
has a crew, but a hundred and twenty -five men are employed at the piers. Botded
water is supplied in the office and otherwise the water supply about the wharves
is that from the city mains, no river water being used for any purpose. The drink-
ing water lines and the nre lines are separate and fire hydrants are scattered
over the piers.
Pier No. 16, owned by the city, is between Dock and Spruce Streets and was
only partly completed at the time of the Department's investigation.
Piers Nos. 18 and 20 are between Spruce and Pine Streets and are owned by
the Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company. Tbe Merchants and Miners
Transportation Company is the lessee and operates steamship lines between Phila-
delphia, New York, Boston, Savannah, Jacksonville, and points in the Oarribbean
Sea for both passengers and freight. OnW their own vessels, eleven in number,
dock at these piers where a hundred and fifty men are employed. River water is
not used for any purpose here, but the city water is supplied for drinking and
fire purposes, the lines being separated. Through the drinking water lines water
is furnished to the vessels which also take water at other stopping points. Bottled
water is furnished to the office on the pier. At the time of the investigation a
fire hose was used for delivering the water from the pier to the vessels but at
the suggestion of the State Department of Health the company proposes using a
special hose, lettered "drinking water hose," to supply vessels. Details as to the
storage and distribution of water on the vessels were not secured.
Pier No. 22 is near the foot of Pine Street and is owned by the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad Company. It is a transfer station for freight cars similar to those
of the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads, previously de-
scribed. Over one hundred barges are used in connection with this work and
there are two tug boats which dock at the Jackson Street wharf. Pier No. 81
south wharves. The Merchants and Miners Line vessels tie up at this wharf
for the transfer of freight only. Thirty men are employed on the pier and there
is no river water used for any purpose, but the city water is supplied for fire and
drinking purposes with the lines kept separate. In addition bottled water is
furnished at the office. At this pier no water is supplied to any vessels.
Pier No. 24, owned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, is leased and
operated by the Merchants and Miners Transportation Company for their Savannah
and Jacksonville freight steamships which vessels also carry passengers. Pier No
24 is used, however, only for the transfer of freight and on it one hundred men
are employed. The vessels docking here take water from the city mains whidi is
the only water supply on the pier. There are drinking water and fire mains here
but they are not connected.
At the foot of South Street are two ferry slips, one of which is the Delaware
River Ferry Company operated between Philadelphia and Kaighns Point. N«w
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1313
Jersey, by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, and the other is the
Gloucester Ferry Company operating between Philadelphia and Gloucester, New
Jersey.
At the slip and on the boats of the Delaware River Ferry Company, twenty-
four men are employed. No river water is used but city water is supplied for fire
and drinking purposes through separate lines and also for heating purposes. Two
boats constitute the service. Water for public consumption is not supplied, the
boatmen using water, kept in buckets, obtained from the New Jersey side of
the river.
At the Gloucester Ferry Company slips, there are three ferry boats and sixteen
men employed at the slip and on the boats. Philadelphia dty water is the only
supply at the slip. On the ferry boats, prior to about the middle of September,
watet drawn from a tap in the waiting room in the slip was supplied to the
coolers and iced during the summer, but this practice was discontinued about the
middle of September on account of the prevalence of typhoid fever in Philadelphia
attributed b^ some at this time to an infected public water supply. There were
two cases of typhoid fever among the deck hands on one of the ferry boats. Raw
river water is used for washing down the decks and for boiler purposes, on all
of the boats, and it is reported that the men at times use this supply for bath-
ing purposes. On October 18th, a sample was collected from the city water
tap at the Gloucester Ferry Station, Philadelphia, which upon analysis, was found
to contain a total bacterial count of 250 with no B, Coli present in one cubic centi-
meter. At the foot of South Street where these ferry slips are located there is
an eight foot dty sewer discharging into the river.
Pier No. 28 is owned by the Franklin Sugar Refining Company and leased by
the Independent Pier Company. Tramp steamers may purchase dockage privileges
here. Raw river water pumped from the sugar plant is used on this pier for
fire service, no drinking water being available except that brought on by buckets
from the dty service near by, a water boy being engaged for this purpose. There
is no dty water furnished on the pier, where one hundred men are employed at
times. The tramp steamers docking at this wharf are obUged to get their water
from river water boats or elsewhere.
Piers Nos. 30, 31, 32 and 33 are owned by the Franklin Sugar Refining Company,
and any vessel may purchase dockage privileges here. There is no water of any
kind at these piers nor are anv men regularly employed.
Pier No. 34 owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway . Company is leased
by the Independent Pier Company and operated by the latter which acts as general
agents at this port for the North German-Llovd Steamship Company and the
Austro-American Line. Tramp steamers also dock at this wharf on which at
times two hundred men are employed. City water is used on the pier for all pur-
poses, the drinking and fire protection lines being separate and there is no river
water supplied for any purpose.
The Independent Pier Company in connection with the pier operates three tugs
known as the Active, Neptune, and Triton, these last two being combined tugs
and water boats and furnish water to the ocean liners and tramp steamships
docking at the pier and possibly to other vessels anchored in the river. It is
not convenient for these water boats to secure water at Pier No. 34, and the
supply is obtained from the dty mains at the municipal piers at Vine Street,
Penn Treaty Park, and Washington Avenue respectively.
Pier No. 35 is near the foot of Fitzwater Street, owned by the Philadelphia and
Reading Railway Company, leased by the Independent Pier Company, and main-
tained for general dockage purposes and used by tramp steamships. There are no
r^ular employees here and no water supply.
Piers Nos. 36, 37, and 38 have been purchased by the city and the first two were
being demolished at the time of the investigation. Pier No. 38 was in use in
1913, while the city was completing a new Pier No. 38, which was put in opera-
tion in the fall of 1913. The old pier was used by the Philadelphia and Reading
Railway Company as a freight transfer station similar to its other transfer wharves
previously described. It had no general water supply but there was a small pipe
connection from the dty main to the office to furnish a supply of drinking water
both in the office and about the pier, water for the latter purpose being carried in
buckets from the office. Approximately one hundred and fifty men have been
employed here and the tug boats in service at this pier dock at Port Richmond.
At the new munidpal Pier No. 38 city water is supplied for all purposes, the
drinking water lines being separate from the fire service lines. No drinking
water will be supplied to vessels of any description and the pier has been leased
fay the Philaddphia and Reading Railway Company and is to be operated as a
freight transfer station.
Pier No. 39 is owned and operated by the American Ice Company, the only
vessels dodcing here are those loaded with ice from the rivers in Maine and the
Hudson River. City water is supplied on the pier for drinking purposes, there
being no fire protection and the vessels purchase drinking water dsewhere, pre-
sumably from the water boats.
Pier No. 40 lately purchased by the City of Philadelphia, was, during the
season of 1913, leased and operated by the Philadelphia Harbor Transfer Oom-
83—14—1915 ^ , .
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1314 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
pany. Here ten men are employed. There ifi no water supply on the wharf
and the employees brin^ their drinking water in buckets from faucets on the city
system nearby. This pier is to be demolished and replaced by a new one.
Pier No. 41, owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, has been con-
demned by the city and presumably was vacated November 1st, 1913. During
the season the wharf was leased by the Southern Steamship Company and eight
of this company's steamships dock here. They ply between Philadelphia and
southern points and are engaged in the freight business only. On the wharf forty
men are employed and city water only is supplied, one pipe line furnishing water
for drinking purposes and fire protection. The city water supply was also fur^
nished to steamships at this pier. These boats get an additional supply at other
ports. The southernmost port of the line is Porth Arthur, Texas.
Piers 43 and 44, owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, have been
closed during the summer of 1913, and were in the process of demolition. They
will be replaced by new piers by the city of Philadelphia. There was no water
of any kind suppHed to these wharves which are opposite the Christian Street
freif^ht station of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.
Piers Nos. 46, 48, 53, 55, and 57, are owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany and leased by the International Mercantile Marine Company, the local agents
in the Port of Fhiladelphia for the Southern Steamship Company, operating
a line to South American ports, the American line whose vessels go to European
ports, the Atlantic Transport Line plying between Philadelphia and Southampton,
the Holland -American Line and the Red Star Line whose vessels go to the Medi-
terranean and other European ports. All of these steamships engage in pasaenger
and freight transportation. The wharves are new and modern and extend out to
the Port Warden Line. On Pier No. 63 there is a United States Immigration SU-
tion. About three hundred men are employed on these piers and city water is
supplied for drinking purposes. Raw river water is piped in a separate line for
fire purposes, fire pumps being maintained and tested every night up to the re-
?[uir^ pressure stipulated by the Fire Underwriters' Association, which is from
or^ to seventy pounds in excess of the pressure in the city mains at this point.
It is deemed advisable and necessary to maintain pressure in these fire lines
and consequently there is a six inch pipe connection to the city main. On each
connection there is a stop valve and a check valve whose function is to prevent
the raw river water from flowing back into the city mains. If the check valre
leaked, the other valve being kept open, there was nothing to prevent the river
water from passing into the city mains. During the summer of 1913 the city of-
ficials required the company to install an additional check valve, to keep the stop
valve shut and sealed and also to construct a tank supported on standards. The
tank was put into service but the connection between the two systems was not
severed, the company contending that sufficient water could not be stored in the
tank for fire protection purposes before the city fire apparatus could arrive. The
State Department of Health maintained that additional pumping equipment should
be installed and the connection between the cit^ and the nver pipe line syatems
severed, this arrangement obviating any possibility of contamination of the city
water from the river and at the same time meeting the requirements of the com-
pany. Such an order was issued by the city officials and the company then pro-
posed to do away entirely with the use of any river water provided the dty would
extend a sixteen inch main existing in Washington Avenue to the pier and connect
it up with the fire line.
The only vessels docking at these wharves are those engaged in the business of
the various companies mentioned. They obtain drinking water from the city rap-
ply on the piers and also purchase it from the water boats, depending upon con-
venience. Recently one of this company's vesi^els was delayed three hours in sail-
ing owing to its inability to obtain a supply of water at the pier for drinking pur-
poses, the vessel being obliged to wait until one of the water boats could re-
plenish its supply from the city mains at one of the municipal piers, which could
not be accomplished until eight o'clock in the morning. Such an occurrence
materially increase the probability of the water boats replenishing their supply with
the raw Delaware River water and point to the necessity that the city establish
a twenty-four hour water service on at least one of its piers.
Piers Nos. 59, 60, and 81 are owned and operated by the Spreckels Sugar Refin-
ing Company and the only vessels docking at these piers are those engaged in th^^
sugar trade, hailing principally from the West Indies and South American ports
About one thousand men are continuously employed at the plant on the piers and
city water in small quantities is supplied for drinking purposes. The industrial
supply is pumped from the river and amounts to about forty-eight million gallons
daily. There is no known cross connection between the drinking and the rirer
water pipe systems. The vessels docking here are not supplied with water on the
premises but are obliged to secure it otherwise.
Piers Nos. 62 and 63 are owned and operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road Company as a freight transfer station. No vessels dock here and rbe freicbt
cars are simply run on the floats and transferred to other points along the
river. No Delaware River water is used and the onlv supply of water of any kind
on the piers is at the power house where city water is used for the boilers and for
drinking purposes by the ten men employed here.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1315
Pier No. 64 is at the foot of Tasker Street and is operated by David France
and Company, a concern engaged in transporting sand from the Delaware River
and Chesapeake Bay ports. The barges engaged in this business are the only
boats docking here and to each barge a crew of two men is assigned. It is re-
ported that these men are accustomed to use raw Delaware River water. The
tugs used for moving the barges are chartered for the trip. On the wharf twelve
men are employed and city water only is furnished, this being used for drinking
purposes and also in the boilers of the apparatus employed in unloading the sand
and no boats are supplied here.
Piers Nos. 67, 68 and 69 are owned and operated by the William J. McCahan
Sugar Refining Company which employs four hundred men at the plant and on
the piers. City water is 8U()pIied for drinking purposes and liver water for
use in the boilers, condensing and fire purposes and the daily use of this latter
supply is quite considerable. Only vessels engaged in the sugar business dock
at these wharves, mostly coming from West Indian and South American ports.
They are not supplied with any water at the piers but must procure it other-
wise, mainly from water boats.
Piers Nos. 70 and 72 are owned and operated by the Baugh and Sons Com-
pany which manufactures glue, sal-soda, fertilizer, and tallow, and collects
bones and waste pieces of meat from dty markets. They also render dead
animals. Four hundred and fifty men are employed and city water is supplied for
drinking purposes and the lavatories while raw river water is pumped to the
boilers and into the fire lines which extend throughout the plant and to the
bulkhead line of the piers. Well water is used in the manufacturing process. Only
tramp steamers and sailing vessels engaged in business with the company are per-
mitted to use the wharves and no water is furnished to such craft.
Piers Nos. 73, 74, and 75 are at the foot of Mifflin Street being owned and
operated by the Philadelphia Ship Repair Company, which concern repairs ves-
sels. There is a dry dock located between each two piers. The company em-
ploys one hundred and fifty men and there is no city or river water used by a
well on the premises supplies water for all purposes, this being used by the
employees on the piers and the crews on the vessels and the tanks on the latter
are filled from the same source.
Piers Nos. 80 and 81 are at the foot of Snyder Avenue, and are owned and
operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Pier No. 80 was de-
stroyed by fire about two years ago and has not been rebuilt, but Pier No. 81 j»
operated for storing coal and supplying it to vessels, twenty men being employed,
vessels of all kinds up to 5,000 tons dock here and take on coal, but no water
is furnished. City water is piped to the wharf for drinking purposes and river
water is used for the fire service lines, being pumped to a tauK and from thence
delivered to locomotive tanks for steaming purposes. The employees on the pier
have easy access to the river water if they choose to drink it.
Between Piers No. 79 and 81 there are numerous frame buildings of an in-
ferior lype occupied as dwellings to which drinking water is reported to be car-
ried from the well at the plant of the Philadelphia Ship Repair Company, raw
river water being used fpr washing purposes.
Piers Nos. 92, 93, and 94 are owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Salt
Manufecturing Company, seven hundred men being employed at the plant and
on the piers which are between Porter and Shunk Streets. City water is sup-
plied at the works for drinking and lavatory purposes and large quantities of raw
river water are used daily for manufacturing purposes and in the fire lines. It
is reported that the management has found employees drinking the river water
and warning signs have recendy been posted throughout the works cautioning the
men of the danger in using this supply. This concern manufactures sulphuric
add, alums, and various copper compounds and the only vessels docking here are
the local and foreign ones having business with the company. Under the existing
piping conditions, if water were taken on board the vessel it would be drawn
m>m the fire hose but this practice is prohibited. It is reported that the river
water used in the process of manufacture is first subjected to treatment of some
sort. This company is the Inst concern to receive city water located south along
the Delaware River.
Pier No. 108 is near the foot of Bigler Street, owned by the estate of Adam
Louth and leased by the General Manufacturing Company which concern manu-
factures fertilizer, using for this purpose refuse from markets, bones, and dead
animals. The locality is remote from habitations and about fifty men are employed.
This is below the region of city water supply and water from a well located on
the premises is used for drinking and manufacturing purposes. River water under
pressure \b suppli^ to a fire hydrant at this plant from an adjoining pier occupied
by the American Agricultural Chemical Company. Barges under tow bring the
raw material from various points along the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers and
are the only vessels using this wharf on which there is no water.
Piers Nos. 104 and 105 are owned and operated by the American Agricultural
Chemical Company which conducts a fertilizer and arid plant employing two hun-
dred men. The raw material is of the same character as that used at the General
Manufacturing Company's plant on Pier No. 103 and is delivered on barges and
by wagons. There is no city water here but there are two drilled wells on the
premises reported to have been abandoned. Raw river water is distill^ and ^
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1316 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OiE. I>oc.
furnished for drinking purposes and the river water without distillation is used
for manufacturing and nre purposes. On the piers there is no water. Local and
foreign vessels having business with the company are the only ones using the
wharves. A case of typhoid fever occurred at this plant early in the spring
of 1913.
Piers Nos. 106 to 111 inclusive, known as the Greenwich Coal Piers, are owned
and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad CJompany, five hundred men being
employed. Here coal is loaded on all kinds of vessels for transportation or as
fuel. There are no dwellings in this vicinity and no dty water, the
only water supply at the piers coming from the Delaware River and is used
in its raw state for all purposes except in the office where the employees drink only
water from melted ice. The river water is pumped into the lire nmins on the
piers and into the water tanks whence the suppQr goes to the locomotives and
to a system of boilers connected with the hoisting machinery. Taps are placed
on the pipe lines and the men drink water drawn from the faucets. No water is
permitted to be supplied from the piers and vessels or boats while coaling here are
frequently furnished with water from the water boats. It is known that there
were several cases of typhoid fever among the workmen on these piers.
The next two piers are not numbered. They are owned by the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company and are at Greenwich Point a quarter of a mile below Pier
No. Ill, and between Hoyt Street and Pattison Avenue. The upper of the two
wharves is known as Point House wharf and is an unloading point lor lumber and
railroad ties. The lumber is brought to the wharf by vessels engaged in coast-
wise trade. Car tracks extend out to the end of the pier. There is no drinking
water on the pier nor do vessels take on any water from this wharf. Fire pro-
tection is afforded by a supply of river water furnished from the adjoining creo-
soting plant. The employees at the wharf comprise train and vessel crews.
The next pier and the last one down stream is similar to a bulkhead and on
it is located the Pennsylvania Railroad Company's creosoting plant in which
railroad ties are subjected to a creosoting treatment. There are forty men
regularly employed on this pier. They reside in two dwellings provided for the
purpose and located near by. The drmking water supply is £rom a drilled well.
River water is pumped to a tank and flows thence to the steam boiler plant from
which it flows by gravity to the office building, here being used for lavatory pur-
poses and also to the two residences located near the bulkhead where it is also
used in the lavatories. The well water must be pumped bv hand and carried in
buckets to the place of use. The river water as it comes nrom the taps is some-
times quite hot. Probably the employees find it more convenient to drink the
river water which is at hand than the well water that must be carted or carried.
No vessels are furnished with water at this wharf. One of the employees at this
plant was a typhoid fever case.
NORTH WHARVES9 TO PORT RICHMOND.
At the foot of Market Street are located the Market Street ferry slips owned
and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company where one hundred men are
employed and from which six ferry boats ply between Philadelphia and Camden.
Prior to the fall of 1913 there was a dual water connection on the slips. The
drinking water from the city mains was supplied throughout the station and
for lavatory purposes. The raw river water was pumped into the fire lines and
used for flushing the toilets. There was a four inch pipe connection between
the two pipe systems provided with a gate valve kept open and a check valve set
against the river supply. As a temporary measure, by order of the City Water
Bureau, an additional check valve and a drip were placed on this cross connection
and later a complete severence of the two systems was accomplished. In this sta-
tion penny drinking cups are used and on the ferry boats no water is supplied
to the public.
Pier No. 1 adjoins the Market Street Ferries. It is owned by the Girard
Estate; Pier No. 2 is owned by the same estate; Pier No. 3 is owned by tlie
estate of Thomas Clyde. The Clyde Steamship Company leases and operates
these three wharves, maintaining steamship lines between Philadelphia and New
York, Boston and New England ports and to Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Ri<^-
mond. Vs., freight only being handled at the Philadelphia piers. Approximately
six hundred men are employed at the three piers and city water is provided for
all purposes except at the offices where bottled water is furnished. No river water
whatever is used nor is any water furnished to vessels at the wharves. It is un-
derstood that the steamships docking here at times secure water from the lower
reaches of the Delaware Kiver and use it raw for culinary and drinking par>
poses. No samples were collected on any of these vessels.
Pier No. 4, at the foot of Arch Street, with twenty employees, is owned bj
the city of Philadelphia and leased to six different companies as follows: the
Chester Shipping Company, the Philadelphia-Rancocas-Mt. Holly Transportation
Company, the Bridgeton Steamship Company, the Odessa Steamboat Company, tlie
Smyrna Steamboat Company, and the Philadelphia and Salem Freight Company.
On the wharves city water is used for drinking and fire purposes, and at die
bulkhead lines there is a hand pump to raise raw river water into the warii
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1317
stands for the men, this being the only use to which the raw river water is ap-
plied on the wharf. Bottled water is used in the offices. There is no restric-
tion resardins the takin^^ on of city water from hydrants on the pier and it^ is
reported that this is practised by the vessels having docking privileges, the practice
being confined to only such vessels.
The Chester Shipping Company ordinarily operates three river steamers, for
freight only, between Philadelphia and Chester, two of which, the Riverside and
the Tinicum, were in service at the time of the investigation. The Riverside
has a porcelain lined ice cooler fitted with a faucet located in the saloon. Ice
is plac^ in contact with the water which ordinarily is the Philadelphia city
supply carried on board from the pier in buckets. Occasionally the public supply
at Chester is used, and in emergencies the raw Delaware River water is dipped
up. There is a common drinking cup at the water cooler. On the upper deck
aft, at the galley, there is placed a barrel with open top. This is kept filled
with raw Ddaware River water for culinary purposes. When the supply of water
in the water cooler in the saloon becomes dencient water is dipped from this
barrel for drinking purposes. On the lower main freight deck a small cask with
an open top is kept filled with either Philadelphia or Chester city water. On the
day of the Department's inspection an old tin can was found at this cask, used
by the deck hands as a drinking utensil, the water being dipped from the cask.
On October 18th a sample of water was collected at the water cooler, this was
the Philadelphia city supply and upon analysis showed a total bacterial count
of three hundred with one B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter. A duplicate
of this sample was secured on October 20th and in this the total count was 140
with no B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter. Also on October 20th a sample
was taken from the barrel at the galley; this was raw Delaware River water and
contained a total bacterial count of 2,400 with eight B. Coli present in one cubic
centimeter. On the same dav a sample collected from the small cask containing
the Philadelphia city water showed a total bacterial count of fiOO with no B. Coli
present in one cubic centimeter.
The steamer Tinicum also has a water cooler in the saloon supplied with either
Philadelphia ' or Chester City water; here ice is placed in contact with the water
and a common drinking cup is provided. On October 18th a sample was collected
from this container, this being the Chester City supply, and upon analysis showed
a total bacterial count of 250 with no B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter.
The Philadelphia-Rancocas-Mt. Holly Transportation line, popularly known as
the Van Sciver line, operates one steamer, the Admiral, for freight purposes only
between Philadelphia and Mt. Holly, N. J., and intermediate points. On this
steamer there is a covered barrel fitted with a faucet located on the rear upper
deck. Philadelphia City water only is used, ice being put in the same barrel. On
the day this boat was Inspected, October 18th, a deck hand was observed dragging
two cakes of ice over the dirty pier ; he then immersed them in the raw river water
to wash off the mud, after which they were placed in the barrel containing the
drinking water. A sample of water was collected from this barrel after the
ice had been placed therein, which upon analysis showed a total bacterial count
of 1,400 and two B. Coli in one cubic centimeter. Two days later a duplicate
sample was secured at which time no ice was in the barrel; this showed a total
bacterial count of 1,500 and no B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter.
The Bridgeton Steamship Company operates one steamer, the Prospect, for
freight and passengers between Philadelphia and Bridgeton, N. J. On this boat
there is a small open cask, placed on the lower deck. A common drinking cup
is provided and water must be dipped from the cask. The supply is raw i)ela-
ware River water taken from the stream near the city of Chester opposite Lin-,
coin Park, N. J. The Captain claims that this water is free from sewage pollu-
tion being collected in the East Channel near the New Jersey coast. When in-
spected the cask was found to be in an abominable condition, it evidendy not
having been cleaned out for a long time, the bottom being slimy. A sample was
collected from this cask in which the total bacterial count was 16,000 but was
negative for B. Coli in one cubic centimeter.
The Odessa Steamboat Company operates one steamer, the Clio, for freight and
passengers between Philadelphia and Odessa, Delaware. The water supply is kept
in an open barrel on the upper deck aft and most be dipped out of the barrel. The
supply is procured from a drilled well at Odessa. On October 21st a sample
was obtained from this supply and found to contain a total bacterial count of
240 with no B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter.
The Smyrna Steamboat Company operates one steamer, the Frankie, plying
for freight purposes only between Philadelphia and Smyrna, Delaware. On the
lower deck aft the water barrel is horizontally placed. A hole has been sawed
in the top of the barrel and covered with canvass. Here a drinking dipper is
provided. The supply for this barrel ia procured from a dug well near the dock
at Smyrna. On October 2l8t a sample was collected and showed a total bacterial
count of 600 with two B. Coli present in one cubic centimeter. When inspected
the deck and the barrel were found to be in a filthy condition.
The Philadelphia and Salem Freight Company operates two steamers, the City
of Salem and the Adelaide, for passengers and freight plying between Philadelphia
and Salem, N. J., and Baltimore, Md. The City of Salem has a barrel on the
upper forward deck placed horizontally with a hole sawed in the top and a tin
Digitized by
Google —
1318 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
can attached to a string suspended in the water. On October 18th a sample was
collected « this being the Salem water supply and found to contain a total bac>
terial count of 8,000 with one B, Coli present. Occasionally the Baltimore City
water is used on this boat.
The steamer Adelaide has its drinking water supply in a covered barrel fitted
with a faucet located aft on the lower deck. A common drinking cup ia pro-
vided and water from Salem is the supply always used. Manufactured ice from
Philadelphia is put into the water. A sample collected on October 20th showed
serious contamination, the total bacterial count being 6,000 with 300 B. Coli
present in one cubic centimeter.
In addition to the vesels described above there are three other steamers docking
at Pier No. 4 during the summer season, from May to September. These are
the Sylvan Glen and Sylvan Dell of the Washington Park Amusement Company
plying between Philadelphia and Washington Park, N. J., and the steamer Co-
lumbia operated daily for excursion purposes by the Columbia Steamship Com-
pany between Philadelphia and Trenton. At the time of the Department's in-
spection the summer excursions were over.
The captain of the steamer Columbia while in command of a tug boat plying
on the nver, prior to his engagement with the steamer Columbia, was strickea
with typhoid fever. The son of the proprietor of the Van Sciver line came down
with typhoid fever during the season of 1913, being then employed as purser on the
steamer Admiral. The Delaware River water was taken aboard at that time for
drinking purposes.
Pier No. 5 is occupied by the United Fruit Company of Boston and the Lebanon
Navigation Company, the former having fourteen steamers in commission, the
latter being engaged in freight and passenger business between Philadelphia and
Lebanon, Delaware, and intermediate points. The United Fruit Company's yes-
sels, carrying both passengers and freight, are engaged in the fruit business and
ply between Philadelphia and West Indian ports. On the wharf 150 men are
employed and city water is used for drinking and fire purposes and raw
river water is pumped to the boilers at the heating plant. The vessels of these
two companies are furnished with city water from the hydrant on the pier and
no other vessels dock at this wharf.
Pier No. 8 is owned by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company and has three
lessees, viz: the Sun Oil Company, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and
the Harbor Transfer Company. There are sixty men employed on the wharves
and there is no water supply whatever. The Sun Oil Company uses the pier to
dock its lighters which have no crew nor water supply. The Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania has dockage privileges for the Harbormaster's patrol boat, which
is supplied with water from the city main at the Race Street municipal wharf.
The lighters of the Harbor Transfer Company dock at this wharf.
Pier No. 10, at the foot of Race Street, is owned by the City of Philadelphia
which docks two city fire boats here and leases the remaining privileges to the
Cuneo Importing Company and the Trenton Transportation Company. On the
pier thirty men are employed and city water is used for all purposes, there beinir
no use whatever of the river water. The upper deck of Pier No. 10 is used
for recreation purposes.
The Cuneo ImportingCompany operates six steamers for freight only between
Philadelphia and the West Indies. These vessels take on water for drinkinr
purposes directly from the wharf hydrant. River water boats are also permitted
to obtain the city water supply at this wharf and occasionally do so bat the
facilities for tying up are not very convenient.
The Trenton Transportation Company operates four freight barges between
Philadelphia and Trenton. They secure water at Pier No. 10 and also at Trenton
The captain of one of the steam barges, the F. W. Brune, when interviewed by a
Department officer stated that he had a prejudice against the Philadelphia City
water and used the Trenton water only. The supply is kept in an open barrel
on the lower deck. There is a common tin dipper. On October 2l8t a sample was
collected and showed a total bacterial count of 450 with 40 B. Coll present in
one cubic centimeter.
Pier No. 11, owned by the City of Philadelphia, and Pier No. 12, owned by the
Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, are leased
by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company for general freight transportation
purposes. This company docks its floating barges here. These barges carrv no
crews nor water supply. On the pier seventy -five men are employed and'citr
water is supplied for all purposes, no other being available.
Practically the same conditions obtain on Piers Nos. 13, 14, and 15, owned and
operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a general freight transfer sta-
tion with 380 employees.
At the foot of Vine Street are the Vine Street ferrv slips owned by the Penn-
sylvania Railroad Company from which three ferry boats are operated between
Philadelphia and Wood Street, Camden. Thirty-four men are employed. Citv
water is furnished on the slips for fire and domestic purposes and river water ^
used at the heating plant but there is no connection between the two systems No
public water supply is furnished on the ferry boats, the crews drinking Camden
City water brought aboard in buckets,
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. ISW
Pier No. 19, known as the Vine Street wharf, owned by the City of Phila-
delphia, is new and the largest pier in the city. On it four hundred men are
employed and here is located "a United States Immigration Station. City water is
used for all purposes. The wharf is leased to the Italian Lines Company operat-
ing ten steanuBhips in connection with the Italian Companies (Navigazione Generale
Italiana, La Veloce, Lloyd Italiano) sailing from Philadelphia to New York,
Genoa, and Naples, and also to the Philadelphia and New Orleans Transporta-
tion Company, operating three freight steamers between Philadelphia, Charleston,
and New Orleans. The vessels of this latter company are not permitted to take
water from any other point than Philadelphia where they obtain it from the
hydrant on the pier. The Italian Lines get water at this pier and also at foreign
ports. Permission is granted the river boats to draw a supply from the hydrants at
this pier.
Pier No. 24, at the foot of Callowhill Street, is owned by the Philadelphia and
Reading Railway Company and leased to the Allan Steamship Company which
operates three steamers for freight and passenger traffic between Philadelphia
and St. Johns, Halifax, Glasgow, and Liverpool. Two hundred men arc employed
on the wharf and dty water only is suppliea here and used for aU purposes. At
times the steamships take water from the hydrants on this pier, again buying
water from water boats and securing still another supply at other ports.
Pier No. 25, owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, is
leased to the Philadelphia Transatlantic Line and to the Bull Line, the former
operating four steamers for freight only between Philadelphia and Ijondon and
the latter operating four steamers for freight only between Philadelphia and Leith,
Scotland. At the wharf two hundred men are employed and city water is used
for all purposes. This is solely an import pier, the export pier being at Port
Richmond where the vessels take on city water.
The next Pier, No. 27, also owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway
Company, is leased to the Holland- America Line operating four steamers for
freight only between Rotterdam and Philadelphia, and to the Scandinavian
Line with four steamers carrying freight only between Philadelphia and Copen-
hagen. Here two hundred and fifty men are employed and city water is used
for all purposes. This is solely an import pier, the vessels taking on city water
at Port Richmond.
The Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company owns also Nos. 29 and 30,
which are used exclusively for storage and are known as the Apple Yard. . No
boats dock here nor is any water supplied except city water in the offices. Twenty
men are employed.
Pier No. 31 near the foot of Green Street, owned by George H. Kydd, is
leased exclusively for the storage of salt. No boats dock here. There is no water
on the wharf, twenty men are employed and drinking water for the office must
be broiight in by buckets from city faucets.
The City of Philadelphia owns Pier No. 32 which is leased to the George W.
Kugler and Sons Company, lumber dealers. Ten men are employed and their
drinking water is obtained in buckets from faucets in the neighborhood no water
being piped on the pier. Barges under tow bring in the lumber and dock at this
pier.
Piers Nos. 33 and 34 are owned by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company,
and to this tramp steamers, schooners, and tow barges bring ties, stone, and sand,
no other vesels docking here. There is no water on the pier and drinking water
supplies for the thirty men employed here must be obtained elsewhere.
Pier No. 35, at the foot of Fairmount Avenue, is owned by the City of Phila-
delphia and leased to the Cornworth Bell Company, general lumber dealers, who
employ twenty men. There is no water on the pier and drinking water is brought
in in buckets from dty faucets of the neighborhood. Lumber barges dock here
but do not take on water at this place, securing it otherwise.
Pier No. 35} belongs to the estate of Thomas H. Powers and is leased to the
American Ice Company. Sailing vessels bring in ice from the Hudson River and
the State of Maine. Fifty men are employed at the wharf and city water is sup-
plied for drinking, and raw river water for fire purposes, this water being placed
m open barrds located at suitable points about the pier. A bucket may he found
at each barrel. The vessels get their drinking water from water boats.
Pier No. 36 is owned by the Thomas H. Powers Estate and is leased to Charles
F. Felin and Company, engaged in a general lumber business. Ten men are em-
ployed and the same conditions as to water supply obtain here as at Pier No.
354. Various steamers, sailing vessels, and barges bring in the lumber.
Piers Nos. 37 and 38 are near the foot of Poplar Street. They are owned by
Edwin W. Henson and Clayton W. Nichols who condnrt a general lumber busi-
ness. There is no water on Pier No. 37, but on Pier No. 38 city water is sup-
plied for all uses and bottled water is used in the office. Forty men are employed.
Various kinds of vessels bring in lumber but are obliged to get their water else-
Digitized by
Google
i3i6 iSlGflTH ANNUAL REt'ORT OB* THE Otf . Doc.
where as there are no facilities at the wharf for taking on water. It would be
inconvenient to carry the water aboard in buckets because of the long walk;
water boats probably get the business.
Pier No. 39 is owned by Clavton W. Nichols , who operates a box factory on
it, ten men being employed. The wharf is supplied with city water for drinking
and there is also a fire hydrant at the bulkhead line. On the pier barrels filled
with raw river water are placed and fire buckets provided. The vessels bringing
the lumber in cannot get water here and it is reported to be the custom of the crew
of the barges to take raw Delaware River water aboard near Wilmington.
Pier No. 40 is owned by the Terminal i^and Company and leased by the Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad Company. It is used as a freight transfer station, only
float barges docking here. Twelve men are employed and dty water is supplied
for all purposes on the pier, but no water is supplied to tugs. The barges carry
no crew.
Pier No. 41 is owned by the Electric Traction Company and leased by the
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. Only coal barges dock here. Seven
men are employed and there is no water on uie pier. Bottled water is supplied
at the office.
Pier No. 42 is owned by W. S. Taylor and CM. Betz, and leased bv Charles
F. Felin and Company for general lumber purposes. Sixty men are employed and
dty water is supplied for drinking and there is also a city fire hydrant at the
bulkhead line. About the wharf are many open barrels filled with raw river
water and provided each with a fire bucket, tfottled water is furnished at the
office. The various vessels bringing in lumber obtain their water from water boats.
Pier No. 43 is owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company and
is known as the Laurel Street Freight Station. Two men are employed here in
the capadty of watchmen. City water is supplied for all purposes. AU kinds of
vessels dock at the wharf, the smaller vessels tying up dose enough to the bulk-
head to take on city water. The larger vessels rely on the water lK>ats.
Pier No. 44 is owned by Edward B. Malone and is leased by Watson Malone
and Sons for a general lumber, sand, and stone business. Fourteen men are em-
ployed and dty water is supplied for all purposes but none is furnished to vessels
engaged in the trade and docking here. Fresumably their supply of drinking
water is obtained from the water boats.
Pier No. 45 is owned by the J. W. Paxson Company and is used in the sand
and gravel business. Thev operate twenty sailing vessels and steam barges and
also engage in furnishing builders supplies. Fifty men are employed; dty water
is used for drinking and raw river water is used for fire and boHer purposes.
There is said to be no connection between the two pipe systems. The vessels do
not take on drinking water here but very generaUy the captains are reported as
using raw Ddaware River water taken aboard near Iiardner*s Point or Wilming-
ton, Delaware.
Pier No. 46 is owned by the Pennsylvania Sugar Company. Here a refinery is
located and between six and seven hundred men are employed. River water is
used for general manufacturing purposes and is first filtered, dty water beinj?
supplied for drinking. Steamers from European and West Indian ports bring
in raw material. City water is also used in the fire mains. The boats are per-
mitted to take on water from these mains on the wharf.
Pier No. 47 is owned by George W. Gormley, who gathers horse manure about
the city, stacks it up on the wharf, and ships it away in deck scows; he also
handles sand and gravel. City water is supplied: there is no fire protection and
twenty-five men are employed. No water is furnished to the tugs.
Piers Nos. 48, 49, and 60 are owned by the Pennsylvania Kailroad Company
and are operated for general freight transfer. All kinds of river and ocean steam-
ships and vessels dock here, one hundred and forty men are employed, and city
water is supplied for all purposes, except fire. No use is made of raw river
water. The vessels docking here must ?et water elsewhere.
At the foot of Shackamaxon Street is the ferry slip operated by the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad Company from which one ferry boat plies between Philadelphia
and Cramer Hill, Camden, seven men being employed. There is dty water
for drinking and fire service at the station and no use is made of river water. No
public water is supplied on the boat, the crew using Camden city water brought
aboard in a bucket.
Pier No. 51 is owned and occupied by S. V. Vrooman and Company, Ltd. Here
is a saw and planing mill to which lumber is brought by various kindR of vessels
which obtain their water from water boats. Thirty-five men are employed and
city water is supplied for drinking and raw river water is furnished for fire and
boiler purposes. There was formerly a dual connection to the dty mains, which
was severed the early part of October.
Pier No. 52 is owned by J. W. Janney, engaged in a general lumber business
with seven employees. City water is used for drinking and washing purposes
and raw river water for no purposes whatever. The river and coastwise vessels
bring in the lumber and they can obtain drinking water from the wharf but
usuaUy buy from water boats.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1321
Pier No. 53 is owned by Frank Merrihew and leased by Frank Merrihew and
Sons, engaged in a general coal and kindling wood business. Only sucn coal
barges and vessels as are engaged in business for this firm dock at me wharf
where twenty men are employed. City water is supplied for drinking. Raw nver
water is used for steaming purposes and on the wharf there are numerous barrels
filled with river water and provided with fire buckets. The coal barges come
mostly by canal from the Lehigh River District. They take on raw Delaware
River water wherever they need it. There is no supply available for them at
the pier, except it be carried in buckets. , _
Pier No. 64. owned by the American Sheet and Tin Plate Company, is leased
by the General Chemical Company of Camden, and is used as a storage wharf for
the works which are located in Camden. Only their own vessels used the pier
where fifteen men are employed. City water is furnished for drinking and at the
wash bowls. Raw river water for fiire protection is supplied to barrels provided
with fire buckets, and no water is furnished to the boats.
Pier No. 55 is owned by the Knickerbocker Ice Company and leased by the
American Ice Company. Here is an ice house for the convenience of the wagons
retailing the commodity, no ice being brought in by vessel. A part of the pier
is rented to any one who may wish to store lumber, and lumber barges are
the onlv vesels that dock here. There are thirty men employed and dty water
is supplied for drinking. Raw river water is used in barrels about the wharf
from which it Is dipped in buckets in case of fire. The barges take water from the
cite hydrant at the wharf.
Pier No. 56 is owned by Charles Lennig and is leased by Charles Lennig and
Company, On it is a chemical warehouse and ten men are employed. There is
no water on the wharf except in barrels in connection with the fire buckets.
Coastwise and river freight boats and barges dock here; most of the barges obtain
raw Delaware River water oflf Wilmington.
Pier No. 57 is at the foot of Columoia Avenue, is owned by the city of Phila-
delphia and used as a fire station and recreation pier. There are fifteen employees.
There is no water on the pier but opposite the pier is Penn Treaty Park of which
the pier is virtually a part. It is earth filled and laid out in walks, ^rass plots
and shade trees and has a public pavillion. The public obtains drinkmg water
from the city faucet in the park. Only the fire Doat, W. S. Stokeley, docks
here, but the water boats are permitted to obtain citv water at the dock near
the bulkhead line and this is a common place of supply for water boats.
Piers Nos. 59, 60, and 61 are said to have been recently acquired by the
Philadelphia Electric Company, but at the time of the investigation were not
occupied. Formerly they belonged to the Neafie and Levy Ship and ESngine Build-
ing Company.
Pier No. 01} is owned by the Porter-Gildersleeve Company employing ten men,
and is used as a dump for street sweepings, ashes, dirt, and any other material
suitable for filling. Deck lighters dock here, receive their load and are towed
to the place of deposit. There is no water on the pier or premises.
Piers Nos. 62, 62), 63, 63}, and 65 are owned by the William Cramp and Sons
Ship and Engine Building Company and leased by the Kensington Shipyard Com-
pany. A thousand men are employed and general repair work to vessels is per-
formed here. There are several snipways and a dry dock. There is no water
on Piers Nos. 62}, 63, and 63}, but on Piers Nos. 62 and 65 drinking water is
furnished from the dty mains and is also used at the wash basins. For all other
purposes raw river water is supplied. During the summer of 1913 the raw river
water lines were connected to the dty water mains, by a two inch pipe provided
with a check valve. In July a second check was placed on tlus line and on Sep-
tember 11th the city water connection to the raw water lines was absolutely
severed. The vessels docking here obtain their drinking water from the dty
pipe lines on the two piers mentioned.
rier No. 66 is owned by Hughes and Patterson, Incorporated. They operate a
rolling mill which has been out of commission all the year 1913, but across Beach
Street, or Delaware Avenue, they have another plant which is in operation. Raw
river water is used for general purposes and dty water is supplied for drinking.
Pier No. 67 is owned by the De Frain Sand Company, handling genera] builders'
supplies. Eighty men are employed and dty water is furnished for drinking on the
wharf. The cranes and plant are operated by electricity. There is a pump through
which raw river water is secured for sprinkling and fire service, the latter service
being secured through a long line of hose. Bottled water is furnished to the
ofiice. Vessels can take on dty water at this pier but the barges get most of their
drinking water from the Upper Delaware River, using it raw.
Piers Nos. 68 and 69 are owned by William M. Lloyd, general lumber merchant,
thirty men being employed. City water is used for drinkmg and fire purposes and
in addition barrels for river water and fire buckets are provided at various points
on the wharves. All kinds of lumber vessels dock here, the water boats providing
these vessels with water.
Digitized by
Google
1322 EIGHTH ANNtJAL REPORT Ot" THE Off. Doc.
Pier No. 70 is at the foot of Susquehanna Avenue and is owned by the City, of
Philadelphia, the end being devoted to public recreation purposes. The City
Bureau of Water has a storage yard here for supplies and the Purveyor's office is
located at the street end. At this point Morgan and Hansbury operate a one
boat ferry line between Philadelphia and Cramer Hill, Camden. Twelve men are
employed on the wharf, and city water is supplied for drinking and fire pro-
tection. It is reported that a littte river water is used for steam heat. The crew
of the ferry boat drink the city water, brought aboard in a bucket.
Pier No. 71 is owned by Hughes and Patterson and is leased by Seaman and
Menaugh. and William McAllister, both lumber merchants. City water is supplied
for drinking and raw river water for fire protection, by means of open barrels with
fire buckets. Ten men are employed.
Pier No. 72 is also owned by Hughes and Patterson and is leased to the Haines-
gort Mining and Transportation Company. Canal and river boats mostly dock
ere, and heavy freight is handled, in addition to sand and gravel. Thirty men are
employed. There is no water on the pier. The boats use raw water, secured
principally above or below Philadelphia.
Piers Nos. 75 and 76 are owned by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company and
are leased by the B. & S. Transportation Company. Coal is brought here in
barges and stored, heavy cranes being used in the handling. Four tugs owned
by the company dock here. City water is supplied on the wharf for all purposes,
but the tug boat captains prefer raw river water secured either above or below
Philadelphia although they can, if they choose, get city water at this pier.
The William Cramp and Sons Shop and Engine Building Company own and
operate Piers Nos. 77 to 83 inclusive, and 85 and 86 and Pier No. 20, this latter
being the last pier down stream in the series beginning at Port Richmond. Five
thousand men are engaged in the construction of large ocean steamships, warships
and vessels of all kinds. This is the old I. P. Morris plant. Until the faU of
1913 the city water mains were connected with the fire lines of the company by
means of a six inch pipe, the connection being metered, and provided with a stop
valve. The company used raw river water in connection with special fire pres-
sure pumps for fire service, which pumps were tested frequently and the prea-
sure raised. During the summer of 1913 the city ordered n check valve placed on
the connection and later the entire abandonment of the connection. There is a
tank on top of the office building to which city water is pumped through an in-
dependent line of pipe and this water is distributed for drinking and at the
wash stands.
Raw river water is supplied to the boilers for steaming. Two years or more ago
a typhoid epidemic occurred among the workmen who used the raw river water
delivered through the pipe lines, so that at present warning signs, printed in
different languages, are posted throughout the plant. The company fills the
drinking tanks on the new vessels, with city water and also furnishes raw river
water to these vessels when steam is gotten up.
NORTH WHABVES-PORT RICHMOND TO CITY LINE.
The remaining series of wharves along the Delaware are those extending north
from Port Richmond to Erie Avenue from which point the piers have not beeu
numbered by the city. The pier in this series farthest down stream is at the
foot of Cumberland Street in Cramp*s shipyard and ia known as Pier No. 20.
Beyond this in order northerly and up-stream are piers Nos. 18, 16, 14 to 1 in-
clusive and Piers A, B, C, D, G, H, and J, all of which are owned by the
Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company and constitute what is known as the
Port Richmond Terminal of this company. Seventeen hundred men are employed
at these piers, Pier J being at the foot of Allegheny Avenue and three miles
above Market Street. These terminal facilities cover a continuous territory for
three quarters of a mile along the river bank. Piers No. 1 to 18 indusive, with
the exception of Nos. 12, 13, and 14, are coal wharves. No. 12 being a icniin
elevator, and Nos. 13 and 14 iron ore wharves. Piers A to D are export piers
and leased by various ocean steamship lines. Piers G and H are used for gen-
eral heavy freight business and any vesseis may dock here having business with
the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company. On Pier J cars are loaded on
flat boats for transfer in the harbor.
At all of the piers city water is supplied for drinking purposes and for fire
protection, and at Piers Nos. 18, 14 » 12, and 11, which are long and extend out
to the Port Warden Line, being used respectively for coal loading, iron ore stor-
age, grain handling, and coal loading, city water is furnished free to the
vessels while they are in dock and adequate facilities are here provided for this
purpose. The other numbered piers are of short length and it is not convenient
to secure water there. The piers lettered A to D inclusive also extend out to the
Fort Warden Line and supply city water to vessels docking there. Piers Q and H
which are equally long do not have the proper conveniences thus to supply vessels.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1323
At Pier No. 12, on which is the grain elevator, raw river water is used for
the fire lines and special fire pumps are kept in constant readiness for service.
For priming: purposes there was a cross connection between the city mains and
the nre system which until early in the summer of 1913 had a valve but no check.
At this tmie two check valves were put in and the gate valve shut and put under
seal. Later this connection, which was three inches in diameter, was completely
severed. Formerly there was a three inch pipe line from the city mains connected
to the discharge pipe of the raw river pump which fed the boiler. It is claimed
that the valve on this line was always kept closed. As a temporary measure of
precaution a check was placed on the line and the valve kept under seal but later
a complete severance was made.
Pier No. 14, which is an iron ore dock, has a power plant for hoisting apparatus
and raw river water is used for boiler purposes and fire lines. There was formerly
a dual pipe connection here between the city mains and raw water pipes but this
has been severed.
At the foot of Allegheny Avenue is a recreation pier owned by the city and also
used as a landing place for small river passenger boats. This pier has no water
supply.
Near the foot of Westmoreland Street, there are two piers owned by the Ontario
Land Company and leased to the Pearson and Ludascher Lumber Company. Fifty
men are employed and dty water is supplied for drinking. River water Is used
in the bofler house in connection with operating the snw mill and for fire service,
but the two lines are separate. Bottled water is supplied to the office. The lum-
ber boats cannot get water here.
At the foot of Tioga Street are two piers owned by the city and leased to the
United Gas Improvement Company in connection with the Twenty-fifth Ward Gas
Works. Here three hundred men are employed and city water is supplied for
drinking and at wash basins. Raw river water is furnished for fire protection and
manufacturing purposes. The employees can easily procure raw water for drinking
and no warning signs have been posted but the manager has agreed to do this.
Coal barges dock at the piers but are not supplied with drinking water .
There is a pier at the foot of Venango Street owned by M. L. Shoemaker and
Company, Limited, which company employs one hundred and twenty-five men and
manufactures fertilizers. In the plant ci^ water is supplied for drinking and
raw river water is used for fire protection and boilers. There is an artesian well,
water from which is used in the manufacturing processes. Fleshings, bones, and
dead animals are brought here in wagons and in scows. There is no water on the
pier and the lighters have to obtain a water supply elsewhere. One hundred and
twenty-five men are employed.
SOHUYLKILL RIVBR DOCKAGE FACTLITIB6.
The bulkheads extend along the Schuylkill River from its mouth near I«eague
Island up-stream to Fairmount dam. In the desTcription of these docks following
they have been taken in order of their location from the mouth of the river up-
stream. The first to be described are those on the east bank following which will
be a description of the bulkheads along the west bank.
The Girard Point Storage Company, engaged in the handling of grain, has four-
teen hundred feet of bulkhead frontage along the east bank of the Schuylkill River
from South Twenty-sixth Street northerly. This is near League Island. The
Pennsylvania Railroad tracks extend into the buildings and the elevator and
there are slips where the vesels may dock while loading. EMghty men are em-
ployed. There is no city water on the premises but an artesian well affords drink-
ing water and raw river water is used for fire and industrial purposes. The com-
pany does not own a vessel but engages steamships to transport the grain to its
destination, these vessels obtaining water from waterboats along the Delaware
lUver. There are no facilities for supplying water on the property.
The second bulkhead, opposite South Thirty-fifth Street, is owned by the
Girard Estate and leased by Peoples Brothers who operate a street refuse dump.
This firm has a dty contract for street sweeping and for collecting ashes. Scows
are filled at convenient points and towed to this bulkhead where the material
is raised to cars and hauled to be dumped on the neighboring flats which are in
process of reclamation. Six men are employed. There is no water supplied for
drinking, and river water is used in the boilers. The men on the scows get
water occasionally from a well at Peniiose Ferry Bridge Hotel. A few hundred
yards up-stream from this bulkhead is the Penrose Ferry Bridge.
The next bulkhead is at Passyunk Avenue where the Atiantic Refining Com-
pany has a river frontage of sixteen hundred feet, extending south from Passyunk
Avenue. Two thousand men are employed and city water is used for drinking
and riyer water for fire and industrial purposes, first being subjected to filtration.
Digitized by
Google
1321 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Ofif. Doc.
The company does not own the vessels engaged in exporting its products but owns
and operates three tugs and five tow barges, plying in the local waters only. The
tug boats are provided with water tanks and engage in supplying water to the
vessels charters by the company, obtaining their supply from the aty on company
property. It was reported that hose employed for supplying drinking water is
used exclusively for this purpose.
The fourth bulkhead up stream, just north of Passyunk Avenue Bridge, is owned
by the City of Philadelphia and leased by the United Gas Improvement Company.
Here are the Point Breeze Gas Works and four hundred men are employed. City
water is used for drinking and raw river water for fire and industrial purposes.
Vessels docking at this bulkhead are principally coal and sand barges, towed in.
The fifth bulkhead is just above the United Gas Improvement Company and is
used by the Atlantic Refining Company.
The sixth bulkhead is at the foot of Morris Street, just below the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad *bridge and is owned by the American Incinerating Company, the
corporation that had the contract to collect and destroy the garbage of the city but
failed recently, the plant being taken over by the city. The wastes were brought
to the plant both in wagons and in scows. At the time of the investigation by the
Department the plant was shut down and no definite information could be obtained
as to the use of water.
The seventh bulkhead, just north of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, is owned
and occupied by the Philadelphia Rubber Company with one hundred and twenty-
five employees. City water is used for drinking and raw river water, filtered, is
used for fire and inaustrial purposes. Bottle^ water is furnished at the office. No
vessels of any description dock here. There was formerly a one inch pipe con-
nected to the centrifugal pumps that raise the river water, used for priming pur-
poses, but it has been disconnected.
The eighth bulkhead is opposite the foot of Wharton Street, the owners being
Michael Ehret and Michael Ehret, Jr., and Company, and the properties are
leased by the Barrett Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of roofing material.
Two hundred men are employed and city water is supplied for drinking. Raw
river water is used for fire and industrial purposes. Schooners loaded with as-
phalt from South America dock here and also sand barges and coal barges but no
water whatsoever is supplied to these craft.
The ninth bulkhead, just above Grays Ferry Bridge, is owned by the D. B.
Martin Company. The plant is known as the Grays Ferry Abattoir and em-
ploys fifty men. City water is used generally for all purposes but some raw river
water is used in washing down the noors. Bottled water is furnished at the of-
fice. The bulkhead is practically out of commission. Coal and sand barges oc-
casionally dock here but no water is supplied to them.
The tenth bulkhead, at the foot of South d6th Street, is owned and occupied by
Harrison Brothers and Company, Incorporated, manufacturers of chemicals and
paints. Here three hundred men are employed. City water is used for drinking,
being refiltered at the plant. It is also supplied to some fire plugs but the principal
fire protection is obtained by a separate fire service system supplied with raw river
water. For boiler purposes filtered river water is used. Four tramp steamers
dock here annually and bring in raw material. Coal and sand barges convey ma-
terial here for the use of the company. No water whatsoever is supplied to these
craft at the bulkhead.
The eleventh bulkhead is at the foot of Peltz Street. It is owned by the Fred-
erick R. Gerry Company, Builders and Contractors, who employ three hundred
men in a saw mUl and a plant for the manufacture of bank, store, and office fix-
tures. City water is sup^ied for drinking and raw river water is used for fire
and industrial purposes. There was formerly a dual water connection here but it
has been severed. Lumber sailing vessels dock at this point but they are never
furnished with any water.
The twelfth bulkhead, at the Christian Street bridge of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road, is owned by the United States Government and maintained for the arsenal
where eight hundred men are employed in the manufacture of dothing and camp
equipment. No river water is used for any purpose and the city water, refiltered,
is supplied for drinking and without refiltering for all other purposes. At the
present time no vessels dock here.
The thirteenth bulkhead is at the foot of Christian Street. It is owned by the
Philadelphia Electric Company and is this company's station "A" power plant in
which fifty men are employed. City water, refiltered, is supplied for drinldng and
raw river water is used for fire and industrial purposes. There was formerly a
four inch city water pipe directly 'connected to a four inch raw river water pump
suction pipe on which connection the city required two valves, with a drip be-
tween, to be placed, this being accomplished during the summer of 1913. i^aUy,
the city water was delivered to a tank in the yard and connection with raw water
line severed. Coal barges dock at the bulkhead but no water is supplied to yeosds
here.
The fourteenth bulkhead is also at the foot of Christian Street and is owned by
the DeFrain Sand Companv which employs forty men. Sand, gravd, and coal are
brought in in barges and builder's supplies are also handled. City water !■ sap*
plied for all purposes, none being furnished to the vessels.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. C30MM18S10NER OF HEALTH. 1825
The fifteenth bulkhead is owned by the Philadelphia Bapid Transit Company and
eighty men are employed in its repair shop here, dtjr Water being used for all pur-
poses. Vessels do not now use the bulkhead. ^ ,^ , , . ,
The sixteenth bulkhead, adjoining the fifteenth, is owned by the FhiladelphlA
Rapid Transit Company and leased by John C. Hancock to be used for coal yards.
Here twenty-five men are employed and city water only is used, e^fcept that bottled
water is supplied at the office. Coal is delivered by canal barges btlt no water is
supplied to any vessels except these coal barges.
The seventeenth bulkhead is owned by H. C. Fox and Sons, Incorporated, Who
operate a glass factory here, em])loying three hundred and seventy-five med. City
water is used for drinking and hre purposes, and river water is supplied for th«
boilers. Coal is delivered in river barges but no water is supplied them at the bulk-
head.
At the eighteenth bulkhead is a coal yard, at the foot of Bainbridge Street and
is owned by the George B. Newton Coal Company. Here twenty-one men are
employed, dty water being used for drinking and raw river water for fire and
industrial purposes. River coal barges bring in the coal but noc water is sup-
plied these boats.
The nineteenth bulkhead lies between South and Lombard Streets, both above
and below the South Street bridee. It is owned by the Standard Ice Manufac-
turing Company and leased by Charles F. Felin and Company, lumber dealers,
which also has piers on the Delaware River. Two men are employed all the time
at the bulkhead. Schooners dock here but there is no supply of water whatsoever
on the property, it being merely a storage yard.
The twentieth bulkhead is at the foot of Tx>mbard Street. It was formerly A coal
yard, but was not in use at the time of the Department's inspection.
The twenty-first bulkhead, at the foot of Pine Street, is owned by Robert Hender-
son and Companv and leased by the George B. Newton Coal Company for coal
]rard> purposes. Eighteen men are employed and city water is used for drinking and
fire protection, raw river water being supplied to the boilers. Both canal boats
and river barges deliver the coal here but are not supplied with water by the com-
pany.
The twenty-second bulkhead adjoins, is owned by S. E. and J. J. Donaghy and
used as a coal yard. Here fifteen men are employed and the conditions as to
water supply and uses thereof are the same as at the last mentioned bidkhead.
The coal is brought in barges from Trenton
The twenty -third bulkhead is owned by the American Ice and Coal Company and
is at the foot of Spruce Street. City water is used for all purposes and twenty-
three men are employed. River coal barges bring in the material but tlM com^
panv does not supply water to them.
The twenty-fourth bulkhead, between Locust and Walnut Streets, is owned by
Collins and lippincott and leased by P. Elmer Weitzel Brother and Sons. It w
used to store lumber and there is no water supply on the bulkhead. The schooners
and barges which dock here must obtain their water elsewhere. Four men are
regularly employed.
The twenty-fifth bulkhead is just above the Walnut Street bridge extending up-
stream to the Chestnut Street bridge. It is owned by the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road Company but no use is made of it except as a dock for the d^ police boat,
"John E. Reybum," and for a pleasure yacht owned by Sergeant Peoples. City
water is supplied on the property for drinking purposes and raw river water for
fire service, but this latter service is performed by the police boat which is equipped
with fire pumps and patrols the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers. The fire boat
obtains its drinking water from the station maintained by the dty on the property*
The twenty-sixth bidkhead is at the foot of Cherry Street and is owned and oc-
cupied by Robert Patterson and Sons as a coal, sand, and gravel wharf. This
firm employs thirty-five men. City water is supplied for all purposes. The ma-
terial is brought in on river barges but no water is supplied to them at the wharf.
The twenty-seventh bulkhead lies between Vine and Wood Streets and is owned
by the John Lang Paper Company who employ one hundred and thirty men. Waste
paper is collected in the city and here sorted and baled. City water Ib supplied for
drmking and raw river water for fire service, bottied water being furnished at this:
office. Coal is brought to this wharf on river barges, which get thdr drinking
water elsewhere.
The twenty-eighth bulkhead is at the foot of Powelton Avenue and is owned by
the Ford and Kendig Company, steam fitters and dealers in plumbers supplies.
They employ sixty-four men. Cii^ water is used for all purposes excepted that
bottied water is furnished at the ofince. Coal is brought to the wharf in river barges
but no- drinking water is taken on here.
The twenty-ninth bulkhead adjoins and is owned by the Knickerbocker Lime
Company employing sixty men. This company supplies sand, gravel, coal, and
lime to contractors. Ci^ water is used generally for all purposes, botUed water
being furnished to the office. River barges bring in the raw material, nLCeptjnft
Bme. No jrii^ktof: water is furnished to them.
Digitized by
Google
1328 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OflP. Doc.
The thirtieth bulkhead, adjoining the twenty-ninth, ia owned by the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company and leased by the Penn Reduction Company. It ia
reached from Callowhill Street. At this wharf garbage ia dumped into scows and
conveyed down the river to a reduction plant operated by the same company, five
garbage scows being thus employed. Three men work at this wharf but no water
is furnished. City water ia carried from the adjacent bulkhead of the Knicker-
bocker Company. Water is not provided on the scows.
The thirty-first bulkhead is next up-stream and adjoins. It is leased by Peoples
Brothers for handling coal, sand, and gravel. They employ eighteen men. City
water is. furnished for drinking and raw river water for fire and industrial pur-
poses. River barges bring the raw material in but these vessels must secure their
drinking water eLsewhere.
The tnirty-second bulkhead is owned by C. D. Norton and is leased by the Conroy
Coal Company which employ twelve men. City water is supplied for drinking and
raw river water for fire and industrial uses. The coal is brought in canal boats
from the Upper Schuylkill Region and no water is supplied to them at the wharf.
The thirty-third bulkhead is reached from Callowhill Street and is owned by the
H. D. Stratton Ice Company. Here ice is manufactured, fifteen men being em-
ployed. City water is used for drinking and industrial purposes and raw river
water for fire service. Coal is brought in by boats from the Delaware piers but no
drinking water is furnished to them.
The thirty-fourth bulkhead is owned by the Philadelphia Electric Company and
is Station "G** power plant. Twenty men are employed. City water is supplied
for drinking and raw river water for fire and industrial purposes. A dual pipe
connection formerly existing has been severed. Coal is brought in barges from the
Delaware piers. No drinking water is supplied to them.
The thirty-fifth bulkhead is at the intersection of Callowhill and Spring Garden
Streets, just below the Spring Garden Street bridge. It is owned by Thomas Lock-
hart and Company and maintained as a dirt wharf, this concern engaging in cart-
ing away surplus earth from various excavation jobs in the city. One man is on-
ployed all the time on the wharf and city water is supplied for drinking. Two
scows owned by the company dock here.
BUIiKHBAOS ALONG THE WEST BANK OF THE SGHUYLKIUi RIVBR.
Along the west bank the first bulkhead above the mouth of the river is immediately
south from Passyunk Avenue bridge. It is owned by the Atlantic Refining Com-
panv and affords a location for crude oil tanks. Water is supplied from the works
of tnis company on the opposite or east bank of the river and already described.
The next bulkhead upstream is off Passyunk Avenue on land of HJnrry D. Beas-
ton. Pleasure boats and some sand boats tie up here but there is no water at the
wharf.
The third bulkhead is at the foot of South 58th Street and is owned by the Gulf
Refining Company employing fifty men. City water is supplied for drinking and
raw river water for fire purposes. Water also is piped from a spring to a pump
well, and from here lifted to the boilers. For shipping the product three steam-
ships and one tow barge, owned by the company, are employed and it is reported
that no water is supplied at the wharf to the vessels.
The fourth bulkhead lies between the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge and
South 49th Street. It is owned by the Penn Reduction Company and here there
is a garbage reduction plant where one hundred and seventy men are employed in
disposing of the garbage of the city. City water is supplied for drinking and raw
river water is used for fire and industrial purposes. The garbage is brought to
this plant in barges which are loaded at the Callowhill Street bulkhead. The men
on these scows get city water at the plant.
The fifth bulkhead is just above the South Street bridge. Between the South
Street and Walnut Street bridges there is a continuous bulkhead. The one now
being described is farthest down stream. It is owned by the dty of Philadelphia
and leased to John Maxwell and Sons as a stone and granite wharf and workyard.
This firm employes thirty-five men and city water is used for all purposes. Barg»
carrying sand and gravel and schooners loaded with stone and lumber dock hm.
No drinking water is supplied to them.
The sixth bulkhead is leased from the city by Franklin Smith, lumber men^hant.
who employes eight men. City water is used for drinking and fire purpoee^
Schooners and barges dock here but do not obtain water.
The seventh bulkhead is leased from the Pennsylvania Railroad Company by the
Haney- White Company, lumber merchants. Ten men are employed and the same
conditions as to water supply obtain here as at the sixth bulkhead.
The eighth bulkhead is leased from the Realty Security Company by the Pintsch
Compressing Company, manufacturers of Pintsch gas. Seven men are emploved
and city water is used for all purposes. At the present time do vessels dock at tht
wharf.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1327
The ninth bulkhead is leased by John Warner and Company, eniraffed in the
sand, gravel, and stone business. Six men are employed and city water is supplied
for all purposes. Barges bringing in the raw material dock here but are not
furnished with drinking water at the wharf.
The tenth bulkhead is just below the Walnut Street bridge. It is owned by the
Oeorge B. Newton Coal Company, coal dealers and twenty-four men are em-
ployed. City water is furnished for all purposes. Coal is delivered here by canal
boats from the Upper Schuylkill and also by river barges from the Delaware piers
and from Trenton. It is credibly reported that the canal boat crews follow the
practice of obtaining their water supply from favorable spots on the canal and that
the river barge crews very generally use raw Delaware River water, procured pre-
ferably at Florence just below Roebling, N.J. Here there is a clear spot in the
Delaware, said to be due to springs. Barges not traveling so far take their water
from the river at convenient points. Some of them use the city water supplied free
at the Port Richmond Terminals. It is not often convenient to get it from water
boats.
The eleventh bulkhead, owned by the Vermont Marble Company, is just above
the Walnut Street bridge. Twenty men are employed and city water only is sup-
plied and used for all purposes. Sand and stone barges dock here, hailing from
New Jersey ports and are said to use the raw river water.
The twelfth bulkhead is owned by Wetherill Brothers and leased by the Stokes
Brothers Lumber Company. This firm employes eight men. City water is used
for drinkine and fire purposes. Schooners and barges dock here but no water is
furnished them at the wharf.
The thirteenth bulkhead adjoins the twelfth and is owned by P. H. Fairlamb.
Employment is given fifteen men in the sand, gravel, and stone business. City
water is used for drinking and fire purposes and raw river water for industriid
purposes. Barges from New Jersey ports, principally Bordentown and Rancocas
Creek, bring in the material. They get their drinking water from the Delaware
River at Florence, New Jersey.
The fourteenth bulkhead is owned by the George B. Newton Coal Company, coal
dealers. Eight men are employed and city water is supplied for all purposes.
Coal is brought in by canal boats from Port Clinton on the Schuylkill River, said
to obtain drinking water from the canal above Reading, and by barges from
Trenton, New Jersey, and Port Richmond and Greenwich Point in Philadelphia.
The fifteenth bulkhead is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and
leased by the West Philadelphia Stock Yards Company which employes two hun-
dred men. City water w furnished for drinking and manufacturing purposes, the
plant being known as the Consolidated Dressed Beef Company. Raw river water
IS used for cooling and in the fire lines. In the stockyards city water is not
furnished. At this plant there was formerly a six inch connection between the
city and raw river water lines separated by a check only. This was being changed
at the time of the Department's inspection and hereafter city water will be sup-
{)lied to the stock and there will be no connection whatever between the raw water
ines and the city water lines. For the past twelve months boats have not docked
at the wharf. Bottled water is furnished at the oflices.
The sixteenth bulkhead is owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Com-
gany and leased by Henry Holt, six men being employed here. Manure is stored
ere after being collected throughout the city. It is then placed upon barges and
towed to New Jersey ports for disposal. Three tug boats and six barges are kept
busy all the time. City water is used for drinking and fire purposes at the wharf
but the boats get raw river water.
On the seventeenth bulkhead, leased from the same railroad by the Barber As-
phalt Company, eighty men are employed. City water is used for all purposes
except that bottled spring water is supplied at the oflSce. Five barges, owned by
the company, and others bring in sand, stone, and gravel from New Jersey ports.
Vessels bring asphalt from Central America and dock at the wharf. Some of these
vessels get water from the company. The barges take it principally from the Dela-
ware River opposite Florence, New Jersey.
The eighteenth bulkhead is owned by the Atlantic Refining Company end barges
dock here. The wharf is used for storage purposes with four men employed. City
water only is supolied.
At the nineteenth bulkhead, owned by Mrs. J. J. Clancy, the business of con-
ducting a dump for manure and transporting it to New Jersey ports is pursued .
City water is supplied to the pier but none is furnished the vessels. One man
oversees the work.
The twentieth bulkhead is also a manure wharf and is leased from the Phila-
delphia and Reading Railway Company, and occupied by Joseph Burke, who owns
three barges and two tugs which are kept busy all the time. Four men are em-
ployed on the wharf and city water only is supplied. The boats get their water
from the Delaware River.
The twenty-first bulkhead is leased from the same companv by Bernard Connard
who runs a manure business, selling this product at various New Jersey ports. He
hag city water on the pier but the boats get raw river water.
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1328 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. I>oc.
The twenty -second bulkhead, the last one upstream, is near the Spring Garden
Street bridge and is occupied by Peoples Brothers, being leased from the Phila-
delphia and Reading Railway Company. Twenty men are employed. It is a
dump for street sweepings, ashes, and earth, or any other dry material suitable
for filling. Four barges, owned by the firm are kept busy. City water is supplied
at the wharf and in the repair shops located here. The barge casks are filled with
this water.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.
From the facts herein set forth it appears that the public health is jeopardised
by the use of sewage polluted water of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers. Such
water is a menace because it is drunk in its raw state, in some cases knowlis^ly
and in other cases innocently. It is also a menace because it comes in contact with
vessels, utensils, and appurtenances used in handling, conveyance, and storage of
the drinking water supply.
The drinking of raw river water by choice is practised by the crews on tow
barges, by officers and crews of various tug boats, coast wise vessels, and tramp
steamships and by some of the officers and crews of the river steamboats engaged
in carrying passengers and freight. This season some of these indicated above paid
the penal^ by contracting typhoid, the circumstances warranting the attributing
of the disease to this origin. It would be serious enough if this practice involved
only the health of those who drank this polluted water, but the danger does not
stop here, since the disease is communicable and hence the interests of the public
health apparently demand the promulgation of rules and regulations, backed up
by proper inspection, to compel the abandonment of the practice or to reduce it
to a minimum.
But when the practice of supplying raw river water to tanks, barrels, and water
coolers for others to drink, who do not know the source of this water supply, is
permitted to exist, a very extensive menace to public health prevails. It has here
been shown that water boats find it convenient knowingly to replenish depleted
supplies in their tanks with raw river water. Even if they did not have recourse
to tnlB water, the apparatus on such boats including the hose and the single pump-
ing engine is used alternately for pumping raw river water for inferior purposes
such as washing down decks, or to the boilers, and then to deliver the dty water
into the tanks or from the tanks into the retainers on the vessels purchasing the
supply. By this practice there is a dire possibility that a pure drinking water
may be contaminated by the raw river water and all the drinking water supplied
to the passengers in this manner be rendered dangerous.
Furthermore there is no evidence that the buckets used by numerous steam-
boats to fill the water barrels and tanks from which the drinking water is drawn
are not dirty and contaminated by previous contact with the raw river water, in
fact there is good reason to believe that such is the case. On many of these river
boats dirty ice, handled by crews whose habits are uncleanly, is placed in direct con-
tact with the drinking water, this ice sometimes being washed in the Delaware
River before it is put in the containers. Again the dipping of water from the
barrels is not uncommon and gross carelessness has been otoerved, as would be ex-
pected, in keeping the dipper clean.
With few exceptions the water hose used for pumping the drinking water has
been used for other purposes. The greater number of tiie vessels docking at Phila-
delphia depend altogether on the water boats of the river for their supply of
drinking water.
The investigation shows that several things are needed in the ports of Philadel-
phia to better the conditions as relates to the water supply used idong the rivers.
Ample facilities should be provided for supplying pure city water for drinking
purposes at all the piers, docks, and wharves where drinking water is needed and
this supply to the public on the piers or vessels should be regulated in such a war
as to assure the purity of the water to the consumer. This means a supervision
of the facilities afforded for the delivery of the water.
The dipping of aU water from containers should be stopped and the placing of
ice in contact with the water should also be prohibited. Pumps, hose, buckets,
and other apparatus used in connection with the drinking water service should be
exclusively used for this purpose whether on water boats, vessels of all descriptiont
pr on the piers.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEAI/TH. 1229
It should be compulflory for aU owners or operators of wharves, docks, and
boats to provide pure water for drinking purposes in containers of approved pattern
and all places where employees or the public might obtain raw river water from
pipe lines or apparatus conveyiog such water should be placarded with a warning
sign against the use thereof.
The dual system of piping which permits the use of pure water or raw river
water at choice through the manipulation of valves, whether at the piers or on
boats, should be prohibited and the two systems of piping with all their appur-
tenances should be kept separate.
The water boats are encouraged to draw raw river water at night because the
municipal piers are not open and the water hydrants are not available until eight
o'dodi: in the morning. Arrangements should be made by the city to maintain this
water service throughout the twenty-four hours of the day at one or more piers.
In carrying out these regulations the City Water Bureau, the City Board of
Health, and the Department of Wharves, Docks, and Ferries must cooperate.
The Health Departments of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware might agree
on a uniform regulation that would extend beyond the port of Philadelphia all
along the Delaware River and in Pennsylvania to the canal boat traffic on the
Schuylkill, Lehigh and Delaware Rivers canals. Furthermore the Federal Govern-
ment might take'up the work of supervising such craft and practices.
In the tables following the detailed data already given are shown in summarized
form:
84—14-1916
Digitized by
Google
1390
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc.
TABUI^TION OF THE USE OF WATER ON
PIBR8 SOUTH OF MARKBT STRBBT.
Pier Number and OccniMuit.
I
§
I
I
ON PIBR8.
City
Water.
Biver
Water.
Wdl
Water.
Bot.
tied.
No. 1.
Porter-Oildersleeye Company. Les-
No. t.
Five Lesaees: Atlantic Fruit Oo..
U. 8. GoT«rnment. Frederica-
Phila. Navigation Oo.. Milford
Navigation Company. Bricason
Line.
No. R.»
Two Leasees: Wilminaton Steam-
ship Company (Wilson Line).
Del. R. Transit Go. Double
deck, upper deck for recreation.
P. ft R. By. Co., ferry sllpe,...,
None on pier
4. -
aw| + +
+ + + -
»| + + + -
J-
None
None
None
None
No. 8.
P. ft R. Ry. Co.. CbestDut Street
f relffht transfer and station.
No. ».
Oeonre W. Bush ft Sons Company,
SO
+ +
+ -
Nos. lO.U-14.
P. R. R. Co
J 125 , + + + -
+
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
No. 1«. I I
City of Philadelphia (donUe' 20
deck). I
Nos. u-ai.
Merchants and Miners Trans. Co..
150 + +
None
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER Ot MEALTtt.
1^1
PIERS AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER.
TBSSBL OB LINB.
Ooastwiie. TrauMtUiitlc.
Btc. Biyer.
ON VBSSBLfl.
City
Water.
Biyer
Water.
Well
Water.
Bemarks.
I
Oik tna. .••••.••<
Six deck lighters: riTor.
Atlantic Fruit Co.; Biz
TeflMla (freight only) ;
Weet Indian trad^^
One U. 8. Beyenne Cot-
ter; river.
Fredertca-Phlladelphla
Navigation Oompany;
one steamer (passenger
and freight) : riyer.
Hllford Navigation ^ Oo. ;
one steamer (freight
only) ; riy«.
Ericsson Line; four
steamers (passenger snd
freight) ; river, canal,
ete.
Wilson Line (four steam-
ers to Wilmington) ;
(passenga and freight) ;
river.
Delaware Biver TTans-
portetion <3ompany; fonr
steamers; to Trenton^;
(passenger and freight) ;
Kaign's Point Ftfries;
three ferry boate; to
Camden (passenger and
freight) : river.
Several hundred float
hanes; freight; river.
••Warner Line": three
steamers: "Alice/*
'^Christina." "West
Biver." Two barges;
one tng: to Wilming-
ton; freight;
Several hundred float
barges; freight; river.
Bleven steamers. . .^
ger; freight; cosstwiae.
None
None from
pier*
None
- + +
+ I _
None from
pier
None from
pier
+•
Wilmington
aty water
None*
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+»+ +
+ +
None
None
N<«e
None.
+
None
None
None
None
None
None , *H a n d pump. No
None 1 1 crews on lighters.
1 1 Tug gete drinking
I water various places.
I ' presumably city water.
None I
None 1 1
None . I
None,
None
None '
None
*These lines get drink-
ing water at southern
*(?ity recreation pier.
Upper deck much fre-
quented in summer,
with a mazimnm of
600 visitors dally.
(l)One boat uses Dela-
ware river water for
drinking. One boat
out of service.
None' *Drinking water for
crews from Camden ;
in buckete; none for
passengers.
No water nor crews on barges.
+
- + +
None
None
No water nor crews on barges.
Barges used for trans-
fer of freight cars.
"Alice"— Mostly Wil-
mington water ; oc-
casionally PhUadd*
phla city water.
"Christina"— gete both
supplies.
"West Biver"- Philadel-
phia city water oa^.
Other boate get both
supplies.
Barges for transfer
freight cars.
li
Pier not completed.
Water for workmok
building pier is carried
onto pier in bnckete.
+•
+ +
None
None 1 1 •Drinklnj; water also
:l received at northern
I ports.
Digitized by
Google
1332
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIEBS
PIBBS SOUTH OF MARKET 8TBBBT.
Pier Number and OccaiMnt.
I
I
ON
City
Water.
^1
Rlrer
Water.
WcO
Water.
No. 2B.
B. ft O. R. R. Co..
No^ M.
Merchant and Miners Trans. Co.
Soath Street Ferry Slips.
P. ft R. Rjr. Co
Gloucester Ferry Co..
No. ».
Independent Fier Oompany, Les-
No. 80.
Franklin Sugar Reflnins Oompany,
100
100
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
+ + +
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Nos. 81-t9«.
Owned by Franklin Sugar Refining Compaay.
No. M.
Independent Pier Oompany. Les-
see and Agents, for Lines (a)
and (b).
200
No. ».
Independent Pier Oompany. Les-
No. » (New)
P. ft R. Ry. Oo
No 88 (01d).<
P. ft R. Ry. Oo
No. 88.
American Ice Oompany,
+ +
None
None
None
150 + +
None
None
Same as No. 88 (New)
251 4.
None
T>Tnm«
noom
Digitized by
Google
No, 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER— Continued .
1333
ON
VBSSBLS.
VaSSBL OR UNE.
City
Water.
Riyer
Water.
WeU
Water.
Ooastwifle. TninMtlantlc.
IDtc. River.
1
^
1
Q
1
1
&
1
1
1
Remarks.
Float work. Frdslit;
xiyer; 'remarks.
Sarannata and Jackaan-
Tille Line; foor steamers
encer; frelclit;
coastwise.
Point Feny.
Two feny boats (P. ft
R. Ry. Go.) ; passenger;
frelsht; river.
Gloucester Ferry. Three
ferry boats; iwssencer;
freight; river.
Tle-np pier for tramp
steamers; coastwise and
trans-Atlantic freight
No I(
(•).
(a) North German Lloyd
Line. Twenty-six steam-
ers; to Germany: pas-
senirtf and freight;
transatlantic.
(b)Aa8tro- American Line.
Eight steamers: to
Mediterranean; passen-
ger; freight: trans-
atlantle.
Tramp steamers (transat-
lantic).
Three Tngs. River:
"Active."*
"Neptune."
••Mton."»
Float barges. Freight;
river.
Bailing vessels: coast-
wise; carrying ice from
Maine and New York.
No crews nor water on barges.
+•-
- + +
None
+•
+•-
+ + I None
- + +
None
None
Barges nsed for transfer
of freight cars. Mer-
chant and Miners
Company steamers also
tie np here for freight
transfer.
Steamers take drinking
water at southern
ports also.
(«fone *Camden and Gloucester
water also nsed on
both lines.
i^one
None
None I None
Non^ No drinking water fur-
nished vessels at this
pier. vRlver watw
gamped from Sugar
lant.
No water on pier.
Data for No. SO aM>ly here.
I ^Uncovered, short pier
not regnarly operated :
any boat may use
, pier.
+• + +
+•
+•
+
- + +
+ +
+ +
None
None
None
None
None I
None
None
None
^^t<
No crews nor water on barges.
None
None
None
•Active" and
-_iton" are com-
bined tugs and water
boats and sell water
to vessels.
Liners and tramps dock-
ing here also obtain
water at foreign ports.
No water on pier which
is used by tramp
steam ships in general
freight business. Sev-
eral hundred vessels
tie up here annually.
Barges used for trans-
fer of freight cars.
•Sold to city and about
to be abandoned.
None Vessels do not take
j water at pier.
Digitized by
Google
1334
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
TABUIxA^TION OF THBi USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIBRS SOUTH OF li(ARKBT STBEBT.
Pier Number and OccopanL
I
City
Water.
ON PIBBS.
Blver
Water.
I
Wdl
Water.
Bot-
i
I
No. 40. I
Phila. Harbor Transfer Co.. Lea-; 10
No. 41.
Sontbem Steamship Co..
40
No water on pier.
+ +
None
None
Nos 4S-M
City of Phladelpbla. '..
Nos. 4&-48-6S-66-CT.
International^ Mercantile Marine;
Company.
800
+
Nos. SMO-n. I I
Spreckels Sngar Beflnlnff Com- 1 1,000 +
pany. I
Nos. 83-68.
B. ft O. R. E. Oo I 10 I +
~ +
- + - +
None
No. 04. I I
(Tasker St. Wharf) . Darid France li !-•
ft Company. | j
I I
None
Nos. 67-68-60.
Wm. J. McCahan Sugar Beflnlnjc 400 4. — _ —
Company.
Nos. 70-72.
__ ons Company
and FertlUzer Plant)
- + - +♦
None
Non«*
None
None
None
Baugta ft Sons Company (Chemical. 450' + — — -|. _-4-_+*, _ u.
— .• n_Mii — ™-iit). I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DEI^ WARE RIVER— Continued
1386
YBSSBL OB LINB.
OoaatwlBe. TrftBMtlantlc,
Btc. BiT«r.
ON VB8SKLS.
caty
Water.
RlTer
Wftter.
WeU
Wftter.
BeiDftrkB.
Dncorered. short pier, for
rlTer boftts for freight
tnuiofer.
Southern Bteamehlp Oo.
Line. Eight steftmers:
frelffht: coastwise.
Southern Steamship Co.
To Soath American
ports; passenaer; freight.
Sonth Atlantic.
American Line.
To European ports; pas-
senger; freight; trans-
atlantic.
Atlantic Transport Line.
To Soathampton
senger; freight:
atlantle.
Holland-American Line.
To Holland; passenger;
freight : transatlantic.
Red Star Line.
To Enropean ports; pas-
; freight: trans-
atlantic.
pas-
Freight steamers from
West Indian and South
American ports; carry-
ing sugar.
Carribean. etc. Freight
only.
Used as tie-np point for general freight
business.
+
- + +
None
None
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
None
- + +
Float hargea.
None
None
None
None
None
Nime , None
None
None!
No crews nor water on barges.
Sand barges. Delaware + — —
rWer and Chesapeake bay
ports; river, etc. |
+•
None
Freight steamers from ' None*
West Indian and South .
American ports. Carry- '
Ing sugar. Carribean.
etc.: freight only. |
- + -1- 1 None
i
None
Pier to be torn down
shortly by city. __
Line of steamers to
Charleston. Jackson-
Tille. Tampa, and
Port Arthur.
Closed. Condemned and
to be demolished.
None The liners also buy wa-
ji ter from rlTer-boats.
There is a United
States Immigrant Sta-
Nonej tion on No. SS.
None
Freight boats, tramps.
steamers and sailing
▼easels; to all ports;
coastwise ; transatlantic :
rtrer.
No water to yessels from pier.
*Abandoned well <m
premises. 48 million
gallons dally Delaware
river water used In
sugar plant. No dual
pipe connections; fac-
tory at rear of pier.
VesRels get water
from water-boats.
Barges used for trans-
fer of freight cars.
*HaTe steam sbovel on
pier. Captains of
barges take Delaware
river water for drink-
ing. Also get supply
from various ports.
•River water for boilers
and condensing. No
water from pier. Buy
from water-boa tn. Fac-
tory at rear of pier.
•River water for boil-
ors. Drilled well on
premises. Report "No
connection between
river and city water
lines.**
Digitized by
Google
1336
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIERS SOUTH OF MARKET STBBBTT.
Pier Number and OccQlwiit.
ON PIERS.
City
Water.
River
Water.
il,i
;i^
■'i.i
Weil I Dot-
Water. tied.
t
e
o
Nos. 79-74-75. ^ i I
Philadelphia Ship Repair Oom- 150 1 None on pier
pany. |
-L
I
None
+ + - +
No. 80.
B. ft O. R. R. Co..
Pier burned ; not in serrice.
No. 81.
B. ft O. R. R. Co. (Coal Wharf),
+
Nob. n-9S-»4.
Penna. Salt Manufacturing Com-
pany.
No. 108.
General Manufacturing Co.. Lee-
■ee. Fertiliser Plant.
Nob. 1M-10&.
American Agricultural Chemical
Company. Fertiliser and Acid
Works.
Noa. 10» to Ul (InclualTe).
P. R R. Co. (Greenwich Coal
Pien).
Point House Wharf.
P. R. R. Co. (Lumber and Tie •
Pier).
700 , +
None
200
None
GOO 1 None
- +•
None
+•+ + -
+ +♦- +
Nona
(Remarks)
None (a)
None
Bulkhead P. R. R. Co. (Oreosot-
ing Plant).
40{
None
- +•
+ +
+ , -
PIERS NORTH OF MARKET STREET TO PORT RICHMOND.
Market Street Feny SUps. P.
R. B.
100 4- +
+ +
None
Digitized by
Google
Xo. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER^-Oontinued.
1337
YBSSEL OB LIMB.
Goutwiae, TraiiMtlantlc.
Etc. BlTer.
ON VBSaBLS.
Water.
BlTer
Wfttar.
Well
Wftter.
BemarkB.
Boats for repair. All
kinds.
None
- + +
None <
Two floatinff diy docks
Shops at rear of piers.
Drilled well on prs-
▲ny kind of Teseels dock None on
for coaling purposes. , pier
».« ___ — ■•;
Freight boats. All de- !
scriptions. BlTer and
Banees only. Two men
on each baxse; rlTer.
No water from pier.
Ocean and rlTer frdght-
ers; all kinds.
No water from piers.
All kind of TesseU dock |
here for coaling pnr- i
No water from piers.
Lamber boats, coastwlie
and rlTer. with raw
material dock here.
No water from piers.
Chartered railroad boats
get cargo here: rlTcr.
No water from pier.
BlTer water pumped to
tank ; piped aboot
plant: need bj loco-
motlTes. Pipe ays-
terns separate.
*Bmplojes hsTe aceesi
to rlTer water rappbr.
Placards posted. Make
snlphnrlc add. alnms,
and copper compoonds.
Plant rear of pier.
•BlTer water for lire
Benrice from American
I Agrlenltnral Chemical
I Company plant near-
by. Freight barges
with animal wastes
dock '
Plant at rear of pi
*BiTer water distill
Jer.
^ -«vllled
for drinking. Two
drilled wells on pre-
mises, abandoned.
*BlTer water pomped to
tanks thence piped
abont plant; need by
employees. Water
boats supply Tessels
while coaling here,
a. Melted ice nsed In
office.
•Water taken from Cre-
osotlng plant adjoin-
ing.
•Employees here are
train and yessel crews.
•BlTer water piped to
two honaes at rear of
wharf for general nse
by employees of com-
pany.
Six ferry boats to 0am-
•Clty water fbr drink-
ing and laTatory pur-
poses, except flushing
for which riTcr water
is used.
Digitized by
Google
1338
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIBB8 NO&TH OF MARKBT STREET TO PORT RICHMOND.
Pier Namber and OccQiMUit.
i
ON PIERS.
aty
Water.
i
ii
1
RiTtr
Water.
Wdl
Water.
.
g
i
i
Q
1
I
Bot-
tw.
Not. 1-2-S.
Clyde Steamship Com-
of Maine.
No. 4.
'TalC^eater Shii»ping Companj. 20
(b)PhilBdelplilB - Hancocas - Mt.,
Hollj Trans. Cbmpany.
(c)Bridffeton Steamship Com-
panj.
(d) Odessa Steamboat Company,
(e) Smyrna Steamboat Company,
(f)Phlladelphia-Salem Frelcbt
Company.
(ir)See Remarks.
+ +
None
None
+ +
— — +• — I None
No. B.
(a) United Fmlt Company ....
(b) Lebanon Navlffation Co.
No. 9.
(a)Snn Oil Company.
+ +
(b) Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
ranta.
(c) Harbor Transfer Company.
(d)L. V. R. R. Company.
(Owner).
No. 10.
(a)Caneo Importing Company,..
No water on pier.
+ +
None
NOM
(b) Trenton Transportation Com-
pany
(c)Clty of Philadelphia (Own-'
^ I
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER— Continued .
1339
YBSSBL OR LINB.
Ocwrtwiae. TraiiMtUntic.
Etc. Riyer.
ON YESSBLS.
City
Wftter.
River
Water.
Well
Wftter.
Freight steamers only :
coastwise; lines to
Souttaem ports: New
York, Boston snd New
Bngland; twenty boats.
(a) Three steamers: to
Chester; freight ; rlTsr.
(b) Yan SdTer Line: one
steamer **Admlral;*' to
Mt. Holly; flight;
(c) One steamer "Pros-
pect": to Brldgeton; pas-
senger; firelght; ri-ver.
(dTOne steamer "Olio" ;
to Odessa; passenger;
freight; river.
(e) One steamer "Fran-
kie;" to Smyrna;
freight; river.
(f) Two steamers "aty
of Salem" and "Ade-
frelght: to Salem and
Baltunore; river, canal.
(a) Fonrteen steamers :
passenger; freight;
fnrit trade; to west
Indies; Oarribean. etc.
(b) One steamer: pas-
senger; freight; to
liebanon; Del. river.
(a) Lighters only ; freight ;
+
(b) HartKyr Master: pa- +•
trol boat; river.
(c) Lighters only; freight; No water
(d) Qu lloati'; freight; No water
+
-I-
+
+
- + +
+ + +
- + +
+ + -I-
- + -I-
- + +
- + +
None
None
None
None
None I *No water supplied to
vessels at theae piers.
None I (a) These steamers oc-
I' caalonally get Dela-
I ware river water at
I' Lincoln Park. N, J.,
,1 for all purposes.
None 1 1 <b) Steamer got water
None
f (Rem) I None
+ (Rem)
None
+
- + +
(a) Biz steamers; to i + " —
West Indies; fieight;
Oarribean. etc. |
(b) F^r steam barges ; , +• — —
to Trenton: freight;
river,
(e) Two dty lire boats;
+ +
+ +
- + +
None
None
None';
None I
None
None
None
from Delaware riTar
early part of year
19U.
(c)At times got Deln-
ware river water at
Lincoln Park. N. J.
(d) Steamer gets drink-
ing water from *H3an-
nery" well at Odeasa.
(e)Steamer nses wdl
water obtained from
dock at Smyrna.
(f)"aty of Salem"
uses dty water gen-
erally; Philadelphia
or Baltimore water
occasionally,
(g) Steamers "Sylvan
Olen" and '*Sylvan
Dell** : ezc n r s 1 o n
boats ; Philadelphia to
Washington Park;
May to September.
Steamers "Oolambla" ;
ezcnrsion. Philadel-
phia to Trenton ; May
to September. Pnmp.
None!
None,
_ i
None
*Water from mnnldpal
wharf at Race street.
*One steam barge nses
Trenton water only.
Water boats at times
get water at this pier.
This is a donble-deck
recreation pier.
Digitized by
Google
1340
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIBRS NORTH OF MARKBT 8TBBBT TO FORT RICHMOND.
iMer Number and OccniMint.
§
§
2
ON PIBRS.
Cltj
Wftter.
RlTer
Wftter.
WA
1
Wftter. 1
L
1
M
1
1
1
1
Bot
t
§
Nos. 11-1&
B. ft O. R. R. Co.. ..
Nofl. IS-li-lS.
P. R. R. Co
Vine Street Ferry SUpe.
P. R. R
No. 1».
(a)IUlian Lines Comi»ftn7
(b)PhUadelpWa * New Orleaiui
Cte.
See alao Remarka.
No. M.
Allan Line Steamship Oompany,
Lessee.
No. S.
(a ) Philadelphia Tranaatlantie
Line.
(b)Dull Line.
No. • W.
(a^HoIIand-Ampricsn Line.
(b)ScandanaTlan Line.
+ + '- -
+ +
None
Nono
+ + +•
NOM
+ +
None
+ +
+ + -
+ + -
Nona
Nos. 29-W. ^
"Apple Yard," P. * R. Rj. Ob..^ »
No. C. ^
Alex. Kmt Brothers ft OompanyJ ^
LMsee. I
No. sa.
Geo. W Knffler and Sons Com-, 1^
psny.
+ (Office only)
+•
+•
Noa. SS-S4. ^1
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Oonv » : — + — —
Pftny. i
1
No water ob pl« wUek
No water 00 pisr
Nona
NoM ' ^
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER^-Continueo.
1341
VBSSEL OB LINE.
Coftctwise. TranufUntlc.
Etc. River.
ON VBSSBLS.
City
Water.
i Rirer
Wftter.
Well
Water.
i
a I
Barice*
onlj;
nrer.
freight;
Barges carry no water nor cr^wa.
Borxee
ODlj;
rirer.
trelght; |
Bargee carry no water nor erewa.
Tbree f erty boata ;
Cajndoi; paaeenge
freight; river.
(a) Ten steamers: four
lines; pasaengw;
freight; tranaatlantic.
(1) Italian line.
(2) The La Yeloce Go.
(3) The NaTigaxlone Gen-
erale Itallana Oompany.
(4) Uoyd Itallano Go.
(b) Three steamers; to
Gharleeton and New Or-
b; coastwise:
freight.
None
+
None
+
Three steamers to St.
Johns, Halifax. Glasgow
and Lirerpool; pasaen-
ger and ftelght Ooast-
transatlsntic.
(a) Four steamers to Lon-
don; Transatlantic;
freight.
(b) Four steamers to Scot-
land; transatlantic;
freight.
(a) Four steamers:
Rotterdam: transat-
lantic; freight,
(b) Poor steamers
Copenhagen; transat-
lantic; freight.
to
to
'- I
+
+
+•
+
- +
None
None
None
+ ;
None
None
+ I
+
None
None
Barges nsed for freight
transfer.
Barges nsed for freight
transfer.
None, •Raw rirer water at
I heating plant ; no dual
connection. Orews on
' boats use Gamden city
water ; pnblic not sup-
plied.
None'
None
None
None
None
None
None
No boats dock here.
1
Is need for storage of
salt only.
'
Lamber tyrges;. freight
only. Ooastwise and
rirer.
None
None
None
None
era: bMgea; freight (•) ;
coastwise and rirer.
None
None
None
None
(a)Liner8 take water
at other ports.
(b) Boats not aUowed
to take water at other
porta.
United States Immigra-
tion Station on this
pier.
•Vessels alao get water
at other porta.
•Solely an import pier.
*Solely an Import pier.
Vessels get city water
at Port Richmond.
Two open short piers;
storage only. Water
in office only.
•Water for employees
brought on In buckets
(city supply).
•Water for employees
brought on In buckets
(city supply).
•These ressels bring in
ties, stone and sand.
Digitized by
Cnogl(
1342
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIBBS NOBTH OF MARKET STRBBT TO. PORT RIGEHMOND.
Pier Number and Occapant.
■a
i
Olty
Water.
ON PIBBS.
RiTer
Water.
Well
Water.
Bot-
tled.
I
O
No. 86.
Comworth Bell CJompany. Lessee. |
+•
No water en pier
No. 861. , I
American Ice Company. Lessee.
50 + + -
None
No. 88. 1
Chas. P. Pelin & Co.. Lessees.,
10
40'
10
12
7
60
2,
14
50,
700
2.- 1
1
1
+
-
-
-
_ +
None
-
Nos. W-88. 1
TTAnann A Ntphola
+
4-
-
No water on pier No.
87.
None
' +
No. 8d. i
PlavfAn W Nichols
+
+
—
—
- + - -
None
1
I
No. 40. 1
B. ft 0. R. R. Co.. Lessee !
1
+
+
-
-
None
None
1 .
No. 41. 1
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Com-
pany. Lessee. |
No water on pier.
+
No. 42. 1
Obas. F. Felin ft Co.. Lessee 1
+
+
-
-
None
4-
1
1
No. «>. i
P. ft R. Ry. Co.. Laurel Street
Freight Station. \
+
+
-
+
None
None
1
No. 44.
Watson Malone ft Sons, Lessee. 1
+
+
+
-
-
None
None
-
No. 46.
J jsr pAXBon Gomoanr
-
—
—
- + - 4
None
No. 46.
PennsyWania Sugar Company {
+
+
-
-
+•
None
' -
No. 47.
-f
'-
-
+
.None
None
'
1
Nos. 4S-4S-EO.
P. R. R. Co
♦-
-
+
-
\ 'one
None
1
Sl.nckrimaxon Ferry Slips. P. R.
B. Co.
f
4-
~
—
Nfl n?
None
1
Digitized by V
ZOOQ
le
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER— Continued.
1343
VBSSIIL OR LINB.
OoastwlM, Transatlmntlc.
Etc. RiTer.
ON YBSfiBLS.
GltJ
Water.
RlTer
Water.
WeU
Water.
Beiparka.
Lumber baivea: freight; I
riTer.
Barges get no water here.
Sailing
ice; coaatwise and
bring in
ind rlTer.
+•
None
None
Veaaela : ooaatwiae and
rlTcr; bring in lumber.
+•
None
None
Veawls; ooaatwiae and
riTor; bring in lumber.
Lumber TeaaeU ; coaatwiae
and riTer; freight only.
Float banes; river;
freight; might trans-
fer.
Goal baigea; river freight.
Boata cannot get water here.
Boata cannot get water here.
*Git7 water for em-
Eloyes brought on pier
1 buckets. Short
covered pier for lum-
ber storage only.
None ' Yeasels get no water
here. Reported as
' buying from water
I boats.
None I Vessels cannot get wa-
ter here.
No crews nor water on barges.
Box factory on wharf.
Barges docking here
get Delaware river
water near Wilming-
ton.
Barges cannot get water here.
Towing tugs cannot get
water at this pier.
Short, open pier.
Steamers, sailing vessels
and baiges; coastwise
and river freight.
Steamers, sailing veaseto.
barges : river; freight.
Steamers and sailing ves-
sels; ooastwise; freight.
Twenty steam barges ;
river; freight (sand
and gravel).
Vessels docking here get water elsewhere.
+ -
- +
None
None
Vessels get no water here; buy from
water boats.
Steamers. To Buropeau
and West Indian ports.
Freight only.
Scows and barges: river; ^
freight. '
None ' *Short pier; barges get
i water from Delaware
river near Wilming-
ton and Lardner's
I poinL
None ; •River water filtered at
I plant
None , I Short pltf .
X
Freight boata dock here; i Ocean going boats buy water from water , Pier No. 48 is a short
Coastwise; transatlantic boats. pier,
and river.
One ferry boat; to Cra-
mer Hill; Camden;
passenger; freight; river.
None*
+
None I None I *For crew on boat Cam-
I den city water la sup-
I I piled ; none for public.
86
Digitized by
Google
1344 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
TABULATION OP THE USE OF WATER ON PIERS
PIERS NOBTH OF MARKBT STBBBT TO PORT RICHMOND.
Pier Namber and Occapant.
I
I
I
ON PISRS.
Cltj
Water.
aiTer
1
WcU
1
Water. |
Water.
^
-• 1
1
s
i
1
\
9
1
9
1
1
No. 61.
S. y. Vrooman ft Oompaoy. Saw
and Planing MIU.
No. 62.
J. W. Janney
No. 6S.
Frank Merrlhew * Son. LeBsees.
No. 64.
General Chemical Company. Les-
No. 66.
American Ice Company. Leasea...
No. 66
Cbaa. Lennig ft Company. Leuee.
No. 67.
City of PhiUdelpWa Recreation
Pier and fire boat atation.
Nob. 6M0-61.
Philadelphia Electric Company.
No. 611.
Porter-Gildereleeye Company.
Nos. 62-66.
Nofl. 621-66-01.
Kensington Shipyard Company,
No. 66. _-..-
Hoghes ft Patterson RoUing Mill,
No. «T.
De Frain Sand Company. Building
Materials.
Nos. 68^.
Wm. M. Lloyd Lumber.
No. TO.
City of Philadelphia, owner Re-
creation pl^r and Susquehanna
Ayenne Ferry Slip. Morgan ft
Hansbury,
+ - + - +
+ - + -
None
+ _ + _ +
NOM
Noo*
None
4.™4._ — -I- I Nona
30 + - +
Rlyer water on pier in buckets for lire.
None otherwise.
+•
None
Piers not operated.
None
- +♦+ -
l.OOOi
- + + + None
No water on these three plcn.
+ J - + -+•
80 + -+ + -.
+ + - +
12 +-»- !- +
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER— Continued .
1345
ON VESSBLS
_..
'I
II
VB88S)L OR UNB.
Coastwise. Tranutlaiitlc.
Etc. Rtver.
(Mty
Water.
River
Water.
Well
Water.
1
!
. 1
1;
i
1
1
1
1
1
^
1
1
i
1
Bottled.
Remarks.
Frclfbt boats; coastwise ,
and river.
Vcsseln get water from water boats.
Frelfht boats; coastwise j Vessels usually boy water from water I
and river. boats bat can obtain it at pier. i
Coal barges ; freight :
river.
None
+•
None
None
*BargeB get water from
North Delaware river.
Private freight ferry; no
water used.
Lumber barges ; rivetr ;
freight.
Freight boats: coastwise
and riv^.
Fire boat: '^W. 8. Stoke-
ly;»* river.
Deck Ughtert: freight
Ships of aU kinds dock
here for general reiwir
None
None
None
Boats do not obtain water at pier.
+
+
None
None
None
None
None
None
+
None
None
None
Pier not in operation; rolling mill shut down.
Barges obtain water
fM>m South Delaware
river.
*From hydrant in park
adjoining pier: juat
south of pier the wa-
ter boats obtain wa-
ter from lire hydrant.
*Hand pump. Thla pier
Is a public dump for
street refoae.
Vessels, being repaired,
get water supply from
these piers. Prior to
September Uth. int.
a dual pipe connection
existed here.
I *When mill operates
I river water is used
I generally for manu-
, f acturing pur poses ;
I city water for drink-
Sand and gravel baigea;
freight; river.
None
+•
None
None I
*Baiges obtain water
from North Delaware
All types of lumber ves-
sels: coastwise and
rtvtf ; freight.
Vessels get no water here; patronise
water boats.
One fenr boat;
ger and freight: nvcri
to Cramer Hul, Camden.
+•
+
None
None
•For crews only. Pier
also used as storage
house and supply yard
of Third District of
City Water Bureau.
86—14—1916
Digitized by
Google
1346
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON PIHRS
PIBRfl NORTH OF MARKET 8TRBBT TO PORT RIGHMOMD.
Pier Namber and OccniMUit.
I
I
ON
0117
Wator.
Wftter.
I
Wator.
i
No. 71.
Two LoMeco;
(a) Seaman ft Menangh
(b5wm. McAlltoter.
10
.---
-
None
-
No. 72L
Haineaport Mining and Transpor-
tation Oompany. Leasee.
80
20
6,000
No water oB pier
Noa. 76-7ft.
B. and S. Tranaportatlon Co.. Lea-
see. Towinff.
+ + + -
None
Nona
—
Nos. 77 to 8S, IndoslTe. 8M«
and No. » (Port Rich-
mond Pier).
Wm. Cramp ft Bons Bnfflne Bolld-
inff Oompany.
+ + + -
- + - +
Nona
*•
PIERS NORTH OF MARKET BTRBBT— PORT RICHMOND TO CITY LINB
Nos. 1 to 14. InclnalTe. 1«-1S. and
Piers A. B. C. D. O, H. J.
P. ft R. By. Co.. owner. Port
Richmond TermlnaL
1.700
+ +
- +•
Nona
One Pier (Unnnmbered). *
Foot of Allegheny ATenne. dty,
of Philadelphia, owner. Recrea-
tion Pier.
No water on pier.
Nos. 171-178.
Pearson ft Lodaacher Lnmberi 60
Company. Lessee.
.---!-.-.
None
+
Two Piers (Unnnmbered).
Foot of Tioga Street. United Gai 860
+ - + - - + - +
Nona
'
Foot of Venango Street. M. L. 126
Shoemaker ft 0>.. Mannfaotore,
FertUiaers. '
+ - + - +
1
+
—
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
AND VESSELS:— DELAWARE RIVER^-Continucd.
1347
VBBSBL OB LIMB.
OoutwlM. Tmnwitlmtlc.
Btc. BlTW.
ON VB8SBL8.
01t7
Water.
Btrer
Water.
Well
Water.
Bemarkt.
Lumber boats; freigtat
only; coatrviie and
rlTer.
1
Do not get water at tfais pier.
1
moat and tteam benea;
frelsbt onU: riyer.
Barges do not get water bere.
Canal boats, banes, and
tmes; freight: rirer.
None !-».•-.+
1
None
None
•Boats pump water from
rirer at pier.
▲U Unda of Teasela built
here. Indodlng men-
of-war.
+•
+
None
None
1
i •Piers 79. 89. 86 and W
hare rirer water in-
takes; warning signs
printed in s& lan-
gpages. posted at all
river taps.
All kinds of craft; coast-
wise, transatlantic and
river; dock here.
Freight only. Piers A.
B. O. D, are export
piers and leaaed Ixji—
l^
PhiU. Transatlantic
Line.
(8) Boll Line.
(4) Holland- American Line.
(5) Scandanarian Line.
Deck lighters ; freight ;
+
+
None
None
Lighters cannot get water at this pier.
•On piers Noe. 12 and
14. On pier No. 12 is
a grain elevator. Piers
Nos. 18-14 are iron ore
wharvea. Piers G-H
need for general heavy
nht bosiness. Pier
or car transfer
floats. Dn^l pipe con-
nections severed in
1918L
It is ttsed aa landing for
small river passoiger
Freight boats: coastwise
and river.
•
Boats cannot get water at these piers.
Coal bargee; freight only;
river.
Barges cannot get water at these piers.
Employees have access
to river water; no
warning notices post-
ed.
Digitized by
Google
1348
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. I>oc.
TABULATION OP THE USE OF WATER ON
BUI^HEADS ALONG EAST BANK.
1
1
ON BULKHEADS.
OCCUPANT or BULKHEAD.
City Water.
River Water.
Well or
Spring Wat
er.
Bottled.
bo
1
•1
1
bo
1
1
1
Q
s
1
O
Oinrd Point Storage Company-
Grain EleTatora.
80
6
None
-
4
4
n -
1
-
Peoples Brothers, Lessee, Street
Refuse Dump.
None
—
(•)
+
4 (a)
.
~"
Atlantic Refining Company
2,000
4
(•)
4
4
, None
United Gas Improyement Com-
pany—Lessee.
400
+ -
—
—
4
+
None
—
American Incinerating Company,
Plant shut !
down
PhiUdelphia Rubber Co
126
4
■ -
-
(•)
4
4
4-
4
! None
-
+
Barrett Mfg. Company, Leasee...
200
' None
D. B. Martin Company. Abat-
toir.
50
+
4
4
—
(•)
+
None
—
+
Harrison Brothers & Company,
Chemical Works.
800
-f
4
"
(a^)
4
None
i
-
The Frederick B. Gerry Company,
Builders * Contractors.
900
-I-
■ -
—
_
+
4
None
—
—
United States Government Ar-
senal.
800
50
-f
4
?
None
—
None
—
—
Phila. Electric Co., Station "A."
__
+
+
1 None
—
__
De Frain Sand Company,
40
-t
■ 4
—
None
1 None
j
-
Phila. Rapid Transit Co. Way
Shop.
80
4
■ 4
+
None
None
—
John C. Hancock, Lessee, Coal
Yards.
25
+ 4
~
1 None
None
+
H. C. Fox A Sons, Inc., Glass
Mfrs.
375
21
4
- 4
—
i -
(•)
4-
I None
George B. Newton Coal Company.
4
■ -
. —
1 -
4
4-
1 None
Charles F. Felln and Co., Lessee,
Lnmber Yard.
2
George B. Newton Coal Co., Les-
see.
18
Samuel B. and J. J. Donaghy
Coal Yard.
15
I No water supply
- - 4
- +
None
None
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OV HICALTH.
BULKHEADS AND VESSELS :-SCHtJYLKILL RIVER.
1340
ON VESSELS.
VESSELS.
Coastwise.
Transatlantic.
RWer.
City Water.
RlTer Water.
1
9
Q
1
•s
1
Remarks.
Grain Tessels (chartered). Coast-
wise and Transatlantic.
+ (a) -
I
None — 1
•Drilled well, (a) Vewiels get
water from water boats when
in this port.
fuse from yarlous wharres
along jiven.
None —
None -
•For boilers, (a) Scow crews get
water at times from well at
Penrose Perry Bridge Hotel.
Nearly three hundred oil vessels
(all chartered) - (Coast-wise)
dock at bolkheads of this com-
pany. Annually — Company
owns three tugs and flTe
barges— River.
+ (a) -
None — !
(a) City water supplied bv
company's tugs, two being
water boats.
Five Coal Barges— River— dock
here weekly— also six sand
barges- yearly.
+ - -
None -
No vessels dock here
•River water filtered at plant.
Schooners from Central America
and coal and sand barges-
River— dock here.
Get no water here —
eqhooners bring asphalt trom
Central America. Sand barges
get Delaware river water at
Florence. N. J. Coal banrea
bring coal from DeUwire rif S
piers.
Ooal and sand barges and
schooners— River— dock here o*'-
caalonally.
Get no water here —
*^^n ^"*^' "'^ '"*' ^*"*»*nff
Four Tramp Steamers dock here
annually — Classification un-
known. Coal and sand barges
-River.
Get no water here —
1
. •Reflltered at plant. (a) For
, boilers-filtered at plant.
Four lumber Schooners— Coast-
wise—dock here annually.
No water from bulkhead — \
1
No boats dock here
•Reflltered at plant.
Eight river coal barges dock here
weekly.
Get no water here —
•Reflltered at plant.
Sand, gravel and coal barges-
river.
No boats dock here
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
+ - -| -,■
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Get no water here - } •Riyer water used for boilers.
One river coal barge docks here
! Get no wi
Iter here —
weekly.
No boats dock here
1
Three river coal barges dock
Get no water here — 1
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Gft no water here —
1
Digitized by
Google
1350
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
TABULATION OF THE USB OF WATER ON BULK-
BULKHBADS ALONG BAST BANK.
OCCUPANT or BULKHBAD.
ON BULKHBADS.
City Water.
M
fl
M
a
9
%4
River Water.
Well or
1
Spring Water.
1
t
■S
*
i
3
M
i
1
Q
c
•2
B
1^
Bottled.
e
o
American Ice and Coal Company.
P. Elmer Weltzel Brother and
Bona, Leasee— Lumber Yard.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company.
Robert Pattprson A Sons, Coal, I
Sand and Gravel. I
+ -
None
None
No water supply
John Lang Paper Company j 130
Ford A Kendlg Co., Plumbing i 64
Supplies. I
Knickerbocker Lime Company, ...| 60
- + -
— I None
+ - -
+ -
None
None
Penn Reduction Co., Lessee, ...
None
None
None
None
None
8 ' Get water from Bulkhead occupied by Knlcker-
I bocker Lime Company.
Peoples Brothers, Lessee,
Gonroy Coal Company, Lessee,
12
Phila. Electric Co., Station •'O,",
H. D. Stratton Ice Company, ... 16
Thomas Lockbart Co., Dirt 1
Wharf. I
None
+ +
None
None
None
None
None
BULKHEADS ALONG WEST BANK.
Atlantic Refining Company (a) [ -f —
Gulf Refining Company,
Penn Bteductlon Company,
John Maxwell A Sons, Lessee,
Stone A Granite Works.
Franklin Smith, Lessee, Lumber
Yard.
Baney ft White Co.,
Lumber Yard.
Lessee,
Pintsch ComproBslng Co.. Lessee,
Charles Warner Co., Leasee.
Sand, Gravel ft Stone.
I (b) + +
None
— I None
+ -
+ -
None
None
None
None
+ - - - + -
None
None
None
None
None
None
(a) + -
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
HEADS AND VESSELS :— SCHUYLKILL RIVER— Continued .
1351
VESSELS.
Coastwise.
TransatUntic.
River.
ON VESSELS.
City Water.
Blver Water.
Remarks.
Foot rlrer coal barges dock here Get no water here
weekly.
Three lumber schooners and
three lamber barges dock bore
monthly.
A police boat and a river launch <
dock here.
+ -
-I
- + ,
dock here— river.
Get
no
water
here '
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Oct
no
water
here
Three river coal barges dock
here weekly.
Get
no
water
here
rive coal, sand, and gravel
bargea dock here weekly— river.
Get
no
water
here
rive garbage scows dock here—
river.
Get
no
water
here '
Cy>al. sand and gravel bargea-
river.
Get
no
water
here
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Get
no
water
here
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Get
no
water
here
One river coal barge docks here
weekly.
Get
no
water
here
Two dirt scows dock here— river.
Get
no
water
here
See data given for balkhead of
Atlantic Refining Company on
the east bank of the Schuylkill
river.
Three ateamera and one barge
dock here— coastwise.
Vive garbage barges dock here—
HTer.
Sand barges and schooners carry-
ing stone and lumber dock here
— KMMstwise.
Schooners and barges carrying
lumber dock here— coastwise.
Schooners and barges carrying
lumber dock here— coastwise.
Get
no
water here
+ -
- 1 None -
Get
no
water here —
Get
no
water here —
Get
no
water here
(a) Population of two thousand
given for bulkhead of Atlantic
Refining Company on east bank
of river Includes employees at
this bulkhead. (b) Water
pumped by tug boats Into
mains in case of fire.
I (a) ror boilers.
No boats dock here
Barges carrying sand, gravel and None
stone dock here— river.
(t) - -
(a) Barges obtain water from
Delaware river at Florence,
N. J.
Digitized by
Google
1352
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc.
TABULATION OF THE USE OF WATER ON BULK
BULKHEADS ALONG WEST BANK.
OCCUPANT or BULKHEAD.
ON BULKHEADS.
City Water.
I
Rlyer Water.
Well or
BottM.
Sprlnc Water.
ti
^
1
1
1
1
George B. Newton Coal Com-
pany.
Vermont Marble Company,
Stokefl Brothera Co., Lemee,
Lumber Yard.
P. H. Falrlamb, Sand, Gravel
and Stone.
George B. Newton Coal Company,
24 + + + None
None
-f + +
4- + -
None
None
+ + -
+ None
8 -f- + + None None
Weat Phila. Stock Yard
Lessee.
Co..
4
6
+
+
4-
None
None
+
Penna. Ballroad Pumping
tlon.
Sta-
None
None
4-
(a)
None
-
R^nrv Holt Li^sfi^fi •
-H
4-
—
None
—
Barber Asphalt Co.. Lessee
80
+
+
4-
None
None
4-
Atlantic Refining Company
4
1
4
1
20
+
4-
—
None
None
; —
Mrs. J. J. Clancy. Lessee
+
4-
~"
None
None
1 ^
+
4-
—
None
1
None
Bernard Connard. Leasee
+
4-
—
None
1
None
-
PaodIab Brothers. I>8M^^. .%
+
4-
"~
None
1
None
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH.
HEADS AND VESSELS :— SCHUYLKILL RIVER— Continued .
1363
1
ON VESSELS.
1
City Water.
Slver Water.
VESSELS.
Remarks.
Coaatwiae.
;
1
TranBatlantlc.
Blrer.
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
River coal bargee dock here
+
(a)
(t, -
~*
RiTer barges carryiog sand and
stone dock here.
None
A -
"
dock here.
Get no wa
ter here
—
River barges carrying sand,
gravel and stone dock here.
None
ct) -
"
River coal barges dock here
,t, - -
(t, -
No hoAta dock here
Three tng boats and six mannre
barges dock here— river.
None
(t, -
Barges carrying asphalt, sand
and stone dock here— Coastwise
and river.
+ - -
+ -
(a)
~~
River barges carrying oil dock
her«.
Get no wa
iter here
River barges carrying manure
dock here.
None
(t,
~~
rjlng manore dock here— river.
None
(a)
River barges carrying manure
dock here.
None
(a)
—
Poor river barges, which carry
dirt, ashes, and refuse, dock
here.
+ - -
1 None
—
(a) Barges obtain city water
from piers on the Delaware
river and river water from the
Schuylkill canal above Read-
ing. Pa.
a) Bai^eis obtaint water Xn>m
Delaware river at Florence,
N. J.
(a) Barges obtain water from
Delaware river at Florence,
N. J.
V.
Barges obtain city water
>m piers on the Delaware
river and river water from the
Schuylkill canal above Bead-
ing, Pa.
(a) River water is pumped into
locomotive tanks.
(a) Boats obtain water from
Delaware river near Lincoln
Park, N. J.
(a) River barges obtain water
from Delaware river at Flor-
ence, N. J.
(a) Barges obtain water from
Delaware river near Lincoln
Park. N. J.
(a) Barges obtain water from
Delaware river near Llnct^
Park. N. J.
(a) Barges obtain water from
Delaware river near Lincoln
Park, N. J.
Digitized by
Google
1354 EIGHTH ANNUAL BEPOfiT OF THE OIF. Doe.
APPENDIX II.— REPORT OF AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF
BOTTLED WATERS IN PHIIADELPHIA .
Coincident with the investigation made by the State Health DepartmeDt of the
typhoid fever epidemic in the fall of 1913, an investigation was also carried on by
officers of the Department relative to the use of bottled waters in the city with a view
to determining what relation such water supplies may have had to the epidemic.
Examinations in detail were made of the establishments engaged in the botUing and
distribution of spring and other water supplies, this including an inquiry at each
place relative to the history of typhoid fever among the dealers, employees or their
families. After the data collected by the various officers of the Department were in
hand and had been studied most of the plants were revisited and verbal suggestions
given for improvements in the handling of the water, and in several instances the
suggestions were followed out. Practically all of the dealers interviewed appeared
desirous of improving the sanitary conditions under which their product waa pre-
pared.
In the report which follows much of the detailed information respecting these
various concerns is omitted, although it is in possession of the Department, and an
attempt is here made to summarize the facts obtained and to offer certain sug-
gestions, which if followed, it is believed wUl have the effect of rendering more
safe the use of such water supplies.
The investigation conducted by the Department consisted of an inspection of the
sources of supply, the methods of bottling and distribution together with the ob-
taining of samples of water for bacteriological analysis, both from the sources of
supply and from the containers in which tne water is delivered to the consumers.
Generally, the investigation concerned the use of all bottled waters in the city and
specifically covered in detail only the locally bottled drinking waters. For obvious
reasons the investigations concerning bottled waters shipi^ into the city from
remote sources did not include an inspection of the sources of supply or the methods
of bottling as these waters are shipped from various points in the Union and also
imported from foreign countries, but a list of such waters has been prepared.
Also a list of the local bottlers of carbonated waters and soft drinks is included and
in a few instances these plants were investigated by the Department.
There is quite an extensive trade in bottled water in Philadelphia. Much of this
water is bottled in the city or within a short distance of it. Such supplies are
mostly distributed by the person or concern who does the bottling. There is a
large trade in such waters in office buildings, restaurants, hotela, raUroad stations.
and other buUdings of a public or semi-public nature. In addition to the locally
bottled waters a considerable quantity of such products shipped into the city is
handled by the drug stores, both retail and wholesale, and by various department
stores as well as by the larger hotels, but the use of such waters is small in com-
parison with the use of those locally bottled*.
In Philadelphia at the present time there is in the strict sense of the word no
licensing, of the bottled water business. It is understood by all peddlers that a
permit must be obtained to distribute their goods throughout tne dty, but this does
not constitute in any sense of the word, a regulation of the bottled water business.
This permit is simply a receipt exchanged for the license fee. Venders of all kinds
are taxed except the farmer who comes in from outside the city to sell his produce.
He is not required to take out a license. In addition there is a mercantile appraise-
ment and tax. The man who uses the Park Springs as a source of water to peddle
miist pay a tax of one dollar annually to the park commissioners. But all of these
facts relate to some form of taxation and have nothing to do with the reffalatiom
of the bottled water business. No supervision thereof, whatsoever, is undertaken
by any authority and there is no place of authority to which the Department was
able to go and get the names of those engaged in this kind of business.
The sources from which the various supplies are obtained comprise wells, springs,
and filtered surface supplies. There were found to be twenty-two persons or con-
cerns principally engaged in bottling and distributing water in the dty. In the
case of thirteen of these the supply is obtained from springs, seven of which are
located in Fairmount Park. Two dealers bottle water obtained from dug weDs
and seven dealers use a filtered surface supply, in each instance the supply being
taken from a public water works system. Six of these seven dealers subject the
water to a further treatment by refiltration, distillation, electrolysis, or osonatioin
In the description of the various supplies which follows the water is designated as
"still" water in distinction to that which is "carbonated." To the purchaser gen-
erally this bottled water represents a supply of water of a superior quality for
which he is willing to pay.
In practically every case investigated the source of supply appears to be leason-
nbly above suspicion, but in many cases there is danger of the product becoming
contaminated in the bottling processes or through failure to sterilise the coo-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONBR OF HEAI/FH. 1355
tainera «iid stoppers before they are used again. When bottles are not capped op-
portunity is given for dust to collect around the corks in transit to the consumer
and there is a possibility that the water may become contaminated in this manner.
At only six out of the twenty-two plants visited is any attempt made to sterilize
the containers and stoppers before they are re-used. At three of these plants steam
is used, at another a dry heat plant is in operation, at another the containers art
boiled, and at one plant the bottles and corks are subjected to the action of osone.
At four plants the old corks are not re-used. At six plants all botties are capped
with paper immediately after being filled, and two of the dealers capped only the
bottles which are supplied to the drug store trade.
In each of the plants bottles are corked by hand : at several this was apparently
the only danger spot in the whole operation, the degree thereof depending largely
upon the personal cleanliness of the operators. It is reported that experiments
have been made by some of the more progressive dealers to eliminate this possi-
bility, but no entirely satisfactory mechanism has yet been devised, consequently,
the manual method of corking the bottles is still used.
Office stands for holding inverted bottles are supplied by dealers to customers
desiring them. All of these stands operate on the same principle although there
are three types varying slightly in construction. The principle of operation is as
follows: The inverted bottle is supported by a circular shoulder forming the top
of the water chamber which ends in a spigot at the lower end. The water chamber
is surrounded by an annular space in which ice is placed and does not «ome in
contact with the water. In the interior chamber the water rises until it is slightly
above the mouth of the bottle thus sealing it from the entrance of air. As water
is drawn off at the spigot the level in the chamber falls below the mouth of the
bottle, and air is admitted to the latter so that water flows into the chamber and the
level rises until equUibrum is again established. Thus as the water level con-
tinually rise« and falls as the spigot is opened, the mouth snd the lower part of
inverted neck of the bottle are washed. Almost invariably the neck of a bottle is
grasped in handling it and when caps are not used it follows that the dirt accumu-
lating around the mouth of the botue in transit and on the upper part of the neck
from handling comes in contact with the water in an office stand. In none of the
samples from office stands, was the presence of B. Coll noted and in many cases
these samples showed a lower total count than. those taken from filled bottles. Pos-
sibly this was due to a lower temperature of the water in the ice jacketed stands.
In only four of the samples taken from office supplies was the presence of B.
Coli noted. Three of these gave a count of one each and the fourth contained 400
B. Coli in one cubic centimeter. The latter sample was secured from a partly
empty bottle which had evidently been standing in a dusty hallway for some timo
and had probably become contaminated after it had reached its destination and
been repeatedly opened as it became necessary to pour water into the ice cooler.
During this operation probably the cork was held in the hand which tilted the
bottle, while the other grasped the neck. Considerable likelihood of contamination
could exist in this procedure which had probably been repeated before the sample
was taken.
In the following table is given a list of the principal bottlers and distributors of
bottled water supplies in the city. They are twenty-two in number and the sup-
plies indude springs, dug wells, and filtered surface waters.
PRINCIPAL BOTTLERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF LOCAL BOTTLED WATERS.
Name and Place of Business. Source of Supply.
1. Bell Telephone Co. of Pa City Water refiltered.
2. dear Spring Water, 6007 N. Ran- Fonntnln Green Spring, East Fairmount
dolph St. Park.
3. Colonial Springs Water Co., 200O Spring near Valley Forge, Schuylkill
Market Street. Township, Chester Countv.
4. Crystal Spring Water, 947 N 12th Arrow Spring, East Fairmount Park.
Street.
5. Delco Spring Water, Upper Darby A spring on the premises.
Township, Delaware County.
6. Eureka Water, 2230 N. 15th street, Belmont Spring, West Fairmount Park
7. Excelsior Spring Water, 534 Martin Spring in Tx)wer Roxborough.
Street, Roxborough.
8. Fairholme Crystal Springs Water Dug well near Winonah , New Jersey .
Co., 1904 Walnut Street.
9. Famous Rock Spring Wnter, Hagy Dug well at bottling house.
Street, Upper Roxborough.
10. Great Bear Springs Co.. South 31st Springs, Oswego County, New York.
ft Chestnut Streets.
11. HiDcrest Spring Table Water, South Spring near Valley Forgo
20tli ft Spruce Streets.
Digitized by
Google
1356
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc.
12. Indian Rock Spring Water, 508 Mon-
astery Avenae, Rozborough.
13. Laurel Spring Water, 2660 Myrtle-
vrood S treet
14. Northridge Spring Water, 4000 Chest-
nut Street.
15. Purity Spring Water, 625 Dupont
Street, ttoxborough.
16. Purock Water Company, North 12th
& Parish Streets.
17. Rose Glen Spring Water, 437 W.
Martin Street, Kozborough.
18. Silox Pure Water Co., 3015 Chestnut
Street.
19. Springfield Bottled Water Supply
Co., 5740 Race Street.
20. Springfield Water Supply Company,
621 N. 54th Street.
21. Standard Ice Manufacturing Com-
pany, 2700 South Street.
22. Sunbeam Water Co., Inc., 1937
Market Street.
City Line Spring, West Fairmoont Park.
City Line Spring, West Fairmount
Park.
Spring-Tredyifrin Township, Chester
County, near Malvern.
City Line Spring, West Fairmount Park.
City water, distilled and filtered.
Arrow Spring, EJast Fairmount Park.
City water refiltered and ozonated.
Springfield water at Lancaster Avenue
and City Line.
Springfield Water Company at Wynne-
wood pumping station. Lower Merion
Township, Montgomery County.
City water, electrolysis and pressure
filter.
City water, refiltered and distilled. Also
Excelsior spring water, called Crystal
Rock spring water.
The Bell Telephone Company, the Purock Water Company, and Silox Vnre
Water Company, the Standard Ice Manufacturing Company, and the Sunbeam
Water Company obtained all or part of their supplies from the city of Philadelphia
water works system. This city water is subjected to treatment. The Bell Tele-
phone Company refilters and furnished this water to six of its exchanges to em-
ployees only; the Purock Water Company and the Sunbeam Water Company re-
filter the water and distill it; the Silox Pure Water Company refilters and ozonates
the supply ; and the Standard Ice Manufacturing Company refilters and then treats
the water electrically.
Two of the dealers take their supply from the Springfield Consolidated water
works system. The Springfield Bottled Water Supply C/ompany gets the water at
a point near the Delaware County Line, probably filtered Crum Creek water. It
is refiltered in a charcoal filter at the company's place of business. The Springfield
Water Supply Company draws the water from the public system of the Springfield
system near Ardmore and does not subject the water to any further treatment.
Fifty-three samples of water were collected from the products of these seven com-
panies and were analyzed by the Department, but no B. Coli were found. The
seven companies have eleven thousand three hundred and thirty customers using
these waters. The Purock Water Company is the largest dealer, having four
thousand customers. The Bell Telephone Company is extending its system of
supplying , pure water to all its buildings and before long manv thousand employees
will be served with refiltered city water. Pertinent facta relative to the botUing
and handling of these public supplies are shown in the following table:
TABLB SHOWING PACTS RBI^TIVB TO BOTTLING AND HANDLING OP FILTBBED
SURFACE SUPPLIES.
Dflftler
Bottling and Handling.
1. Bottling done in the engine room. Supply from the Philadelphia cit7 mains. Re
filtered in presenre filters which are cleaned at frequent intervals. Two and five
Sllon hottles used. Washed in hot water and rinsed in cold re<flltei»d water.
rk stoppers reused and not washed. No caps nor labels used. Supplied to
employees in Exchange Buildings only. Number about three thousand. Ice poolers
are placed in different rooms. Bottles do not leare premises.
16. Philadelphia city water used— dlstUled. Bottles are washed in cold water and soda
and then sterilised for ten minutes in liye steam. Corks are not reused. Bottles
are kept sealed and labeled. Company is planning to use glass stoppers ooly.
Water distributed In city and suburbs. Weekly consumptioo about twenty-fbnr
thousand gallons. In Philadelphia supplies about four thoasand customers, nftera
employees at plant. Modem toilet facilities provided apart from bottling roeoi.
It was reported that water is not stored at the plant longer than fortr-elgkt
boon.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 13a7
TARLB SHOWING FACTS RBLATIVB TO BOTTLING AND HANDLING OF BILTBRBD
SURFACE SUPPLIES— Continued.
Dealer. Bottling and Handling.
18. Pblladelphla city water nied. Reflltered in preesnre filter and osonated. Bottles
washed with cold city water and soda and rinsed with reflltered osonated water.
Corks are reused, washed, and tin foil is placed about each cork. Bottles are
capped, sealed and re-labeled. The company Is planning to install modem bottling
apparatus and dry heat sterilisers. Weekly output two thousand gallons, dis-
tributed to two hundred customers. Ten employees at plant. Modern toilet
facilities proTided.
19. Supply obtained from the mains of the Springfield Consolidated Water Company through
a Are plug located st Lancaster Ayenue and city line and hauled to the bottling
Slant in a steel tank wagon. Here re-flltered. Bottles wsshed with cold Phila-
elphla city water and soda and rinsed with hot city water. Corks are reused
but not washed. The bottles are labeled but not capped nor sealed. The bottles
are filled from storsge tanks through a hose in the wagons outside the plant.
Supplies two thousand customers with ten thousand gafions of water weekly.
Twenty hands are employed and modem toilet facilities are provided apart from
the plant.
20. Supply obtained st the Wynnewood pumping station of Springfield Consolidated Water
Company. Bottles filled at pumping station. Are washed with cold city water and
soda in wagon-shed adjoining tbe company's stable. Are rinsed with hot water,
corked and conveyed by wagon to pumping station. Corks are washed and reused.
Bottles are not capped nor labeled. Tin-foil, reused without washing, wrapped about
cork. Eighteen hundred gallons of water supplied weekly tO eight hundred customers
in city and suburbs. Sometimes six days intenrene between washing and filling the
bottles and the water is stored at times in the stable for two or three days
without being distributed. When inspected there were seven horses in the stable
and the presence of customary refuse was noted. Four men are employed to bottle
and distribute this supply.
21. The principal business of this firm is the manufacture of ice. bottled water business
being a side issue. Philadelphia city water is the supply, passed through an
electrolysis machine thence through pressure filters. Bottled in one and five
Slloa containers, the former having glass stoppers and the latter cork stoppers,
rks reused after washing with cold water. Bottles washed with cold city water
and soda, but not sterilised. Are labeled but not capped. About two thousand
gallons of water sold weekly In tbe city to thirty-two customers. Three employees
at plant.
*22. Supply Is city water re-filtered In sand pressure filter, distilled, then passed through
a charcoal pressure filter and thence through a disc paper filter. Bottles are
washed with cold city water and soda, rinsed with hot city water, sterilised with
live steam and closed with cork stoppers wrapped in tinfoil. Stoppers are bleached
and sterilised before being used. Tne bottles are labeled and those supplied to
drug stores are capped, this trade amounting to about three thousand gallons weekly.
The entire weekly output of the plant amounts to about six thousand gallons, dis-
tributed to about twelve hundred customers in the city and suburbs.
•About fifty gallons a week of Excelsior Spring Water (No. 7) purchased in five gallon bottles
Is transferred at the plant to half gallon glass stoppered bottles and sold under the name of
Crystal Rock Spring Water. This Is a spring supply filtered, in charcoal filtered, more fully
described under the head of Excelsior Spring Water.
There are seven men licensed and engaged in the business of collecting water
from four springs, located in East and West Fairmount Park, bottling and dis-
tributing it to the public. In West Fairmount Park are the Belmont Spring and
the City Line Spring. From this latter spring three persons are licensed to take
water and from the Belmont Spring one dealer secures his supply. In East Fair-
mount Park are located the Arrow Spring and the Fountain Green Spring. Three
persons are licensed to take this water, one from the Fountain Green Spring, and
two from the Arrow Spring.
The Fountain Green Spring is properly protected and has an overflow pipe at
which dealers fill the bottles. The Arrow Spring itself is properly protected, but
the water is piped to a basin to which the public have access for dipping water and
an overflow pipe from this basin delivers the water that is bottled. The City Line
Spring is protected, the water being piped to a basin from which the public dip
The bottlers obtain their supply from this spring through a removable extension
pipe that can be fitted on the influent pipe supplying the basin. When not in use
this extension pipe lies on the ground. The Belmont Spring is otherwise known as
the Lafayette Spring. It is properly protected and the bottles are filled at a pipe
which delivers the water from the spring to a fountain.
In the following tabulated form are shown the principal data respecting the col-
lectioQ and distribution of waters from these Park Springs:
Digitized by
Google
1358 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
TABLE SHOWING FACTS RBLATIVB TO THE COLLECTION AND DI8TBIBUTION OF
BOTTLED WATEBS OBTAINED FBOM FAIRMOUNT PABK SFBINOS.
Dealer. Bottling and Handling.
2. Supply from Fountain Green Spring. An individual dealer having one wagon aupplylng
one hundred and fifty cuHtomera with about three hundred gallons of water weekly.
Generally, the one and five gallon contalnen are merely rinsed at spring before
being filled. When exceptionally dirty they are washed at dealer's home with iiot
water and soda in a wash tub presumably also used for laundry purposes. At
time of inspection the sanitary conditions at home were not good. Empty bottles
are stored in a carriage-house adjoining stable at dealer's home. Bottles are filled
direct from the overflow pipe at spring. The cork stoppers are re-used, but they
are soaked in a solution of oxalic acid. The bottles are not capped nor sealed nor
labeled. The product is known as Clear Spring Water and is distributed in the
district lying east of Broad Street between Market Street and Lehigh Avenue.
4. One dealer is here engaged. Supplv obtained from the Arrow Spring product being
known as Crystal Spring water, but the bottles are not labeled. Bottles are filled
from an overflow pipe from small basin to which the public has access .two dippers
being provided for such use. Usually the empty bottles are rinsed at spring before
being filled. Those that are noticeably dirty are washed at the home of the dealer
with hot city water and soda in a trough reported to be used for this
only. Quart^ gallon, and five gallon containers are used. With the latter two
sixes of corl stoppers are' provided, the quart containers have porcelain stoppers
with spring tops. It is believed that the cork stoppers are re-used. The bottles
are not capped. Empty bottles uncorked were stored In a horse stable at the
dealer's home when the investigation was made. The dealer declined to state the
amount of water distributed or the number of consumers served.
6. Individual dealer with one wagon supplying about three hundred gallooa weekly to
one hundred customers. Supply comes from the Belmont Spring. The containers
are washed at the spring prior to filling. Cork stoppers are re-used without being
washed. The bottles are capped as soon as filled. The supply is sold under the
name of Eureka Water. The bottled water is at times stored for several daya in
an empty stable and empty and filled bottles are also at times left over night in
the delivery wagon at a livery stable.
12. An individual dealer distributing about one thousand gallons weekly to three hundred
and fifty customers over seven routes. Supply from City Line Spring. Bottles filled
through a detachable pipe which lies on the ground when not in use. Containers
are washed at spring just prior to filling, no washing preparation being used. Cork
stoppers are re-used first being washed in a solution of oxalic add. Around the
cork is placed tinfoil. The five gallon containers, but not the one gallon containers,
are capped. Empty containers are kept in wagons in a closed shed sdjoining the
stable, but separated therefrom by sliding doors. No water is stored here.
15. An individual dealer, with a supply from City Line Spring as above. About four hundred
gallons are sold weekly to one hundred and twenty-five customers on four routes
throughout the city. Usually the containers are washed at spring Just prior to
being filled. Other dirty bottles are washed in hot water in tub, said to be used
for this purpose only, at dealer's home. Corks are re-used first being scalded
with boiling water. Bottles are not capped. Empty containers stored In open
shed at rear of dealer's dwelling and also In wagon-shed adjoining stable.
17. An individual dealer supplying Rose Glen Spring Water. Supply is obtained from
Arrow Spring. Bottled water business Is a side issue to dealer's butter and egg
business. About thirty gallons weekly sold to sixteen customers on one route m
northwest section of West Philadelphia. Bottles filled at spring from ovaHow
pipe of basin from which public may dip water, dippers being provided. Con-
tainers are washed at spring Just prior to being filled. Galvanised iron tub is provided
for this purpose and a soda waabing preparation is used. Cork stoppers are re-used
after being washed. Bottles are not capped. Empty containers sre stored In
cellar of dwelling along with old barrels and rubbish of variras kinds.
In addition to the dealers of bottled water obtained from the Park Springs there
are also six other persons or concerns engaged in supplying spring water in Phila-
delphia, one obtaining a supply in the city, three in Chester County, one in Dela-
ware County, and one in New York State. The data collected concerning these
supplies are shown in a summarized form in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKB OF HKAI/TH. 18»
TABLB SHOWING DATA BBLATIYB TO BOTTLBD SPRING WATERS DIBTRIBUTBD IN
PHILADELPHIA FROM SOURCES NEAR BT BUT OTHER THAN PARK SPRINGS.
DMler. BotUlDff and Handling.
8. Tblfl inipplj in bottled and dlstribnted by the Colonial Springs Water Company operatinf
three covered wagone on eighteen rontea and aopplying aboot three thousand gallons
weekly to twelve hundred castomers in Philadelphia. The water is shipped by rail to
Norristown, PhoenizTille, and Philadelphia. The water is supplied nnder special
service to the Pennsylvania Railroad for restaurant and dining cars and is analysed
weekly. The spring is in Schuylkill Township, Chester County, near Valley Porge,
and is apparently well protected against contamination. The water is bottled
directly from the spring, no storage being provided. Two men are employed at the
"^tling plant and modem toilet facilities are provided apart from this building.
The containers are washed with cold spring water and a soda washing preparatiou.
2.UV cvuiAiaerB arv w«uieu wiui cvaq B^iruiK wither ituu a wiu* whiiik ifr«|Nu«uivu.
"hydro brushes" being used. They are rinsed with hot water and then sterilised
with steam. Cork stoppers are re-used, first being washed with spring water and
sterilised for two hours. Bottles are filled immediately after cooling, oeing placed
on benches beneath the glass siphon tubes leading ftom the spring, .and are then
corked and capped. The maximum time that watw is stored is six days.
An individual dealer supplying about one thousand calloos of water weekly to ninety
customers in the central part of Philadelphia. The supply is called Deloo Spring
Water. The sup]^ is from a spring on a farm leased by the dealer in Upper
Darby Township, Delaware County. The spring is protected and enclosed in a boose,
the water being used for no other purpose. The bottles are filled from an overflow
gipe from the spring. Usually the containers are washed in cold spring water,
nt when noticeably dirty hot water and a brush are used to clean them. Cork
stoppers are re-used after being washed in cold spring water and no capo are
provided nor are the bottles labeled. The bottling room is adjacent to tho spring
and adjoining it is a shed where the hwse and delivery wagon are allowed to
stand. Near the spring-house is another spring that is reported as bavlag at
one time been used, but is now abandoned. This is unprotected.
kn individual dealer. Supply comes from a spring in Lower Rozboroogh, Philadelphia,
near the Lower Rozborough water filtranon plant. Dealer has two auto-trucks,
twelve routes, and supplies about forty-two hundred gallons of water weekly to nine
hundred customers. Water is sold under four different names:— as Excelsior Spring
Water, delivered mostly to individual customers; as Rozborough Pure Spring water.
supplied to retail drug stores; as Lenape Spring Water, fumisned to a retaU grocer;
». . . ^ «_ .^_ «,_^ , _^jj jjj Binall quantities to the Sun Beam Water
ary sti
_ _ _ hrough
tank from which it is delivered to the bottles throuf b self closing filling faucets.
as Crystal Rock Spring Water and sold in small quantities to the Sun Beam Water
Company (No. 22). The spring is enclosed by a masonry structure and the water
is lifted by a ram to the bottling house, here passing through a charcoal filter to a
It is reported that the charcoal is removed from the filter at frequent intervals and
washed, steamed, and dried. Two men are employed at the plant. No toilet
facilities are provided.
Empty bottles are washed in a trough with spring water and washing soda
into which steam at sixty pounds pressure is introduced. After being thus boiled
the bottles are rinsed in spring water and immediately filled, then corked and most
10. A branch of the company operating six distributing plants located In New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsvlvania. The first plant was established about twenty years
ago and has been in continuous operation since then. The Philadelphia plant was
put into operation in 1897. The supply is from two springs located in Oswego
County, New York. Ftom here water is conveyed to the various distributing- plants
in the company's porcelain lined tank cars of eight to ten thousand gallons capacity.
In Philadelphia, tank cars are placed on a sidlnc adjacent to the plant and pumped
from the cars to storage tanks through a fiexible steel hose, the ends of which,
when it is not in use, are protected by cloth coverings. The storage tanks are
scrubbed and sterilised with steam monthly. From the tanks water is conveyed to
two filling machines and once every twenty-four hours steam at thirty pounds
pressure is introduced for one-half hour into the pipe line and discharge noaxles
connected with these machines.
The empty containers are washed with city water and soda, rinsed with boiled
city water and on galvanised iron trays placed in a dry heat plant remaining
there for half an hour with the temperature varying from two hundred and ten
to two hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit. When the bottles have cooled they
are placed in wooden cases or crates and are filled, stoppered, and capped, care being
taken to prevent the operators* hands from touching the mouths of the containers.
Glass stoppers are used for the five pint bottles and corks for the two and five
SUon bottles. The glass stoppers go through the same sterillaation process as
B containers. Cork stoppers are not re-used and the new corks are sterilised
in the dry heat plant. The longest period that water remains in the storage
tank is said to be abont a week and the water is delivered to consumers within
forty-eight hours after the bottles are filled. There are nine employees at the
plant. They are obliged to wear a prescribed uniform. Modem toilet facilities are
prorided apart from the bottling room.
Approximately seventeen thousand five hundred gallons of this water are dis-
tributed weekly by wagons over forty-seven routes In the dUr and suburbs, supply-
ing seven thousand customers. The company empk/e a bacteriologist In New
York City who makes weekly analyses of the water from the various plants. All
bottles are capped, sealed, and labeled.
8C
Digitized by VjOOQlC
13^ EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT 0¥ THE Off. Doc.
TABI/B SHOWING DATA RELATIVE TO BOTTLED SPRING WATERS DISTRIBUTED IN
PHILADELPHIA FROM SOURCES NEAR BY BUT OTHER THAN PARK SPRINGS-
Continued.
Dealer. Bottling and Handling.
11. An individual dealer. Supply la known aa Hillcrest Spring Table Water. Th« pro-
prietor of the busineas ia a drugglat from whoae eatablishment in Philadelphia the
water la diatributed, about five hundred gallons of this supply being served weekly to
seventy customers in the central part of the city, and supplied to residences only. The
snpply is from a spring located in Tredyflrin Township, Chester County. The spring
is protected and the bottles are filled at an overflow pipe therefrom. The containers
are rinsed in cold spring water juat before being filled. Cork stoppers are wahaed
in cold spring water and re-used. The bottles are not kept at the spring but at the
dealer's drug store in Philadelphia to which point the filled bottles are conveyed by
wagon. The labels are also put on at the drug store in the city.
14. An individual dealer who has a drug store in Philadelphia which serves •« a dis-
tributing point, for the bottled water hauled by wagon from the spring, from which
the supply is obtained, located in Trcdyffrln Township. Chester County, four and
one-half miles north of the Malvern Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The
spring is protected, an overflow pipe being provided at which the bottles are filled.
le'Tbntainers are rinsed with water at the spring before being flUed and then
bottled and capped, this last practice being followed only since the Department's
inspection. These are five gallon containers. In the cellar beneath the drug store
some of this water is transferred to one gallon containers which are washed with
cold city water and rinsed with spring water before being filled. This bottled water
is stored for a maximum period of about three weeks. Approximately three bandred
gallons of this supply are distributed weekly to two hundred customers throaghont
the city.
Bottled water obtained from dug wells is supplied in the city by one company and
one individual. The principal facts regarding this supply are set forth in the fol-
lowing tabulted form.
TABLE SHOWING DATA RELATIVE TO BOTTLED WATERS OBTAINED FROM DUO WBLLS.
Dealer Bottling and Handling.
8. Bottling plant and source of supply arc located in Gloucester County, New Jersey. The
supply comes from a sixty foot dug well lined with a dry brick wall. The top la sur-
rounded by a concrete platform, but the cover over the well is of plank conatmctioo.
Water is raised by a hand pump. The covering Is not tight. The well li near the
rear of the farm house on the property. Within six feet of the well a sewer pipe
? asses which receives kitchen drainage, wash water, and sewage from the dwelling,
n the spring of 1913 the well was dry and the water supply was obtained from a
spring not properly protected. At thia time the containera were filled at a platform
by dipping from the spring.
All containers are washed in cold well water. Sand or pebbles are used (or
scouring when the bottoms are noticeably dirty. This washing is done In a shed
next to the kitchen where all the work of the farm house is performed. Hie
bottles are filled directly from the pump and Immediately corked, bat are not
capped. The cork stoppers are not reused. The bottles are labeled and the water
is distibuted by wagon in Woodbury and Gloucester. New Jersey, and Philadelphia,
where most of it is supplied to business ofllces. There are about fifty customers
In Philadelphia who use three hundred gallons of water weekly.
9. An individual dealer. Supplies about three hundred gallons of water weekly to one
hundred and twenty-five customers in Philadelphia, water being known as Fkmoos
Kock Spring Water. The supply is from a dug well on Hagy Street in Upper
Rox borough. The well is thirty feet deep, lined with loose stone and over it is
the bottling house. Containers, one gallon in size, are washed in a tub containing
warm well water and a soda washing powder immediately after which they are
filled. The water is dipped from a tub with a pitcher and poured into the bottle
through a funnel having a cloth over the top. It is reported that theae tab* are
not used for any other purpose.
Immediately after filling the bottles are corked, but not capped. The corks are
not re-used. Empty containers are stored in the cellar of the dealer's dwelling
near by and kept corked. This supply is distributed mainly In the Germantowa.
Tioga, and North Philadelphia sections of the city.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER 0¥ HEALTH. 1381
OTHRK BOTTLED WATRBS AND THB LIKB.
In addition to the bottled waters already described in this report, there is a very
considerable sale of bottled water brought in from other states or from abroad, even
from Japan. Some of these waters are known to have medicinal qualities and are
in demand on that account. Others are desired for use as table waters and are
sold in great quantities. Probably fifty, certainly well over forty different brands
of bottled carbonated or still water from outside are distributed in Philadelphia*
largely by druggists and grocers. Another large number of bottlers, at least eighty-
fiye, are engaged in preparing and bottling yarious kinds of "soft drinks" and
carbonated waters, such as the so called "soda water" in bottles or siphons. The
Department gathered some data as to these distributors and bottlers, but under-
took at this time no extended investigation.
CONCLUSIONS AND BECOMMENDATIONS.
From the inspection summarized above certain conclusions relative to the bottled
water business in Philadelphia may be drawn and recommendations offered looking
to the correction of methods employed in this business. The business of bottling
spring and mineral waters and distributing them to the public in Philadelphia
should be regulated and licensed. This necessarily will require constant supervision
in that city entailing the employment of a force to carry on this work and will be
accompanied by certain incidental expenses.
Attention should be bestowed on the purity of the water to be used. This in-
volves protection from pollution of the source of supply where the source is a spring
or well. Where the source is a public water supply the question arises as to the
purity of this supply including the matter of re-filtration. Furthermore, where the
water is hauled or transported to the place of bottling, great care shpuld be main-
tained to keep the water pure in transit and in storage pcndiug bottling. It is often
better to have the bottling done at the source of supply where this is possible* but
it is not absolutely necessary and in fact from some of the investigations made, it
appears that bottling at the springs under the conditions obtaining, may bo attended
by more or less danger of contamination. Frequent bacteriological analyses of the
water are necessary as a check on the other precautions to preserve the purity of
the water. Samples of the water at the place of bottling and also from the bottles
on the wagon and in offices should be collected at frequent intervals for analysis.
Elqually requisite are clean and sterile containers, stoppers, and utensUs for
handling the water. All containers of the pure water and stoppers should be
sterilized immediately before filling and upon nlling the stoppers should be capped
and sealed and the bottles labeled. This should be done preferably at the place
where the bottles are filled. Where the source is a spring in Fairmount Park it
is not practicable to sterilize the bottles there. In such case either the source should
be abandoned or extreme care should be used in capping the bottles where they are
sterilized and also extreme care should be taken in uncapping the bottles preparatory
to their being filled at the spring. As an alternative water in bulk might be
secured and transported to the place of bottling. If this is done the tank wagon
or a large container and all apparatus used in getting the water into the tank and
from the tank into the bottles should be kept clean and sterile, which would mean
additional risk and additional precautions, all of which point to the ultimate
abandonment of the Park Springs as sources of supply for bottled water.
Possibly the next thing in order of importance is to have the place in which the
business is conducted in a perfectly clean condition and suitable for the purpose.
Bottling in sheds, stables or basements or other places not well lighted and not
devoted exclusively to the bottling and handling of water, ought to be discontinued.
The room and aU apparatus and furnishings should be kept spotlessly clean and
should be located away from dirty surroundings. This means a radical change in
a number of instances.
A thing of vital importance is the health and cleanliness of the employees. Any-
one who is negligent in personal hygiene should not be permitted to conduct or
work in a bottling establishment, deliver water or engage in the business in any
capacity. Proper toilet facilities should be afforded and proper habiliments should
be worn and strict rules should be enforced regulating the conduct of those en-
gaged in the business in any capacity.
The proper labeling of the water containers delivere<i to the consumers is im-
portant. All containers should be capped, sealed, and labeled. Preferably all
bottles should have the name of the water molded in. This would do away with
the pasting of labels on the bottles and the wa.shing off of them each time the
container is cleaned and sterilized. Furthermore, there should be no interchange
of bottles between different dealers. Where the name is molded in, this interchange
is not so likely to occur.
The water after being delivered in offices and public places may become con-
taminated through carelessness on the part of the users of the water or neglect to
keep the stand and water coolers clean. The dealer might well see to it that printed
precautionary instructions are placed in a conspicuous position at such water
coolers. Of course, the use of the common drinking cup should not be tolerated.
86—14—1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
13a2 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
And, finally, why should any city which provides a public water supply compel
its citizens and the sojourners within its gates to resort to bottled waters?
25. TYPHOID FEVER AT PHILADELPHIA, ATTRIBUTED TO INFEC-
TION BY WATER CRESS.
This interesting instance of an extensive infection with typhoid fever, probably
through water cress, was speedily made known by means of the newspapers and
other publications. The earlier reports failed to show any previous history of
typhoid fever connected with the water cress, the farm where it was grown, or the
source of water supply for the cress beds. Further investigation presently revealed
that the cress in question, instead of coming from the farm originally reported,
may have come from either of two other farms which supplied the retail dealer,
and on one of which conditions were found that might readily explain the typhoid.
This was a conspicuous isolated outbreak during the undue prevalence of the diaease
in and around Philadelphia, which at the time was receiving the attention of both
State and City authorities. The following is a brief statement of the outbreak and
of the measures taken by this Department relative to the water-cress beds.
The Outbreak.
Eighteen cases of typhoid fever developed among the forty-three guests at a
fashionable wedding breakfast in Philadelphia on June 24th, 1913. The onsets oc-
curred from July 7th to 12th. Only nineteen of the guests (the eighteen who de-
veloped typhoid, and one other) ate water-cress at the breakfast. This fact
pointed to the water-cress as the lik^y cause of the outbreak. No other due was
afforded by the study made by the Philadelphia health authorities of the menu at
the breakfast and reports obtained from the guests of the foods eaten, nor was
knowledge obtained of any recent case of typhoid or *'typhoid carrier'* among those
who had handled the cress and prepared it for the wedding breakfast.
The guests separated within a few days to summer resorts, some as far distant
as the State of Maine, and it was only at the close of July that the significant
circumstances attending these cases of typhoid fever could be analyzed, with com-
plete data available, by the Philadelphia health authorities.
Water Cress Farm in Marple Township, Delaware County.
The State Department of Health was advised on July SOth of the suspicious cir-
cumstances indicating this typhoid infection to have come, very likely, from the
water-cress, which was reported to have been brought from a farm (operated for
water-cress and leased by Louis Muehlmatt and James A. Mullen) near the I^amb
Tavern, in Marple Township, Delaware County. The foUowing day an investiga-
tion of this water-cress farm was made by the Department's County Medical In-
spector, Dr. Joseph Scattergood. The farmstead privy was found to be six feet
from the little stream watering the long basin in which the cress was grown and
dose to the head of the cress bed itself. There was also some danger of pollution
of the cress bed from the manure on immediately adjacent truck patches. The dis-
continuance of the marketing of the cress and the removal of the privy to a proper
location were ordered as well as such other measures as were necessary to make
the supply of cress entirely satisfactory. Subsequent inspections were made to see
that these orders were complied with.
No history of typhoid could be discovered attaching to the farm or employees.
The only manure used had been produced on this farm. The chain of evidence as
to the cause of the outbreak was incomplete. The water of the cress bed, how-
ever, as shown by analysis, was grossly polluted with intestinal organisms and a
potential source of disease infection should pathogenic germs have found their way
into the bed with the ordinary sewage pollution.
Other Water-Cress Farms.
Continued interest in the matter led to the discovery that the retailer of the
water-cress in question bought from tw<r other persons but had at first named the
farm above mentioned, thinking it to be the best appearing and perhaps not appn^
gating the possible consequences of not disclosing all his sources. One of these
other farms was within Philadelphia and investigated by the local authorities and
reported to be satisfactory.
The State Department of Health was advised of the third source, a water-cms
bed near Paoli. The Department's Medical Inspector was directed to make an
investigation and found two farms. One (that of Mrs. F. S.) is in Tredyffrin
Township, Chester County, near Paoli, and on this farm the conditions were
dangerous, as will be shown. The second farm ^that of a son-in-law of the
above) is in East Whiteland Township, Chester County. The conditions hen
were satisfactory.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. \M
Water Cress Farm in Tredyffrin Township, Chester County.
From the farm in TredyflPrin Township, Chester County, as many as a thousand
bundles of water-cress daily are shipped, the largest shipments being in the
winter and spring when the demand is greatest. There are both summer beds
and winter beds, the former being the ones which were in dangerous condition.
The winter beds, five in number, are parallel basins from 350 to 500 feet long, each
fifteen feet wide and separated by barriers of about the same width. These beds
are enclosed. They are fed entirely by the water from two springs located, one
at the end of one of the beds and one between the beds, and b^ a number of
smaller springs within the beds. These beds were found in satisfactory condi-
tion from a sanitary point of view.
The summer beds were fed with water from Valley Creek. A low concrete
breast seventy-fiye feet long had been constructed ' across the creek forming a
shallow basin. From the lower side of this breast extend the cress beds, five in
number, from fifteen to eighteen feet wide and 350 feet long. They are separated
by barriers two feet wide and the low banks are walled up with timbers. The
water is fed to the beds through openings in the concrete breast and flows out of
the beds at the lower ends and back into Valley Creek, the main stream of which
overflows from the basin and passes around the beds to the south. It was cus-
tomary to wash the water-cress before shipping but, of course, not in a
manner to remove all the pollution which might adhere to the cress from the
water in which it was grown.
Eight typhoid cases occurred within the drainage area of Valley Creek above
the water-cress farm during 1912. Six of these cases occurred from half a mile
to a mile from the cress beds in the village of Cedar Hollow. A tributary of
Valley Creek flows through the settlement and dose to the banks of the stream
reside upward of one hundred families of foreign laborers employed at the ex-
tensive limestone quarries and lime burning plants here located. The main
stream of Valley Creek rises six miles above the water-cress farm and flows
through a populous fertile valley and through the foreign labor settlement at
Knickerbocker, where other lime quarries are located. Sanitary inspectors of
the Department have covered this drainage area carefully from time to time
and practicallv all pollutions have been abated. Nevertheless, any who have
had to do with the floating foreign labor dasses will fully appredate how thor-
oughly impracticable it is in such cases to obtain entirdy satisfactory permanent
abatements of pollutions.
Extensive sewage pollution from these fordgn settlements undoubtedly reached
Valley Creek and the cress beds. Many of the foreigners have been known to
wash their dothing directly in the creek. Kitchen and laundry wastes very
likdy have reached the creek from two of the properties which harbored typhoid
cases in 1012. It seems very reasonable to suppose that typhoid fever infection
originating from some one of these cases may have been the source of infection of
the water-cress nearlv a year later. This is quite consistent with our knowledge
of the endurance and persistence of typhoid fever germs.
The distribution- of the water-cress from the farm was prohibited as soon as the
polluted condition of the summer beds became known and shipments were not again
allowed until September 10th, when the unpolluted winter beds came into bearing
and the growth of cress in the summer beds had been destroyed. Afterwards, under
the direction of the Department's County Medical Inspector, these beds were dis-
connected from the creek water supply, cleaned and limed.
The following are the results of bacteriological analyses of samples of water
coUected from the water-cress beds on this farm by Inspector W. W. Ritter, of the
State Department of Health, and analyzed at the Department's laboratories. These
results show the very eirtonsive pollution of the summer beds and the stream supply,
and also the absence of sewage contamination of the Hprings feeding the winter beds.
Samples collected and received at laboratory August 19, 1913.
Bacteria B. Coll
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Stream in Cedar Hollow, 5,400 10
2. Stream inlet to basin above summer beds, 21,500 20
3. Inlet from basin to summer beds, 50,000 45
4. Outlet from summer beds to stream, 28,000 150
5. Mud from summer bed No. 1 500,000 225
6. Spring No. 1 feeding winter beds, 200 0
7. Spring No. 2 feeding winter beds, 00 0
The above samples were collected when the stream was high and turbid, due to
showers of the preceding day.
Digitized by
Google
1364 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OV THE Off. Doc.
Samples collected and received at Laboratory August 21, 1913.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Stream inlet to basin above summer beds, 4,500 16
2. Inlet from basin to summer beds, 3,000 12
3. Outlet from summer beds to stream, 4,800 10
4. Mud from summer bed No. 1, 200,000 0
5. Spring No. 1 feeding winter beds, 120 0
6. Spring No. 2 feeding winter beds, 40 1
7. Tap at farmhouse, 5 0
The stream was practically normal when the foregoing samples were collected.
It is reasonable to assume under the conditions as they existed that the showing
of one Colon Bacillus per cubic centimeter in the sample from Spring No. 2 was
due to accidental pollution in the spring enclosure at that time and not to any more
serious cause.
Before any additional samples were collected, the creek supply had been shut
off from the summer beds and they were being watered from another spring desig-
nated as Spring No. 3. The beds and spring had not been permanently protected,
however, and no cress was being shipped from the farm at this time.
Samples collected and received at Laboratory September 2, 1913.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c
1. Stream inlet to basin above summer beds, 1 ,800 30
2. Overflow from basin above summer beds, 1.750 15
3. Spring No. 3 feeding summer beds, 1,200 4
4. Outlet from summer beds 21 ,500 15
5. SpHng No. 1 feeding winter beds 21 0
6. Spring No. 2 feeding winter beds, 320 0
7. Outlet from winter bed No. 1, 10 0
8. Outlet from winter bed No. 5 23 0
The sewage polluted condition of the stream watering the cress beds was the
circumstances menacing the public health. The occurrence of Colon Bacilli might
be looked for in the samples from the outflow and from the mud in the beds since
some stable manure is used in planting, and there is more or less wading by the
men in cutting the cress.
Condnsions .
The trail of typhoid fever infection leads from Cedar Hollow, where the last
known cases had their onsets in September. 1912, through the agency- of the sowage
polluted stream to the watercress beds on the farm in Tredyffrin Township, Chester
County, and thence to the wedding guests in Philadelphia, and probably to other
cases scattered so widely as to be effectively concealed . It is not so sharply defined
as to be absolutely conclusive, yet it is a quite plausible and very likely explanation.
The indisputable fact, it seems, is that the water-cress sandwiches, however in-
fected, were the medium of the spread of the typhoid at the wedding breakfast.
Seldom can such conclusive evidence be obtained to emphasiise so clearly the need
of adequate measures to insure the thorousrh cleansing of vegetables which are to be
eaten without being cooked, that is sterilized by heat.
Vegetables eaten raw have long been recosmized as possible carriers of water
borne disease infection. Yet instances of such infection are seldom determined be-
cause the cases are usually widely scattered as to the location and the dates of thf
onsets are not so nearly coincident as in epidemics resulting from the distribu-
tion of infection in water or milk simultaneously throughout a sharply defined
district. Nevertheless, the scattered cases of typhoid fever of undetermin<*d
origin rather than those occurring in the big epidemics comprise the majority*
of the total number of cases when reckoned through long periods and over ox-
tended territory. How many of these cases of unknown origin are attribntable
to Infection from uncooked vegetables can only be guessed at. The fact that
in the present instance of water-cress infection so large a proportion (eichteen
out of nineteen) of persons who ate the cress developed typhoid is unusually sig-
nificant. It would appear that this agency for the spread of infection is very
efficient .
Water cress is particularly subject to contamination by disease germs, esperisllv
when grown in water taken from a stream draining a populated area. The probability
of the occurrence of a case of typhoid along the stream and consequent contami-
nation increases, of course, with the size of the drainage area and the popnlii-
tion, and is greater with a transient population, as the foreign laborers in the
present instance. Celery, lettuce, and cabbage are also subject to contamina-
tion, though not apt to come within the range of influence of so large a number
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1365
of persons as the water-cress grown in a running stream. The close formation
of the stalks and leaves would retain indefinitely the contamination once lodged.
Parsley and other herbs must also be given due consideration, although the
formation of their leaves makes them less liable to retain contamination. Then
there are radishes and other roots.
Where truck is grown for market near big cities, it is often customary to
water the vegetables systematically instead of relying on the rain, and the
water supplies may, not unlikely, be contaminated. It is not uncommon to
use household waste water in the trenches in which celery is grown. Moreover,
the vegetables may be contaminated from manure used to fertilize the ground^
and in cleaning the farm privy the contents are not infrequently dumped on the
barnyard manure pile.
In transporting and marketing, the vegetables and also other foodstuffs are
subjected to possible contamination from innumerable sources, including "typhoid -
carriers," whose influence in the spread of infection is probably very consider-
able under favorable circumstances. The damp vegetables, lettuce, celery, water-
cress, etc., are the most liable to become contaminated in this manner.
The production, transportation, and handling of vegetables, and, indeed, of all
foodstuffs are carried on with a certain degree of attention to guarding their be-
coming infected with disease germs. Educational influences emanating from this
Department, as well as from other sources, and legal restrictions wherever ap-
plicable, are constantly raising the standards. Nevertheless, to produce these
vegetables, gather them, transport them to market, and have them handled by
many different persons under conditions which can be relied upon absolutely to
guarantee freedom from disease germs would make the cost of foods to the con-
sumers exorbitantly high.
The most practicable and most certain protection against infection from vegetables
to be eaten raw, is to be obtained in the process of their preparation for the
table. They should be washed in unpolluted wivter by persons competent to
understand the necessity for absolute cleansing and the possible consequences of
neglecting this safeguard in a single instance. Under proper direction and man-
agement a germicidal disinfectant might be used to advantage.
26. TYPHOID FEVER IN RAUCHTOWN VILTAGE, CLINTON COUNTY.
This epidemic of twelve cases of typhoid fever in the little country village of
Rauchtown, of only two hundred inhabitants, is conspicuous and of considerable
significance in that the source of infection was found to be a neighboring creek,
draining an area of considerable size quite generally known to be inhabit^, from
which stream most of the inhabitants dipped and carried the water supplies of
their households. Due consideration of the rural practice of obtaining a water
supply here illustrated, and of the disaster to the village, leads to interesting
conclusions.
Assistant Engineer Wm. H. Ennis, was sent to Rauchtown December 15, 1913,
to investigate. Assistant Engineer K. B. Styer and Inspectors I. F. Zeigler
and T. A. Hugg, were detailed to assist. A telephone report had considerably
exaggerated the extent of the outbreak and the .territory involved. The men
arrived late in the afternoon and by the next morning had done everything pos-
sible in the village. An inspector was left to follow up stream pollution notices
served on properties in the town and along the stream above it.
Rauchtown is in Crawford Township, Clinton County, ten miles east of Lock
Haven, the County Seat. The first inhabitants were engaged in lumbering,
which still is carried on to a limited extent. There is also a grist mill and some
of the people work in the railroad yards at Jersey Shore, five miles north.
Antis Creek, also called Ranch Creek, rises five miles south of Rauchtown,
flows north skirting the village on the east and six miles below joins the West
Branch of the Susquehanna River.
The report of Mr. Ennis on the investigation and the precautionary measures
instituted, is given in the following paragraphs.
The village is without a sewerage system. The method of excrement disposal
is principally into dug privy vaults although there are also a few surface privies
and cesspools, perhaps fifty such receptacles in all, most of which are fairly well
maintained. Kitchen waste and wash water are disposed of on the ground surface
and in many instances into street gutters.
There is no water works system in Rauchtown. Most of the inhabitants obtain
their water supply by dipping water from Antis Creek at various places along its
course. There are a few dug wells on individual estates and also a few cisterns.
The owner of the grist miU pipes the creek water to his residence from the head-
race which furnishes water power to the mill.
In Antis Creek above the village is constructed an earthen dam eight feet high
by thirty feet long built to store water for the grist mill. The head-race above men-
tioned extends from the dam to a point below the mill, a distance of about a thou-
sand feet. The water from the race is conducted to turbines in the mDl through
two eighteen inch diameter pipes. The excess water from the race and the dis-
charge from the turbines returns to the creek channel before it passes through the
village.
Digitized by
Google
laee
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
Typhoid Fever.
Immediately on the arrival of the Department's officers, investigations were made
to ascertain the cause of the transmission of the infection of typhoid fever.. A
census of all the cases was made. Water samples of the creek and private well
supplies were taken for bacteriological examinations in the Departments Labora-
tory, and a sanitanr survey of the watershed of the creek above the town was
made. Altogether there were twelve cases of typhoid fever in the village and it
was reported that prior to the outbreak dysentery nad been prevalent.
As a result of the sanitary inspection on the watershed it was ascertained that
there are three occupied and two unoccupied lumber camps and two farmsteads lo-
cated on the shed of eight square miles above the village. Altogether there are
only thirty permanent residents on the watershed. At two of the lumber camps
there were found pollutions from a barn-yard and pig-pen. At one of the farm-
steads which was occupied by J. O. Kanawel, there was found a pollution to a
small tributary of the creek caused by surface privy, also by kitchen waste and
wash water.
The Kanawel residence is a thousand feet distant from the headrace of the mill
on a precipitous mountain side. A small run flowing from a spring passes within
a few feet to the east of the dwelling house, and another small run issuing from
marsh land on the opposite side of the house and immediately below a surface privy,
also flows to the race.
On October 15th, Mrs. Kanawel began to feel ill but continued with her house-
hold duties until October 22nd, at which time a physician was called in and diagnosed
her case as typhoid fever. From this date the patient was confined to her bed
and the husband acted as nurse. On November 22nd the patient died. During the
intervening time between the onset and the doctor^s first visit the outside privy
was used by the patient and all kitchen waste and wash water from the house were
thrown on the ground surface on either side of the dwelling. Most of it, however,
was thrown on the marsh land. After the doctor's visit the patient's stools were
buried, althoup;h the wash water continued to be thrown on the ground without any
attempt at dismfection.
The Department officers immediately had the contents of the privy disinfected
and buried and a generous amount of lime was scattered over the ground surface of
the Kanawel property. Abatement notices were served on all polluting properties
on the watershed and in the town as well.
Warning signs notifying the public of the danger of drinking the creek water,
were placed at all conspicuous places along the banks of Antis Creek, and each
and every householder was also verbally adviised to boil any and all water used from
this source.
The canvas made by Department officers of the individual cases of typhoid among
the residents of Rauchtown, gives the following information:
Name.
Dste of
Onset.
A»e.
8ex.»
M.
P.
D uma] Qfitff ad . t-
Not. 1
Nov. 22
Nov. 24
Nov. »
Nov. 24
16
•
School.
Rockv K. Homier
13 , • 1
61 • 1
48 •
19 •
•4 •
22 •
20
15 •
School.
Oemiin Webner,
Laborer.
10
11
12
Ifn Lather Smith
Boasewlfe
Phroney Smith,
At home.
H. J. Allen
Leelie Homier,
Nov. 24
Dec. a.....
Dec. S,....
Dec. 8
Laborer.
Mill hand.
Mrs. Leslie Homier
Tnrsh Homier .t..
Hoasewlfe.
School.
BTHin \7elahsnee
Dec. 2
Dec. 18
Dec. 12
8 •
4 •
8S 1
•
School.
Everett Sewitser
At home.
Hsttie Smith
Housewife.
Water At Home.
,1.
1 j Ranch
2 Ranch
8 ! Ronch
4 Ranch
5 I Ranch
ft , Ranch
7 I Ranch
8 ' Ranch
9 \ Ranch
10 ' Ranch
11 I Ranch
12 ! Ranch
I
Creek,
Creek.
Creek.
Creek,
Creek.
Creek.
Creek.
Creek.
Creek.
Creek,
Creek,
Creek.
Other Water.
Spring,
Milk.
A. B. Welshance
W. Welshance.
A. B. Welshance.
A. B. Welshance.
A. E. Welshance. >
A. B. Welshance.
W. Welshance
W. Welshance. ....
W. Welshance
Own Cow.
Own Cow.
Own Cow.
Remark*.
Related to No. 8.
ReUted to No. 2.
, Related to No. Z
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1367
In the following table are the results of bacteriological examinations made in the
Department Laboratory, of water samples taken at Rauchtown:
Bacteria B. Goli
per c.c. per c.c.
1. Borsins Spring, 28 0
2. Kanawel Kun, 500 6
3. Run below swamp, 500 2
4. Head Race, 28 0
5. Tap, P. J. Homier residence, from Race, 40 0
6. Tap, J. F. Brosios' cistern. 32 0
7. Well, N. H. Homier, 40 0
8. Dngwell, J. A. Sheen, 400 0
9. Ranch Creek, (» 0
10. Ranch Creek, 40 0
Consideration of this report might lead to some suspicion of the milk supplies
from the two dealers by the same name, E. A. Welshance and W. Welshance, but
these men lived several hundred feet apart and were practically the only dealers in
the village. It was customary for the people to bring their own receptacles to the
milk house and there have them filled . The milk supply does not appear to have any
bearing on the typhoid fever.
Conclusions.
That the common water supply, Antis Creek, was the source of infection of the
typhoid fever is indisputable in view of all the circumstances. Officers of the De-
partment have, on numerous occasions, warned the inhabitants of Rauchtown of the
danger attending the use of the creek water without its being boiled. Unless these
warnings are heeded the village may be visited by a repetition of the typhoid out-
break, for, in spite of the most stringent measures in the abatement of stream
pollutions, some contamination from around the dwellings and from the public
roads will necessarily be carried to the stream by scouring rains. There is some
talk of the introduction of a water system by several of the influential residents,
and if this is accomplished it will, of course, relieve the present situation.
During 1910 a sanitary survey of the drainage area above the village was made
by representatives of the Department and all pollutions on the shed were abated
at that time. Since then a local health officer, residing in Rauchtown, has been
delegated to patrol the stream from time to time in order to cause the abatement
of pollutions that may arise and maintain the purity of the stream at as Mgh a
stundard as possible.
This epidemic, with all the suffering that it entailed in the little viUage, might
pr«>bably have been avoided entirely had the seriousness of the possible and actual
eff'K^ts of stream pollution upon the people downstream been appreciated by those
living farther up the creek, and had the continued efforts of the State Department
of Health and its local health officer met with complete co-operation. There were
only twelve cases but this little group, occuring under circumstances which make
it possible to trace them to their source of infection, iUustrates forcibly what is
probably one of the important reasons for the disgracefully high rate of rural
typhoid fever, namely, crude, careless methods of disposal of excrement and waste
water near the headwaters of little streams which, farther down, are used pro-
miscuously for drinking, household purposes, washing milk cans, et cetera, some-
times continuouslv, as here, and sometimes only in emergencies.
Occasionally isolated instances of transmission of typhoid fever or other water borne
disease, in this way, come to light, but seldom so conspicuous an illustration as the
present. It emphasizes the very great importance of this Department's campaign
to bring about the abatement of the up-stream pollutions of waters in rural dis-
tricts, even though the streams are not the immediate sources of extensive systems
of public water supply. Not a few short-sighted persons have expressed doubt as
to the need for this work of stream abatement in rural districts and such persons
should consider carefully the circumstances of this outbreak of typhoid fever at
Rauchtown, merely one example of many similar though less patent occurrences
throughout the State.
27. TYPHOID FEVER IN READING.
During January and February, 1913, there were one hundred and fifty-eight cases
of typhoid fever reported from the city of Reading. Assistant Engineer Paul
Hooker was sent to this place, February 8th, and remained until February 17th,
conducting with the assistance of Assistant Engineer S. R. Parke and eleven
■anitary inspectors, a detailed study of a hundred and twenty-nine of these cases
of typhoid, this being all of the cases having dates of onset from December 15. 1912,
to February 15, 1913. A thorough investigation was made of the water and milk
supplied to each of the cases and of the public and industrial water supplies; and
the other customary lines of investigation were followed out. All cases of typhoid
fever which had occurred since July 1, 1912, on the watershed of Maiden Creek.
Digitized by
Google
1368 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
which supplied about two-thirds of the public water, were investigated . The sources
of milk supply to each typhoid patient were inspected. The municipal water works
system was given detailed study. The account which follows is taken from the
report of Mr. Hooker.
It was ascertained that no suspicion should be attached to the milk supplies. There
was only one dealer on whose route there were more than five cases of typhoid fever.
This man had seventeen cases distributed among twenty-two hundred cu-stomers in
all parts of the city.
The water supplies at Reading were derived from several sources. Maiden Creek
furnished a surface supply amounting to about sixty-four per cent, of the total.
This water was treated with about four-tenth parts of copper sulphate to the million,
but was not then subject to filtration, although a filter plant was under construc-
tion. The Antietam supply furnished about one-fifth of the total, this being filtered
water. The Bemhart supply furnished fourteen per cent, and the Egelman supply
two per cent, of the total, both being filtered. The Bernhart filtered supply wa.s
regiilarly augumented by the addition of unfiltered Maiden Creek water.
Prior to December 10th, practically all of the Maiden Creek water passed through
the Hampden reservoir, and had the benefit of sedimentation for about three days
after treatment with copper sulphate. On that date the reservoir was cut out of
service for repairs and the water pumped directly to the system. On February 10th,
this reservoir was again placed in service.
Ninety-nine per cent, of the typhoid cases used Mniden Creek water at home or at
work either unmixed or mixed with Bemhart filtered water. These supplies com-
bined furnished seventy-eight per cent, of the total water supply of the city.
There was a heavy snow storm late in December followed by warm weather,
and then a heavy rainfall. Analyses of the water made by the city during Decem-
ber and January gave negative tests late in December, and early in January, and
then gradual improvement until January 23d, after which the results were all
negative.
The dates of onset corresponded closely in point of time to what might be expected
had the Maiden Creek water carried typhoid infection at the times when the pre-
sumptive tests for sewage pollution were positive.
After July 1st, 1912, thirty-three cases of typhoid fever occurred on nineteen proper-
ties of the Maiden Creek watershed. Department inspectors visited all of tbesw*
properties on February 11th, and found no pollutions and no active cases on the
date of inspection. It is considered a safe assumption, however, that many of
these cases were or had been carriers of typhoid during convalescence, and that
infection from some of them was washed into the stream by rain, notably the
scouring downfall of December 30th.
On January 5th and 7th, the Hampden reservoir, during repairs, was partly
filled and emptied into the mains. One of the laborers employed had a case of
typhoid fever at his home and this man waded in the water of the reservoir in the
course of his work. This incident may have a slight significance.
On February 10th. orders were issued by the Commissioner of Health, that the
public be warned to boil all water used for domestic purposes, and that the dose of
copper sulphate applied to the Maiden Creek wnter be increased from about four
tenths to approximately eight tenths parts in a million. This dose was again
slightly increased on March 17th. Subsequently, at the suggestion of the Depart
ment, chlorinated lime was substituted for copper sulphate, the change being made
on June 13th, 1913.
Discussion.
Reading had a population in 1910 of 96,000. Typhoid has been endemic. Since
December 1905, there hns been no month during which typhoid fever cases were
not reported. In 1906, there were 222 cases; in 1907, 244 cases; in 1908. 943 casp5,
including an epidemic in November and December; in 1909. 297 cases; in 1910, 230
cases; in 1911, 169 cases: and in 1912. 180 cases. The greatest number of casvs
reported for January or February in nny one of the years quoted prior to 1913. wa*?
seventeen while in 1913, there were thirty-two cases reported in January, and 12^
cases in February. The only unusual circumstance which would account for th^
notable increase in the number of cases appears to be the combination of condi-
tions affecting the water supply as noted above. Had the Hampden reservoir been
in service and n period of detention for the treated Maiden Creek been thus afforded
when the heavily polluted water came down the creek following the heavy rain, it
is probable that the number of typhoid fever cases would have been materially
smaller. With the installation of the Maiden Creek filtprs in the fall of 1913, it i*
believed that Reading will have a much lower typhoid fever rate as the entire citr
is now supplied with filtered water, and experience elsewhere warrants thi« ex-
pectation. •
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1389
28. REPORT ON AN OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER AT SBLLBRS-
VILLE AND THE PATROL OF THE NORTHEAST BRANCH OF PERKIO-
MEN CREEK.
There was an epidemic of typhoid feyer in Sellersville in Ausnist and September.
The public water supply was investigated by an engineer of the Department and
twen^-eight cases of the disease were canvassed by Department Inspectors. The
medi(»l features of the epidemic were investigated by the Medical Division of the
Department. The work was part of a sanitary survey of the drainage area of
Perkiomen Creek.
Chief Engineer F. Herbert Snow, at the direction of the Commissioner of
Health, traversed the coilrse of Perkiomen Creek and its principal tributaries at
the beginning of August and established a patrol of the streams by Department
Inspectors.
It was reported to the Department of Health that a notable number of campers
and other summer visitors along this creek have gone back to their permanent
homes with tyiphoid fever. They were careless in their use of the creek water and
in bathing in it. Moreover, at the numerous dairy farms along the creek, from
which milk is shipped to Philadelphia, Norristown, and other neighboring towns,
the cattle were allowed to wade in the stream in many instances. It is believed
that a not inconsiderable part of the typhoid fever in Philadelphia, and that of
some of the other towns, may be attributable to these practices.
The object of the sanitary survey was to see to it that dairy cattle were not
allowed access to the stream and to warn residents, and especially campers, of the
danger incident to using the water or bathing in it, especially because of the pre-
sence of typhoid fever in towns along the stream.
The creek rises in the sourthern part of Lehish County and flows in h general
southerly direction through the western part of Montgomery County to its con-
fluence with the SchuylkiU River, three miles below Phoenizville. The Perkiomen
Railroad follows the course of the creek. The valley is a prosperous agricultural
district and there are thriving smaU towns alonj; the creek and railroad.
The Northeast Branch of Perkiomen Creek, joining the main stream ten miles
above the river, flows southwesterly from Perkasie and Sellersville. The patrol of
this stream was under the direction of Assistant Engineer William H. Ennis with
Inspectors Claypoole, Hellings, and Henry Andrews. The greatest vigilance was
exercised below Sellersville and Perkasie, where there were a number of cases of
typhoid fever. Especial attention was given to repairs of Perkasie's sewage treat-
ment plant which had been allowed seriously to run down.
The investigation of typhoid fever at Sellersville and of the town's public water
supply, and the examination of the Perkasie sewage treatment plant, all conducted
in connection with the survey of this branch of the creek, are here set forth.
Patrol of the Creek.
A daily patrol of the stream was maintained up to September 19th, and from the
reports of the patrol it is believed that the orders not to allow cattle access to the
stream were complied with although it whs somewhat of a hardship for a few of
the farmers whose ordinary water supplies were low during the dry weather. No
camps were located along the creek during this period although the ground is us-
ually a favorite one. Tnere were eighty- three dairy farms investigated along the
Northeast , Branch of Perkiomen Creek below Perkasie. Of this number twenty-
seven had been accustomed to allow the cattle access to the creek water thus per-
mitting the cows' teats possibly to become contaminated, resulting, in turn, in the
infection of the milk, under common milking methods.
Perkasie Sewage Treatment Plant.
A public sewerage system is maintained in Perkasie by a private individual under
a municipal franchise and the sewage is treated in a plant located down-stream
opposite SeUersvDle. The sewage treatment plant was constructed under a permit
from this Department in 1909 and the report for that year describes the works. The
plant, however, has not been kept In proper condition partly owing to difficulties
with the outfall sewer which ran through quicksands and partly because of litiga-
tion relative to a new rieht of way. Excessive storms flows had reached the plant
and made it hard to maintain the filter beds. At the time of this investigation there
were large holes in the filtering material and the beds were overrun. The chlorin-
ated lime dosing apparatus was clogged.
IJnder the supervision of the Engineer of the Department the plant was thor-
oughly overhauled and put in first-class working order at the same time that the
precautions were taken to keep the dairy cattle out of the creek.
Sellersville Sewerage.
Although Sellersville has no comprehensive public sewerage system there are two
0torm culverts to which individual sewers have been connected from time to time.
now accommodating about thirty houses. There are a few connections to the
Perkasie main outfall sewer passing through the outskirts. Otherwise, j^viea, j
Digitized by CjOOQIC
1370 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
ce88-pooLB» and surface drainage are in use. The Department has made a houae to
house canvass of pollutions but the issuance of abatement orders has been tem-
porarily postponed because comprehensive sewerage plans are being prepared pro-
viding for a connection with the Perkasie system and the enlargement of the treat-
ment plant. These plans have not yet been formally adopted by the local authori-
ties for submission to this Department for approval.
Sellersville Water Works.
The Sellersville municipal water works system was investigated, because of the
typhoid fever in the town, simultaneously with the beginning of the investigation
down-stream along the creek. The local health authorities were at once advised
to notify the public to boil all water and, incidentally, milk also, as a precautionarj
measure, because part of the supply is obtained from Three-Mile Run whidi drains
an area of less than one square mile, partly cultivated and containing eight dwell-
ings and one hotel. Most of the habitations, however, are near the watershed Une
and a sanitary inspection did not reveal any pollutions of the surface water. The
stream was nearly dried up at this time. The intake reservmr is located two and
one-half miles northwest of Sellersville and has a capacity of about five million
gallons and an elevation of over two hundred feet above the business district.
Additional supplies are obtained from three springs well protected by masonry
structures and discharging into the intake dam; and from two deep drilled weUs
cased to rock, one being pumped into the intake dam and the odier into the dis-
tributing reservoir.
The distributing reservoir is lined with brick and cement mortar. It has a
capacity of one million one hundred thousand gallons and is thirty feet lower than
the intake reservoir. It is connected with the intake reservoir by a six-inch pipe
three-quarters of a mile long and is protected from surface drainage. An dght-
inch gravity main one and a naif miles long leads to the town from ute diatributinc
reservoir, which may be by-passed.
Bacteriological analyses were made of samples collected from the water works
system but neither these results nor any other information obtained gave any con-
dusive evidence that the public water supply had been a factor in the spread of
typhoid fever.
The intake reservoir and the distributing reservoir had been drained, cleaned
and sterilized about August 1st, before the Department's investigation. Since that
date there had been no water in the channel of the stream entering the intake reser-
voir and it was not thought necessary to repeat the cleaning. All dead ends of tiie
distributing system were flushed. The officials of water works were advised that
it would be necessary to provide for bv-passing the surface stream around the reser-
voir and this was supplemented by the following written order from the Commis-
sioner of Health:
"August 22, 1913.*'
"To the President and Members of Borough Council,
Sellersville, Penna.
"Gentlemen:—
This is to inform you that Three Mile Run, which furnishes part of the water
supply to the public at Sellersville, cannot longer be considered by this Department
as a safe and satisfactory source of water supply fit for human consumption without
purification by filtration or other approved methods. Therefore, you are hereby
and herein notified to at once discontinue the use of this supply.
Very truly yours,
(Signed) Samuel Q. Dixon.**
Typhoid Fever in Sellersville.
The Department officers made a census of twenty-eight cases of typhoid fever in
Sdlersville during the investigation. The summary of the data collected is given
in the following table:
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1371
I
I
a .
I'
III |i I
llPf I
a
i
09
P
QQ
a
QQ
QQ
>
H
fo
O
m
X
1 1 t^t^t| III! I
04 0* ££££ ££££ o*
if
I
00
■ jfl"
« • r
i 111
s
^ I
nth
^ce and 8
rmer and
)r and 8n
Sgag
d € fi
. * t . • -i^a saa^ <^a »^ • s ^^a ^k!7k a a a
o
i
n
* I
:« ::«
:MS :4S ::« :«
:« s
aa ds ^'-ss SSS9S Sisa S3 9 9s;si$ ss^s^sn d » » ci
i
o
^^ ^^ <<<<<<<< -«« « < < «Si^ MM oS oS a O
7
&
«n
41 9 «
■f sp ilfs
i^ii s^i§ hh
R^^% •»!i'8| •^•»l-»
hi • • • ■ ■
•- i i 'tit
- -I
« • k
[III
i < < O
-•a
5ll«
3 u ll^-'a
S£ S
II
>^^i qJSs;
si
0^ ^.r-- •opia
s52^ -Sal*
l« US'
Sit
fill
W-
£ 3 n
s s; a
Digitized by
Google
1372 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
From the foregoing table it appears that all but one of the twenty-ei«ht ^^
had used the borough water supply. The precautions taken by the local authorities
in cleaning the reservoir about August first, and the additional emerraicy mea-
sures, relative to the water supply, instituted when the Department's officers came
to Sellersville, a few days later, failed, however, to check the spread of the disease,
and this fact, together with the lack of evidence of pollution of the water supply
either from the bacteriological analyses or the physical examination of the drain-
age area nd water works, were strong arguments that the source of infection must
be sought dsewhere. The public supply was very ^^enerally used throughout Sellers-
ville. There had been no typhoid fever on the drainage area of Three-Mile Run for
two years.
The milk supply for the typhoid fever patients had been furnished by three milk
dealers, but it was found upon investigation that these men had made a common
practice of exchanging milk. One of the dealers conducts his own dairy farm and
another is supplied from two farms located in the valley, above Sellersville. The
third dealer receives his supply from two dairy farms situated a few miles down-
stream below Sellersville and the Perkasie sewage disposal plant.
At the dairies below Sellersville the cattle had been permitted to wade in the
stream prior to the establishment of the patrol by the Department. The discon-
tinuance of this practice on August 6th was not followed, however, by a dim-
inution of the spread of typhoid fever in the borough. The dairies were found in
fair sanitary condition and the water supplies were reasonably beyond suspicion.
Associate Chief Medical Inspector, Dr. C. J. Hunt visited Sellersville about
August 27th and reviewed the medical features of the epidemic. At the principal
one of the two dairy farms down-stream the dairyman's wife had had typhoid fever
seven years ago but there had been no history of the disease on the farm since.
She had suffered, however, more or less with dysentery during the summer and she
had milked the cows and handled the milk. The dairyman's wife was found to be
a typhoid carrier, as evidenced by the examination at the Department's laboratory
during September of specimens of blood and feces. Upon determination of this
fact the local health officials were at once notified by the Department under date of
September 17th, and strict remedial measures were instituted at the dairy. At the
time of the medical investigation at the dairy precautionary measures were ad-
vised and about two weeks thereafter there was a marked falling off in the occar-
rence of typhoid cases in the borough.
The last few cases of the census as well as some of the earlier cases, five or six
in all, may reasonably be set down as due to secondary infection.
The milking and handling the milk by a typhoid carrier at the dairy farm and
the exchange of milk among the town dealers are believed to have been the cause of
the epidemic.
29. TYPHOID FEVER AT SHARON AND FARRELL, MERCER COUNTY.
Twenty typhoid cases in Sharon (over 15,000 population) and Farrell (over 10,000
population) were reported to the State Department of Health by the local Boards of
Health in December 1912. Need of assistance from this Department was made evi-
dent by the reports in January which showed no diminution of cases. On January
16th, Assistant Engineer Ralph E. Irwin was sent to Sharon to make a tiiorough
investigation and he remained there until Januarv 27th. Dr. C. J. Hunt, Asso-
ciate Chief Medical Inspector, visited the towns for a couple of days to advise on
medical questions. Mr. Irwin was assisted by Assistant Engineer 0. L. Siebert
and Inspectors C. T. Maclay, D. M. Irwin and D. J. Marshall. One hundred
and sixty-seven cases from May 1912 to February 1913 inclusive were investigated
by the Department.
The cause of the epidemic was reasonably attributable to infection through the
public water supply, drawn from the Shenango River, a stream polluted by the
sewage of towns where typhoid fever had been prevalent.
The supply for the two boroughs, furnished by the Sharon Water Works Com-
Sany, is filtered in a rapid sand iSltration plant, treated with chlorinated lime, and
istributed to about 20,000 consumers in a total population of over 26,000. The
filtration plant was installed before thi.<? Department exercised its present compre-
hensive supervisory powers relative to the extension of water works.
Warnings were published in the newspapers to boil all water. A close watch
was kept on the operation of the chlorinated lime disinfecting apparatus at the
filter plant. Water works drawing from the Shenango River below Sharon wew
warned of the presence of typhoid fever and the need for exercising emergency pre-
cautions.
The procedure at the filter plant and in the use of chemical coagulants and the
disinfectant was thoroughly investigated by the Department's engineers. The need
of improvements in the method of operation and control had previously been im-
pressed upon the water company by letters from this Department and. as the re-
sult of a conference of officers of the water company with the Commissioner of
Health, the Company undertook to study the problem and devise improvements to
place the operation of its plant on a modern basis but was slow to realise the im-
minent danger and need of expedition. The investigation, including the bacterio-
logical analysis of many samples, showed that colon bacilli were at times in the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1373
filtered water and that the supervision of the chlorinated lime application was un-
reliable and that more radical measures for the improvement of the plant were neces-
sary.
A decree was issued to the water company by the Commissioner of Health speci-
fically stipulating needed improvements, which the company provided for, indud-
ing arrangements for expert supervision of the plant and weekly reports of the
operation to the State Department of Health.
The dates of onset of cases learned of from the local physicians, investigated by
the Department's officers and tabulated hereinafter show: first, that the outbreak
had made considerable headway during November 1912 and reached a climax in'
January (there were 141 onsets in the two boroughs in November, December and up*
to January 26th); second, that from January 26th, (ten days, about the minimum
incubation period of the disease, after the Department took hold of the situation),'
to the end of February, only fifteen cases of typhoid developed. This is not an.
excessive number to be attributed to secondary infection due to individual personal
negligence.
A comparison of the cases as reported with those entered in the census according
to the time of onset brings out a detail of much significance. There were many
delays in the reports; numerous cases of a far earlier date were not recorded until
February. A large number, about forty, appear not to ha-ve been reported at all.
Such irregularities are unfortunately still common aU over the State. For this
particular epidemic the result was that the returns of the Boards of Health of the
boroughs and the official reports through them to the State Department of Health
showed no alarming number of cases of typhoid fever until December. Through
this delay of several weeks in making evident the presence and extent of the out-
break valuable time was lost and the adoption of protective measures much de-
ferred. This is another impressive illustration of the importance of prompt reports
of cases of typhoid fever and other communicable diseases. The cases in Sharon
and Farrell were scattered and the presence of the disease did not become conspicu-
ous until indicated by delaved reports.
Assistant Engineer Irwin s report follows in part, giving the details of the in-
vestigation of the typhoid fever cases and of the milk supplies and private water
supplies, eliminating these as factors in the spread of the epidemic.
Typhoid Fever Record.
Prior to the present outbreak of typhoid fever the general conditions remained the
same as usual as far as could be learned. Typhoid fever had not appeared in an
epidemic form, but the number of cases had been excessive. Typhoid fever had ex-
isted in the boroughs and along the Shenango River above and also in the boroughs
below Sharon and Farrell.
Typhoid Fever Cases Reported to the State Department of Health.
SHARON.
Jannarjr, .
Febraary,
March. ...
tS^]- .::::
June,
July
Aaflrnat. . .
September,
October, .
November,
December.
Total,
1907.
2
?i
1908.
2
I !
1 S'
10 1 42 ;
IMiO.
1911.
U
g
5
2
3
1
1912. I 1918.
4
14
3
32
20
4
1
1
1
6
3
7
1
4
Digitized by
Google
1374
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc
SOUTH SHARON OR FARBBLL.*
1906.
1906.
1907.
IMS.
i
6
1
1900.
13
1910.
7
1
0
3
1
0
2
4
1
19
uu. 1 1911 i ns
i
Janoarj
FebroArr
llarcb
April
i
'.'.['.'.[ 1 "**0
:::::: 1::::"
3 f n
9 1 I
• 2 1
May: .................
0 0 #
juM. ::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1 • 1
July
Aiuruatt
September
October
N'oTember
December
Total,
]
0
1 3 i
1 t *
1 13 V
9 fl 9
'Changed to Farrell in July. 1912. Blank apace^sao reports.
During the investigation a census was made in Sharon and Farrell of all caws
occurring after the first of May 1912. It was found tha^ ninety-seren cam verr
attribute to Sharon and seyenty cases to Farrell. A census of these cases thowt^
the date of onset to be as given in the following table:
DATBS OF ONfiErr IN BAGH BOROUGH AND NUMBER OF TYPHOID CASKSu
Sharon.
FarreU.
wa
191&
1913.
1312.
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
9
<
1
«
&
i
i
I
1,
I:
4.
S:
7,
8.
9.
10,
U.
12.
13.
14,
15.
17.
IS.
19.
SO.
21.
at
23.
M.
26.
28.
27,
S;
30.
31.
....
....
....
i
1
....
i
....
1
1
"i
••■
1
i *•••
1
2
1 ••••
1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | '.'.'.'.
1 ....
....
'.'.'.'.
1
....
....
8
Total,
a
1 2
2? at
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1375
The age and sex of the cases in each of the boroughs are shown in the following
table:
AGE AND BEX.
Age.
0-4,
10-M.
15-19,
30-24.
25-29,
30 S4.
35-39.
40-44.
46-49.
60-64.
Sharon.
Male.
Total.
10
Ii
4 I
101
7
!!
Farrell.
Female.
Male.
Female.
2
5
12
8
3
6
6
3
8
0
2
8
10
3
6
4
7
2
8
S
2
2
2
1
41
~46
24
In the following table is shown the occupation of the cases included in the census
in each borough:
OCCUPATION OP CASES,
• Sharon. Parrel.
Student public school, 38 18
Carnegie Steel Company, 1 20
Housewife 10 14
Tin miUe 8
Tinner 1
None, 17 11
None Klyen, 2
Cit7 Are department, 1
Clerk 3 1
Barber 1
Domestic. 7
Steel worker, 10
Laborer, 12
Carpenter 1
Boiler maker. 1
Railroader, 2
Baker 1
Seamstress 1
Township school 1 '
Total, 97 70
Prom the foregoing tables it will be noted that a large percentiage of the cases
occurred among pupils attending public school and among those who are below fif-
teen years of age, that is in persons who have developed no marked resistance.
Other than this exception the cases occurred according to occupation and age as is
usual in typhoid fever outbreaks where the infection is attributed to a contaminated
public water supply.
The milk supply for the two boroughs according to the record obtained from the
fever patients is almost entirely separate. The ninety-seven cases in Sharon ob-
tained their supply from thirty different sources while the seventy cases in Parrell
obtained their milk supply from twenty-three different sources. The Jones Dairy
of Sharon supplied nineteen cases, one dealer supplied seven, three dealers supplied
six cases each, five dealers supplied four cases each, four dealers supplied three
cases each, four dealers supplied two cases each and all others had different milk
supplies. In Farrell one dealer supplied fourteen cases, another thirteen, another
seven and the others still fewer cases. A few dealers in the two boroughs obtained
a part of their milk supply from rurnl villages on the Pennsylvania Railroad above
Greenville, but the greater portion of the milk was brought in from dairies in the
surrounding agricultural territory. There was no reason to attribute any typhoid
fever cases to infected milk. The milk dealers almost as a whole delivered in bulk
from spout cans while the fever cases were in progress.
The cases were distributed throughout both boroughs as would be expected from
an infection carried through the public water supply. The better residential sec-
87
Digitized by
Google
1376 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
tion was affected as much as the poorer district along the river and joining the
business section. A great many of the cases in Ij'arrel occurred in newly built
houses as this borough is growing rapidly. Recently the Carnegie Steel Company
has erected over three hundred dwellings in Farrell and this section had its portion
of the fever cases. The cases cannot be attributed to unsanitary conditions. There
appeared in Sharon, along the hill sides, where sanitary conditions were especially
good, a number of fever cases proportional to the number occurring in the more
densely pnopulated area, near the business district, according to population. In
Sharon sixty-seven of the ninety-seven cases were in hous<^ connected with the
public sewer system.
In Farrell typhoid fever occurred as frequently in the new residential section as
it did in the poorer homes, close to the mill district. Sixty-seven of the seventy
typhoid fever cases in Farrell were in houses connected to the public sewer sys-
tem. All of the 328 houses erected by the Carnegie Steel Company are connected
to the public sewer system.
Public sewers from both Sharon and Farrell discharge into the Shenango River
without treatment. Upon leai*ning the conditions existing in these two borough in
reference to typhoid fever, the City of New Castle Water (company and the Beaver
Valley Water Company were notltied by telephone concerning the probable pollu-
tion from Sharon and Farrell and advised to take additional precautions in treat-
ing the public water supply.
Individual Water Supplies.
In both boroughs all individual water supplies used by the typhoid fever cases
were sampled by officers from this Department and analyses were made at the De-
partment laboratories. In Sharon twenty drilled wells, six dug wells and two
springs were sampled. Twenty -four of the twenty-eight sources were at residences,
four were wells at the public schools. The results of all the samples collected
showed a relatively low number of bacteria and in no samples were B. Coli found.
In Farrell twenty -eight samples were collected from drilled wells and six from
dug wells. Four of these samples were from school supplies and one from a church.
The results of these samples showed a very low number of bacteria and no B.
Coli. This is a rather remarkable showing for individual water supplies. It is
believed that the results are due to the vigilance of the Carnegie Steel Company in
caring for their employees. Beginning in September 1911 the Carnegie Steel Com-
pany, through its laboratory, made analyses of all the well watery or spring waters
used by its employees in Sharon and Farrell, special attention being given to in-
dividual supplies in Farrell, as the company owns a large section of this borough.
Acting upon the results of the analyses, twenty -six mdividual water supplies were
condemned and closed to use in the two boroughs and the emploj'eea of the com-
pany were instructed regarding the care which should be exercised in using indivi-
dual water supplies. There is no reason to think that typhoid fever was caused by
an infected individual water supply in either borough.
30. TYPHOID FEVER AT TARENTUM AND BRACKENRIDGE.
During November the number of cases of typhoid fever in Tarentum and Bradcen-
ridge, Allegheny County, reported to the State Department of Health reached the
proportions of a small epidemic. There occurred in this month twenty -five cases in
Tarentum (population 8,172) and seventeen cases in Brackenridge (population 3,797).
There have been typhoid outbreaks in this locality in previous years and investi^-
tions by this Department have made its officers familiar with local conditions. The
public has been frequently and forcibly warned by the health authorities of the
aanger incident to not boiling water to be used for driuking, culinary and personal
purposes. This applies also to some of the private well waters.
On December 3rd, Assistant Engineer, R. E. Irwin, was ordered to go to Taren>
tum and Brackenridge to make an investigation. I^ater Assistant Engineer, W. C
Riddle, was detailed with several inspectors to make a house to house canvass in
the two boroughs in order to ascertain the general conditions pertaining to the use
of the public water supply, its quality from time to time in the opinion of the con-
sumers, the practice as to boiling it, and the use of other water supplies. In con-
nection with this canvass detail data were collected relative to all typhoid cases
which were found to have occurred during the year. The investigation was con-
tinued until December 16th.
The entire distributing district of the Allegheny Valley Water Company, the bor-
oughs of Tarentum and Brackenridge and parts of East Deer and Harrison Town-
ships, Allegheny County, showed an undue prevalence of typhoid, which together
with the laxity of the methods of the water company, pointed to the water supply
as the source of infection. Therefore, the condititm of the filter plant and the
method of operation of the water w^orks system were at once given attention.
Public Water Works.
The water supply is derived from a crib in the bed of the Allegheny River op^
posite Brackenridge up-stream from Tarentum and about sixteen miles above Pitts-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
vm
burgh. The water flows to an intake well and is pumped to a filtration plant on
the hillside. Adjacent to the tilter plant is a storage basin for filtered water from
which the distributing system is supplied. The filter plant was installed in 1907,
under the provisions of a decree issued to the water company by the State Depart-
ment of Health. In 1911, and again in 1912, a temporary chlorinated lime disin-
fecting apparatus was installed at the pumping station under the direction of of-
ficers of this Department because of the undue prevalence of typhoid fever, but the
water company neglected to maintain the plant in operation after the crises. In
the summer of 1913, a similar plant was installed under the direction of a Depart-
ment officer, to treat the efiluent at the filter plant and was in operation as a
temporary process when the State Health Officers inspected the plant in December.
The equipment and operation of the water works have not been maintained ac-
cording to the standards of first class engineering practice. The filtration has not
been under the direction of expert operators. The decree of the Department pro-
viding for the installation of the filter plant stipulates that no other water than
that which passes through the filters shall be delivered to the public, and yet on
several occasions, particularly to meet emergencies, unfiltered river water has been
pumped into the mains of the public system through cross-connections with local
industrial plants. This matter has been referred to the Attorney General of the
. Commonwealth .
The inspection of the filter plant by the officers of this Department at the begin-
ning of the investigation showed that improvements had been made during the
summer and the results of bacteriological analyses of samples collected from the
water works system and analyzed at the laboratories of the State Department of
Health, failed to show contamination of the public water supply at that time.
Miinicipal Water Works at Tarentum.
A municipal water works system has been nearly completed by the borough of
Tarentum and is expected to furnish filtered Allegheny river water to the inhabi-
tants of that town at any early date. The project was brought about by general
dissatisfaction with the supply and methods of the Allegheny Valley Water Com-
pany and was consummated only after long drawn out litigation in the local courts
between the local water company and the borough.
Typhoid Fever Record.
The record of cases of typhoid fever in Tarentum and Brackenridge as reported
to the State Department by the local authorities under the State law, is as follows
from the beginning of such reports, except that the figures for 1913 have been
augmented by additional cases discovered during the special canvass of these two
boroughs conducted by the State Health Department officers between December 3rd
and December 16th. Zeros represent reports of no cases and daahes represent
failure to report
TYPHOID FEVER GASES IN TARENTUM.
January. .
February,
March, ...
pSt- .::::
June
July
Aoffuat, . .
September,
October, . .
Norember,
December,
ToUl.
Month.
1906
1906
1907
4
0
3
17 ;
11 '
13 I
0
1909
1910
1911
1912
0,
0
26
23
16
0
a
78
47
in<
87— 14r-1915
Digitized by
Google
ms
B16HTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc.
TYPHOID FEVEB CASES IN BRACKEN KIDOB.
rebruary*
March. ...
April
Maj
June
July
ADfnst. ...
Beptemoer,
October. ..
NoTember,
December,
Total.
Month.
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
UU
19U
39U
8
17
1
7
U
M
U
«
The number of typhoid cases in the district of the water company in Ejast Deer
and Harrison townships was in proportion to those in the two boroughs aooordinc
to population.
Tarentum showed a high trphoid feyer rate until the installation of a filtration
plant in 1907 and the incomplete reports for Brackenridce indicate a similar condi-
tion there. The marked drop in the prevalence of ue disease incident to the
fater installation indicates very dearly that the previous typhoid may be attributed
to the use of unfiltered river water and shows what a dangerous source of supply
this water is.
An epidemic of typhoid developed in 1911, subsequent to an increase in the
disease during the previous year. It was found upon investigation by State Health
Department oflScers to be clearly attributable to negligence in the operation of the
public water works. The investigation and the emergency measures instituted by
this Department are set forth in the Annual Report of 1911. The epidemic of
typhoid fever in 1912 in Tarentum but not in Brackenridge, was found to be due
to infected private wells.
The investigation by Department officers in December 1913, included a census of
all typhoid cases in the two boroughs from July to the time of the investigation.
The first cases included in the census were twenty-seven in Tarentum and twenty-stx
in Brackenridre reported to the investigators by the local health authorities, al-
though their lormal reports to the Harrisburg office of the State Department of
Health gave a few additional cases. The Department investigators found in Tar-
entum fourteen additional cases of which ^rei were later reported to Harrisburg
whOe nine were never reported by the local health authorities: also in BradLen-
ridge nine additional cases of which one was later reported to Harrisburg while
eight were never reported by the local authorities.
The investigation of the State Department of Health of typhoid fever cases in
Tarentum and Brackenridge with dates of onset from July to November indusive.
covered forty-one cases in Tarentum and thirty-five cases in Brad^enridge. A few
cases in the early part of this period not reported to the Department investigators
are not induded in these figures nor in the discussions and tables which follov.
all substantially as presented in the report of Assistant Engineer Irwin.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONKR OP HEALTH.
1379
0BN8US OF GAS^ OF TYPHOID FBVBR TAKEN BY fiTATB HEALTH OFTIOERS:
Arranged by Dates of Onset.
Day of Ifontli.
TuentQm.
u
^
^
<
1
^
^
Bnckenridge.
I
1
i
s
I
1
1
1
i
• •••^
""2
.....
6
.
......
......
i
::::::
;;;;;;
i
1
2
i
i
1
1
1
2
i
2
i
8
a,
1
8
2
1
1
1
t . .
a\
6
•"•i| ""
1
6
'""z
8
1
2
9
1
••••
10
S ::.:.:::::.:::::::::::::::::
12
i ::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::
*::::: i
i
16,
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
i
1
i
......
8
25
1
16
.....
17.
18
.'.'.'.*.'.
S ::::::::::::::"::::::::::::
20,
1
S; :;::::::::::::::::::::::::::
a
2
3 ......
1
S
""i
5
1
» ^^
«; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1
28
«
S ....
1
» I!!!!!!!!!..;!;!!!..!.!!..!!
1
ii'
2
Total
0
1
0
f
28
The age and sex of the cases in the two boroughs are shown in the following
table:
Age.
0-4
6-8
10-14
1M8,
20-24
2B^.
00-84.
85-88
40^
€0 and orer.
Total.
Taxentam.
Btaekenridgo.
Male.
Female.
1
2
1
1
,,
0
1
1
1
1
2
28
18
Male.
Female.
,,
1
,,
1
18
22
Digitized by
Google
13Q0 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
The occupation of the cases in the two boroughs are shown in the following table:
TARBNTUM.
Flaccus Glass Works, 4 Domestic, 2
Child, 6 Second Ward School, 4
First Ward School, 4 At home, 1
Aluminum Works, New Kensins^ton, 1 Cobbler, 1
Housewife, 5 Parochial School 1
Laborer, — ^ 3 Errand boy, 1
West Penn Steel Company, 1 Klacksmith 1
High School, 2 Allegheny Steel Company, 1
Unknown, 2 i :
Paperhanger, 1 Total, 41
BRACKVNRIDG'B.
Child, 3 First Ward School 2
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, High School, 1
Plant No. 1, 1 Natrona, 1
Public School, 7 Second Ward School 3
Child 3 Preacher 1
Domestic, 3
Housewife , 5
Allegheny Steel Company, 6 Total, 35
Milk Used By Tphoid Cases.
The milk supply in Tarentum. for thirty-five of the cases was obtained from thir-
teen dealers. Three of the cases used no milk and three used condensed mUk. Of
the thirteen dealers, Breck and Huffman supplied fifteen cases and none of the
others supnlied over three. Breck and Huffman were large dealers and had an ex-
tensive route in both boroughs. There is no reason to think that the infection was
caused by an infected milk. Many of the same dealers delivered milk in Bracken-
ridge. Mr. Chas. Wilhelra who supplied two cases in Tarentum. supplied ten
cases in Brackeuridge and had the largest number in this borough. J. E. Murphy
who supplied three cases in Tarentum supplied six cases in Brackenridge. Breck
and Huffman who supplied fifteen cases in Tarentum supplied but three cases in
Brackenridge. The remainder of the cases in Brackenridge were distributed among
seven dealers. Three of the Brackenridge cases used no milk, and two used con-
densed milk.
Water Used By Typhoid Cases.
The cases in Tarentum all used the public water supply, except one who ob-
tained his entire supply from the Harris well. Sixteen wells and springs were used
by the various patients in connection with the public water supply. Three eases
obtained water from the First Ward public school in addition to the public water
supply, one case in addition to the public supply used the high school well and two
used the Second Ward School well. In no instance did more than Uiree cases use
the same individual water supply. In Tarentum eighteen cases used the public
water supply only and the others used the public supply in connection with ten
wells and springs except the one who used from the Harris well. In Brackenridge
three cases obtained water from the public school well in addition to the public
water-supply. The public school wells in both boroughs and seven other individual
supplies were sampled by State Health officers and the results of analyses made at
the State Health Department laboratories did not show that these sources were
contaminated at this time.
The cases in both boroughs were distributed in the low lands as well as on the
hillside and throughout the built up incorporated areas.
Township Typhoid Cases.
Four cases occurred in East Deer Township, the date of onset of these cases
occurred in October and November and agree with those in the two boroughs and
all used the public water supply as well as well water when at work. There were
three cases in Harrison Township. The dates of onset were in the earlv part of
November. All of these cases used the public water supply and two used water
from wells.
House to House Canvass of Water Company Districts.
On December 12th and 13th, 1913, a special census was made in the boronsfas
supplied by the Allegheny Valley Water Company. This census consisted of a
house to house canvass by inspectors from the State Health Department. In mak-
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1381
inff this canvass a special census card form 660 was used at each house visited.
When it was found that there had been a case of typhoid fever or dysentery in the
household then a census of the case or cases was recorded on the regular typhoid
fever census card and submitted with the special census card. This special census
was made to learn as near as possible, the exact facts throughout the boroughs
concerning the use of the public water supply and individual water supplies. The
Department had investigated two other typhoid fever outbreaks in this territory
<ind numerous warnings had been issued concerning the boiling of not only the
public water supply but individual water supplies. Also it was known that many
of the consumers complained that the public water supply was frequently turbid.
It was also thought that the records of the local boards of health in the two bor-
oughs were not complete and that possibly there were typhoid fever cases and
dysentery cases throughout the boroughs of which the local boards had no record.
The census card form 660 was as follows:
"Form 660
COMMONWWSALTH OF PBN>NSTLyANIA. lyBPAiBTMENT OF HEALTH.
SPECIAL CENSUS CARD.
Name,
Householder
Street Address,
Total population of household,
Have you running water in house? Do you boil it?
Is water ever turbid, When
Do you use spring or well water Do you boil it?
If well, is it dug or drilled? Location and name of spring or well
Any typhoid fever during 1913? Typhoid census card for each case,
Any dysentery in November? Typhoid census card for each case
Inspector "
The special census revealed fourteen typhoid fever cases in Tarentum that had not
been reported to the investigators, and five cases of dysentery; and in Brackenridge
nine cases of typhoid fever not reported to the investigators and one case of dysen-
tery.
The result of the special census in Tarentum, Brackenridge and East Deer
Township give the following results concerning the public and individual water
supplies:
TARENTUM.
1,664 houses visited
7 houses vacant
1,657 houses occupied having population of 8,172
107 houses having no public water supply of which
33 used drilled wells
65 used dug wells
9 used spring
1,550 houses used public water supply
543 houses boiled the public supply for domestic use
1,007 houses used public water supply unboiled
1,007 houses complained the public supply was turbid as follows:
46 turbid all times
28 turbid on Mondays
97 turbid after rains or high water
836 turbid occasionally
BRACKENRIDGE.
811 houses visited
5 houses vacant.
806 houses occupied having population of 3.797
122 houses having no public water supply of which
48 used drilled wells
63 used dug wells
11 used springs
684 houses used public water supply
103 houses boiled public water supply for domestic use
581 houses used public water unboiled
308 houses complained the public supply was turbid as follows:
11 turbid at all times
6 turbid on Mondays
13 turbid after rain or high water
273 turbid occasionally C^r\r\n]t>
Digitized by VjOOv IC
1382 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
BAST DBBE TOWNSHIP.
408 houses occupied having population of 1,962
34 houses having no public water supply of which
12 usedf drilled wells
13 used dug wells
9 used springs
369 houses used public water supply
15 houses boiled the public water supply for domestic use
354 houses used public water supply unboiled
134 houses complained that the public supply was turbid as follows:
3 turbid at all times
0 turbid on Mondays
12 turbid after rain or high water
119 turbid occasionally
Summarizing the special census for the entire district it is found that there were
2,866 occupied houses visited representing a population of 13,931. In 2,603 of these
homes the public water supply was used. In 661 homes the public water supply
was boiled when used for domestic purposes. It will be noted that the great
majority of the homes in which the water supply was boiled were in Tarentum.
From 1,444 households there were complaints concerning the public water supply.
In 1,942 households the public water supply was used unboiled, and, as was pre-
viously shown from the regular typhoid census, typhoid fever occurred almost
wholly among those using the puhlic water supply. The census indicated that a
great deal of the time the tap water was turbid. It was difficult to obtain specific
information when turbidity occurred ; thirty-four answers to this question indicated
that turbidity occurred on Monday. This may be due to the fact that the con-
sumption on Mondays is much greater than on Sundays and the change in velocity
through the mains may have been great enough to loosen the deposit in the mains
and make the water noticeably turbid. There were 122 complaints that turbid
water followed rains or high river stage. It would seem that these complaints were
sufficient in niunber and so distributed over the entire district as to show that there
was a considerable change in the character of the supply at these times, and this
would indicate that the filter plant was not efficiently operated when the river water
was highly turbid.
Conclusions .
Conspicuous among the noteworthy features of the typhoid outbreaks in Taren-
tum and Brackenridge is the shortsightedness of the policy of this water company
which, though it installed a filter plant, has persistently delayed fulfilling the de-
crees and requirements of the State Department of Health relative to the operation
of its water works and has neglected the demands of the public and which con-
sequently must now, it appears, suffer a serious financial loss, due to the installa-
tion of a municipal water works system in Tarentum. There are no longer such
occurrences in the management of progressive water companies, which realize that
their own best interests go hnnd in hand with those of the public.
Perhaps equally significant is the continued almost utter disregard shown by tho
public, particularly in Brackenridge and East Deer TownRhip, to repeated notices
to boil the water, according to the information furnished by householders. This
state of affairs in a district where, moreover, the water has been complained of
extensively, illustrates the comparative carelessness so frequently shown toward
risks of health and life from using dangerous water. Even in Tarentum where the
dissatisfaction of the public has now taken concrete form in the installation of a
municipal water works, nearly two-thirds of the consumers in the meantime have
been willing to run the risk attendant upon using the water without boiling.
The permanent establishment at an enrly date of thoroughly efficient filtration,
whether by the company or by the municipality, provision that the introduction of
raw water may not be necessary even in emergencies, and the closing of dangerous
private wells, prominent factors in the past, should result in a marked decrease of
typhoid fever in these towns during the coming year.
31. MEASURES TAKEN TO FORESTALL FURTHER SPREAD OF TY-
PHOID FEVER AT WEST READING THROUGH THE PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLY.
The unsatisfactory condition of the public water supply of West Reading Borougii
and vicinity, a condition which persisted to the end of the year, the imminent
danger that an outbreak of typhoid fever, showing eighteen cases in June, might
develop into an even more spvore epidemic, and the emergency measures employed
to minimize this danger, are the subjects of the following report made by Assistant
Engineer Ralph E. Irwin, who had charge of the situation.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1383
On June 25th I received orders to go to West Reading, Berks County, to investi-
gate the public water supply and to obtain information concerning the presence of
typhoid fever within the borough and the district served by the West Reading Water
Company. In the following report is set forth detailed information concerning
the public water supply, general information relative to typhoid fever, and recom-
menoations concerning the improvements necessary to place the public water supply
in a safe condition. The local health authorities in consultation with the Medical
Division of tliis Department took the necessary steps for handling the outbreak.
Location and General Conditions.
West Reading Borough is located on the west side of the Schuylkill River and
opposite Reading City. A bridge on Penn Street connects the borough with Read-
ing. A great part of the inhabitants are employed in Reading. The incorporated
area covers nearly four hundred acres. The built-up section covers that part south
of Penn Street from the Schuylkill River running west about half a mile. Almost
as a whole the built-up section lies on a hillside with a marked slope to the east
toward the river. New portions of the borough are being built north of Penn Street
on the hill top and to some extent on the slope away from the river on the west,
draining into Wyomissing Creek.
The present population is about 2,200. The population in 1910 was 2,061. There
will probably be a steady growth. Extensive improvements in street railway con-
nections with Reading are now in progress. The Borough of Wyomissing borders
on the west. The built-up sections of the two boroughs will join in a few years,
as the growth of each borough is toward the other.
The borough has no sewer system, cesspools and earthen privy vaults being in
use. Many of the cesspools reach the limestone undcrlayer in the higher portion of
the borough. The lower portion, on the hillside toward the Schuylkill River, dis-
poses of the^greater part of its sewage into cesspools sunk through ten to fifteen feet
of red and yellow clay reaching beneath this stratum into sandy clay. The cess-
pools are usually twenty feet deep. Occasionally the cesspools become clogged and
non-percolating, necessitating frequent cleaning. Brick or stone lined gutters are
provided along the majority of the streets. Into these gutters is discharged a great
part of the wash water and sink drainage from the kitchen. In some instances the
discharge pipes from bath tubs are connected to these gutters. One of these storm
drains will be described more in detail in connection with the public water supply.
Typhoid Fever.
In the following table is shown the typhoid fever record of West Reading Bor-
ough as reported by the Secretary of the local Board of Health to the State De-
partment of Health.
WKST KEADING TYPHOID FEVER RECORD.
1907 I 190S I 1909 . 1910 , 1911 1912 19U
I ■ I ' 1 ,
January ' —I 1 — 0 1 0 0
February — — i 0, 0, 0 Oi 0
March • _ _i o 0 C 0. 0
April, _ — _ 2 Oi 0 0
Kay - — , 0 6 0 0, 0
June ' - — , 0, 1' 0| o! 18
July , —I — ! 0 0' 0| 0, 1
Anguit I — —I 0 0; 11 0' 0
September, i — ' —' 0' 0' l' 4- 0
October I — — 0 10
November 0, — i 0' 0! 0
December, Ol — j 0, l] 0
ToUl I 0, ll 0 10 8
4. 2
4l 0
0 0
Apparently the record was not carefully kept for the first three years in the
above table. The present Secretary of the local Board of Health, Dr. C. S. Reber,
seems convinced that the public water supply has been the cause of nearly all of
the fever cases reported from this borough and especially these occurring in 1912
and 1913. Dr. Reber says he has carefully looked into this matter and has found
that the cases reported to him from his own borough may be attributed to the
public water supply and that also the cases in Wyomissing Borough may be at-
tributed to the West Rending water supply. Only a part of Wyomissing Borough
is supplied by the West Reading Water Company According to Dr. Reber it is in
this part that typhoid fever occurs, there having been several cases there during
Digitized by
Google
1384 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Do<?
the first half of the present year and all of these cases having been consumers of
the West Reading water supply. A census was not taken of the typhoid fever
cases, this being in the hands of the Medical Division, but inquiry was made to
learn the location of the cases so as to know approximately the number of cases
in the part of the borough discharging wash water and bath water into the street
gutters draining into the Schuylkill River near the intake of the West Reading
Water Company. Reference to drainage from this part of the borough will be made
in that part of the report dealing with the public water supply.
PUBLIC WATSB SUPPLY.
General Statement.
The public water supply is furnished by the West Reading Water Company. The
water works superintendent, pump station operators, and a few of the stockholders
live in West Reading. The other officials and several stockholders live in Reading
The charter under which the water company operates was granted May 17th,
1880. The water works was installed the same year. For ten years water was
pumped direct from the Schuylkill River into the distributing system, the overflow
going to several large wooden tanks. In 1896 a Warren filter unit was installed,
and more recently two standpipes have been erected. The distributing system has
been extended from year to year as desired. Water is served to a part of Wyomis-
sing Borough as well as to the whole of West Reading.
The water works as a whole is old and inadequate. A great part of the distri-
buting system is too small for the district served and much of it is nearly filled
with sediment. Service mains recently removed were foimd completely filled with
a deposit, principally of fine coal.
The water works at present comprises an intake from the Schuylkill River, a
pump station and filter plant combined, two standpipes and the distributing system.
Intake.
The pump station is located at the foot of Chestnut Street on the east side of
River Koad. From the pump station a six inch suction main extends about two
hundred feet east to the Schuylkill River. Penn Street bridge crosses the river
about a thousand feet north of the intake. About fifty feet below the bridge an
island begins, which extends south nearly in the centre of the river for approxi-
mately twelve hundred and fifty feet. This island divides the river flow, the main
channel being on the east. Water flows down the west channel only during hi^h
water as gravel and sand have gathered in the west channel entrance, fiULng the
channel above ordinary flow a distance down-stream of about one hundred and fifty to
two hundred feet. Thus, about eight hundred feet up-stream from the intake the
water stands stagnant for the most part, except as a small quantity flows in from
springs in the bottom and sides of the channel or a small quantity seeps through the
sand and gravel , filling the upper end of the channel . The intake pipe extends out into
this pool about twenty feet. It is claimed by the recording secretary that a spring
exists under the foot valve of the intake. This may be true, and other pprings pro-
bably exist in the channel bottom. The amount of water, however, removed
through the intake is much greater than that entering the channel by seepage or
springs as water from the east channel rounds the lower end of the island about two
hundred and fifty feet distant and flows up-stream to the intake. One hundred and
twenty-five feet below the intake and on the west bank of the river a sewer dis-
charges into the channel. This sewer carries industrial waste and waste water
from the Alexander Hot Factory near at hand and also surface drainage from a
considerable portion of West Reading. The discharge from this sewer, colored as
it is by dye from the hat factory, is easily traced as it flow.s up-stream to the water
works intake. The dye may often be seen also in the coagulant tank and filtered
water tank at the pump station. Thus, the water supply secured by the water
works is obtained almose wholly from the east channel of the Schuylkill and is con-
taminated within a short distance from the intake by tbe discharge from a sewer.
The east channel water is polluted by both industrial waste and sewage from Read-
ing.
The sewer above mentioned as entering near the water works intake is a storm
sewer, mostly uncovered and carrying besides the hat factory waste, the storm
water, wash water, and in some cases bath water from about two hundred dwell-
ings in West Reading Borough. No closet drainage is known to enter, except from
an occasional cesspool that may be overflowing for a short time. This drainage,
however, constitutes a special danger when typhoid fever exists on this drainage
area and the wash water, and possibly the both water, is discharged by way of this
sewer to the water works intake. Such was the case during the past summer.
There were as many as six cases of typhoid fever at the same time in that part of
the borough contributing to this sewer.
Pump Station and Filter Plant.
According to the pump station operator, the pump station was orginally a single
story rectangular brick building, twenty feet by forty-five feet containing one steam
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1386
boiler and one pump. When the filter unit was installed an addition was built to
the old pump house. This addition was a brick structure, a story and a half high
and twenty-eight feet square. The extension in width was made on the north side
of the old station. The building as it now exists contains a boiler, raw water
pump, filtered water pump, filter unit, sedimentation tank, and clear water tank.
The steam boiler was built by Sotter Brothers of Pottstown and is said to be from
42 to 45 h. p. This boiler furnishes the only power available.
The raw water pump is a duplex double action Worthington, six by ei^it and a
half by six. As usually operated it makes forty revolutions a minute. The speed
of the pump is regulated by hand according to the height Of the water in the. sedi-
mentation tank, which in turn is regulated by the rate of filtration. The lift from
the river intake to this pump is reported to be seventeen feet. This pump, it is
said, cannot pump water to the distributing system.
The filtered water pump is a single pistoned double action Guild and. Garrison
pump, sixteen by nine by ten. The usual rate is forty to forty-five revolutions a
minute. This pump takes water from the clear water tank or from the intake line
and discharges direct to the distributing system, the overflow going to either or both
of the standpipes. This pump is old and apparently not in good condition.
The filter unit is of the Warren-Jewell circular wooden tub type and was in-
stalled in December 1896. It is ten feet eight inches in diameter and about ten feet
deep. The filtering surface is approximately ninety square feet. Sand of a depth
of about two feet rests upon a false bottom composed of a perforated copper plate
supported on cross bars. The filtered water is collected in a chamber beneath the
copper plate and is removed by gravity through an eight inch connection to the
clear water tank. In the centre of the true and false bottom an eighteen inch flume
extends up through and about two feet above the sand . Through this flume the raw
water enters and distributes over the sand area dtiring filtration and the Vash
water passes out this flume during the washing process. Also during washing a
part of the water is collected in troughs about the inside of the filter Walls and this
water is carried to the centre flume. Across the top of the tank placed On timber
supports is the machinery for operating the reversible rake bar agitatori^ which are
usea to break up the sand when washing the unit. A small vertical engine furtiisbfs
the power for operating the rakes. The rake bars extend into the' sand to within
a few inches of the copper bottom.
The sand in the unit is apparently of good quality and the sand grains are in good
condition. The sand bed, however, was very dirty and clogged easily. Th^ was)i-
ing process did not cleanse the sand bed. The agitation was probably suflfcient
but the wash water could not be removed fast enough to allow the rate of washing
to be sufficiently high to carry the sediment to the sewer.
Raw and Clear Water Tanks.
In the northwestern comer of the pump station is a tank twenty- two feet by
seven and seven tenths feet by eight and a quarter feet deep. A division wall
divides this tank fifteen feet from the west end. The west end of the tank which
is a tank of fifteen feet by seven and seven-tenths feet by eight and a quarter feet
is used as a raw water tank and the east end which is seven feet by seven and seven
tenths feet by eight and a quhrter feet is used as a clear water tank. In the raw
water tank in the southeast corner, the five inch raw water discharge main enters
one and four-tenths feet from the bottom. The water flows north and then west
around a bafile that extends within two and two tenths feet of the end of the tank
and then into an outlet chamber. The outlet chamber is two and eight .tenths feet
from the southeast corner and is three and one tenth by three and two tenths feet
extending from the bottom of the tank within two and four tenths feet of the top.
Thus the raw water tank must be filled within two and four tenths feet of the top
before water may leave for the filter. The outlet to the filter unit from this tank
is an eight inch pipe two feet from the bottom. The division wall between the raw
and filtered water is lower than the outside walls of the tanks so when the raw
water pump discharges at a higher rate than the water passes through the iSlter
unit the raw water passes over the division wall into the clear water tank.
The filter effluent enters the clear water tank by way of an eight inch pipe two
feet from the bottom. This pipe discharges into a compartment three and seven
tenth feet by two and one-tenth feet. The beieht of this compartment varies as the
inner side is composed of an iron plate which may be raised or lowered at will . This
plate is manipulated by a pulley and weight. Thus by raising and lowering this
plate the head on the filter is regulated and this in turn regulates the rate of filtra-
tion. From this compartment the water discharges into the clear water tank and
leaves by way of a six-inch pipe, eight-tenths of a foot from the bottom, conUected
with the clear water pump.
Coagulating Tanks.
Upon a loose platform over the raw water tank are two small tanks. One tank
two feet in diameter and a foot and a half high is placed upon supports so that an
Digitized by
Google
1386 EIGHTH ANNUAL BBPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
alum solution prepared in this tank may flow from a faucet in the bottom to the
alum feeding tank which is of wooden construction three feet in diameter and two
and forty-eight hundredths feet high. The feedinc tank discharges into a wooden
orifice box which no longer serves as a regulating oevice and then the solution flows
through a pipe discharging at the inlet end of the raw water main.
Standpipes.
The dear water pump discharges through a six inch force main direct into the
distributing system. The discharge main passes up Chestnut Street about 2,400
feet to the two standjpipes on the south side of Chestnut Street between Fifth
and Sixth Streets. As the force main crosses streets running at a right angle
to Chestnut Street, four inch mains are connected with the discharge main and
serve these streets. Each standpipe is of steel construction, seventy feet high
and twenty feet in diameter. One standpipe was built in 1911, the other has
been in use several years longer. Both are in good condition and clean and
are usually operated together.
Distributing System.
The distributin|f system has been extended each year as desired. The main
distributors are six inch and the laterals four inch pipe. The system undoubtedly
contains a great amount of deposit. Many consumers complain of the low pres-
sure and small flow. The pressure at the pump station is seventy-five pounds
when the standpipes are full. At the time of several inspections the pressure
at the pump station was about sixty-six pounds. The pressure in houses sur-
rounding the standpipes is said to be about ten pounds or less. This is probaUy
true as often the standpipes are nearly empty and at such times the pressure
would be less than ten pounds.
According to Mr. M. A. Gringo, Treasurer of the West Reading Water Com-
pany, there are 463 dwellings in West Reading, and all but one take water from
the West Reading Water Company. In Wyomissing there are 150 to 200 houses
supplies by the Water Company. On the north side of Penn Street near the top
of the hill, is a section of undeveloped land that is now being rapidly buDt up.
In this territory there are now fifty houses, approximately, under construction.
In this district 2,000 feet .of water line has recently been laid .
Operation and Efficiency.
The construction of the plant is such that proper operation is impossible. Under
the best conditions the results are unsatisfactory. To solve the proolem an entirely
new plant should be buUt. The filter unit usually acts as a strainer. During
flood stages the water is sometimes very low in alkalinity. At such times the
alum solution used passes on through the filters as no alkali is added. Finely
divided coal and clay easily pass through the sand bed. Several times coloration
from dye waste was very apnarent in the clear water well. The dye waste causing
the color comes from the Alexander Hat Factory and is a part of the flow from
the sewer which discharges a short distance below the intake and was referred to
in the early part of this report. Because of poor pumping facilities it became
necessarv at times to bypass the filter. The record of the filter plant operator
shows that the filter was bypassed and water was thus pumped du-ect from tlie
river to the distributing system February 11th to 27th, 1912, and from 8 a. m.,
June 19th, until late in the afternoon of June 20th, 1913.
The typhoid outbreak in June started too early to be attributed to this par-
ticular instance of pumping raw water on June 19th and 20th. However, as
previously stated, raw water often passes direct from the raw water tank across
the division wall between the raw water tank and the dear water tank. Un*
doubtedly, this is a daily occurrence. It has been the custom to use alum only
when the river water is very turbid and as was previously shown at such times
the alum solution cannot act. When alum is not added the filter sand is washed
almost daily and in this way acts as a strainer.
Emergency Measures.
On June 25th, 1913, the water company was ordered to use alum constantly and
to begin at once with the use of chlorinated lime as a ^rmicide. On tiie 28th
of June temporary apparatus was installed and the use of chlorinated lime began.
In this same apparatus alkali was added when high water occurred. The water
company was also directed to make reports to this Department regarding the
operation of the plant and this has been done.
On June 26th and frequently thereafter samples were collected for bacteriological
analysis at the Department Laboratories. The results of these examinations were
as follows:
Digitized by
Google
No. U. OOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1387
Collected June 26— Not Treated With Qermicide.
Bacteria B. Goli
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Kitchen tap, 396 Penn Avenue, 37,500 50
2. Kitchen tap, 90 S. Sixth Avenue 10,500 25
3. Kitchen tap, 323 Spruce Street, :.. 20,000 20
4. Kitchen tap, 10 S. Second Avenue, 18,000 30
5. Clear water baaiA« 32,000 75
6. Inlet raw water, ♦.. . 42.000 450
7. Clear water basin, 27,000 0
8. Hat factory drain, 75,000 7,500
». Hat factory drain, 90,000 9,750
10. Baw water, 42,000 600
11. Filtered water, 18.500 75
Collected July 2— Treated with C^ermicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
12. Tap, 5, Franklin Street, 10.000 4
13. Reading Hotel 8,090 0
14. Clear VeU, 16,500 45
17. Baw water tap of filter (untreated),, 21,000 800
15. Clear weU inlet 13,500 0
16. Baw water inlet at tank (untreated), 20,000 800
Collected July 7— Treated with Germicide after Filtration.
Ba^eria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Kitchen tap, 396 Penn Avenue, 3,000 0
2. Kitchen tap, 625 Penn Avenue, 1,500 0
3. Kitchen tap, 104 S. Second Street, 3,500 0
4. Raw water at pump station ^untreated), 9,000 0
5. FUtered water at pump station, 2,400 0
6. Filtered water at pump station, -3,500 0
Collected July 14— Treated with Germicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
lb. Kitchen tap, 396 Penn Avenue,.... * 1,800 0
2b. Kitchen tap, 625 Penn Avenue, 540 0
3b. Kitchen tap. 100 S. Second Street...... 3,600 0
4b. Filtered water at pump station, 30 0
5b. Filtered water at pump station, 15 0
6b. Raw water at pump station (untreated), 6,000 0
Collected July 21— Treated with Germicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
Ic. Kitchen tap, 366 Penn Avenue, 1,000 4
2c. Kitchen tap, 625 Penn Avenue 2.400 0
3c. Kitchen tap, 100 S. Second Street 1,800 12
4c. Filtered water at pump station 4,000 16
5c. Filtered water at pump station,.... 3.600 24
6c. Raw water at pump station (untreated), 10,000 540^
Collected Aufnist (^Treated With Germicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
Id. Kitchen tap, 398 Penn Avenue, 32,000 . 0
2d. Kitchen tap, 625 Penn Avenue i5,000 0
3d. Kitchen tap, 100 S. Second Street 32,000 0
4d. Raw Wajfcer tap on pump at pump station (untreated),.. 50,000 0
5d. Filtered water from pump station 40,000 0
Od. FntereiT water from pump station. 30«000 20
Digitized by
Google
138SI EIGHTH ANNUAL RKPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Collected September 22— Treated with Germicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coll
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Raw water (untreated), 6,008 1,000
2. Sedimentation basin 3.000 210
S, Tap, pumping station 2.000 150
4. Penn Street Hotel, tap, 600 36
5. Tap, Res. of E. Welder. 437 Chestnut Street, 1.800 120
Collected December 1— Treated with Germicide after Filtration.
Bacteria B. Coli
perc.c. perc.c.
1. Raw water (untreated), 1.200 0
2. Tap from pump, i;000 0
3. Tap, Penn Street Hotel 150 0
4. Tap, West Reading Hotel, 140 0
5. Tap, 322 Chestnut Street 120 0
From the above results it will be noted the raw water is highly polluted and
that this pollution is but slightly decreased by passing the water through the filter
plant. The treatment of the water with chlorinated lime has been very unsatisfac-
tory. On June ^th, the local Boards of Health of West Reading and Wyomissing.
directed the consumers of the West Reading Water Company's supply to boil all
water used for domestic purposes. At that time typhoid fever was prevalent in
this section and it is believed that this warning was heeded and accounts to a
considerable degree for the low tj^phoid rate thereafter.
Steps Toward Permanent Improvements.
Following my oral report on June 27th, the following communications were sent
to E. Carroll Schaeffer, Secretary West Reading Water Company, G. W. Alexander
& Company, owners and operators of the Alexander hat factory, the Burgess and
Town Council of West Reading, and Dr. C. S. Reber:—
"June 27, 1913.
*'Burgess and Town Council.
West Reading, Pa.
" Gentlemen :—
"Drainage from the borough and hat factory is still being discharged into the
Schuylkill River a short distance below the intake of the West Reading Water Com-
pany. This drainage endangers all those using the public water supply and especially
IS this true at the present time w^en typhoid fever exists in that part of the borough
from which kitchen waste and wash water is discharged into the river.
"You should advise and co-operate with the West Reading Water Company and
G. W. Alexander & Co., that in some way the discharge of this drainage may be
removed to a point further down the stream where it will be impossible for the
drainage to backflow to the water works intake.
**The West Reading Water Company and G. W. Alexander & Co., are being
advised concerning this matter.
"Yours very tnily,
"SAMUEL G. DIXON."
"June 27, 1913.
"Dr. C. S. Reber, Pres.,
, Board of Health,
West Reading, Pa.
"Dear Doctor:—
"I am herewith enclosing copies of letters being sent to the West Rending Water
Company, the Burgess and Town Council, and to G . 'W . Alexander & C«)mpany. I
am giving you this information that your Board may use its influence in bringing
about the betterment of existing conditions . The opening of the channel by the
water company is not sufficient, but the drainage should be carried- to a "point
further down stream so that backflow to the intake will be impossible. The cost
of this improvement will not be great and it appears to be negligence on the part
of the borough that the outlet of the drain was ever removed up the river tp its
present position. It is hoped that your Board will use its influence to have this 'mat-
ter adjusted not later than the coming council meeting held July 1st.
"The Department stands ready to assist in this matter in any way possiUe. The
water company is ready to make improvements as re<imred by the Department, '.but
it does not seem just that the company should be required to correct errors dne
to the negligence of the local authorities and the hat factory.
"Yours very truly,
"SAMUEL il. DIXQN."
Digitized by VjOOQIC
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1380
''June 27, 1913.
"G. W. Alexander & Co.,
Reading, Pa.
"Gentlemen ; —
"It is important that some immediate action should be taken to remove the dis-
charge of drainage from your manufacturing plant and the borough to a point
down stream from which it will be impossible for the drainage to backflow to the
intake of the West Reading Water Company. You should therefore advise at once
with the borough authorities and the West Reading Water Company to bring about
this improvement. It is important that action should be taken at once or I will be
compelled to place the matter in the hands of the Attorney General for adjustment.
"Yours very truly,
•SAMUEL G. DIXON."
"June 27, 1913.
"Mr. E. Carroll Schaeffer, Sec,
West Reading Water Company,
524 Washington Street,
Reading, Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"The source from which you obtain your water supply is an unsatisfactory one.
You are aware of this fact and it should be necessary for me to simply call atten-
tion to improvements perhaps already contemplated, but which should be made at
once.
"The river channel on your side of the island should be opened so that water
would pass down over the pumping station intake and thus prevent any backflow
reaching the intake.
"You should advise and co-operate with the borough authorities and the officials
of the Alexander hat factory that in some way the drainage now entering the river
a short distance below your intake may be carried to a safe point down stream.
"Existing conditions render the water difficult to purify. Because of this you
should use additional precautions. Coagulant should be used constantly. It may
be necessary to use a germicide. An Engineer from this Department will advise
with you concerning the operation of your filter plant. To assist the Department
in its efforts you should keep records of daily operation and submit copy of such
records weekly.
"Yours very truly,
"SAMUEL G. DIXON."
On July 3rd, the Borough Council, the local Board of Health, and G. W. Alex-
ander & Co., held a meeting. The Water Company had no representative present.
This meeting resulted in the sending of a commuuication to the W^ater Company
asking that the drainage from the sewer be carried to a point far enough down
stream to prevent it entering the water works intake. Neither the Borough nor
G. W. Alexander & Co. assumed any responsibility.
During the year 1910 the Water Company had constructed a thirty inch iron out-
fall pipe along the bank of the river leading from the junction of the sewer with
the river, to a point about 240 feet below. At this point the fall of the river is
sufficient to prevent waste discharged here from being carried back to the water
works intake. This pipe line was in use a very short time as it filled with sedi-
ment and was not cleaned out. The sewage then discharged into the stream as be-
fore. During the fall of 1913 the Water Company had about a twelve inch section
cut from the top of this thirty inch iron pipe and throughout its entire length.
Through this opening the deposit in the pipe line was removed. A connection
was made with the sewer and since that time this pipe line has carried sewage a
safe distance below the water works intake. This, of course, is but a temporary
improvement .
It would seem that the borough should asume the responsibility of properly dis-
posing of the discharge from its sewers. The borough has been negligent in this
matter. The negligence of the borough, however, does not relieve the Water Com-
pany of its responsibility.
Digitized by
Google
1390 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.
On November 19th, 1913, the following communication was sent to the West Read-
ing Water Company through its Secretary, E. Carroll Schaeffer.
"November 19, 1913.
"Mr. E. Carroll Schaeffer, Sec,
West Reading Water Company,
S2A Washington Street,
Readinfir. Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"Beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of November 13th regarding the opera-
tion of your waterworks.
"It becomes my duty in the interest of the public health to notify and require
you to forthwith engage the services of an engineer experienced in the treatment
of water to undertake the responsible supervision of your water works in West
Reading and establish its operation in a manner so as not to be prejudicial to public
health. Emergency measures may be used immediately such as the use of chemical
germicides and the cleansing of pipes, etc.
'*The equipment at your pumping and filtration plant is inadequate. You are
therefore, hereby ordered and required, in order that your company may fulfill its
obligations to the public, to have prepared and submit to this Department on or
before February Ist, 1914, plans and specifications and a report for a pure and
adequate source of supply and to be prepared to at once undertake the execution
of the proposed plans after they are modified, amended or approved by this De-
partment.
"Yours very truly,
"SAMUEL G. DIXON. •*
On November 21st, 1913, the Secretary of the Water Company replied that the
letter of November 19th had been duly received and would be submitted to the Board
of Directors of the Company. It is reported that permanent improvements will
be consummated the coming year.
32. TYPHOID FEVER AT WRIGHTSVILLB.
During the fall of 1913, an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in the Borough of
WrightsviUe, York County. There were thirty -one cases of the disease. All but
one were attributed to the use of water from the Big Spring, so called, and indi-
vidual weUs. Assistant Engineer, William C. Riddle was assigned to make the
investigation and the following is his report:
During August, September, and October, an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred
in the borough of WrightsviUe, York County. This outbreak was investigated by
the writer at intervals from October 16th to November 8, 1913.
The Borough of WrightsviUe is a manufacturing community of 2,100 inhabitants
located in the eastern part of York County on the west bank of the Susquehnna
River. In 1900 the population was 2,266 and in 189a, 1,912. The town was laid
out in 1811 and incorporated as a borough in 1834. The Frederick Branch of the
Central Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad passes through WrightsviUe con-
necting it with the cities of York and Lancaster and the Borough of Columbia.
The latter town is on the opposite side of the river from WrightsviUe and the two
towns are connectecl by a combined railroad and highway bridge. An inter-nrban
electric line extends between WrightsviUe and York . Throujrh the' town near, the
river in an easterly and westerly direction extends the McCalls Ferry and Power
Company's canal which has not been in use since 1899. HeUam Township entireb*
surrounds WrightsviUe, except for the small river front.
WrightsviUe is in a fertile farming vaUey of limestone formation. Hellam, the
main street, extends due east and west through the borough, the drainage area
sloping to the north toward the river and to the south toward Creitz Creek. The
manufactories include the Riverside Foundry Co., the Susquehanna Casting Co.,
the WrightsviUe Hardware and Foundry Company and several smaller establish-
ments of various character. The town is electrically lighted, current being furn-
ished by a private company. This plant and most of the factories are located along
the river bank and have either permanent intakes from the river or temporary ar-
rangements to use it as a source of supply for boUer and industrial purposes when
the public supply in the town fails.
Three-fourth of the population in the borough obtains a water supply for domestic
purposes from private sources. The largest of these by far is knoi;^ as the Big
Spring located at the corner of Second and Walnut Streets in the low lying portion
of the town, one block from the river. Water therefrom is supplied direct to a
half dozen houses and the overflow is used by over .500 persons, either wholly or in
part, the water being carried to the various houses. There are about a hundred
weUs in the borough in the limestone formation. The greater majority are dug.
There are about a dozen neighborhood wells along the public streets, the water
from which is used by the occupants of from one to fifteen properties. Rain water
cisterns are also used on account of the hardness of the ground water.
Sewage is disposed of in common privy vaults, cess- pools, crevices in the lime-
stone and in a few instances by private sewers to the river. There are a nombtf
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONBR OF HEALTH. 1291
of storm water drains but these receive little or no sewage or waste water. Al-
though the close proximity of the privies, cess-pools, and wells renders the latter
suspicious sources of water supply for domestic purposes, it is reported that up
to the present time there has been little typhoid fever in Wrightsville.
Water Works System.
The Wrightsville Water Supply Company was incorporated June 16th, 1897, for
the supply of water to the public in the Borough of Wrightsville. The supply is
obtained from springs along the course of a small tributary of Greitz Greek at a
point about one mile southwest of the borough and at times from the small run
Itself. An additional supply is obtained during drouths from six drilled weUs sunk
during the years 1911 and 1912, in the vicinity of the storage and distributing reser-
voirs.
On November 10, 1909, in response to an application for permission to obtain
an additional source of water supply from Jacobs stream, a permit was issued to
the Wrightsville Water Supply Company. In this permit a complete description
of the source of supply and water works system was set forth at length and the
following description of the existing system will therefore be brief.
Greitz Greek rises eii^ht miles southwest of Wrightsville, follows a winding course
through a farming territory and flows easterly through the southern part of Wrights-
ville Borough to its confluence with the Susquehanna River. The tributaiy of
Greitz Greek along which the springs are located and from which a supply is at
times obtained, enters Greitz Greek from the South. On the west bank of the
run is a concrete reservoir having a capacity of 200,000 gallons. An overflow weir
five feet long is provided at the side toward the run at the lower end and a drain
pipe for flushing is also installed at the lower end. About a hundred feet above
the reservoir is an old masonry breast extending across the ravine. The reservoir
it forms was the original source of supply but it has been abandoned and the pipes
disconnected from the existing water works. The spillway was at the eastern end
of this dam. Stones have been removed from the spillway so that there is a notch
in its center. The course of the run below the spillway is along the eastern side
of the concrete reservoir.
Along the western side of the reservoir there is a ditch which has been constructed
for by-passing the storm water from the hillside above, which consists of about
thirty acres of open farm land having steep slopes toward the reservoir. This ditch
fills up rapidly and during excessively heavy run-offs storm water overflows into the
basin carrying surface scourings with it. Furthermore, the waste way channel
below the old abandoned reservoir is insuflicient and during heavy storms surface
water overflows into the reservoir. This occurred at least twice during Uie summer
of 1913.
The main supply consists of two springs known as No. 1 and No. 2. The former
is by far the larger. Spring No. 1 is located four hundred feet up the eastern
ravine above the reservoir. It is closed by a concrete structure about four feet
square, open at the top and covered by a wire screen. About fifty feet down the
run on the same bank ia a concrete intake enclosure also covered with a wire screen.
From it a masonry breast extends across the channel of the run. The intake en-
closure receives the flow from the spring mentioned through a four inch pipe and
also at times the flow from a spring in the bank close to it through a six inch pipe.
A grated opening provided with a wooden sluice gate affords access to the intake
box for the water in the pond. A four inch pipe line rises vertically hi the bottom
of the intake chamber to within a few inches of the elevation of the adjacent dam
and connects with a six inch supply line leading to the reservoir. A plug is in-
serted in Uiis four inch supoly line when it is desired to shut off this supply. At
the time of the Department's recent investigation the sluice gate was dosed but
water from the stream was leaking through the sides and passing through one inch
holes bored through the sluice eate near the bottom.
The drainage area above the dam comprises about a hundred acres of farm land
with steep slopes. There is one property on the shed and a private road extends up
the ravine. On the property on the shed, water is piped from a spring to a bam
yard trough and the overflow carries barn-yard drainage back to the stream so
that even during normal weather conditions there is a certain amount of barnyard
drainage to the run.
It is reported by the water company officials that the sluice gate is closed during
rains.
Spring No. 2 is about two hundred feet above the old reservoir at the foot of the
western slope of the west ravine. The spring forms a small pond,
dammed by a semi-circular wall. The pond receives the run-off from the
hillside above it and some of the water from the small run especially during storms.
At the foot of the hillside is a concrete intake box covered with a wire screen and
provided with a wooden sluice gate. This sluice gate is supposed to be closed during
rains, but it is not tight and. even when closed, surface drainage may enter the
intake box. The outlet pipe from the intake box rises vertically from the bottom
to within a few inches of the elevation of the waste weir and connects with a six
inch supply line which joins the line leading from Spring No. 1. Below the Junc-
tion the pipe passes around the western side of the old water works pondi and ex*
8S
Digitized by
Google
1392 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OflF. Doc.
tends through the top of the reservoir wall at its southwestern corner. The drain-
age area tributary to the ravine above the spring No. 2 comprises about a hundred
acres and is similar in character to that above spring No. 1. A public road extends
up the ravine and there is one farmstead about a quarter of a mile above the spring.
It is possible that drainage from a pig-pen on this property may enter the spring.
A shallow dug privy vault is located about fifteen feet from the stream and con-
tinues to be a menace to the purity of the waters therein. Stray cattle have at
times wandered on the very edge of the pond and there is no guard to keep them
from getting into the water.
The outlet pipe from the reservoir rises about a foot above the bottom. It is
ten inches in diameter to a point a few feet from the reservoir and is provided with
a shut off valve. The gravity main is eight inches in diameter. The distributing
system in Wrightsville is said to consist of about five miles of six and four inch
pipe. There are fire hydrants connected to the system and flush outs along the
river, so it is reported. During the drouths of the past few years, the supply has
proved entirely inadequate. At the time of the Department's recent investigatiou
there were only about six inches of water in the reservoir. At such times no fire
protection whatever is afforded.
On October 17th, 1913, the water company officials were communicated with and
instructed to install a temporary hypochlorite of lime treatment plant for the treat-
ment of all water supplied to the public. On October 18th, the plant was installed.
The apparatus is crude and can be considered only as a very temporary precaution.
It is located immediately above the reservoir and consists of a mixing barrel and a
half barrel provided with a float valve. The apparatus was placed on the ground
surface and the chemical solution drips directly into the funnel placed in the six
inch gravity main leading to the reservoir.
No shelter is provided and the plant does not receive the attention it should in
order to produce satisfactory results. At the time it was installed the flood gates
were closed and the flow into the re^rvoir at this point was approximately 43,000
gallons for twenty-four hours. As the lime had n contact period with the water
before entering the reservoir of but one or two seconds it was decided to dose the
flow from the drilled wells, which is delivered direct to the reservoir. On the basis
that the total aupp\j' from both sources is approximately 60,000 gallons in twenty-
four hours, it was decided to use half a pound of lime each twenty-four hours,
which would be approximately one part of lime to one million parts of water.
Samples collected at times from various portions of the water works system and
analyzed bacteriologically showed the water to be dangerous. The results of the
analyses are as follows:
October 6,
October 16,
Tap from reserTolr,
ICeserroIr,
Spring No. 1
Spring No. 2
Arthur Hill tap
Bacteria
B. CoU
per c. c.
per c. c.
180
100
9
130
2
160
On October 27th, 1913, the following communication was sent to the water com-
pany:
"Wrightsville Water Supply Co.,
"622 Court Street,
"Reading, Penna.
"Gentlemen : —
**This is to notify and require you to forthwith install and maintain at your reser-
voir for the treatment of the water with a chemical germicide an up-to-date ap-
paratus of first class engineering desiirn so protected that it can be kept in operation
throughout the winter until an adequate permanent supply of water not prejudical
to public health is obtained in accordance with plans to be submitted to and approved
by this Department. This chemical plant shall be made satisfactory to the State
Department of Health and is to replace the present emergency installation. The
water company shall forthwith seal substantially with cement concrete the openings
in the spring enclosures above the resorvoir so as to positively exclude all surface
water. If any emergency inlet for surface water is to be made at these enclosures,
it shall be by means of metallic gate valves of approved design so that the flow
can be regulated and the chemical apparatus adjusted accordingly.
"Regarding the Creitz Creek proposition, there is no information before the De-
partment to show that a plant can not be designed to suitably purify this source of
supply,
"Very truly yours,
"Samuel G. Dixon.**
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1393
During the past few years the Wrightsville Water Supply Company has been
furnishing a supply of water unsatisfactory both in quantity and quality to the in-
habitants of Wrightsville Borough. In April 1913 suit was brought by residents
against the water company in the court of Common Pleas of York County with the
result that the court handed down the following order:
"IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLDAS OP YORK COUNTY.
PENNSYLVANIA.
SITTING IN EQUITY.
Henry McElroy, Chief Burgess of Wrightsville Borough,"'
York County, Pennsylvania, W. W. Drenning and
E. A. Waltman, of the Borough of Wrightsville,
Pennsylvania, Plaintiffs.
V8.
Wrightsville Water Supply Company, Defendant.
No. 1. August Term
1913.
"And now, to wit: Sept. 30, 1913, this case came on to be heard and by agree-
ment of Henry C. Niles, Solicitor for Plaintiffs, and W. F Bay Stewart, Solicitor
for Defendant, it is ordered, adjudged and decreed:
"1st. That the Defendant Company be, and is hereby ordered, required and de-
creed to furnish to the Borough of Wrightsville, the Plaintiffs, and other citizens
of said Wrightsville Borough using the water of defendant, a sufficient supply of
reasonably pure and wholesome water.
"2nd. That unless the said defendant shall furnish to the Borough of Wrights-
ville, the Plaintiffs, and other citizens of said Wrightsville Borough using the
waters of Defendant, a sufficient supply of reasonably pure and wholesome water,
on or before July 1st, 1914, all of the prayers of the bill filed by the Plaintiffs will
be granted, unless the respondents shall have made a bona fide effort to provide
such adequate supply of reasonably pure and wholesome water; and if the said re-
spondent shall have made such effort, and for any cause beyond Defendant's con-
trol, shall not have succeeded in completing the necessary work, then the said case
shall be continued and such additional time may be allowed to complete the im-
provement of the plant so as to accomplish the purpose of the first decree herein as
the court in its judgment shall deem fair and sufficient.
"Kxcepting as to above decrees the case shall be held open for the future action,
orders and decrees of the court."
Milk Supply.
There are but two dealers supplying milk in Wrightsville namely: J. D Drenning
and Haugh & Kline.
J. D. Drenning is the larger dealer, furnishing on an average of 350 quarts
daily. Two delivery wagons are used, one for the bottle trade serving about one
hundred customers and one for the can trade supplying two hundred customers.
Milk is purchased by and delivered to the Drenning milk depot in Wrightsville
from seven farms all located in Ilellam Township, within three miles of Wrights-
ville. The dealers are as follows:
Tenant. Owner. Address.
Mrs. Arthur Able, (Jessop
Farm J. L. Jessop), Mrs. Anna Huber York.
A E. Strickler Wilton Cook Wrightsville, R. D.
W. G. Wallick, Jas. Stoner Hallam.
Geo. Cohn, Harris Keesey, York.
Frank Wambaugh, A. B. Sprenkle Wrightsville.
Albert Hilt Mrs. David Cook York,
H. B.Keller, Dietz Est., Hallam. ^•
88—14—1915
Digitized by
Google
1394 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE OS. Doc.
The Jessop farm is the larj^est, 200 pounds of milk a day from fifteen oows beinfe
the output. There are two properties on the farm, one occupied by Mr. Jessop and
the other by the tenant Mrs. Arthur Able. The tenant house is located 150 feet
from the bam and Mr. Jessop*s house 300 feet distant. Mrs. Able has charge of the
milking. The water for washing the cans is obtained from a rain water dstem.
The cans are scalded and the attendant is careful and cleanly. The stable is in a
good condition, weU ventilated, and the cows are kept clean. After milking the milk
is poured into cans which are covered and placed in a water trough to cool. Elacb
day the milk is delivered to Drenniug in Wrightsville.
In August 1912, there was a case of typhoid fever in the Jessop house. The
patient, Blair Jessop was eleven years old and attended school in Wrightsville.
She had nothing to do with the milking. A trained nurse was employed and car-
bolic acid and lime used on clothes, hands, and in the sick room and on the stools
which were buried. Water at the Jessop house was obtained from a dug well. It
is not adequately protected against surface drainage. Water therefrom was used
for household purposes. The results of analyses of samples collected on September
3rd, 1913, from the well, reservoir, and rain water cistem are as follows:
Sample
Namoer.
No. 1
No. 2
No. 8
No. 4
No. 6
Source.
Well I
WeU
Oistem reservoir,
lieservolr , |
House dstern (contains raw water used for washing, etc.), ^
Bacteria
B. OoU
per c. c.
oer c. c.
1.000
100
1.500
1 ■ 2
800
' 150
600
1 M
640
1
These samples were collected by Dr. Hoover of Wrightsville and it is i-eported by
Mr. Jessop that the use of water for domestic and culinary purposes without being
boiled has been discontinued.
On October 24th, 1913, the following letters were sent to the owner and tenant of
the property:
"Mrs. Anna Ruber,
"York, Penna.
"Dear Madam:—
"The water from the dug well on the farm owned by you and tenanted by Mr.
J. L. Jessop, located in Hellam Township, near Wrightsville, is laden with sewage
organisms and a constant menace to the health of the people using the same. The
well should either be abandoned or thoroughly cleaned out. If uiis latter course
is pursued the water used in the meantime should be boiled for at least twenty
minutes before being used for domestic or culinary purposes. After the weQ is
cleaned the water should be analyzed to determine whether or not the source of
pollution has been removed. Furthermore, the well should be adequately protected
against surface drainage and provided with a tight cover.
"The rain water cistern is in poor condition. It should be thoroughly dcuied
out. if the water therefrom is to be used, and provided with a tight cover. There
is danger in its present condition, in the use of water therefrom for drinking pur-
poses and for washing milk cans.
"Yours very truly.
"Samuel G. Dixon "
"Mr. J. L. Jessop,
"Wrightsville, Pa.
"Dear Sir:—
"As you are aware the water from the dug well on the farm owned by Mrs. Anna
Huber and tenanted by you is laden with sewage organisms. The well should eitfaM'
be abandoned or thoroughly cleaned out. If this latter course is pursued the water
used in the meantime should be boiled for at least twenty minutes before being used
for domestic or culinary purposes. After the well is deaned the water should be
analyzed to determine whether or not the source of pollution has been removed.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1395
Furthennore the well should be adequately protected against surface drainage and
provided with a tight cover.
"The rain water dstem is in poor condition. It should be thoroughly cleaned out,
if the water therefrom is to be used, and provided with a tight cover. There is
danger in its present condition, in the use of water therefrom for drinking pur-
poses and for washing milk cans. A letter similar to this is being forwarded to
Mrs. Anna Huber.
"Yours very truly,
"Samuel Q. Dixon."
Conditions on the Wilton Cook farm were good. The stable was well ventilated
and the floor, mangers, and cows were clean. No milk is stored, it being delivered
each day to Drennmg. The milk utensils are scalded and when filled placed in a
spring to cool. Water for domestic use is obtained from a spring and well both of
which are adequately protected against surface drainage. There are fifteen cows
on the farm and the amount of mUk averages 200 pounds a day. It is said that no
typhoid fever has ever been present on the premises.
The Jas. Stoner farm supplies 100 pounds of milk a day, this being the output
of nine cows. The entire stable was in a sanitary condition, the cows were dean
and the attendants deanly. Immediately after milking, the milk is placed in covered
cans and stored over night in a spring house. Each morning it is delivered to
Drenning in Wrightsville. Water for all purposes is obtained from a spring. The
utensils and mUk cans are scalded and aired out doors. It is said that there has
never been a case of typhoid fever on the farm.
At the Harris Keesey farm the physical conditions were excellent. The stable
throughout was sanitary and the cows dean. After milking in the evening the
cans are placed in a spring house until morning when it is delivered to Drenning.
The cans are washed in boiling water, dried, and aired in the open. No typhoid
fever has ever been present on the farm. The spring in which the cans are placed
is well protected as is also the well at the farm house, the water from which is used
for domestic purposes. The cows number eight and the amount of milk averages
about fifty pounds a day.
Conditions at the A. B. Sprenkle farm are also good. The stable is dean, wdl
ventilated and lighted. The mangers and cows are clean. The attendants appear
to be careful and cleanly. The buckets in which the milking is done are immedlatdy
covered with doth, removed from the stable and the contents thereof poured into
cans. Water from a well protected against surface drainage is used for all pur-
poses. The cans are scalded and all necessary precautions appear to be taken.
There are six cows on the farm, the daily amount of milk is about twenty-five
pounds. It is said that there has never been a case of water-borne disease on the
premises.
At the David Cook farm the stable is dean with the exception of cob-webs, the
ventilation is good. The mangers, walls, and fioor are dean and the cows appear
to be in good condition and receive careful attention. Milk is poured from budcets
directiy into cans which are placed in a spring house. All utensils are washed with
hot water. The cows number ten, the milk averages fifty pounds a day. It is said
that no typhoid fever has ever been present. A verbal notice was given thoroughly
to dean the stable.
Conditions at the Dietz Estate farm are excellent. The stable is well ventilated,
lighted, and white-washed. The cows are kept clean, apd the attendants are above
the average in intelligence. All water is obtained from a dug well which appears
to be adequately protected. The cans and utensils are boiled and aired. The cows
number twelve and the amount of milk six gallons a day. No typhoid fever has
occurred on the farm, it is said. All the milk from the above farms is delivered
daily to the J. D. Drenning milk depot on Hellam Street in Wrightsville. The
milk is first weighed and then transferred to the heating vat where the tempera-
ture is raised to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. From this vat the milk posses to a
separator where the animal and foreign matter is removed, thence to an aerator
where the temperature is reduced to 54 degrees Fahrenheit. Double sieve strainers
through which the milk passes are installed in the weighing cans, heating vats
strainers and in the aerator. The milk is then bottied by machinery. It is said
that all the operations conform with the Pure Food laws*. The botties are boiled
in a trough, sal soda being used. They are mechanically washed, rinsed, and
drained. The premises are reported to be in a sanitary condition.
Haugh and Kline, the other firm serving milk in Wrightsville. obtain the supply
from four farms all located in Hellam Township within two miles of Wrightsville
The owners and tenants of these farms are as follows:
Tenant. Owner. Address.
Millard Poff, Jas. Strickler, Wrightsville
Wm. HUt, Jns. Strickler Wrightsville*. R. F. D
Henry Smith Wm. H. Flora, Wrightsville
Haugh & Kline, Haugh & Kline Wrightsvillei R F D
Digitized by
Google
1396 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPOllT OF THE Off. Doc.
These dealers serve 160 consumers and the amount of milk sold averages from
forty-five to fifty gallons a day. Of this amount from sixty-five to seventy-five per
cent, is sold from cans and the balance in bottles. The milk is delivered from the
Haugh and Kline farm by Mr. Kline who collects from the Strickler and Hilt farms
on his way to town. The milk from the Flora farm is brought daily to Haugh and
Kline.
At the Strickler farm the existing conditions from a sanitary standpoint in so far
as the dairy is concerned were excellent. The stable throughout, the cows, barn-
yard, and attendants were clean. Directly after milking the milk is poured into
covered cans which are placed in a watering trough, used only for this purpose,
and are collected in the morning by Mr. Kline. All utensils and cans are washed
in hot water and aired out doors. The cows number fifteen and the milk averages
150 pounds a day.
During July, 1913, there was a case of typhoid fever on the farm, the patient
Verna Poff, age fifteen, attended Patrick's school in York, returning home over
Sunday. She had nothing whatever to do with the care of the milk. The stools
were carefully disinfected with carbolic acid and lime and disposed of in a cesspool.
This cesspool is about twenty-five feet from a dug well from which water for all
purposes is obtained. The ground slopes from the well toward the cesspool. The
patient was nursed by her mother who carefully disinfected her hands and all
utensils. She nevertheless superintended the milking. The sick room was screened.
A sample of the water from the dug well was analyzed at the Department labora-
tory on October 22nd, the results being as follows:
Bacteria B. Coli
per c. c. per c. c.
Dug well, Poff Farm, 300 0
The conditions at the Hilt farm were generally satisfactory, the stable was dean
and white- washed, but cob- webs covered the ceiling. The barnyard was in a good
condition. A stream of water flows through the farm in which the cattle wade. All
cans and utensils are boiled, water being obtained from a dug well located at the
house. Over night the cans are placed in a spring house. There are but two cows
on the farm. No typhoid fever has ever occurred, so it is said.
The Flora farm is well kept up. The barnyard and the stable throughout are sani-
tary with the exception of cob-webs. The cows are healthy looking and clean as well
as the attendants. Water for all purposes is obtained from a ninety-five foot drilled
well cased to rock. The well is located ten feet distant from the barnyard and the
water is either pumped by hand or by a gasoline engine to the watering trough which
is near, and to the farm house. This supply is usea for all purposes and is said to be
obtained from a gravel and slat^ formation. There are eight cows on the premises
and the milk is delivered each day to the Haugh and Kline farm . The milk is placed
in cans after milking and the cans are boiled and aired daily. No typhoid fever has
ever occurred on the premises.
The Haugh and Kline farm has been tenanted by Mr. Kline for less than a year.
The barn is in good condition although not too well lighted and ventilated. Cob-webs*
are on the ceiling. Mr. Kline is. however, now engaged in placing the barn in
better condition. He intends to put in a concrete floor and make it modern in every
respect. The stock numbering five, were well kept and the attendants cleanly".
Water for all purposes is obtained from a drilled well 105 feet deep, cased to ro<*k
and pumped to the barn and house by menns of a gasoline engine. The bottling room
in the basement of the house is scrupulously clean The cans and bottles are boiled
each day. Any milk left over is spparatod and churned into butter. It is reported
that there has never been a case of typhoid fever on the estate.
Typhoid Fever Outbreak.
Investigation has shown that the reports of typhoid fever cases during the past
few years from the local Board of Health to the Department are incomplete and
inaccurate. Although typhoid fever has never before been epidemic, the cases
have been more frequent than the table bolow indicates.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSI6MEII OP ttKALttt.
Wt
Monthly and Yearly Typhoid Fever Cases.
Compiled from Reports to the State.
January,
Febroary,
March, ..
April,
May,
Jane,
July
August, . .
September,
October, .
November,
December,
Totol.
Month.
U06
::::! ='
2t
ol
ol
0
0|
0'
0
1 ;
0
0
0,
1910
19U
1912
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
—
0
0
—
0
0
—
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
3
191S
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
16
1
0
0 =No cases.
— —No report.
The investigation conducted by the Department extended at intervals from Oct.
16th to Nov. 8th inclusive. During this time a census was made of all the cases
occurring during August, September, October. In all thirty-one cases were in-
vestigated. Detailed data have been secured concerning all these cases and from
this information the conclusions arrived at as to the cause of the outbreak have
been deduced. The following table shows in detail the pertinent facts collected
concerning each of the thirty -one cases.
Digitized by
Google
1398
filGflrtl ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doe.
'Mnoq Of B9BB3
2911)0 JO jaqoiQN
*90iioq
JO nonvindod iv^ox
SI
fa
s
P4
o
■40«^ r<e M
SCO
H
I
§ 55 5S&5 flflfl a fl& a 5255 55 5
*a a S5S aa
9 g II I II ll-** I
I I II I II III I II I lll| U I
^ -4 mw 00 flooQ ooBQO 00 oo o oooo oo C
'"I
8
o
a ss gci» » 8
I I II
MM^
I i| III I i: :
a aa aaa a a| «
an oooD QDoooo 00 sqO O oooo oo O
ilH II I
- ::- I
5«||S8
S5||S5'33
• • *.SiS.S JSJS
I 1 fill 11
I I i«! If
I I ^1 I II 111 I
U S ooS o» ns mooa 00
- 5 i' "- *g
00 «D C3££ac fi.as
•S-VS5 ->• i
-aiSaii M p»lunH
oD Sod 000900 oo ooS OB aoodaoS •■ ■
•xag
1 h i^ri ^s
a h^ hSS :ii hS h ssb-s aia h
•aav
ss » sis
*- 98 ••s « -« a s^ac as s
'j»qain.«^
: p 9 «4 A0 S«*0 § OS 9 Am :a ■
• a «-l .a R»s I a| I -i J .-"' »
^ g »
s s g,
a
-9 . - - r 4 ^ . - o* . - . : *
oog M da OOQ^ M Sd h *gB3l •» *
B Jo ^ Jo <<Sa ^ d<4 bi J^jJ kS 9
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEAI-TH
1309
U
I
: : :
i
: : :
M
558S
5;
aVa
&
III
JO
1
III
1
S
o o u
ooo
ooo
55
I I III I III I
2 2 222 2 222 2
o o o t» c; c V o o «
O O OOO O OOO O
i i i
► ► ►
2 2 2
ja ji n
9 ^ ?
^ ^ ^
9 « « « « «
2 2 222 2
5 If ??5 f
i all s" Hi I
« ? IP I III I
S I gg| 2 III a
00
a
dsa
s
a>aS
a
fi
i
hhS
a
»;ha
a
8
»
::]aa
S!
a*-58
s
a~S9 ^iSS s; SSSS S«
Digitized by
Google
1400
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Oflf. Doc.
S5=
!
"3
III
It.
5
a
ll
5»H .
a «
5 a*
«
g
s
5" a
III
S3
a 0
|i;
^
§11
q
1^
SI*
o
a
^'t
IS^s
».^
^-•
iS
CQ
H
>
CQH
«<
a
s
at
^-^
o
"•pasn auin
O c.
•peiana
•|OodH8aj
•jfAiaj
•SOBD
•Samoa
« S ^ io-
« o « oo
^ fa u h%
+ + + +g
-1-4-4- : :
o S
■e "
« . oT * « «
Q "3
|i| IIS ' I pEEEi
ao-^ cosao o oooo<
G) 04 Oi & <
c & & & <
E
o
+++ +++5 + +++++ 4-
4- : : : :4- : : :4-4-4-4- 4-
: : : :4- : : : 4- : : : : :
:4-4- 4- : :4- 4- : : : : : :
4- 4- 4- 4-4- 4-4-4- 4-4-4-4- 4- 4-4-4-4-4- -»-
-J9qinn.>;
• • * • « •
ffl "a: *
be tc« bcdi M :
00
» O X S 5 S
■2 S sal 1^ 5 0.S sro;
U5 us u! o oS fi£5 c5-
iSS
M : M : M M M
s ' a • a a a
cs : er : as « c
cr: "^ a c
r
a
Siil
OS »'^* fii - K
tcusjo teg :te
6s •i^x: 6CA
7au
aeaeee
fcSfc
a, P c
S^^^ 2 ^*l;S* 8
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF IIK.VLTH.
1401
111 bU
+ + + +++I
++++
: 4. : +++ :
4-4- :4-
4. : : : : : : : : : :
: : 4- : : :+
: :++
4- 4-
++++
-H-f++
4- : :4- :
^ :
0
-- 4j .« «|| ^aas
i4
B a a d
aaaa
aaaa
2! ^ £ ^
v: PQ
S 5
80 n 1^
- Jf I
0C CQ SQ
5z:J5 ««
iOOoQ . .eon
•c "S "S fe's^'2 "S^ *
I S fi ^^.& ^g-'S;
S S 00 Mtt&^co cqScuod
Digitized by
Google
1402
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Off. Doc.
The age of the patients is shown in the following tabulation, which also shows
the age with respect to sex:
Age, Years.
Male.
0-6.
6-10,
U-15.
16-20,
21-25.
26-SO,
31-86,
86-40,
41-46.
46-50,
61-66.
19
Pemale.
Total.
The various occupations as shown in the following table indicate that at least
forty-five per cent, of the patients were infants, students, housewives, or persons
residing at home or a total of fourteen faU under this list. The detailed table is
as follows:
Infants, 1 Laborer 4
Students, 9 Clerk, 1
Moulder, 8 At home, 2
Machinist, 1
Housewife 2
Stenographer, 3 Total, 31
With respect to the onset, the dates are set forth below. In some few cases thej
are only approximate.
Time of Onset.
Aug. 5, 1
Aug. 25 1
Sept. 1. 2
Sept. 11 1
Sept. 13 1
Sept. 16 1
Sept. 20 1
Sept. 21, 1
Sept. 26. 2
Sept. 26 1
Oct. 1 2
Oct. 2 2
Oct. 4, 2
Oct. 6 2
Oct. 6 1
Oct. 7 1
Oct. 8, 1
Oct. 11 2
Oct. 15.
Oct. 16.
Oct. 18.
Oct. 19,
Oct. 20,
Oct. 26,
Total 31
In the following table is given the distribution of the milk supplies.
Drenning.
16
Kline & Haugh. Drenning & Kline & Hau|fh.
10 5
As Mr. Drenning has 300 consumers and Kline and Haugh 160 consumers, it is
seen that the cases are distributed proportionately between the two dealers.
Generally speaking the cases were scattered through individual houses. Follow-
ing is a tabulation of the cases with respect to their location:
No. of houses with one case, .,
No. of houses with two cases,
Total Houses.
23
4
No.
27
31
Digitized by
Google"
No. U.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
1403
One of the significant facts with respect to the outbreak is the sronping of the
cases in one section of WrightsviUe. Hellam Street extends due east and west
through the central part of the town. It is interesting to note that all but four of
the cases reside either on Hellam Street or to the north thereof and that three of
the patients who reside to the south of Hellam Street were employed in the district
to the north thereof. In this section of the borough there reside approximately 900
persons. Only a small percentage of this population obtain water for domestic pur-
poses from the mains of the Wrightsville Water Supply Company. The remainder
generally use water obtained from private dug and drilled wells and from a number
of springs. It is estimated that, at least during the summer months, water is
entirely or at times obtained from the Big Spring by half the population residing
to the north of Hellam Street.
The so-called Big Spring and the location of the typhoid fever cases in reference
thereto, together with the location of the private and public dug wells and certain
cesspools is shown on the accompanying sketch.
»HarryC6^h^
R)URTH
mi9»tnc/t
ST
Ce\sooo/ a
k
•Ca/himcA^bCbrf^
^YIlffhrFbff
)hf.non9
Jtt
•Geo HcX/3Ct9f ^
WRrOHTSVlLLE
Typhoid District
The Big Spring is located in the cellar of a double brick property located at the
comer of Second and Walnut Streets, owned by Morris Kauffelt and tenanted by
Samuel Welsh and Harry Townsend. It has been in use more or less for about
one hundred years. Prior to 1880 the spring was not walled up and the water there-
from was delivered across the cellar iu a wooden trough whence it entered a two
and a half inch iron line extending across the street to a small receiving basin.
Digitized by
Google
1404 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
This receiving basin was constructed of wood and located aboat twelve inches below
the ground surface. An overflow pipe therefrom extended a distance of a few feet
to a brick enclosure from which the inhabitants obtained their supply of water,
until October 18, 1913, when it was walled up. In 1889 the spring m the cellar of
the house was enclosed with brick walls and covered with stone slabs, the wooden
trough was removed and a four inch cast iron bell and spigot line with cemented
joints laid from the spring to the small wooden enclosure in the street, before men-
tioned. The original two and a half inch iron line was removed to the street line,
that portion of it lying in the street proper being left in the ground. At the time
of the Department's investigation on October 17th the mud cellar of the property
was full of running water. It was discovered that this water came from the spring
through a break in the surrounding wall. By excavating the pipe line leading to
the spring enclosure in the street it was found that this cellar drainage seeped into
the ground and thence flowed underneath the pavement and into the old original
two and a half inch supply line passing through this line into the enclosure from
which the inhabitants derived their supply. The spring issues from a limestone
formation at a point about five feet below the ground surface. The ceUar of the
property was in a filthy condition. The running water in the cellar was used by
the occupants in lieu of a refrigerator and decayed vegetable matters were scattered
about. Immediately above the spring and about fifty feet distant is a pig pen and
above this on the same steep slope leading toward the spring are a number of earth
privy vaults filled to overflowing. On this w^atershed at a point three hundred feet
distant therefrom at an elevation of about forty feet above the spring is the property
of Harry Scott where there was a case of typhoid fever in November 1912. The
wastes from the patient, it is reported, were deposited in this privy without proper
disinfection. At the corner of Fourth and Locust Street is the Kocher property
located abcjve the spring and about six hundred feet distant therefrom. There was
a case of typhoid fever on this property in March 1913, the wastes from the patient
being discharged into a cesspool which was formerly a dug well. At the comer of
Walnut and Third Street one block above the Big Spring there was a case of ty-
phoid fever in the Mathew Kerr property in December 1911, the wastes therefrom
being discharged into a cesspool.
During the month of August 1913, excessively heavy rains occurred in Wrighta-
ville and it is reported on good authority that drainage from the hillside flowed
direct throtigh an outside cellar door into the cellar in which the spring is located
If this was the case the surface drainage undoubtedly reached the spring enclosure
in the street.
On October 2l8t, at 11 a. m. a color test was made with uranine on the Wm.
Kerr dug well located at the corner of Third and Walnut Streets and directly op-
posite the Mathew Kerr cesspool at a point one block west of Big Spring.' One
hour later positive resuKs w^ere obtained at the Big Spring. This shows con-
clusively that the waters of Big Spring cannot be made safe by enclosing the spring
with concrete walls and covered and piping the supply in an iron line with tight
joints to the spring enclosures in the street.
The Board of Health, however, during the week of October 20, 1913, in an
endeavor adequately to protect the Big Spring, completely enclosed the spring
with concrete walls and covered it with a concrete roof, laid the four inch i
leading therefrom in concrete and connected the old two and a half inch line to the
storm water drain. Furthermore, they laid a concrete pavement on the ground
surface in the yard in the rear of the spring and constructed a concrete gutter in
order to prevent, in so far as possible, any chance of surface drainage from the
hillside above reaching the spring.
On October 25th, 1913, a color test was made on both the Kocher and the Ken-
cesspools. The color was placed in the cesspools at 10 a. m. and a close watch was
kept by a representative of the Department on the water at the Big Spring until
four p. m. of the same day. No change was noticed up to this time. It is n»-
ported however, in the borough that at about five o'clock there was a noticeable
discoloration of the waters in Crumbling well at the corner of Fourth and Walnut
Streets, in the Wilson well at the corner of Fourth and Locust Streets and in the
Wm. Kerr well at the corner of Third and Walnut Streets.
Water from the Big Spring in the cellar of the property is piped direct by means
of a one inch line to three properties us follows: G. W. Moore, Geo. Kerr and
D. S. Detweiler, tenanted by Mrs. Sprenkle. It appears that the spring was
deeded a great many years ago to these persons by the original owner and that the
borough only controls the overflow from the spring. From the small wooden box
located in the street, the water is piped by one inch lines to the property of I^evi
Samis and George lieithiser. At the present time there is a case of typhoid fever
in the Sprenkle family and two cases in the Snyder family which obtained water
at all times from a tiydrant in the yard of Levi Samis.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HKALTH. 1405
In the following list is shown the various water supplies used by the patients
having typhoid fever.
Supplies .
Big Spring only, 7
Public water only, 1
Big Spring and public, 5
Big Spring and miscellaneous 4
Big Spring, dug well and public, 5
Big Spring and dug weU, 9
Total 31
During the investigation, samples of water were collected by the representa-
tive of the Department of Health from the various sources of supply of the patients
in the district. These upon analysis at the Department laboratories showed the
following results:
Samples Collected September 25th.
Bacteria B. Coll
per c. c. per c. c.
No. 1. Wilson pump, 450 16
No. 2. Crumbling well 140 8
No . 3. School house pump, 100 2
No. 4. Waltman, 70 42
No. 5. Big Spring, 60 2
No. 6. Tap from public reservoir, 130 3
Samples Collected October 9th.
No. 1. Quarrj' spring, 26 0
No. 2. Fry pump, 6 0
No. 3. Hotel pump, 35 1
No . 4. Hoppenstall spring 60 0
No. 5. Hannah Kerr tank, 900 0
No. 6. Whiltzhofer pump, 350 0
. Samples Collected October 16th.
No. 1. Reservoir Wrightsville Water Supply Company, ..100 1
No. 2. Spring to west of reservoir, 120 2
No. 3. Spring to east of reservoir, 9 0
No. 4. Big Spring, 40 3
No. 5. Kerr well, 10 0
No. 6. Broken and lost,
No. 7. Arthur Hilt tap from reservoir, 160 0
No. 8. Sprenkle tap from Big Spring, 10 1
No. 9. Crumbling spring, 80 1
No. 10. School House well, 400 1
No. 11. Strickler well, Hellam Street, 450 0
No. 12. Young's dug well, Hellam Streets, 3,000 6
Samples Collected October 17th .
No. 1. Big Spring 28 2
No. 2. Big Spring. 10 0
Samples Collected October 21st.
No. 1 . Cistern , Jessop farm 400 1
No. 2. Dug well, Poff farm, 300 0
No. 3. Well on Hellam Street, between Fifth and Sixth, 15 0
No. 4. School house well, 700 0
No. 5. Waltman well, 224 Locust Street 30 2
Samples Collected October 25th.
No. 1. Big Spring, 10 a. m., 10,000 5
No. 2. Big Spring, 11 a. m., 2,400 2
No. 3. Big Spring, 12 m., 1,000 0
No. 4. Big Spring, 1p.m., 7.200 0
No. 5. Big Spring, 2 p.m., 1,500 1
No. 6. Big Spring, 3 p.m., 700 1
Discussion .
The local Board of Health of Wrightsville in yonrs past has been only nominal.
It did not placard or take any precautions against the spread of typhoid fever. Oii
Digitized by
Google
U08 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPOBT OF THE Off. Doc.
my arrival in the borough on October 16th 1913, there were twenty-one cases of fever
and none of the properties were placarded, neither had pamphlets containing roles
and instructions been left at these properties. However, placards were immediately
provided and posted by the local Board of Health on all properties where typhoid
fever existed. Complete typhoid fever returns have not been made by the local Board
of Health to the State authorities. About October 12th the following notice was
placarded throughout the borough in conspicuous places and on all dug wells showing
upon analysis the presence of sewage organisms:
NOTICE
All person are requested to
BOIL ALL WATER
used for domestic purposes
by order of BOARD OF HEALTH.
The supply of water furnished by the WrightsvUle Water Supply Company during
the past few years has been inadequate in quantity and undoubtedly contaminated
at times with sewage organisms. The conditions and stipulations set forth in a
permit issued to this water company on September 10th, 1909 have not been com-
plied with and the water company obtained without a permit from the Commis-
sioner of Health an additional source of supply during the years 1911 and 1912
Surface water entered the system during droughts and no adequate provision is made
so that such surface drainage can be entirely eliminated even if so desired at any
time. No typhoid fever has occurred on the watershed and although the use of
public water may have been in a measure responsible for the spread of the disease,
it is not probable.
No direct evidence can be adduced showing that either of the two mUk supplies
involved has been the source of infection. The cases were divided between the two
dealers in about the same proportion as the total number of consumers.
While it is true that a case of typhoid fever occurred on a dairy farm from which
milk is supplied to EHine and Haugh and also on a farm, from which milk is
furnished to J. B. Drenning neither of the patients had anything whatever to do
with the milking at any time and from what can be learned it appears that precau-
tions were taken to prevent the spread of the disease. During the illness of Vera Poft,
the dairy was in charge of a neighbor, the house was placarded, and stools and
clothes disinfected. She attended school in York returning home over Sunday
During the illness of Blair Jessop the house was placarded, di^nfectants were
used and the dairy was in charge of a tenant living apart from the house where
the patient lived.
The significant feature with respect to the outbreak is the supply of water from
the Big Spring and from individual wells. All of the cases except one used Big
Spring water either wholly or in part and thirteen cases used water either wholly
or in part from individual dug wells. Wrightsville is over a hundred years old and
the soil of a limestone formation, extending in some instances to within a few feet
of the ground surface. There are no sewers in the town and the disposal of ex-
crement, until comparatively recently, was by means of shallow privy vaults.
Within the past> ten years cesspools have been constructed, the contents passing
readily into the limestone cracks and crevasses. Dug w^ls, which until 1890,
formed the only source of water supply with the exception of a few springs have
been abandoned at intervals due to the contamination of water therein and con-
verted into cesspools. These are a constant menace to the purity of the remaining
dug wells and springs.
On the hillside above the Big Spring there are at least fifteen cesspools, while
privy vaults are to be found on nearly every property. Dug wells are located in
dose proximity to thes structures and are a constant menace to tiie health of th«>
inhabitants drinking therefrom. Wrightsville has indeed been fortunate in years
past that it has escaped a typhoid fever epidemic for conditions in so far as th«'
ground formation and the location of dug wells, privies, and cesspools are con-
cerned, are most favorable for a catastrophe of this nature.
The Scott typhoid fever case occurred on the watershed above the Big Spring and
about 300 feet distant in November 1912 and the patient was ill until April 1913.
It is reported that during that time the wastes were disposed of into a snrfsce
privy vault that was filled to overflowing. In July of the present year this excre-
ment was spread over a newly made garden and it is a known fact that during the
heavy rains of August, surface drainage from this vicinity was washed into the
cellar where the Big Spring is located. Unless the wastes were thoroughly disin-
fected, and this is improbable, it is likely that the contamination of the waters of
Big Spring was due in part at least to this cause.
Nine of the thirty-one patients were school children, who drank water at time*
from the dug well located on the school property. This well is less than a hundred
feet distant from and is at a slightly lower elevation than the two privy viultii
maintained at the school. Prior to the opening of school the water from the well
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH. 1407
was analyzed and did not show the presence of sewage organisms. Samples taken
shortly after the outbreak of typhoid fever showed the water therein to be polluted.
The well was immediately placarded. This source of supply is undoubtedly danger-
ous although probably not more so than the remaining dug wells within the borough
limits. On October 18th, the school house was thoroughly disinfected by the local
Health Officer at the suggestion of a representative of this Department and the ad-
jacent privy vaults treated with lime. A sample from the well collected on Nov-
ember 12th, showed 140 bacteria to the cubic centimeter and no B. Ck>li.
The Big Spring was closed under a verbal order of the Department of Health
on October 18th, 1913. Even prior to this date notices had been posted at con-
spicuous places about the borough caUing attention to the necessity of boiling
all water used for domestic purposes and the epidemic had assumed proportions
which thoroughly alarmed the citizens. This in addition to the closing of the
spring may be taken as explainiiuT the cessation of the cases after the lapse of
the incubation period. No cases^have developed prior to November 18th and
subsequent to October 28th, 1913, ten days after the closing of the spring. From
an analsrsis of the facts gathered respecting the typhoid fever cases, it appears
that the outbreak can be definitely attributed to the use of the polluted water
from the Big Spring and numerous shallow wells. The lesson to be pointed out
to the community is the discontinuance of the use of the shallow wells in lime
stone formation and in the vicinity of privies and cesspools and the permanent
abandonment of the Big Spring for all domestic and culinary purposes unless
the water be purified.
Due to the never failing volume, clearness, coldness and extensive use of the
waters of Big Spring the borough council is loath to abandon it entirely and
it is at the present time taking up the question of filtering the water therefrom
with a view to installing a plant for this purpose unless the cost proves ex-
cessive.
On November 18th, 1913, the Department was informed that the Big Spring
had been opened to the public and the' following communication was addressed
to the local Board of Health:
"November 18th, 1913.
"Paul Fit7j[ee, Secy.,
Board of Health,
Wrightsville, Penna.
"Dear Sir:—
"It is reported by the local health officer. Dr. J. L. Jameson, that the Big
Spring has been opened and the water therefrom made accessible to the public.
Tne recent typhoid fever outbreak in your borough was attributed, in part at
least, to typhoid infection of this spring and the spring was closed under my
orders. In the use of this water without adequate filtration there is great danger
of a repetition of the recent outbreak. Your board is requested to immediately
take the necessary action to protect the public in this respect.
"Kindly let us know promptly what is being done in this matter.
"Very truly yours,
(Signed,) "SAMUEL G. DIXON.**
It developed that the covering had been removed by the Burgess, his explana-
tion being that the people in the vicinity were put to a hardship in having to
carry water from slighUy more distant sources. Moreover, it is reported that
Suite a number of the townspeople refused to heed the warning notice of the
anger of using the water but instead regarded the typhoid epidemic as a thing
of the past and showed an inclination to go on using the spring in the old way.
The Department has advised the health authorities of the borough that this is
a case where they must exercise their authority and enforce the necessary measures
for the protection of public health.
The State Department of Health has done everything in its power to make the
danger of this situation clear to the people of Wrightsville because it is believed
to be a fundamental principle that the most rigorous enforcement of stringent
laws cannot be relied upon to control the everyday . personal habits of people
until they have come to understand and thoroughly to appreciate the basic reasons
for the regulations with which they are asked to comply.
That co-operation on the part of a few of the townspeople has been lacking is
deeply regretted by the Department, but far more serious than this is the ap-
parent utter failure of these persons to appreciate the imminent danger that
typhoid germs may at any time again and without warning, be present in the
Big Spring and surel^ cause the disease in some of those who use the raw water.
On November 20th, the Wrightsville Water Supply Company, in compliance
with the orders of the Commissioner of Health, installed on the gravity line
leading from Spring No. 1 to the reservoir, a temporary hypochlorite of lime
treatment plant to be used until the proposed filter plant is constructed. The
apparatus consists of a mixing barrel and standard orifice box equipped with
float and regulating valves. The barrel is filled each twelve hours, one pound
of lime being used every tweiUy-four hours under normal conditions.
89
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1408 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
VI. REFERENCES TO SPECIAL COUNSEL.
COMMONWEALTH VERSUS BOROUGH OF MARS.
This suit was instituted because of illegal sewerage installed
by the borough of Mars, contrary to decrees of this Department, is-
sued by the unanimous agreement of the Governor, Attorney General,
and Commissioner of Health. The opinion and decree of the Court
are very favorable to the State Department of Health and the case was
the most important of any in which this Department was interested
during the year, and, in connection with the several important Court
decisions of earlier years, firmly establishes the interpretation which
this Department has put on the Act of April 22, 1905, and the cam-
paign which it has conducted thereunder for the protection of the
State waters from i>ollution.
This opinion disposes conclusively of the contention made by the
Borough of Mars, and so often made by other municipalities, as a
plea to be relieved of installing sewage treatment works, that the
borough is financially unable to undertake the work because of the
limit of indebtedness imposed on municipalities by the State Consti-
tution. The opinion concludes that this constitutional limitation of
indebtedness does not exempt a municipality from liability for wrong-
ful acts, even though this liability may lead to an increase of in-
debtednes beyond the constitutional limit, but that it does prohibit
voluntary creation of a debt in excess of that limit, and further, that
"it may be that the municipality would not be exempt from liability
growing out of the mandatory requirements of the State's exercise of
its police power in order to preserve the public health and welfare."
The suit of the Commonwealth was instituted by the Department
of the Attorney General. Hon. J. E. B. Cunningham, Deputy Attor-
ney General, with T. C. Campbell, Esq., of Butler, as local counsel,
conducted the case before President Judge, James M. Galbreath, in
the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County sitting in equity. Wed-
nesday, September 24th, 191J^, was set for the trial, which was con-
ducted in Butler and continued through the week. For the Department
Dr. J. M. Campbell explained his bacteriological analyses conducted
at the Department's laboratories of samples collected from the stream
flow and sewage at Mars and the significance of the results. Assist-
ant Engineer, C. H. Cummings, explained the transportation of sev-
age and pathogenic organisms down stream, the great distances to
which they might be carried to the menace of public health, and the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1409
engineering investigations which have been made in the study of these
problems. Inspectors, R. M. Bonder, D. J. Marshall, W. W. Reno, D.
M. Irwin and Wm. Davis explained their tests of the sewer connec-
tions and their collecting of samples for analysis.
The discussion and conclusions of Judge Qalbreath in his opinion
are quoted as follows:
••DISCUSSION."
"By virtue of a decree of the Common Pleas Court of Butler County, bearing
date March 23, 1885, the village of Mars in said County became an incorporated
borough under the name, style and title of the Borough of Mars. Being without
a system of sanitary sewers the municipal authorities of said borough, on July
24, 1908, made application to the State Department of Health of Pennsylvania,
under Act of April 22, 1905, P. L. 260, entitled *An Act to Preserve the Purity
of the Waters of the State, for the Protection of the Public Health,* for leave
to construct a system of sanitary sewers in the borough and to discharge the
sewage into Breakneck Creek, which flows through said Borough and setting
forth that a bond issue of $10,000.00 had been voted for that purpose. On April
15. 1909, a decree was issued by authority of the Governor, Attorney General and
Commissioner of Health of the Commonwealth approving the proposed system
'as soon as the borough shall have prepared the plans for a sewage disposal plant
and a connecting sewer and that this approval shall not bo given until the plans
for the sewage disposal works and the sewers are satisfactory in ever>' particular
to the State Department of Health, and until the borough can and shall, either
directly or indirectly, bring about the construction of a sewage disposal works
and the treatment of the sewaee of the town' and that 'discharge of raw sewage
into Breakneck Creek or its tributaries cannot be approved.'
'*On March 25, 1910, the borough authorities submitted to the Department of
Health plans for the construction of a sewage disposal works in connection with
the proposed sewer system, which were approved May 31, 1910. on condition.
inter alia, that *no sewage whatsoever shall be dischartred from said sewer system
into the waters of the State. The sewage shall be delivered to a sewage puri-
fioation plant and therein be subjected to treatment and be purified and rendered
satisfactory to the State Dep^rtm^nt of Health.* and that *the discharee of raw
sewage into Breakneck Creek or its tributaries, cannot be approved' which
decree was accepted by the authorities of the borough and recorded in the office
of the Recorder of Deeds in and for Butler County on July 20, 1910.
"On September 29, 1910, the Borough authorities submitted to the State de-
partment of Health plans for a sewage disposal works in conformity with the
terms of the permit of May 31, 1910, which plans were approved November 18,
1910, subject, inter alia, to the condition that the permit of May 31, 1910, be
and remain in full force and that *the discharge of spwage from the sewer system
into the waters of the State from the sewer system or sewage disposal works from
tlie borough is prohibited.' ^
"This permit was also accepted by thp borough authorities and recorded in
the Recorder's office aforesaid April 16, 1912.
"No apppal was taken from any of said decrees to the Common Pleas Court
of Butler County under the provisions of said act of April 22, 1905, Section II.
"The said A<*t provides in the Fourth Section thereof that 'No person, cor-
poration or municipality shall place or permit to be placed, discharge or permit
to flow into any of the waters of the State, any sewage except as hereinafter
provided.' That is, pursuant to a permit and on the conditions impo5ied by the
Governor, Attorney General and Commis.sioner of Health of the State. This
Act was passed, as its title indicates, *to preserve the purity of the waters of
the State, for the protection of the public health.' The term 'waters of the
State' under the provisions of the Act includes 'all streams and springs and all
bodies of surface and of ground water, whether natural or artificial within the
, boundiri'»8 of the State.' As was said by the Supreme Court in Commonwealth
vs. Kennedy, 240 Pa. 240;
This does not make all such streams public streams, but it does sub-
ject them to public control, because while not public streams, they
are susceptible of being turned into public nuisances.'
"In the case in hand the supervisory power of the State was exercised throusrh
tbe permits granted and conditions imposed on the defendant municipality in the
fieveral orders and decrees issued by the pro|)er officers of the State. These
having been duly recorded and unappealed from became operative from the date
of record.
"It is to lv» observed that in none of the decrees so issued, is permission given
to the defendant borough to discharge raw sewage into Breakneck Creek. On
the contrary such permission is expressly withheld. That the defendant mu-
89—14-1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1410 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc
Dicipality has been discharisizig sewage through its sewer systesci and the drtin
connected therewith, into Breakneck Creek, a part of the waters of the State,
is beyond controversy. In doing so, however, it contends that it is not thereby
creating a public nuisance and that in any event the present state of its in-
debtedness is such that it cannot be increns<?d in sufficient amonnt to eonstract
a sewage disposal plant without exceeding the constitutional limit.
"The fifst of these contentions cannot be sustained. Whether the facts in eri-
dence are sufficient to establish the e:cistence of a common law nuisance is aot
the question to be determined. The unnuthorizod discharge of sewage into the
waters of the State has been prohibited by the State in the exercise of its police
power, from which it results that any violation of the statutory prohibition b a
public nuisance. In the case of the Commonwealth vs. Kennedy, 9upra, tbf
Supreme Court says that *Becau8e the public health is endangered by draiojurp erf
sewage into any flowing stropm. the LegiKlrtnre has denounced it as an offense
on the part of anyone permitting it. In no more positive way could it be dedtred
a public nuisance.'
"And even aside from the statute we think the fncts in evidence are suiPcient
to establish a public nuisance at common law. ^'he tests made of the sevaire
being discharged into the creek rnd of thu wnters of the streams at various pointi
below the r^oint of discharge, reveal the presence of bacteria in very large num-
bers, ranging as high as 3,200.000 of all kinds, with 900.000 of the colon b^nlli
per cubic centimeter. In the li«?ht of oresent day knowledge, it requires no flight
of imagination to believe that the sending forth of such a stream laden with sll
its dangerous possibilities through inhabited communities and in turn to beoim^
a tribuary to large streams, flowing by and through still other communities, in
the very nature of the case, creat'^s a public nuisnnce. The argument that the
natural flow of the water will, within a few miles nurge itself of its deleterion*
character does not rest upon that accurate test which would, under all circum-
stances, make it a anfe workins: hypothesis. The volume of. water carried bv
the stream, the rapidity of its flow and many other circum stances, it may weB
be believed, would tend to mod if j' or defeat the theory so advanced.
"It clearly appearing .thst the defendant borough in disch«»rrine the sewage
from its sewere system into Breakneck Creek is doing that which has been pro>
hibited by law and is a public nuisnnce, it follows that a Court of Equitr may
put forth its hand to prevent threatened in.iur>'. Hill vs. Commismoners, 1 Par-
sons Select Equity Cases 501: Commonwealth vs. Rnsh, 14 Pa. 186.
"This conclusion renders it unnecessary to consider or decide the question
whether a municipality can justify the continued mRintonance of a public Bntsan*^
of the kind herein complained about on the Rronnd of its inability to abate it by
the construction of a sewage disposal plnnt without transgressing the ctmstiM-
tional limit of indobtedness. The limit of indobtedn'^sa imposed by th« Con^titi*-
tion on municipalities does not exempt them from llabilitv for wrongful and ti*-
• tuous acts, which may result in an increase of municipal indebtedness beyond
tho limit so fixed, but it does prohibit and pr«»vent voluntary assumntion or el-
ation of any debt in excess of that limit. It would seem that the volnntarr
eharncter of tho municipal act. whereby the debt is increased beyond the mnrti-
tnti^nal limit is the thing which offends agninst the constitutional prohibitinB
Keller r«. Scran ton. 200 Pa. 130. In view of the provision of Section ■** •'
Artiele XVI of the Constitution that "The exerdse of the polire power of tV*
State shall never be abridged.' it may be that the municipality wonid b«^ ^
ex*»mnt from liability growing out of the marditorv req»»irement» of the Stif^**
exercise of its police power in order to preserve th^ public health and weJfnr^
Put the disposition of the case before the Court does not require the detemiiiuiti c
of that question. It is clear thnt the boroufrh of Mars is maintaining a pnWi-
nuisnnce. The right of the public to be protected against the results of :t.«
oontinuance is equallv clear. From these two facts results the Court's dutr •■
restrain the wrongful act and thus prevent its threatened oonsequences. A»^
evon if it were true that said borough cannot lawfully expend the money D*r^
aary to remove the offendinr cnus** by th** construction of a sewaare disposal pU^t
the resrlt will be thnt it will fnll bnck into the more primitive' methods of nrrac
for it«» sowngp which •prevailed before pny sew^r system was constructed. nn>«
it shnll be able to mnke some temnornrv arrnnsreroent satisfactory to the bea'^V
authorities of the St^t^ for the ptirificntion of its sewni?e. until such time -^s *'■
finnncinl condition will enable it to oopsfnT^t n sntisfaetorv disposal plant. T
ffo Knck to former conditions wo^ild doubtl".ss entail much inconvenience npno tk
resident* of the borou^'h whove toilet rooms ere connected with the public s^w^
Put individual nnnovnnce and inconvenienoo wh^n balanced acainst the K«-'*^
nnd welfnre of tho larrror commnnih- rppresonted by the Commonwealth, a*"**
srivo wny in order to the greater "f^^d. Tn ordor. however, that nnnetr^v**
hnrd«hip m*^v bf» s voided, a rensonable period of time should be given in *»rV-
to the adjustments which will necessarily follow the restmining order of t^
court
"Th" contention on the pnrt of the defendnnt'a counsnl that the Cunri in t*^«*
procoiMling may modify the decrco of the Department of Health or net It ^«^
as though the matter were now beinjp henrd on appeal as provided by^ the Af» -
Assembly cannot, we think, be sustained. We are not cmivlnosd that the
Digitized by
Google
No. 14.
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
UU
should now and in this proceeding, instituted by the Commonwealth, modify
or set aside the decrees or any of them issued by the proper authorities of the
State as though appeals therefrom had been taken by the borough defendant.
Nor, indeed, if the authority to do so were dear would it seem that any ground
exists for such action in view of the reasonable character of the requirements
and conditions imposed.
"CONCLUSIONS OF LAW."
"First. Any municipalitj- placing or permitting to be placed, or discharging or
permitting to flow into any of the waters of this State any substance containing
any of the waste product or excrementitious or other discharges from the bodies of
human beings without a permit authorizing it to do so, duly granted by the Com-
missioner of Health pursuant to the unanimous opinion of the Governor, the At-
torney General and the Commissioner of Henlth, is maint;unin.? a nuisance per 9e
by reason of the provisions of the Act of .\pnl 22nd, 1905 P. L. 260, and is
committing an act contrary to law and prejudicinl to the interests of the com-
munity, the oontinuoncp of which may b'* enjoined by n Court of Equity.
"Second. Under the facts proven in this case, the Borough of Mars, by plac-
ing or permitting to be placed and by disohnreing or pormitting to flow into
Breakneck Creek substances contninincr the wflsfe products and excrcmentitious
or other discharges from the bodies of human beings is making said Breakneck
Creek a public nuisance and should be restrain'^d from continuing said nuisance.
"Third. The defendant. Borough of Mfirs, having obtnined permission to build
the sanitary s^wer .system in question through the rcpre^sentation upon its part
thnt a Rpwpgo di.«*poanl plant would bf» b"ilt for th« U'lrification of the sewage,
should be enjoinod from permitting nny sew^ire. rs denned by said Act of April
22. 1905. P. Tj. 2W. to be colleotpd in. or dischnrfT'^d throngh, snid sewer system
until snid disposnl plnnt has been bnilt >»nd ppnroved by the State Department
of Health or until such time as such other nrrnn^emenf for the fiurification of said
sewage shall be made as will be satisfartory to th*» StMte r)epf«rtmpnt of Health,
until ''-'M sewage plnnt can be construrt'^d. In ord^r. however, that no unneces-
sary hardship mny be imposed upon individunls now discharging sewai^e throu^rh
the sewers of the borough into the waters of the State, such restraining order
should not become operative until a reasonnble period has intervened, during
whioh the ner^ssary readjustments may be mnde.
"Fourth. The costs hereof should be paid by the defendant.
"Let a decree therefor be entered nisi by the prothonotary in accordance with
the foregoing conclusions, and unless exceptions be filed sec. reg. to the findings
of fart or conclusions of law hereinbefore set forth, let a final decree be prepared
accordingly.
"By the Court,
"JAMES M. GAT.BREATH.
"President Judge."
The final decree in this case is quoted as follows:
"C(»fMONWRAT,TH OF PENNSYTiVANTA'
EX REL. JOHN C. BELL, ATTORNEY
GENERAL,
VS.
"BOROUGH OF MARS AND J. A. CRIS-
WELL. BURGESS. AND C. W. CRAW-
FORD. O. W. FTSKE, JOHN DUNTJkP.
WARREN ARPHER. J. J. SHERIDAN, A.
C. ZRIGLER, AND C. L. NORTON.
"IN THE COURT OF COM-
>rON PLEAS OF BUTLER
y COUNTY.
SITTING IN FOniTY. NO.
4, MARCH TERM, 1913.
"FINAL DBCREB."
"And now, December 31, 1913, this cause came on to be heard at this term,
and was argued by counsel, and upon consideration thereof it is ordered, adjudged
and decreed as follows, viz.,
"That an injunction issue, enjoining and restraining the Boroneh of Mara,
its present bureress and members of council, their suceessors in office, and its
and their servants, employees and agents, from permitting any sewage, i. «.,
anv substance that contains nny of the waste products, or excrement! ♦ions or
other discharges from the bodies of human beings or animals, to be collected in
or diseharged through the sewer svst'^m now constrncted in said Borou«»h of Mars
into Breakneck Creek, or any of the waters of the State, until said Borough
of Mars shall have built a sewage disposal plant which shall have received the
approval of the Governor, the Attorney General and the Commissioner of Health
Digitized by
Google
1412 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
of the Commonwealth of Pennsjlvania, after which sewage may be collected in
said sewer system, and the purified effluent discharged into said Breakneck
Greek. *The ' injunction hereby awarded, however, shall not become operative
for a period of eighteen months from the date hereof, to-wit, until the nrst day
of June, A. D. 1915, provided that on or before the first day of June, 1914,
the public authorities of said borough of Mars having charge of said sewer sys-
tem, shall have installed a chemical disinfecting plant for the disinfection of the
sewage collected in and discharged through said sewage system, which said dis-
infecting plant shall be installed and operated to the satisfaction of the Commis-
sioner of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and provided further
that no extensions shall be made to said sewer system, nor shall any additional
connections therewith be permitted until the completion of the above mentioned
permanent sewage disposal plant.*
"The defendants are directed to pay the costs.
"By the Court."
OTHER CASES REFERRED TO SPECIAL COUNSEL.
During the year 1913, forty-two cases were referred to Department
Attorneys in nine Counties of the State, by officers of the Depart-
ment, at the direction of the Commissioner, where they were enable
to secure abatements after repeated interviews with the owners or
occupants of the properties.
In addition to writing a letter in each case, calling the attention of
the owner or occupant to the complaint of the Department and to
the law governing the case, and suggesting the advisability of com-
plying with the request of the Department, that he might save him-
self the trouble and expense of a Magistrate's hearing, Counsel for
the Department in most instances made a personal inspection and had
an interview. When the owner persisted in his refusal to abate, after
a letter and interview, prosecutions were promptly begun in all cases
where the evidence of pollution was sufficient to justify such proce-
dure.
The object of all Departmental proceedings has been to secure per-
manent abatements. For this reason, the owner or occupant is given
the opportunity of disposing of his case at any stage of the proceed-
ings by making a permanent abatement and paying the costs.
Twenty-one of the cases were closed during the year, twenty-one
cases remaining open on January 1st, 1914.
Forty-one cases which had been referred before Jainiarv 1st, 1913,
were closed during the year.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONRU OF HEALTH.
A table of cases by couuties follows:
U13
Connty.
Attorney.
s
1
1
B
■p
^
§
1
sS
1
1
'1
i
SS
§9
1
p
1X4
4
3-
Aduns
Berks
Bradford
Cambria,
Carbon
Cheater
Lancaster
Lycoming
Mifflin
Montgomery, ...
Nortbnmherland.
Sctauylkill
Union
Venango
York
Totel,
ntobert B. Wible
WiUiums ft Sinkler
Benjamin Kuykendall, Jr.,
D. P. Welmer,
Frederick Bertolette
Williams & Slnkler
Coyle A Keller
Allen ft Reading
Rtifus Elder
Williams ft Sinkler
Charles M. Clement
John F. Wbalen
F. E. Bower,
John L. Nesbit
George H. Kain,
0
10 I
li
6 !
1
1
0
0
0
10
1
0
1
10
0
12
42
21
0
8
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
S
12
0
0
0
0
Special attention is called to these cases: William R. Moser,
Borough of North Wales, The Coatesville Hospital, Chester County
Poor House, and Charles R. Kennedy.
CASES REFERRED IN 1913.
ADAMS COUNTY.
Mrs. H. M. Keller, Franklin Township. Pollution of Mnrsh Creek above the
Gettysburg intake. Referred June 12th. Reported closed June 17, without litiga-
tion.
George W. Sharrah, Franklin Township. Pollution of Marsh Creek above
the Gettysburg intake. Referred June 12th. Reported closed June 17th without
litigation .
BBRKS COUNTY.
Mrs. Cyraine Snyder, Upper Tulpohocken Township. Pollution of North
Kill Creek. Referred January Slst. Hearing before Alderman Weber at Reading
February 13th . Defendant bound over to June Term of Court of Quarter Ses-
sions. Reported closed May 23rd, upon payment by the defendant of accrued
costs to date, abatement having been made.
Reading City Reduction Comnany, Cumru Township. Pollution of Angelica
Creek above intake of the Angelica Wnter Company. Referred March 12th. Re-
ported closed November 4th. without litigation.
Roth Brothers, Cumru Township. PoUntion of Anerelica Creek above the in-
take of the Angelica Water Company. Referred March 14th. Reported closed
July 24th, without litigation.
George Rhode. Kutxtown Borough. Pollution of Saucon Creek, used as an
emergency supply to Kutztown Borough. Referred June 9th. Reported closed
December 19th, without litigation.
Frank Wagner, Center Township. Pollution of Schuylkill River. Referred
July 8th. Reported closed November 1st. without litigation.
Aaron Knoll. Tulpehocken Township. Pollution of Swatara Creek. Referred
October 1st. Hearing before Alderman Weber at Rending October 9th. De-
fendant bound over to December Term of Court of Quarter Sessions. Case con-
tinued to next term of court, pending at close of year.
The Allentown Portland Cement Company, Maiden Creek Township. Pollu-
tion of Maiden Creek above Reading intake. Referred October 21st. Pending at
the close of the year.
John Baer. Cnmru Township. Pollution of Wyomissing Creek. Referred Oc-
tober 2l8t. Pending at the end of the year.
Digitized by
Google
1414 EIGHTH ANNUAT. REPORT OF THE Off. Doc
BRADFORD CX)UNTT.
Ernest Bohlayer, Troy Township. Pollution of stream used as a supply to
Troy Borough. Referred December 5th. Hearing before Justice Meredith De-
cember 18th. Defendnnt pleaded guilty, paid the costs, and gave bond to abate.
Abatement not reported at close of the year.
C. H. Williams, Troy Township. Pollution of Sugar Creek. Referred Oc-
tober nth. Hearing before Justice Meredith at Towanda November Ist. De-
fendant pleaded guilty, paid costs, and case was reported closed during December
by an abatement.
CAMBRIA COUNTY.
G. H. Fyock. Richland Township. Pollution of Little Paint Creek, an emer-
gency supply to Windber Borough. Referred February 20tb. Reported closed
[arch 4th. without litigation.
N. J. Hoffmnn, Richland Township. Pollution of Little Paint Creek, an
emergency supply to Windber Borough. Referred February 20th. Reported
closed February 27th, without litigation.
CHESTER COUNTY.
William R. Mos'^r, North Coventry Township. Pollution of a small tributary
of the Schuylkill River by depositing the cleanings of cesspools from the Borough
of Pottatown on a hillside Hoq-^ to tho str'^'^m. Referred January 27th. Hearing
before Justice Paxpon pt Wf^^f rh^sf^r F^bruarv 8th. Defendant wns bound
over to next term of 0"nrter Se^pions Co'Tt. J^nd a trre bill found. While the
testimony of the Inspectors showed t»int they b;-»d visited the premises on a wet
day in January, and had scon the excr 'ment actnally washed to the stream,
the jury brought in a verdict of T)r»t guilty, but imnos*»d one-half of th« costs,
amounting to over one hnndr^^d doll"»'s. nn th*^ defendant. On May Sth, the
Conrt ordered that the costs of the. Hwintif be eliminated from the verdict.
The Coatsville Hosnitnl. Vallev Tow"sh?n. Pollution of Ru^'ker Run. Re-
ferred March 18th. Renorted clos'^rl J?ilv 16th. by., the construction of adequate
cesspools and the disconnection of tb'^ kitchen wast'^s and wash water pipe, which
had hitherto run to the stream.
John H. Jackson, West Goshen Townshin Pollution of Ch<»ster Cre«»k. Re-
ferred March 27th. H^nring before Sonire PnTSon at West Chester Anril Tth.
Reported closed April 14th. upon payment of costs, as an abatement had already
been made.
.Robert .Johnson. W'^st Goshen Township. Poll'^tion of Chester Creek. Re-
ferred March 27th. Reported closed Mav 1st without liti^ration.
Cnfherine Hall. West Bradford Township Pollnti^^n of a str'^nm nsed as a
supply bv the Borough of Downingtown. Referred May 20th. Pending at the
close of the year.
Herb<»rt C. Smith. West Goshen Towns^in. Pollution of Chest«*r Cr<*ek above
the intnVp for West Chester. Reforred May 20th. Reported closed July lltb
without litigation.
John J. Armstromr. Wost Br'>dford Township. Pollution of a stream used as
an emerj^ency supply to Downin^town Boroncrh. Referred May 20th Pending
at the doRp of the year.
Leon Holmnn. Esat Pikelnnd Township. Pollution of Pickering Cre*k above
the intake of the North Sprinp*''»M Wnter Company. Referred May 20th. Re-
ported closed J"lv 14th without T*^i<r'>Hon.
H'^nrv C. Baldwin, West Gosh'^n Tow^^e^^ip. Pollution of Chester Creek above
the W^'st Chester intake. Referred Mpv 20th. Reported closed July 11th without
liti<ration.
Lonis M. Hickman. E*^st Bradford Townshin. N^'since. Referred Au?ust 1st
H'^prine before Jnstioe H B. H*^ mil ton nt Wnst Ch'^ster August 4th. On Sct>-
t'^mber 1st defpudnnt pleaded e^'iltr- before the Court. Sentence W}»s susn^^nded
p«ndin«" pnvm'^nt of costs, nnd the continuance of the abatement of the nuisance.
Reported closed October 10th.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
Chnrlea Savercool. Granville Township. Nuisance. Referred December 3pd.
Reported closed December 18th, without litigation.
MONTOOMBJRY COUNTY.
Fr'^nVlin Wn^-son. Morelnnd Township. Pollution of Pennyoark Creek above
the intnko of th« Morelnnd Spring Water Company. Referred November 20th.
P'^nding at the close of the year.
Tn the opse of the Borouprh of North Wales, the Department. a"bsenuent to
the refusal on the part of the elpctors to favor an issue of bonds for the con-
struction of a sewage disposal plant, served a number of citizens with orders to
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONEU OF HEALTH. 1415
abate nuisances existing on their premises, consisting in most cases of a dis-
charge of kitchen wastes and wash water. Aftor a careful investigation of the
evidence and the general cooditions oxi«tin«» in the Boroiigh, it was deemed ad-
visable, in view of the fact that the pollution of the stream was largely due
to the discharge from certain sewers constructed by the Borough, that the prose-
cution should be brought against the Borough itself on the charge of maintaining
a common nuisance in the first instance, rather than agnlnst any of the individual
citizens so served. An information was therefore prepared and returned by a
constable, whereon a bill of indictment was submitted to the Grand Jury by the
Court of Quarter Sessions of Montgomery County, and a true bill found March
6th. Counsel for the defendant Borough then began negotiations which termi-
nated in an agreement being entered into stipulating that the Borough should
again submit the matter to the voters, and that, in case the loan for the con-
struction of a disposal plant was authorized, then the case pending against the
Borough should be disposed of on the payment of costs by the defpndant. At the
dose of the year, therefore, this case was still pending, and the borough had
carried out its part of the agreement to the extent of passing the proper ordinance
preparatory to the special election to be held in January, 1914.
Charles H. Speath, Whitpain Township. Pollution of Stony Creek. Referred
March 17th. Reported closed September 23rd, upon payment of costs, an abate-
ment having been made.
Nora McAvoy. Moreland Township. Pollution of Pennypack Creek above the
intake of the Moreland Spring Water Company. Referred February 6th. In-
formation before Squire Lenhart at Norristown. Hearings continued. Case pend-
ing at dose of year.
NORTHUMBBRLAND COUNTY.
The following cases for the pollution of Quaker Run in Mount Carmel Town-
ship, were referred December 4th and were pending nt the close of the year:
George Watkins, Joseph liong. James Thomas. James Thomas (Asrent), Joe
Talmast, George Cowinski, Charles Oatish, Frank Duran, Mrs. Alifred Fry,
Caiman Lipot, Steve Edward, Frank Panta.
VBNANGO COUNTY.
H. L. Dale, Complanter Township. Nuisance. Referred May 13th. Reported
dosed May 31st, without litigation.
CASES REFERRED PREVIOUS TO 1913, CLOSED DURING 1913.
BBJRKS COUNTY.
Edwin Eshbach. Colebrookdale Township. Pollution of Schuylkill River. Re-
Dorted abated June 11th, costs having been previously paid.
A. A. Gery, Ontdaunee -Township. Pollution of M:nden Creek above Reading
intake. Reported closed November Ist, without litigation.
Sylvanus Adams, Perry Township. Pollution of Maiden Creek above Reading
intake. Hearing before Alderman Webor at Rending in December, 1912. Re-
iK>rted dosed May 23rd, upon payment of costs, as an abatement had already been
made.
William Romig, Douglass Township. Pollution of Schuylkill River. Reported
dosed April 23rd. without litigation.
W. F. Livingood, Oley Township. Pollution of Mana tawny Creek. Reported
dosed November 1st, without litigation.
Peter Peiffer, Lower Heidelberg Township. Pollution of Schnvlkill Rivpr. As
costs were not paid, although an abatement wns reported in 1912, this case was
called for trial before the March Term of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Berks
County, and a jury verdict of not guilty wa.s returned.
Henry Crist, Penn Township. Pollution of Srhuylkill River. Hearing before
Alderman Weber at Reading on February 13th. Reported closed May 23, upon
payment of accrued costs to date, an nbatemont having been made.
George Weber, Tulpehocken Township. Pollution of Schuylkill River. Case
dropped June 10th, owing to the death of fho dofendant.
Charles Anspach. Jefferson Townsbin. Pollution of Plum Creek. Hearing
before Alderman Webor at Rending Fobrupry 13th. Defendant bound over to
June Term of Court of Quarter Sps«;ions. Rpnorted closed May 23rd, upon pay-
mf^nt of costs, as an abatement had been effected.
TiCe Kosenberger. Colebrookdale Township. Pollution of Ironstone Creek. Nolle
Prosequi entered March 20th.
BRADFORD COUNTY.
Robert Boyd. Canton Township Pollution of Mill Creek, used as a supply to
Canton Borough. Reported closed September 19th without litigation.
Digitized by
Google
1416
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE
Off. Doc
OAHBBIA OOUNTT.
F. C. Sharbaugh, Carroll Township. Pollution of Chest Creek, used as a
supply to Patton trough. Reported closed August 16thj without litigation.
CABBON COUMTT.
Henry Swartz, Mahoning Township,
closed March 7th, without litigation.
Victor Rehrig, Mahoning Township,
closed February 28th, without litigation.
Norman Long, Mahoning Township,
closed March 7th, without litigation.
Irvin B. Merkel, Mahoning Township,
closed March 7th, without litigation.
John Swartz, Mahoning Township,
closed February 28th, without litigation.
John Kugler, Mahoning Township,
closed February 28th, without litigation.
Fred Mangold, Mahoning Township,
closed March 7th, without litigation.
R. N. Anthony, Franklin Township,
closed February 26th, without litigation.
Thomas Beltz, Mahoning Township,
closed March 4th, without litigation.
Pollution of Jjehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of liehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
Pollution of Lehigh River. Reported
OHBSTBR COUNTY.
In the case of the Commonwealth versus Charles R. Kennedy, et al., William
I. Schaffer, Esq., was associated with Williams and Sinkler in an action in
equity by a bill filed by the Attorney General praying for an injunction to re-
strain the defendants, the owners and operators of a sewage disposal plant,
from maintaining a nuisance arising from the discharge of sewage from the said
plant into two small streams forming the head waters of Darby Creek. This
sewage plant, located in Easttown Township, Chester County, was intended to
dispose of the sewage from thirty or more private residences and a summer hotel
known as the Devon Inn. The plant, taken as a whole, was of a style known
as an irrigation plant, and was therefore operated without filter beds or appli-
ances for chemical or other sterilization. It depended solely on the evaporation
and the absorptive capacity of the soil increased by irrigation trenches. The evi-
dence of the Commonwealth showed that on occasions of heavy rainfall the whole
area was inundated and raw sewage overflowed and was directly discharged into
the streams, which discharge was prejudicial to the henlth of those citizens of
the Commonwealth who might use the water from snid streams for domestic pur-
poses, and indirectly, to a much larger number of citizens supplied with milk
from dairy farms located along said streams. The learned Court below, after
hearing the testimony of the Commonwealth and of William T. Hunter, of the
Devon Drainage Association, the only defendant who resisted this proceeding,
held that in its opinion the lower portion of the plant was ill adapted for sewage
disposal and its use resulted in the escape of sewage into the streams. In view
of the fact, however, that the waters of Darby Creek had not been taken under
the exercise of eminent domain so as to give the public the right to receive pure
or any other kind of water therefrom, the Court held that the State had no
standing to proceed in equity on the ground that the pollution complained of was
a public nuisance. The bill was accordinglv dismissed at the cost of the Com-
monwealth .
On appeal to the Supreme Court, however, Mr. Justice Stewart, in his opinion
held that the Act of April 22nd, 1905, enlarged the cJass of common nuisances i*>
that it included the discharge of sewage into any of the waters of the Stat<»
whether for other purposes they may be public or private, and that the Court in
equity had jurisdiction to restrain the defendants in this case from operating their
plant in such a way as to cause such a nuisance. The decree of the lower Court,
therefore was reversed, and a final decree entered restraining the defendants from
maintaining and operating their sewage plant in its present location in snch a
manner as to permit sewage to escape from said plant and drain and flow into
Darbv Creek and its tributaries, the coats to be paid by the defendants.
Michael Daley, Kennett Township. Pollution of Red Clay Creek. Reported
closed March 29th. without litigation.
B. F. Pierce, Kennett Township. Pollution of Red Clay Creek. Indictment
ignored bv Grand Jury April 29th.
J. R. Holman, East Pikeland Township. Pollution of dickering Creek above the
intake of the North Springfield Water Company. Reported closed December 29th,
without litigation .
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1417
Charles MaitlaDd, Eaat Fallowfield Township. Pollution of a tributary of West
Brandywine Creek. Reported dosed March 7th, without litigation.
Chester County Home, West Bradford Township. Pollution of West Brandywine
Creek. Reported closed November 20th, without litigation, by the construction of
a modem sewage treatment plant in accordance with plans submitted to and ap-
proved by the State Department of Health.
LAiNOASnSR COUNTY.
O. 0. Kirk, Quarryville Borouch. Pollution of Little Beaver Creek. A jury ver-
dict of guilty was returned in this case in November, 1912. An abatement and the
payment of costs were reported in October, 1913.
LTOOMIMG COUNTY.
John Robinson, Cogan House Township. Pollution of Larrys Creek, used as a
supply to Jersey Shore Borough . A hearing was held before Justice James Martin at
Jersey Shore in 1912. An abatement and payment of costs were reported September
20th, 1913.
SCHUYLKILL COUNTY.
Charles Dillman, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used
as a supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 20th, without litigation.
Fred Hoffman, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as
a supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation.
Fred Wagner, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as a
supply to ABhland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation. .
HariT Speidle. Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as
a supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation.
Walter Nice, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as a
supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation.
Sarah Nice, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as a
supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation.
John Niselv, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as a
supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without litigation.
Joseph Kaler, Frackville Borough. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek, used as a
supply to Ashland Borough. Reported oJosod February 26th, without litigation.
William Robbins, West Mahanoy Township. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek,
used as a supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without
litigation.
George Parkins, West Mahanoy Township. Pollution of Little Mahanoy Creek,
used as a supply to Ashland Borough. Reported closed February 26th, without
litigation.
UNION COUNTY.
8. B. Benner, New Berlin Borough. Pollution of Penns Creek above Selins-
grove intake. Reported closed February 5th.
YORK COUNTY.
CD. Strflsbnugh. Springfield Township. Pollution of Oodorus Creek nbove the
intake of the York Water Company. Reported closed May 26th, without litigation.
Digitized by
Google
1418 EIGHTH ANNUAL EEPOBT OF THE Off. Doc.
Vll. CONCLUSIONS
There are two propositions which encompass the entire scope of
the administration of the law for the preservation of the public health
in so far as the discharge of sewer systems is concerned, and they are;
FIRST: The degree of safety which can be expected to be obtained
in treating sewage for the removal of bacterial infection.
SECOND: The relative importance of sewage disposal plants and
other health protective work, including treatment plants for >vater
works, regarded in the light of the limited resources of the Inunicipal
corporation as defined by the constitutional limits of indebtedness
and of private corporations, as determined by water rates fixed by
franchise or contract with the municipality.
In settling these questions in any particular case, a thorough con-
sideration of all the factors must be had. Each case is a special
problem in itself. In Pennsylvania, owing to the variety of water-
sheds, geological formation and the development of natural resources,
each of which, to a greater or less degree determines the quality and
quantity of the waters flowing from the watershed, it is practically
impossible to adopt and promulgate any general standard for a gui-
dance of local authorities and for experts employed by local authori-
ties, with respect to water works systems and sewer systems and the
quality of the waters which are the sources of supply to the public
Some of the streams in Pennsylvania are given over absolutely as car-
riers of industrial wastes, particularly in the coal fields where drain-
age from mines destroys all life in the waters. The highest court of
the Commonwealth and' the L^slature have each determined the
rights of corporations in these districts. In preserving the purity
of the waters of the State, each municipality or private corporation
in what it does or wishes to do, has its own peculiar relationship to
the problem.
The policy of setting forth at length many of the reasons which
govern determinations of the Commissioner of Health, or of the Gov-
ernor, Attorney General and Commissioner of Health in the case of
sewage disposal, which up to 1911 prevailed in the decrees has been
discontinued. In substitution therefor many conferences have been
held during the year with local authorities and a better understandinfr
of the entire subject has resulted. Engineers and others can obtain
information by reference to reports on file in the office of the Depart-
ment.
Digitized by
Google
DIVISION OF ACCOUNTING AND PURCHASING.
E. I. SIMPSON, Chief of Division.
0419}
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Digitized by VjOOQlC
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. U.
THE DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS.
Eighth Annual Financial Report.
The Commissioner begs leave respectively to report that under the
appropriations of the Legislature for the use of the several divisions
of the Department, the following sums were received and expenditures
made during the year 1913.
APPROPRIATIONS .
ACT NO. 219, SESSION— 1905.
Summary showing balance to December 31, 1907, as given in Second Annual Report
of the Department.
Emergency Fund, to be used as occasion may require in the
suppression of epidemics, the prevention of disease, or in
times of disaster threatening disease, the sura of, 150,000 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1906, |20,191 09
Total elcpenditures as in report of May 31, 1907, 5.549 98
25,741 07
Unexpended balance appropriation January 1, 1913, $24,258 93
Note.*— Thert were no expenditures on account of this fund
from June 1, 1907, to January 1, 1913:
ACT NO. 356, SESSION— 1907.
Summary showing balances to December 31, 1912, as given in the Seventh Annual
Report of the Department.
State Institution for Feeble-Minded of Western Pennsyl-
vania, Polk, Pa., this work was to be done under the
direction of the Commissioner of Health and for this pur-
pose the amount set aside was, $5,000 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1900, $3,563 54
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1910, 1,158 33
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1911, 139 96
4,856 83
Unexpended balance on hand, January 1, 1913, $143 17
ACT NO. 864, SESSION-1911 .
Item No. 1, for the payment of salaries of the General Of-
fice, Medical Division, Laboratories and Experimental
Stations, Division Distribution of Biolo&rical Products,
Bureau of Vital Statistics, Morbidity and Marriage Statis-
tics, Sanitary Engineering Division, Division of Ac-
counting and Purchasing, Division of Supplies, and Di-
vision of Dispensaries, the sum of $336,520 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1911, $96,673 40
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1912, .... 169,194 19
265.867 69
Unexpended balance of appropriation, January 1, 1913, $70,652 41
(ua)
Digitized by
Google
1422 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Item No. 2, for the payment of the cost of diphtheria
antitoxin and other Biological Products for free distri-
hution among the poor for the employment of such special
and assistant engineers, stream and sanitary inspectors,
and such other employees as may be necessary; for the
fees and necessary traveling expenses of the County Medi-
cal Inspectors and Rural Health Officers; for the nec-
essary traveling expenses of the Commissioner of Health,
his assistants and other employees; for the maintenance
of the Bureau of Vital and Morbidity Statistics; for the
maintenance of laboratories and experimental stations;
and for the payment of all other necessary expenses of
the Department in supervising epidemics of diseases and
in protecting the public health , the sum of, 1746,15 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1911. $196,692 21
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1912, 386,620 06
583.312 29
Unexpended balance appropriation, January 1, 1913 $162,839 71
Item No. 3, for the acquiring of property; construc-
ting, equipping, and maintaining sanatoria. Infirmaries,
and dispensaries for the free treatment of indigent persons
affected with tuberculosis; and for the maintenance of
laboratories for sanitary supervision, isolation, and treat-
ment of indigent persons affected with tuberculosis; and
for the preventive education of the public ; for the payment
of salaries and for all other necessary expenses which may
be incurred in this tuberculosis work ; the further sum of, $2,621,808 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1911, $376,061 15
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1912 1,167,206 00
l,M3,287 15
Unexpended balance appropriation, January 1, 1913, $1,081,510 85
The receipts and expenditures on account of these appro-
e nations from January 1, 1^13, to December 31, 1913,
ave been as follows:
EMERGENCY FUND, ACT NO. 219.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the Auditor General, May 24, 1913, IM.25B 93
$a4.ssn
DISBURSEMENTS.
ExpenRcs Health Officers and County Medical Inspectors
on account correspondence, reports, inspecting, quarantin-
ing, nnd disinfecting the following diseases and nuisances:
Blanket Affidavits, $2 00
Cerebrospinal Meningitis, 90 39
Chicken Pox, 1,441 21
Diphtheria, 2,0R9 15
Erysipelas. 174 83
Freight and Drayage, 63 53
Health Officers, 440 38
Measles 14 ,066 05
Mumps, 817 17
Nuisance Inspection, 211 28
Office Expense, 22
Pneumonia 70 17
Scabies, 0 96
Scarlet Fever 1.762 23
School Inspection, 361 11
Smallpox, 344 32
Tetanus, 2 00
Tonsillitis 2 10
Tuberoulosis 275 21
Tvphoid Fever 1.090 56
Whooping Cough , 1,048 15
Total expenditures on account of Emergency Fund, January
1,1913, to December 31, 1913,
Digitized by
«MAff
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1423
SUMMARY.
Appropriation, $50,000 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1906, $20,191 09
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1907, 5,549 98
Total expenditures from January 1, 1913, December 31, 1913, 24.258 93
$50,000 00 $50,000 00
Note.*— The following amounts were received by the Depart-
ment:
June 26, interest on bank balance $1 33
December 1, interest on bank balance, 17 12
^^^^
These were returned to the State Treasurer on the following
dates:
July 30 $133
December 1, 17 12
$18 45
POLK FUND— ACT NO. 355.
And that there were no receipts and expenditures on ac-
count of this fund from January 1, 1913, to December 31,
1913, leaving a balance January 1, 1914, $143 17
SUMMARY.
Appropriation, $5,000 00
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1909, $3,563 54
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1910, 1,153 33
Total expenditures as in report of December 31, 1911, 139 96
4,856 83
Unexpended balance appropriation January 1, 1914, $143 17
GENERAL FUND, ACT NO. 864, ITEM NO. 1.
RECEIPTS.
The Auditor General issued warrants on account general
snlaries, as follows:
January 16, $833 33
January 16, 13,188 26
February 6, 13.188 34
February 28, 833 33
March 14, 833 34
March 24 13,188 40
April 7 13,188 26
April 17, 833 33
May 7 *. 13,188 34
May 16, 833 31
$70,108 24
Total receipts, $70.108 21
DISBURSEMENTS.
Salaries paid by State Treasurer:
General Office, $6,608 32
Division of Accountintr and Purchasing, 8 650 00
Sanitary Engineering Division 18,208 31
Morbidity and Marriage Statistics 2.666 66
Vital Statistics, 6,766 66
Division of Dispensaries, 6.133 33
Medical Division, 7,183 33
Laboratories and Eixperimental Stations, 5 ,525 00
Division of Distribution of Biological Products, 2.26666
Division of Supplies 1,933 33
Commissioner's Salary, 4,166 64
$70,108 24
Totnl disbursements, $70,106 24
90 =— =.
Digitized by
Google
1424 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
SUMMARY.
Appropriation, |336,S20 00
Expenditures from June 1, 1911, to December 31, 1911, $96,673 40
Expenditures from January 1, 1912, to December 31, 1912, .. 169,194 19
Expenditures from January 1, 1913, to June 1, 1913, 70.108 24
Unexpended balance lapsing, 544 17
$336,520 00 $336.aaO(lO
GENERAL FUND, ACT NO. 864, ITEM NO. 2.
RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand January 1, 1913, as in report of December 31,
1912, $7,39125
Received from the Auditor General warrants on account,
as follows:
January 10, 31,080 66
January 31, 31,080 66
March 4, 31,089 66
March 20, 31,089 66
April 17, 31,08982
$162.839 71
$162,839 71
DISBURSEMENTS.
Medical Division.
Expenses Health Officers and County Medical Inspectors on
account correspondence, reports, inspecting, quarantining,
and disinfecting the following diseases and nuisances:
Cancer, $6 00
Cerebrospinal Meningitis, 58 73
Chicken Pox 3,132 89
Diphtheria, 16,969 37
Erysipelas , 231 38
Infantile Paralysis, 43 46
Malarial Fever, 8 47
Measles 15,856 53
Mumpfii, 962 07
Pneumonia, 107 17
Beabies, 87 34
Scarlet Fever, 3,546 48
Smallpox Inspection 4,705 20
Syphilis. 15 10
Tetanus , 2 87
Tonsillitis , , 29 48
Tuberculosis, 524 83
Typhoid Fever, .* 4,637 55
Whooping Cough, 1,608 51
Miscellaneous Expenditures.
Austin relief work, $225-85
Blank affidavits, 7 50
Commissioner's traveling expenses, 94 64
Dairy inspection, 16 69
Disinfectants, 7 , 196 06
Educational matter, 233 61
Establishing local Boards of Health 7 08
Freight andf drayage, 161 81
Instructing and appointing Health officers, 1 ,613 12
Laboratory, 2.431 25
Legal services, 1,417 00
Medical and sanitary school inspection, 38,241 45
Nuisance inspection, 632 44
Traveling expenses of the Secretary to Commissioner, .... 90 76
$52.533 43
mMV
Digitized by
Google
Ko. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1^
Engineering Division .
Engineers' salaries, $2,253 75
Inspectors' salaries 23,776 25
Pure water inspection, 13,604 70
30,634 70
Vital, Morbidity and Marriage Statistics Division.
Morbidity and marriage statistics 1,449 40
Vital statistics, 1.259 91
2,709 31
General Expenses.
Clerical salaries, 17,523 75
Domestic salaries 481 00
Miscellaneous expenses, 148 80
Office expenses, 1,786 65
Postage, 5.652 90
15.593 10
Total expenditures on account of General Fund, January 1,
1913, to December 31, 1913 $162.839 71
SUMMARY.
Appropriation , $746 , 152 00
Expenditures ifrom June I, 1911. to December 31. 1911, as in
report of December 31, 1911 $196,692 21
Expenditures from January 1, 1912, to December 31, 1912. as
in report of December 31, 1912, 386,620 08
Expenditures from January 1, 1913, to December 31. 1913, 162,839 71
$746,152 00 $746,152 00
Note: — ^The following amounts were received by the Department:
January 31, refund Adams Express Co.,
June 4, interest on bank balance,
June 23. refund lost package,
June 23, refund lost box,
June 24. refund witness fees.
June 94, refund lost box
June 26, refund witness fees
June 27. refunded by L. C. Gilette, for 23 tubes vaccine at 15 cents,
August 7, fees for certified birth and death certificates,
August 20, refund witness foes,
September 12, refund U. S. Express Co
September 29, refund witness fees
November 20, unclaimed checks Austin laborers,
December 1, interest on bank balance,
These were returned to the State Treasurer on the following dates:
June 7, $227 77
June 17. 30
June 24, 22 50
June 27, * 26 51
August 7, • 2.671 50
August 21, 22 28
September 19, 2 60
September 30, 4 56
December 1, 6 12
92 984 04
Balance on hand December 31, 1913, '287 99
$.30
227 77
2000
2 50
3 00
250
17 56
3 45
2,671 50
2228
2 50
4 56
287 99
6 12
$3,272 08
$3.272 03
90_14— 1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1426 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
TUBERCULOSIS FUND, ACT NO. 864, ITEM NO. 3.
RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand January 1, 1913, as in report of December 31,
1912, W,237 85
Received from the Auditor General warrants on account as
follows:
January 30 109,367 00
February 28 100.367 00
March 29, 109,367 00
May 8, 109,367 00
May 28, 109,367 00
June 21, 100,367 00
August 8, 100,367 00
December 6, 100,367 00
1072,173 8S
Received from prothonotary on account, Charles W. Denny
contract and now held for directions from court, 8,421 58
Total receipts, |980,SB541
DISBURSEMENTS.
Dispensaries.
Maintenance:
Clerical salaries, $3,24128
Disinfectants , 605 46
Doctors* salaries, 37,211 30
Drugs, 1,67192
Freight and drayage 962 41
Janitors' services, 3,997 82
MUk, 59,980 15
Nurses* salaries, 41,270 25
Operating expenses, 5,333 09
Postage 1,085 56
Rent, 10,320 49
Salad oU, 1,338 89
Traveling expenses, 8,656 17
$175,574 79
Miscellaneous expenditures:
Furnishings, .^. $6^08
Operating supplies 464 63
Traveling Tuberculosis Exhibit, 2,731 99
3,845 70
Total expenditures on account Dispensaries from January 1,
1913, to December 31, 1913, |179,4»#
Mont Alto Sanatorium.
Maintenance:
Clerical salaries, $1,500 00
Clothing, 10 99
Coal 7,053 22
Disinfectants, 602 25
Doctors' salaries, 9,068 78
Drugs, etc., 1,263 76
Food stuffs : 54,347 81
Freight and drayage, etc., 3,318 16
Furnishings and supplies, 1,784 22
Insurance, 2,201 47
Medical supplies, 588 20
Milk and eggs, 36.710 16
Miscellaneous salaries on account maint«»nance, 37.937 63
Nurses* salaries, 13.231 65
Operating expenses 19,279 27
Postage 349 00
Traveling expenses on account maintenance, . . 251 70
nVuck patch 205 39
$180.608 60
Plant expenditures:
Ambulance, $275 00
Automobile, 640 90
Building supplies, etc. , 1,313 25
Oarage, 528 49
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMlSSIONEtt OV HBALttt. 14«
Laundry machinery, 540 63
Miscellaneous salaries on account construction, 2,060 18
New roads, sidewalks, etc. , 3,207 74
Building repairs, 116 65
Poultry houses, 14 86
Shrubs, flowers, etc. , 71 00
Sewage disposal plant, 252 40
Traveling expenses on account construction, .. 50 77
Water system, 10 12
Water tank, 1.024 87
11,143 05
Total expenditures on account. Mont Alto Sanatorium from
January 1, 1013, to December 31, 1013, $200,837 61
Gresson Sanatorium.
Maintenance :
Clerical salaries, $540 00
Clothing, 1,207 50
Coal, 2,772 02
Disinfectants, 182 56
Doctors* salaries, 2,387 24
Drugs, 827 10
Food stuffs, 12,207 12
Insurance, 3,140 00
Medical supplies, 007 72
Milk and eggs, 5,388 18
Miscellaneous salaries on account maintenance, 13,708 00
Miscellaneous supplies, 3,842 37
Nurses* salaries, 2,227 21
Operating expenses, 10,151 77
Postage, etc., 416 30
Poultry farm, 348 86.
Traveling expenses on account maintenance, . . 551 74
Truck patch, 258 46
$61,154 84
Plant expenditures:
Alterations to Jones Cottage, $40 87
Building supplies, 651 63
Electric feeder lines, etc.. 13.066 00
Electric light fixtures, 3.62100
Freight and drayage, etc. , on account construc-
tion 1,845 00
Furnishings and supplies, 21,351 36
Foundation for scale 71 41
Kitchen and bakery equipment, 670 03
Laundry machinery, 10,757 75
Miscellaneous expenses on account construc-
tion, 156 86
Miscellaneous salaries on account construction, 5,424 08
New road, sidewalks, etc., s. 4,038 31
Heating plant, 33.«47 50
On account cottages, pavilions, etc., 10,328 17
On account East Ward, etc., buildings, .... 1,305 04
On account refrigeration plant, 1,161 21
On account sewage disposal plant, 2,. 548 08
Power equipment, 4,347 60
Temporary morgue : 330 08
Traveling expenses on account construction, .. 056 45
Trees, shrubs, etc. , . , 74 17
Water supply, 13,688 57
Water tanks, 2,637 44
142.030 40
Total expenditures on account Cresson Sanatorium from
January 1, 1013, to December 31 , 1913, $204,085 33
Hamburg Sanatorium.
Expenditures on account construction:
Advertising, $75 60
Alterations — barns, buildings, etc., 02.56
Building supplies, 1,115 11
Farm , 2 , 408 54
Digitized by
Google
1428 ElGfiTH ANNUAL UEPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
Freight and drayage, 50 28
Horses and mules, 500 00
Miscellaneous expenses on account construction, 595 86
Miscellaneous salaries on account construction, 1,582 63
Miscellaneous supplies on account construction, 303 33
Dining and administration building, east and
west wards, connecting corridors, etc., .... 282,420 43
Spring house, 108 25
Total expenditures on account Hamburg Sanatorium from
January 1, 1913, to December 31, 1913, 289,340 68
Total expenditures on account Tuberculosis Fund, from
January 1, 1913, to December 31, 1913, |873,eB4 11
Refunded to State Treasurer October 24, to correct error
on voucher A-44272 1 00
♦Balance held in trust on account, Charles W. Denny
contract $8,421 56
Gash on hand January 1, 1914, 98,488 74
Total cash on hand January 1, 1914, $106,910 30
$960,595 41
*Note— Claims against this amount were filed with the Deimrtmeiit by creditors of Charlie
W. T)enn7, and In consequence the amount was paid by this Department to the prothonotary
November 15, 1»12. After legal proceedings the Franklin County Court directed the prothoaotarr
to return the money to us. This was done January 26, 1913. The case Is now before the
Supreme Court and the money Is held in trust by this Department awaiting its dectaton.
SUMMARY.
Appropriation , . . .• $2,024,808 00
Expenditures from June 1, 1911, to December
31,1911, as in report of December 31, 1911. .. $376,081 15
Expenditures from January 1, 1912, to Decem-
ber 31, 1912, as in report of December 31,
1912, I,lff7.206 00
Expenditures from January 1, 1913, to Decem-
ber 31, 1913, 873,685 11
$2,416,952 28
Held in trust on account Charles W. Denny contract, .. 8,421 56
2.408.530 70
Unexpended balance January 1, 1914, $216,277 30
Note:— The following ammmts were received by the Department:
June 23, interest on bank balance, $1,018 45
June 24, refund on thermometers, 3 00
July 23, refund sale of scrap iron, 1 55
December 17, interest on bank balance, 826 07
$1,849 07
These were returned to the State Treasurer on the following dates:
June 24 $1.01845
June 28, 3 (D
August 19 !....! 155
December 18 ' */. * 836 07
$1.849 07
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH. 1429
The Commissioner further begs leave to report that the Legislature
of 1913 appropriated the following sums for the use of the several
divisions of the Department, for the term of two years from June 1,
1913, to May 31, 1915.
APPROPRIATIONS.
ACT NO, 407, SESSION— 1913.
Item No. 1, for the payment of salaries of the General Of-
fice, Medical Division, Laboratories and Experimental
Stations, Division Distribution of Biological Products,
Bureau of Vital Statistics, Morbidity and Marriage
Statistics, Sanitary Engineering Division, Division of Ac-
counting and Purchasing, Division of Supplies and Di-
vision of Disnensaries. the sum of, $401,217 50
Item No. 2,— for the payment of the cost of diphtheria
antitoxin and other products for free distribution for the
poor; for the employment of such special and assistant
engineers, stream and sanitary inspectors, and such other
employees as may be necessary ; for the fees and neces-
sary traveling expenses of the County Medical Inspectors
ana Rural Health Officers ; for the necessary traveling ex-
penses of the Commissioner of Health, his assistants and
other employees; for the maintenance of the Bureau of
Vital and Morbidity Statistics: for the maintenance of
Laboratories and Experimental Stations; and for the
payment of all other necessary expenses of the Department
of Health in supervising epidemics of diseases and in pro-
tecting the public health, the sum of $950,000 00
Item No. 3, — for the construction, equipping and main-
taining sanatoria, infirmaries, and disppusarips for the
free treatment of indigent persons affected with tubercu-
losis; and for the maintenance of laboratories for sanitary
supervision, isolation, and treatment of indigent persons
affected with tuberculosis; and for the preventive educa-
tion of the public : for the payment of salaries and for all
other necessary expenses which may be incurred in this
tuberculosis work the further sum of $2,925,000 00
Item No. 4, — for the medical inspection of the pupils
of the public schools, in accordance with the provisions
of the school code, the sum of, $200,000 00
The receipts and expenditures on account of these appropriations from June 1,
1913, to December 31, 1913, have been as follows:
GENERAL FUND, ACT NO. 407. ITEM NO. 1.
RECEIPTS.
The Auditor General issued warrants on account General
salaries as follows:
August 1. $1,68667
August 1, 15,970 16
August 1 15,83237
August 28, 16,01155
September 5, 833 34
September 26, 833 34
September 26 16,011 82
October 27, 15.987 55
October 27, 833 33
November 22 15,8.51 63
November 26 8a3 33
December 19, 16,001 82
December 19, 833 34
$117,500 25
$117,500 25
DISBURSEMENTS.
Salaries paid by State Treasurer:
General office, ^a":"\ $8,96666
Division of Accounting and Purchasing, 13,731 68
Digitized* by
Google
1430 MIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
Division of Sanitai'y Engineering, 33,600 06
Morbidity and Marriage Statistics, 3.863 34
Bureau of Vital Statistics, 11,710 16
Division of Dispensaries, 10,100 16
Medical Division, 14,268 34
Laboratories and Experimental Stations , 8,146 00
Division of Distribution of Biological Products, 3,710 00
Division of Supplies, 3,562 50
Commissioner's salary, 5,833 35
$117,500 25
$117,500 25
SUMMARY.
Appropriation, $404,217 50
ISxpenditures from June 1 , 1913, to December 31 , 1913, 117.500 25
Unexpended balance appropriation, January 1, 1014, $286,717 25
GENERAL FUND, ACT NO. 407, ITEM NO. 2.
RECEIPTS.
The Auditor General issued warrants on account as follows:
August 1, $39,583 33
August 1, 30.583 33
August 15, 30,583 33
September 13, 39.583 33
October 8, 30.583 33
November 8, 39.583 33
December 6, 30.583 33
$277,083 31
$277.083 31
DISBURSI5MENTS.
Medical Division.
Expenses Health Officers and County Medical Inspectors on
account correspondence, reports, inspecting, quarantining,
and disinfecting the following diseases and nuisances:
Cancer, $8 95
Cerebrospinal Meningitis, 178 22
Chicken Pox, 4.117 71
Cholera, 3 50
Diphtheria , 40,446 35
Dysentery 64 00
Erysipelas 607 05
Infantile Paralysis, 108 00
Malarial Fever, 58 55
Menslea, 49,605 53
Mumps, 3,654 60
Pneumonia 316 (H
Scabies, : 187 51
Scarlet Fever, 9,110 18
Smallpox, 13.489 67
Syphilis , 18 38
Tetanus 370 52
Tonsillitis 19 08
Tiibermlosia 1,687 93
Typhoid FeVer, 14,497 61
Whooping Cough, 6,834 02
$145.384 01
Miscellaneous Expenditures .
Baby saving show $299 46
Blanket affidavits, 15 00
Commissioner's trnvelinjr expenses, 106 17
Coimtv Medical Inspectors, 3,834 56
Disin f ecta n ts , 7 . 812 15
Rdnoationnl matter 153 92
Freiuht and drayage, 1,718 64
Health officers, 1.464 23
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. !«
Laboratory, 4,767 66
Lefml serviceB, 2,082 44
Medical and sanitary school inspection, 376 07
Nuisance inspection, 3,701 17
Traveling expenses of the Commissioner's Secretary 29 07
28.340 44
Engineering Division:
Engineers' salaries, $1,543 75
Inspectors' salaries 31 , 129 17
Pure water inspection, * 37,235 24
09.908 16
Division of Vital Statistics.
Morbidity and marriage statistics, $1 . 416 92
Vital statistics, 1.476 62
2.803 54
General Expenses:
Clerical salaries, $10,132 88
Domestic salaries, 641 00
0«»nenil expenses 147 31
Off\oP! expenses, 1 .974 40
Postage , 8 , 647 80
21.543 39
Totnl eTTiendif-nreR on account of General Fund from .Time 1, 1913, to
December .?1, 1913 $266.0W 57
Cash on hand January 1, 1914, 11,013 74
$277,083 31
SUMMARY. "^
Appropriation $9Rf).nno 00
Expenditures from June 1 , 1913, to December 31 , 1913, 266.069 57
Unexpended balance appropriation .Tannary 1, 1914, $683,930 43
Noie: — ^The following amounts were received by the Department:
September 30, costs collected in suits, $10 40
October 15. costs collpct^d in suits. 7 52
October 15, costs collected in suits, 29 60
December 1 . coats collected in snits, 12 85
December 1 . interest on bnnk bnlnnce, 220 21
Dec*»mber 8. costs collected in snits, 189 69
D*»comber 8. costs co)ler»tAd in suits 5 40
December 13, costs collected in sunita, 17 30
$492 97
These were returned to the State .Treasurer on the following dates:
October 4, $10 40
November 3 37 12
December 1, 220 21
December 18, 12 a5
Decemb«»r 18, 17 30
December 18, 189 69
December 18, 5 40
$492 97
TUBERCULOSIS FUND. ACT NO. 407. ITEM NO. 3.
RECEIPTS.
Rppeiv«»d from the Auditor General warrants on account, as
follows: ■" "^
August 1 '. $109.375 00
August 27, 109.375 00
SentPmber 24, 109 375 00
October 28, 109.375 00
December 6, 109.375 00
$546,875 00
Total receipts $546.875 00
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Maintenance:
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Dispensaries .
Clerical salaries, ^.OSR 53
Disinfectants 466 88
Doctors' salaries, 33,&58 91
Drugs 1 ,462 91
Freight and drayage 98 38
Janitor's services, 3,835 07
Medical supplies, 101 90
Milk, 39,920 55
Nurses, salaries, 42.431 29
Operating expenses, 5,573 .'«
Postage, 289 02
Rent 14 , 043 49
Salad oil 736 63
Traveling expenses, 7,677 33
$153,384 42
Miscellaneous Expenditures:
Furnishings, $3,175 79
Operating supplies 576 14
Traveling Tuberculosis Exhibit, 3,000 15
6.752 08
Total expenditures on acronnt Dispensaries from June 1,
1913, to December 31, 1913, $160.136 50
Mont Alto Sanatorium.
Mnintpnanoe;
Plnoksmith shop, $132 49
riericnl salaries, 1 048 00
Tofll 14.840 99
Disinfectants 684 90
Dnntors* snlnries 9..'>42 19
Dnifirs 977 29
Food stuffs 54.923.36
Frpfpht nnd drnynire. otc. 2.622 15
Fnrni.shinfir and supplies 4.287 .32
Tnsnrnnoe 5 723 11
M'^dicnl Rnpplics , 394 75
Milk PTid orrsrs 34..S63 .59
Mi«»<»ell'»n'»ons snlnrioa on account maintenance, .W.7Fv4 86
Nursos' salarios 13. .371 .'>7
Onernting expenses, 15.. 389 97
Onf»m ting supplies 1,060 89
Postage, etc 249 48
Poultry fnrm 802 96
Traveling cxpens'^s on account maintenance, .. 260 09
Plnnt Ernendltures:
■RnildiTi? sunplies T J^'f^S 65
rcnfrnl heating plani , 231 .56
Onrop"* 63 00
Misponnneo"R snlaries on account construction, 2,241 10
N'^w Tinhorn tory , .50 24
Poultry hotises . ,36 75
■Renf^irs to buildings 149 43
T?of>fls nnd srrndiTie 5.820 67
Sewage disposal plant, 185 77
Shrubs, flowers . otc 26 89
Trnvoling orponses on account construction,.. 9 95
Water supply, 989 06
$197,629 96
10.330 07
Total expendituros on nooonnt MoT>t AUo Sanatorium from
June 1. 1913. to Dfcember 31. 1913 ^ 2(77, fm(^
CresRon Sanatorium.
Maintenance:
Blacksmith shop, $102 99
rierical salaries, 739.50 .
Coal 2,529 26
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1433
Disinfectants, 179 12
Doctors' salaries, 2,546 85
Drags 122 74
Food stuffs. 19.841 83
Freight and drayage 723 75
Insurance, 876 00
Medical supplies, 357 72
Milk and eggs, 13,386 49
Miscellaneous salaries on account maintenance, 21,763 38
Miscellaneous supplies, 2,609 21
Motor truck and automobile expense, 2,941 42
Nurses' salaries 3,793 31
Operating expenses, 4,249 98
Operating supplies 635 32
Postage, etc. , 187 47
Poultry farm 979 52
Traveling expanses on account maintenance,.. 228 53
78,794 39
Plant Expenditures:
Altemtions—Jonps cottage, $345 56
Building roads, fences, grading, etc., 6,677 86
Building supplies. 134 46
Central heating plant, 1,620 63
Cottages, pavilions, etc. 101 29
East ward, etc. , buildings 3,301 41
Electric feeder lines, etc., 168 96
Freight and drayage on account construction, 173 54
Furnishings and supplies. 15,619 95
Gate-keeper house, scale and hose houses. 350 .36
Miscellaneous salaries on account construction, 6,007 21
On account kitchen and bakery equipment, ^ 647 83,
On account power equipment, 9.3.*>1 59
Poultry houses ^. 713 55
Rpfrigerating and ice making plant, 1.103 .50
Sewage disposal plant, 1,373 05
Shrubs, flowers, etc 122 91
Superintendent's salary. State Board of
Grounds and Buildings 30 00
Traveling expenses on account construction,... 156 15
Underground electric conduit, etc., 3.258 90
Vegetable cellar 907 44
Water supply, etc. , 5,524 44
57.690 69
Total pxppnditnres on account Cresson Sanatorium from
June 1, 1913, to December 31, 1913 136,484 98
Hamburg Sanatorium.
Expenditures on account Construction:
Advprtiaine $41 13
Alt'^mtions — bnrns, farm buildings, etc., 1,497 27
Building supplies 13 50
Central heating plant 2.541 .30
Dining and administration building expense,.. 2,666 48
Farm 2,417 35
Freieht and drayage, 40 91
Horsps and mules ,500 00
Power equipment, 6 20
Roads, sidewalks, grading, etc. , 76 49
Sunerintendpnt's snlary. State Board of
Grounds and Buildings 759 00
Traveling expenses on account con.st ruction , 414 23
Water supply, 116 94
Tnfal expendifurps on account Hamburg Sanatorium
from June 1 , 1913, to December 31 , 1913, 11 ,090 80
Total expenditures on account tuberculosis fund from June
1 . 1913. to December 31 , 1913, 515,672 31
Cash on hand January 1, 1914, 31.202 69
546.875 00
Digitized by
Google
1434 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.
SUMMARY.
Appropriation, |2»flE25.(nO 00
Expenditures from June 1. 1913, to December 31, 1913 5l5.<r2 31
Unexpended balance appropriation January 1 , 1914, $2,109,337 61^
Note:
The following amounts were received by the Department:
December 27, interest on bank balance, IS15 32
December 23, refunded by U. R. Fidclitv and Ciunrantee Co. on
bond covering contract dated May 11, 1910, S. A . Tx)uder, 500 OP
11,115 32
These were returned to the State Treasurer on the following dates:
December 18, $815 32
December 24, 500 00
$1.115 32
SCHOOL MEDICAL INSPECTION FUND, ACT NO. 407, ITEM NO. 4.
RECEIPTS. .
The Auditor General issued warrants on account as follows:
August 1, $8,333 33
September 13, 8,333 a3
October 3, 8 333 33
.October 6, 8.. TO 33
November 28 8,333 33
November 26 .* 8.333 33
$49.909 «
Total receipte, $40.90999
DISBURSEMENTS.
Miscellsneous Expenses:
Doctors* fops for inspection $34.40A HI
Froiifht nnd draynge 3 .*»!
Offire expense, 21 60
Postpn-e 6.340 no
Supplies 473 20
Trnveling expenses 17 17
Totnl '^xppndi^-'ires on noronnf school medicnl inspection fund from June
1. 1013. to D"oember 31. 1013 $41.3^2 «
Cnsh on hand January 1, 1914, 8.it77 P'*
$49.909 94
SUMMARY. ~ ~~
Annronrintion $2nn.nnn (10
Expenditures from June 1 , 1913, to December 31 . 1913 41 .3(B («
Unexpended balance appropriation Janunry 1, 1914. $158,737 92
Note:
The following amount was received by the Department:
December 1 , interest on bank balance $49 «^
This was returned to the State Treasuror on the following dste:
December 3, $4« T
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKll OF HEALTH. 1435
GETTYSBURG FUND.
The Commissioner further begs leave to report that the Fiftieth
Aniiiversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission set aside the
sum of twenty-five thousand dollars for the use of the Department
of Health in establishing and maintaining an emergency hospital camp
together with medical and surgical relief stations and adequate
public comfort stations, and in establishing and maintaining a pure
water supply for the general public during the celebration of the
Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg.
The receipts from this fund and the expenditures on account of the
celebration were as follows: —
RKCEIPTS.
May 22, $150 00
June 17, 5,00000
July 7, 10,00000
September 24, . 50 00
September 29, 5,000 00
November 21 , 4 .000 00
$24,200 00
$24.200 00
DISBURSEMENTS.
MisceUaneouB expenses:
Ambulances, express, freight and drayage, teams, etc., $140 74
Note:
Three ambulances were in sorvices, one with a team of mules was loaned by the
State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis nt Mont Alto, and one horse ambulance, and one
automobile nmbulnnce with a chauffeur wore loaned by the Medico-Chirurgical Hos-
pital of Philadelphia.
Construction :
Water works and sewage system, including maintenance,
for general supply of Gettysburg above normal systems
and also for the emergency hospitals, comfort houses,
big tent, etc., $4,671 07
Comfort stations, 7,160 03
Express, freight and drayage, 241 62
Board, lodging and traveling expenses, 786 87
Electrical work 153 74
General camp construction, Qi52 21
Automobile and livery hire during time of construction and
evacuation , 387 70
Advertising for bids, 30 06
$14,284 22
Water Inspection:
Board, lodging, and traveling expenses, $342 46
Automobile and livery hire, 28 00
370 46
Hospital trains, 150 00
Medical supplies and equipment 796 25
Furnishings, 1,914 07
Note: This item includes all cots, bedding, linen, blankets, dishes,
cutlery, kitchen utensils, wash stands, tables, chairs, stoves, lan-
terns, etc., etc.
Digitized by
Google
1438 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
General Operating Supplies:
Uniforms, $192 21
Disinfectants, 87 28
Freight, express, and drayage, 120 39
Food stuffs 672 87
Ice, 270 00
Miscellaneous supplies, 161 33
1,510 08
General Operating Expenses:
Attendants at comfort stations, $387 87
Orderlies, 384 26
Cooks, 250 86
Superintendents, 223 78
Automobile and livery hire, 229 01
Telegraph and telephone, 195 42
Printing, 63 26
Traveling expenses, 87 40
1,822 75
Medical Service:
Salaries and traveling expenses of medical staff, $1,009 73
Salaries and traveling expenses of nursing staff, 212 89
Board and lodging, 57 24
1,279 86
Total disbursements, $22,278 33
December 31, 1913.— Unexpended balance returned to the Treasurer of
EHftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, 1 ,921 67
$24,200 00
Note: The following amount was received by the Department:
December 30, interest on bank balance, $1 83
This was returned to the Treasurer of Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Battle of Gettysburg Commission, on the following date:
December 30, 1 33
Digitized by
Google
DIVISION OF SUPPLIES.
CHARLES HARTZBLL, Superintenient.
(MW) ^ .
Digitized by VjOOQlC
(1«38)
Digitized by
Google
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 14.
DIVISION OF SUPPLIES.
During the year 1913 shipments, by express and freight, as usual,
irere heavier than in previous years, which will be seen by the com-
parative table of shipments below:
1907— July to December, 832
1908— January to June, 1824
1908— July to December, .^ 2512
190&— January to June, " 3376
190a-^uly to December, 3880
1910— January to June, 4313
1910— July to December, 2962
1911 — January to June, 4904
1911-^uly to December, 3479
1912— January to June, 4275
1912— July to December, 4441
1913— January to June, 4331
1913— July to December, 4681
The Division of Supplies makes requisitions for, receives and re-
ceipts for, all furniture, type-writers, stationery, and printed mat-
ter, such as cards, circulars, pamphlets, and reports; and furnishes
different articles, upon requisition, to the seven hundred (700) De-
partment Health Officers in charge of second-class townships through-
out the State, the sixty-six (66) County Medical Inspectors, one hun-
dred and fifteen (115) Tuberculosis Dispensaries, the Sanatoria at
Mont Alto and Cresson, as well as the various Divisions of the De-
partment.
Account is kept of all goods required from time to time, and of
the stock on hand.
This Division also receives and receipts for all express and freight '
matter, delivers the same to the several Divisions, also receives and
answers all inquiries pertaining to supplies.
The counting, assorting, packing, and shipping of printed matter
and other goods entails considerable labor, but all supplies are so ar-
ranged as to be shipped or mailed without a moment's delay.
During the past year one thousand, eight hundred and fifty-one (1,-
851) units of disinfectants were shipped to County Medical Inspec-
tors, Health Officers, and Dispensaries (5 gals, formaldehyde, 22 lbs.
(1439)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1440 EIGHTH ANNUAL UEPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
potassium permangauate and 5 rolls of gummed paper, composing a
unitj, an inciease of six hundred and seventy-two (672) units over
shipments of 1912.
Laboratory Outfits, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are assembled and forwarded,
upon request, to eight thousand (8,000) physicians in Pennsylvania
(exclusive of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh) for sending specimens to
the Department's Laboratories for free pathological and bacteriologi-
cal examination.
Schedules, catalogues, and mailing lists are made up and corrected!
daily, so that all publications of the Department may be forwarded
promptly as issued to those interested in the work of the Department.
Numerous communications are received from physicians and colleges
in other States and foreign ^ounti'ies requesting that their names be
placed on the mailing list to receive all publications; consequently,
the mailing lists are growing very rapidly.
Ten thousand (10,000) copies of the Pennsylvania Health Bulle-
tin are mailed monthly, and tw^o thousand (2,000) copies of the De
partment's Keport are forwarded annually, to colleges, sanatoria,
libraries, physicians, civil engineers, and many interested persons and
officials of note.
This Division now occupies two capacious rooms, but the amount
of stoiage space necessary to carry the required stock far exceeds the
present quarters. Within the coming year another room is to be
provided, which wull greatly facilitate the storing and handling of the
prodigious amount of goods required by the Department.
Digitized by
Google
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT, No. 14.
INDEX.
NOTE.— Important errata arp lUted brlow.
Abatement. Orders issued, 775
Abbott, Dr. J. de B., Dispensary Physician, 53
Abbott Township: School inspection, 278
Abdominal tuberculosis: Deaths, percentajce of deaths from tuberculosis,
437: by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain citi'\s, 474,482
Abingtou : Water examined 580
Ablngton Township: (See also Seybert Institution), Nuisances, etc., 770,
771 ; Water supply 7&4
Ablngrton General-Hospital: Commis.siouer makes an address at the laying of
the comer-stone, 104
Abscess: Deaths, by age, 454; urban nud rural, and in certain cities, 478,486
Accidents: Cf. External causes of death. Labor.
Accounts: see Division of Accounting, etc.
Acetylene gas generators at Mont Alto, 906
Acne found in the inspection of school children , 263,269
Actinomycosis (cf. \Iycoses): Morbidity (1006 1913), 553; urban and rural,
by months, 554
Adams County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Ht^alth Officers, 16
School Medical Inspectors, 25
Ix)cal Registrars, 38
Distributors of Antitoxins, 68
Tuberculosis Dispensary , 52
Abstract of reports of County Medicnl Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulntion of dairies because of them, 283
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural \lortality by months, 446 ; from certain causes, 466,471
Rural births by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 544
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
Sch<K>l Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity , 264
Water samples examined in the I-rfiboratories, 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 547,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Adams Township: (Cambria) , School inspection, 274
Adams Township : (Snyder) , Typhoid fever 399
Adamsburg: Nuisances, etc., 770; School inspection, 279
Adamstown : School inspection , 276
Addison*8 disease: Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 475,483
Addison: School inspection, 278
Addison Township: Chicken pox, measles, 401
Addresses: by members of the Department, 102
Adenoids in school children, 262,266,268
Advisory Board: Members, 13; Meeting and action, 81
Age, see also Infancy, Old Age.
Age of brides and grooms, 567,671,572
Age and morbidity, for certain diseases (see also below): Diphtheria, 559;
Scarlet fever, 560, 561 ; Tuberculosis, 562, 563 ; Typhoid fever, 557,558
Age in certain outbreaks: (Diphtheria), 224; (Dysentery), 980; (Typhoid
fever), 190, 201, 986, 992, 994, 998, 999, 1010, 1018, 1023, 1027, 1069, 1073.
1076, 1080, 1093, 1105, 1108, 1129, 1141, 1142, 1146, 1148. 1149. 1183. 1260 *
1261, 1262, 1270, 1276, 1283, 1287, 1289, 1302, 1366, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1398, ...! 1402
Age and mortality (in part by color), 457,460
Age and Death rates (1906-1913) , 431
Age and mortality (1906-1913) for certain diseases: Diphtheria, 433; Measles,
435; Scarlet Fever, 434; Tuberculosis of the Lungs, 438; Typhoid Fever,
432; Whooping Cough, 43Q
Age of the mothers of the year, 52g
91_14_1915
(1441)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1442 INDE2X. Off. Doc.
Age of patients of the Dispensaries, 610; of the Sanatoria, 642, 686. 687; of
the Sanatoria, treated with the Biological Products of the Tubercle Badl-
lus, 669, 700; of the Sanatoria, traced after discharge, 158,655
Age of patients treated with antitoxins: Diphtheria, 720, 721, Tetanus, 738
Akron: Water supply: sources, 851 ; permit, 794 ; water examined, 380
Albany Township: School Inspection, 274
Albert: Nuisances, etc., 772
Albion: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply: per-
mit, sources, watershed inspection and patrol, 794,851,963,972
Albion Water Co.: Permit, etc., 794,853
Albuminuria, Puerperal (see also Nephritis): Deaths, by age, 453; urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 478,485
Alburtis: School inspection, 277
Alcoholism: Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain cities,... 475,483
Aldan: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 794; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 869,894,898
Alderson: Nuisances, etc., 775
Aleppo Township (Allegheny): School inspection, 273; Water supply, 7M
Aleppo Township (Greene): School inspection, 276; Scarlet fever, M
Alexander, Dr. I. H., Dispensary Physician, 53
Alexandria: School inspection, 276
Alienation, Mental: (see also Diseases of the Nervous System): Deaths, by
age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Aliquippa: School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits, 869,894,^31
Allegany Township (Potter) , (see also Allegheny) : School inspection, T,i
Allegheny City Home: See Pittsburgh, North Side.
Allegheny County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 16
School Medical Inspectors, 26
Local Registrars, Zi
Distributors of Antitoxins, 68
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 32
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 296
Summary of work of Health Officers, 436
Rural Mortality by months, 446; from certain causes, 466,471
Rural births by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 5U
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children, b:f sex and nativity, 364
Water samples examined in the laboratories, 57^^
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647 ,ft-'
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 6^
Allegheny County Home and Hospital for the Insane: Smallpox, ^Q; Sewer-
age plans and permits, and plant, 786,889,896,^
Allegheny County Work House: Sewage Disposal Plant, permits, and opera-
tion, 786,869,896,SW
Allegheny (see also Pittsburgh): Water examined, 5"*
Allegheny Township (see also Allegany) .
Allegheny Township (Blair) : School inspection, 2T.
Allegheny Township f Butler) : School inspection, :"4
Allegheny Township (Somerset): Water examined, >1
Allegheny Township (Venango): School inspection, *r»
Allegheny Township (Westmoreland): Nuisances, etc., r<
Allegheny River: As a water supply, 943, 945; Sanitary survey of watershed, S"
Allegheny River Basin : Investigation after the March flood, SCV
Allegheny Valley Water Co. (See also Tarentum Water Co.): Filtration
plant and operation, 784, 940, 944; relation to typhoid fever in Tarentum,
etc.; description, inspection, filter plant, etc., 1376; Neglect of obliga-
tions, 1>-
Alleman, Dr. H. M. ; Dispensary Physician, *
Allen Township, Cf. Lower Allen Twp.
Allen Township (Northampton): School inspection, 277; Tvphoid fever, .. '..
Allen Township (Washington): School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., .. 7*^
Allentown (see also Humoeoputhic State iiospitiil):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-191^,
745 ; cases of the year, <4r
Deaths by months, 442; by age, 457, 460; from certain causes, 463, 468;
from each cause and class of causes, i"
Births, by sex and month, 506; plural and illegitimate,
Smallpox, >. I
Water examined, 580 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 869,894,887.^
AUenwood: Nuisances, etc., ".
Allison, Dr. L. D.: Dispensary Physician, r
Allison Township: School inspection , 275 ; Diphtheria, 3f
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1443
Allison Park (see also John F. Wyland): Water supply, 794
Allison Park Water Co.: Permit, 794; sources, 851
AUport: Nuisances, etc., 773
Almont: Water examined, ^^
Alsace Township: School inspection, 273
Altman. Dr. O. R.: C. M. I., Fayette CJounty, 15; Abstract of report, 337;
On duty at Gettysburg, 146; Aid at Connellsville, etc., 988; Dispensary
Physician, 65
Altoona :
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745 ; cases of the year, 005
Deaths by months, 442; by age, 457, 460; from certain causes, 463, 468;
from each cause and class of causes, 473
Births, by sex and month, 506; plural and illegitimate, 529
Smallpox from a circus, 242; smallpox, 299
Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602
Nuisances, etc. . 770,771,773
Water supply for P. R. R., 971; water examined, 578; Sewerage per-
mits, etc. , plant and operation, 780,785,867,869,894,807,954
Aluminium sulphate: use in the Water Filtration Plants, 940,941,946,948,1386
Alwine, Jerry: Waterworks permit, 7W; sources, 851
Ambler: School inspection, 277; nuisances, etc., 770; sanitary survey, .... 975
Ambridge:
Deaths by months, 442
Births by sex and month, 506; pluml and illegitimate^ 529; waterworks
permit, 791, 79*; sources, S5X,; Water examined, 678
Ambulances at the Gettysburg Celebration , 144
American Steel and Wire Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 869,901
Amity (vicinity): Measles, 414
Amity Township (Berks): School inspection, 273
Amity Township (Erie): School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 775
Amityville: Nuisances, etc., 774
Amputations: Deaths, 454
Amwell Township: Measles, 414; Water examined, 681
Anaemia, Chlorosis: laboratory examinations, 582; Deaths:— by age, 450;
urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Analyses Cf. Chemical examinations, and Water.
Anderson Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965
Aueurj^sm, See Arteries.
Angelica Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969; pollution re-
ferred to counsel, 1413
Angelica Water Co.: Watershed inspection, 969; Sources 969
Angina pectoris: Deaths by age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Angle, Dr. W. L., C. M. I., Monroe County, 15; Abstract of reports, 376;
Dispensary Physician, 57
Animals, Fatal injuries by: Deaths by age, 455; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, 480,487
Animals, Dead; as nuisances, 771,774
Ankylosis in School Children, 263,269
Ankylostomiasis: Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; Mortality, 452
Annin Township: School inspection, 277
Aunville (cf. N. and S. Annville Township): Nuisances, etc., 774; Water
supply, 794; Water examined, 580
Annville Water Co.: Permits, 794; sources, 851
Anterior Poliomyelitis, see Poliomyelitis.
Anthony Township ^lycoming) : School inspection, 277
Anthony Township (Mon'tour) : School inspection , 277
Anthracite Water Co . : Territory and permit, 794 ; sources, 853
Anthrax: Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 554;
deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 473,481
Anthrax in Bradford Co. , 301 ; in Dauphin Co. , 331
Antietam Creek: As a water supply, 945, 961 (Watershed inspection), 1368
Antis Township: School inspection, 273
An tie Creek: as a water supply « 1365 ; Inspection of watershed, 1366
Antitoxins (cf. Diphtheria, Tetanus): Distributors, 68
"Antityphoid" vaccine: Free distribution authorized, 81
Antrim Township: Water examined, 579
Apolacon Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 404
Apollo: School inspection, 273; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Nuisances, etc.,
770, 772; Water supply. 783, 795, 942, 963 (Watershed inspection^.
Apollo Water Works Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and operation,
watershed inspection, 778,783,790,795,853,859,942,963
Apoplexy. See Cerebral Haemorrhage, and Pulmonary congestion.
Digitized by
Google
1444 . INDEX. Off 1>)j
Appendicitis and typhlitis:
Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in part by color, 468; urban
and rural,, and in certain cities, 477, 485; in cities over 100,000, and
in part by color, 4894^
Application for marriage licenses: Form prepared , Ill
Applications for the Sanatoria to be handled in the Harrisburg office, 89, W
Applications regarding waterworks and sewerage, 778; classified by years, 782,78j
Appointments, etc. , 10
Appropriations and Expenditures, 1421 ,142i^
Ararat Township: School inspection, 278 ; Typhoid fever, 4(M
Archbald: Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illegitimate, 529;
deaths, by months, 442
Ardara : Measles, 419
Ardmore:
Typhoid fever and special investigation of the water supply, 958; Water
examined, 5S0
Arendtsville: Water supi)ly, watershed inspection, 795,963
Arendtsville Water Co.: Permit and sources, 795,856, (and watershed in-
spection) , 96S
Aristes: Nuisances, etc., 775
Armagh Township : School inspection , 277
Armenia Township: School inspection 274
Arment, Dr. S. B.: C. M. I., Columbia County, 14; Abstract of reports,
325 : Dispensary Physician , 54
Armstrong County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, *. 16
School Medical Inspectors, 2»)
Local Registrars, ?^^
Distributors of Antitoxins, 6S
Tuberculosis Dispensary , 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and rearulation of dairies because of them, 2^^*
Summary of work of Health Officers, 42^
Rural Mortality by months, 446; from certain causes, 466,471
Rural births by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 5*4
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 57"
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children , by sex and nativity , y>-
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 57^
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647, 'i"
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, j^^
Maps drawn or revised, >.'
Increase of rural popnla tion , 2<^
Armstrong Township (Indiana) : Various communicable diseases, r--'^
Armstrong Township (Lycoming): School inspection, 2'7
Armstrong Water Co.: Filtration plant and operation, 784,859,.'42
Arnold, Dr. W. A., Dispensary Physician, 5^
Arnold: Nuisances, etc., 770; Smallpox, 419; Water supply, 795, 942; sewer-
age plans and permits, 780,866,8e9,S^>'l
Arnot: School inspection, 278; Special report on an outbreak of Dysentery,
978 ; Note of C. M . I . , 407 ; Water examined, .'^1
Arnot Water Co . : Relation to the epidemic, 1*S1
Arona: School inspection , 279 ; Nuisances, etc. 77*
Arrow Spring (Fairmount Park, Philadelphia): as a source for bottled
water, 1355, 1^56, 1357, 13.>
Arteries, Diseases of the, (see also Diseases of the Circulatory System):
Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,4^
Ascaris lumbricoides found in feces 5SC
Ashcraft, Dr. E. H.: C. M. I., Potter County, 15; Abstract of reports,
385 ; Dispensary Physician, 5??
Ashland :
Deaths, by months , 44i!
Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illegitimate 52?
Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 581; Water supply, sources, etc.,
filter plant and operation, watershed inspection, 795, 853, 941 ,9»v
Ashland Township: School inspection 273
Ashley: Deaths, by months, 442: IMrths, by sex and month, 507; plural
and illegitimate, 530; Water supply, 795; Sewerage plans and permits 869, ^>
Asiatic Cholera, See Cholera.
Asphyxia (see also Drowning, Gases): Suicidal, 455, 479. 4^
Aspinwall : School inspection , 2T,;
Aspinwall-Delafield Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 809,894,^^
Assembly , General : Bills relating to public health l'"'
Assistant Chief Medical Inspector: Cf. Dr. J. J. MuUowney.
Digitized by
Google
No 14. COMMISSIONKll OF HEALTH. 1445
Assistant to the Commissioner, ^'^^'J?
Assistant Engineers, 12,77
Associate Chief Medical Inspector : Cf. Dr. 0. J. Hunt.
Asthma:
Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 478,484
Astigmatism found in school children , • • 268,267
Aston: Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1303
Aston Township: School inspection , 275
Ataxia: See Locomotor ataxia.
Atglen: School inspection, 274; Sanitary survey, 975
Athens: School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578; Water supply, 784,
795, 944 ; Sewerage plans and permits 866,869,900
Athens Township: School inspection, 274 ; Smallpox, 303
Atheroma: See Arteries.
Atrophy: See Yellow atrophy. Paralysis, Marasmus.
Attleboro: School inspection , 274
Auburn: School inspection, 278; Board of Health reorganized, 393; Measles,
Mumps, 397 ; Water examined, 581
Auburn Township: School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever, 405; Water ex-
amined, 581
Austin: School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 963; Waten^-orks permits, 795; sourees, 856
Automobile fatalities (1912-1913), 440; A(s»ideiits and injuries:— diMths, by
age, 455 ; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 480,487
Avalon: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 795; Sowerasce plans aiul p t-
mits, etc. , 780,867,869,900
Avis: School inspection, 275; Water supply and watoi-shed inspectirm, 9(53
Avoca: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 795;
Sewerage plans and permits, 870,894,901
Avon : Nuisances , etc. 774
Avondale: School inspection, 274; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined, 579
Avonmorc: Water examined, 581; Waterworks permit, 795; sources, 851
Baby Saving Shows and related work, 183,409
Bacilli: Cf. Bacteria.
Bacteria and bacteriological examinations (So^ also Diphtheria, Tubercle
bacillus. Typhoid fever. Milk, Water): Special studies, 195, 576-584;
(Philadelphia water supply) , 1039
Bacteriologists, 51,60,65
Baden: School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578; Water supply: per-
mit, 795 ; sources, 851 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 870,8^,901
Baggaley : Water supply and watershed inspection , 969
Bainbridge: Nuisances, etc., , 774
Balcon Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 962
Bald Eagle Township : School inspoction , 275
Bald Eagle Water Co. : Permit, 795 ; Sources, 853
Baldwin Township (See also West Liberty Improvement Co.): Water sup-
ply, 795
Bally : School inspection , 273
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company: Railroad Medical Inspectors, 16
Bangor: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of Tubercle Rncilli Products
(1909-1913), 745 ; cases of the year, 607
Deaths, by months, 442
Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illecritimate 530
Nuisances, etc., 770, 772; W\nter supply and watershed inspection 795,963
Bangor Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, inspection, 779,790,791,795,856,
859,963
Banks, Dr. W. H., C. M. I., Juniata County, 15; Abstract of reports,
354 ; Dispensary Physician , 56
Banks Township (Carbon) : School inspection , 274
Banks Township (Indiana): School inspection, 27C; Communicable diseases, 350
Barbers: Regulations concerning brushes, 81
Barclay Township: School inspection, 274; Special iiispection, 304
Barges (at Philadelphia): Water supply 1307,1330
Barnesboro: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 578; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 795, 964 ; Sewerage plans nnd permits, 870,901
Barnesboro Water Co.: (see also Northern Cambria Water Co.) Permit,
sources, 795,853
Bamett Township (Forest) : School inspeetion 276
Barnett Township (Jefferson) : School inspection , 276
Barnsley : Water examined , 579
Barrett Township (See also Buck Hill Falls Company): School inspection, 277
Barry, Robert: Litigation concerning, 115
Barry Township: Smallpox, 387,396
Bart Township: School inspection , 276
Bartonville: Nuisances, etc., 774
Bashore, Dr. H. B.: C. M. I., Cumberland County, 15; Abstract of reports,
328; Special report on a rural epidemic, 329; Dispensary Physician, -f^^^p^jp.
1446 INDEX. Oflf. Doc.
BastresB Township: School inspection, 277
Bates, Dr. Hervey L., Assistant in the Laboratories, 51,14fi
Bath: School inspection, 277; Water supply: permit, sources, watershed
inspection, 779, 795, 856, 964, 972; Sewerage plans and permits, 870,901
Batt, Dr. Wilmer R., State Registrar, 37; Report, 429; Aid in the cele-
bration a-t Gettysburg, 146; Paper before the Conference of the Sanitary
Officers of the State of New York, IM
Baylor's Pond: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965
Beale Township: School inspection, 276
Beallsville: School inspection, 279 ; Water examined, 581
Bear Creek Township: School inspection 277
Bear T^ke: No Board of Health , 411 ; School inspection, 278
Bear -Pond Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 964
Bear Rock Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 966
Bear Rock SprinjErs: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 971
Beard, A. H., Assistant Engineer, 12,77
Beaver County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 16
School Medical Inspectors, 26
Local Registrars, 39
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 292
Rural Mortality by months, 446; from certain causes, 466,471
Rural births by sex nnd month, 519 ; plural and illegitimate, 514
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children , by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Ijaboratories, • ; 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Beaver (Beaver): School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits, 870,894,901
Beaver (Crawford): School inspection, 275
Beaver Township (Clarion) : School inspection, 275
Beaver Township (Columbia): School inspection, 275; Measles, 325; Mumps, 326
Beaver Township (Crawford) : School inspection , 275
Beaver Water Co . : Sources, 964
Beaver Creek Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant, 795,853,859,939
Beaver Falls:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, " 607
Deaths, by months, 442: by age, 457, 460; from certain causes, 463,468
Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illegitimate, 530
Lecture on Tuberculosis 602
Water examined, 578; Water supply, 796; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 780,867,870,898
Beaver Meadow: Water supply, 796
Beaver River: As a water supply, 943,945,964
Beaver Run: As a water sOpply, watershed inspection, 943,963,970
Beaver Springs: Nuisances, etc., 775; Scarlet fever, 399
Beaver Valley Towns: Water supply, 942
Beaver Valley Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plants and operation,
778,783,790,791,796,853,858,859,942
Beaverdale: Water supply and watershed inspection 969
Beaverdam Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969
Beavertown: Nuisances, etc., 774
Beccaria Township: School inspection, 275
Bechtelsville : Sanitary survey, 975
Beckville: Typhoid fever, 388
Bedford County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 17
School Medical Inspectors, 26
Local Registrars, 39
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them 293
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural ^Iortality , by months , 446 ; from certain causes , 466,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 520; plural and illegitimate, 5*4
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1447
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 2di
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 047,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, fW3
Maps drawn or revised , • 777
Smallpox from a circus, 2iL2
Bedford: School inspection, 273; Water supply and watershed Inspection, 962;
Sewerage plans and permits, 781,867,870,894,900
Bedford Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773
Bedminster Township: Diphtheria, 306, 307; Measles, 308; Chicken pox 309
Beech View : Water supply , 796
Beechwood Park Amusement Co . : Sewerage permit, 870,897
Bell Township (Clearfield) : School inspection, 275
Bell Township (Jefferson) : Diphtheria , 351
Bell Township (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279
Bell Valley: Water examined, 579
Bellefonte:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; cnses of the year, 005; School inspection,
274; Nuisances, etc., 770; Smallpox, 182, 316; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 870,898
Bellevernon: School inspection, 276; Water examined, 579; Sewerage plans
and permits 870,901
Bellevue: Deaths, by months, 442; Births, by sex and month, 507 ; plural and
illegitimate, 530; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Water supply, 796; Sewerage
plans and permits, 870,894,901
Bells Camp: cf . Northwestern Antituberculosis league
Bells Landing: Nuisances, etc., 772
Bells Mills: Diphtheria, 351
Bellwood: School inspection, 273; Smallpox, 299; Water examined, 578
Belmont Spring (Fairmount Park, Philadelphia): as a source for bottled
water, ^ 1355,1357,1358
Belmont Water Company : Sources and watershed inspection , 970
Belmont Water District (Philadelphia): Notes on, in relation to the outbreak
of typhoid fever, 1034, 1263- 1271 + ,1290, 1292, 1294, 1306
Ben Avon: Water supply, 796; Sewerage plans and permits, 870,894,901
Ben Avon Heights Sewer Company: Sewerage plans and permits, 870,898
Bendersville: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770
Benner Township: School inspection, 274
Bennett, Dr. C. E., Dispensary Physician, 56
Bens Creek Water Co.: Permit, 796: sources, 853
Bensalem Township (See St. Francis Industrial School) ; Typhoid fever
attributed to Philadelphia. 1302: Water supply, 798
Benson: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 796
Bentley Run: As water supply, watershed inspection, 96B
Bentleyville: School inspection, 279
Benton: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 796
Benton Township (Columbia) : Measles 328
Bebton Township (T^a cka wanna) : School inspection, 276
Benton Water Co.: Permit, 796; sources, 851
Benzette Township: School inspection 275
Benzinger Township: School inspection 275
Beriberi: Deaths, bv age, 449, urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474,482
Berkebile, S. P.: Waterworks permit 796; sources 851
Berks County:
Chunty Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 17
School Medical Inspectors, 27
I^iocal Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 294
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
•Rural Mortality, by months, 446; from certain causes, 466,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 520; plural and illegitimate, 544
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 683
Mans dmwn or revised 777
Berks County Prison: Inspection and renewel of plumbing, 060
B'^'-s (V)unty Medical Society: Department represented at the Annual
Berlin: School' inspection, 278: Typhoid fever, 401; Water examined, 581
Berlin Township: School inspection, 279; SmaUpox, 417
Digitized by
Google
i448 INDEX. 6tf. Doc.
Bern Township: School inspection, 273; Measles 295
Bemhart Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 945,961,974,1368
Bernville: School inspection , 273 ; Water examined, 578
Berry, Dr. John, Deputy Medical Director of the Mont Alto Sanatorium,
59; On duty at Gettysburg, 146; Report on the use of the Biological
Products of the Tubercle Bacillus at Mont Alto, and on the later condition
of patients that had received this treatment, 668
Berrysburg: School inspection , 275
Bertolet , Dr . W . M . , Dispensary Physician , 11,53
Berwick :
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 442; Births, by aex and
month, 507; plural and illei?itimate, 630; Nuisances, etc., 770; water
supply, 783,796,939
Berwick Township : School inspection , 273
Berwick Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, patrol, ...783,796,853,859,999,972
lierwiTidnle : Nuisances . etc . , 772
Berwindino: Water supply and watershed inspection, 791,969
Berwyn : Nuisances , etc. , 773
Bessemer: School inspection , 276
Bethany: School inspection, 279
Bethany Orphans' Home: Sewerage, plans, permits, plant, 787,870,896,957
Bethayres : IVphoid fever, 378
liethel Twp. (Allegheny): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 774; Water
supply , T97
Bethel Twp. (Armstrong): School inspection, 273
Bethel Twp. (Berks): School inspection, 273; Measles, 295; Smallpox, 296
Bethel Twp. (Delaware) : School inspection, 275
Bethlehem :
Deaths, by months, 442; by age, 4.'57, 400: from certain cau.ses, 463, 468;
Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illegitimate, 530: Nuisances
etc., 770; Special report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 982; typhoid
fever (lU08-liH3), 987; Water supply: 0-tl ; pprmits. .«?ources, etc., 797,
851, 982; Antituberculosis Society addressed by a representative of the
Department, 108
Bethlehem Twp.: School inspection, 277: Nuisrinces, etc., 774; Smallpox, .. 381
Bethlehem City Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and operation, 783,797,856.
859,940.944
Bethlehem Steel Co.: Water supply: Permit, sources, filter plant and opera-
tion, 7&3, 797, 851 ,859.940,944
Beyer, I)r. S. Meigs, C M. I., Jeffers(m County, 15; Abstract of peports,
351 ; Dispensary Physician , 55
Biddle, Dr. P. G . , Dispcn.sary Physician 58
Big Beaver Twp. (See also Koppel Land Co .) : Water supply, 797
Big Chiquesnlunga Creek: Sanitary survey of water-sh«^d, 974
Big Conestoga Creek : Sanitary survey of w;\ tershed, 974
Big Mill Creek: As a water supply, watersiied inspection, 945,963
Big Run: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 797, 914; Sewerage plans
and pormits 871,^
Big Spring Village: Water examined o<9
Big Swat;ira Creek : As a water supply, 943
Big Ten Mile Run : As a water supply , W5
Bigler Twp . : School inspection , 275 : water supply, 797
Biglerville: School inspection , 273 : Water supply, 797
Biderville Water Co . ; Permit, 797 ; sources, 851
Biliary calculi:
Deaths by age, 453; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477,485
Bingham Twp.: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 772
Biological Products: See Divisions, Diphtheria Antitoxin, Tetanus Antitoxin,
Vaccine Supplies, Products of Tubercle Bacilli, Typhoid Vaccine.
Birch Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 962
Birdsboro:
School inspection, 273; Sanitar>' survey, 975: Water examined, 57S
Birkhaven : Water examined, 5?9
P.irmingliam : School inspection , 276
Birmingham Twp. (Chester) : Sch<.ol inspection 274
Birmingham Twp. (Delaware) : School iuspoctinn , 275
Birth Stiitistics: ^ , ^ , , , ^
Comments 89: Stillbirths, 420: Births, urban and rural, by sex and
month, 5(W): urban and rural, by n\xo jmkI nativity («f mother, 526; by
the nativity of the mother and the quotity of the child, 527; by the
nativity of the mother and the number of living children, 528; plural
and illegitimate, by the nativity of the mother, 529
Birth, in relation to dc:\tli: Of. Puerper..! state, Malformations, Debility,
etc.
Injurv at, as a cause of death , 455,479,486
Premature, etc., causing death, 454,479,486
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONKR OP HEALTH. 1449
Bittinger , Dr. J . H . , Dispensary Physician , 59
Bittner: Measles, 330
I »ixie Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection 905
lUack Twp . : School inspection , 278
Black Creek Twp.: School inspt^ction. 277; Chicken pox, Measles, 38S
Black Hole (Veek : As a water supply, 943
Black Hole Run : As a water supply, watershed insi)ectiou 967
Blackleg Creek : As a water supply, ; 943
Black iAck : Diphtheria , STA) ; Water, examined, 580
Black Lick Twp. (Cambria! : Water supply , 797
I Jlack Lick Twp . (Indiana) : School inspection , 278
Black Lick Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 902,969
lUack Lick Water Co.; Sourco.s nnd witershcd inspection, . .' 969
Blackwood Water Co . ; Permit, 797 : sources, 856
Bladder, Disease of the (See also (lenitourinary System):
Deaths, by age. 453; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477,485
Blain (Perry) : School inspection . 278 ; Water examined 681
Blain City (Clearfield): Measles 322
Blainsburg: Scarlet fever. Measles, 414
Blair County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 17
School Medical Inspectors, 27
Local Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensaries 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regiilnti«»n of dairies because of them 299
Summary of work of Health Officers, 428
Rural Mortality, by months, 44C)\ from certain cases 466,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 520: plural and illegitimate, 644
Marriages , by mouths , 568 ; r:i te , by years (190(} 1913) 670
School insnertion in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School Children , by sex and nativity 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647 690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Smallpox from a circus, 242 : Almshouse , smallpox , 182
Blair Twp.: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water examined, 578
Blair Gap Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 962
Blairsville: Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602: NiiisaJH-es, etc., 770; W^aterworks
permit, 797 : s^mrces, 856 : Seweraire phins and permits 867,871,894,900
Blakely: Deaths, by months, 442; lUrth.s, by sex and month. .W ; plural and
illegitimate. 530; Status of the Board of Health, 3^8; Sewerage plans and
permits, 871 ,894,901
I*landburg: Nuisances, etc. , 772 ; Water examined 678
I^lnndburg Water Co . : Permit. 797 ; sources 853
Blaw Steel Centering Co.: Sewerage plans, permits, plant and operation, 787,871,
896,954
Blepharitis in schm^l children , 262
Blood, see Serum.
Bloomfield (see also New Bloomfield): School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, 384;
Water supply 797
Bloomfield Twp. : School inspection 275
Bloomfield W^ater and Sewer Co.; Permit, 797; sources, 851; watershed
patrol , 972
Blooming Valley: School inspection, 275; Sanitary survey, 975; Water sup-
ply, 964
Bloomsburg :
Deaths, by months, 442; Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and il-
legitimate, 530
Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602: Nuisances, etc., 770: Water examined, 579;
Water supply and watershed inspection, 783, 797, 939, 942, 962; Sewer-
age plans and permits, 871,898
Blcwmsburg Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant and operation, water-
shed inspection, 783,790,791,797,853,859,939,942,962
Blose, Dr. D . P . , Dispensary Physician, 52
Bloss Twp . : School inspection , 278 : Water supply, 981
Blossburg: School inspection, 278: Water supply, 798
Bl*>s.sbnre Water Co.: Permit, 798; sources, 853
Blue Ball: Nuisances, etc., 774
lUue Lick Creek : As a water supply , watershed inspe<'tion 967
lUue Mountain Consolidated Water Co.: Permits, etc., 798; sources, 856
Blue Ridce Wntpr Supply Co.: Permit. 798; sources 851
Blythe Twp.: School inspection, 278; (Tiicken pox, 390; Water supply, 798
Boalsburg: Nuisances, etc., 773; Water supply, 798
Digitized by
Google
1450 tKDE^. 6£r. 000.
BoalBburg Water Co. : Permit, 798 ; sources, 853
Boarding houses: Gf. Housing.
Board of Health, State: Origin and character, 8
Boards of Health: Act of Assembly concerning their establishment and main-
tenance, 110; Special inspections by the General Inspector, 115; Status
and comments: 85; (Adams Co,). 284; (Auburn), 308; (Bear Lake), 411;
(Coaldale), 283; (Columbus), 411; (Erie Co.) 334; (Girardville), 391; (Glen-
field), 288; (Gordon), 393; (Grand Valley), 411; (Huntingdon Co.), 345;
g^utztown), 1014; (Lackawanna Co.), 357; (Lawrenceville) , 406; (Lewis
un), 371; (Montgomery Co.), 380; (New Philadelphia), 393; (Schuylkill
Co.), 383; (Selinsgroye), 236; (Sharpsburg), 287; (Somerset Co.), 400;
(Springfield Twp., Montgomery Co.), 379; (Warren Co.), 411
Boas-Oppler baciUus: Laboratory examinations, 577
Boggs Twp. (Armstrong): School inspection, 273
Boggs Twp. (Centre): school insnection, 274
BofTgs Twp. (Clearfield): School inspection, 275
Boiling Springs (cf. J. C. Bucher): Water supply, 798
Bolivar: School inspection, 279; Water supply and watershed inspection, ... 964
Bonbrake, Dr. H. X., C. M. I., Franklin County, 15; Abstract of reports,
342 ; Dispensary Physician, 55
Bones: See also Fractures.
Bones and organs of locomotion, Diseases of the:
Deaths (1906-1913), 430; and rate, 431; by age, 454; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 478,486
Tuberculosis of, (Cf. Tuberculosis), found in school children, 262, 268-
reported improvement, 271
Booneville: Nuisances, etc., 772
Boothwyn : Water examined, 579
Borough Twp. : School inspection. 273
Boroushs: obligations regarding the maintenance of Boards of Health, 110
BosweU: School inspection, 278
Bottled Water: Use in Philadelphia; source and handling, 1,354
Bovard, Dr. F. J., C. M. I., Forest Couiity, 15; Abstract of reports, 341;
Dispensary Physician, 55
Bowertown: Sanitary survey, 975
Boyd, Dr. G. H., Dispensary Physician, 11»53
Boyer, Dr. G. H. , Dispensary Physician 58
Boyer, J. Calvin: Waterworks permits, 798; sources, 851,853
Boyer Heights: Water supply, watershed inspection, 989
Boyertown: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., <«0
Bracken Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection , j^ 969
Brackenridge: Special report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 7 1,376
Water examined^ 578; water supply, 784, 798; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 780.871.894.901
Braddock :
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 52 ; cases of the year, 607
Deaths, by months, 442; by age, 457, 400; from certain causes, 463,46^
Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and illegitimate, 530
Braddock Twp. (See also East Wilkinsburg Improvement Co.):
School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, 798
Bradford County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 17
School Medical Inspectors, i?7
Local Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, S
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases^ and regulation of dairies because of them, 300
Summary of work of Health Officers, 4?5
Rural Mortality, by months, 446; from certain cases, 46S.471
Rural births, by sex and month, 520; plural and illegitimate, 545
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 57i'
School inflection in Fourth Class Districts, 273; Normal and defective
School (Aildren, bv sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 57j?
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 617 ,6W
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,. . ^
Maps drawn or revised 777
Bradford County Water Co.: Permit, 799: sources, 853
Bradford: , ^ _^
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; cases of the year, 605
Deaths, by months, 442; by age, 457, 460: from certain causes, 463,468
Births, by sex and month, 507 ; plural and illegitimate, 59:
Water examined, 580; Waterworks permits, 798; sources, 856; patrol of
shed, 973 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 871 ,894.900
Bradford Twp. (Clearfield): School inspection, 275
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1451
Bradford Twp. (McKean): School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 772, 775;
Water supply^ T98
Brady Twp. (Butler): School inspection, 274
Brady Twp. (Clarion): School inspection, 275
Brady Twp. (Clearfield): Nuisances, etc., 774
. Brady Twp. (Huntingdon) : School inspection, 276
Bradys Bend Twp. : School inspection, 273
Brain. Softening of the, (See also Nervous System, Cerebral Haemorrhage,
Paralysis) :
Deaths, by age, 451 ; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Braintrim: School Inspection, 279
Braintrim Twp. : School inspection, 279
Branch Twp.: School inspection, 278; Chicken pox. Measles, 390,306
Brandywine Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 973,974
Brandy wine Creek (East Branch): As a water supply, watershed inspec-
tion 964,965,974
Brandywine Croek (West Branch): Sanitary survey of watershed, 974; Pollu-
tion referred to counsel, 1417
"Brandywine Inn property" (Chester) : Typhoid fever, 203
Bratton Township: School inspection, 277
Xf rave * Smalloox 344
Pra^, Dr. E. o!, C. M. I., Carbon County 14; Abstract of reporte, 314;
Dispensflrv Physician, 54
Braznell Twp.: Nuisances, etc 772
Breakneck Creek : Pollution 1409
Breakneck Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
Breast, Cancer of the: Deaths (1906-1913,) 438; age, 450; urban and rural,and
in certain cities, 474,482
Other diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural, and in
certain cities 477,478,485
Breathing (see also Respiratory System): Defects in school children, 262,
266, 268; reported improvement 271
Brecknock Township: School inspection , 273
Briar Creek Twp.: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 799
Briar Creek Water Supply Co . : Permit, 799 ; sources, 858
Brickel, B. W., Waterworks permit, 799; sources 851
Brides: First marriages by nativity, and age, and remarriage by age and
quotity, 571: Divorced from a -lormer husband, 572
Bridesburg (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1087; Typhoid, 1002
I*ridgeport:
School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined, 580
Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia. 1,303 Water supply, 799,942
Bridi^eton Twp.: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria. 307; Measles, 308;
Chicken pox, 309; Water supply (see also R. D. Stone), 799
Bridgeville: School inspection, 273: Water supply, 799
Bridgewater Twp.: School inspection, 278; Whooping cough, 405
Brights disease, (see also NephritLs) : Deaths, by age, 4S3
Deaths, urban and rural, and in certain cities, .' 477,485
Bright Run Water Co,: Permit, 799; sources, 863
Brinton Mills: Smallpox 249
Brisbin, Dr. C. H., C. M. I.. Mifflin County,. 15; Abstract of report, 375;
Dispensary Physician , *. 67
Brisbin: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 799
Bristol:
Tuberculosis Dispensary , 53 ; cases of the year, 606
Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 507; plural and il-
legitimate, 531
Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1,302,1,308
Water examined, 578: Waterworks permits, sources, filter plant and
operation, 778, 779, 783, 790, 791, 799, 853, 858, 859, 939, 942; Sewer-
age plans and permits, and plant, 781,785,867,871,894,806,957
Bristol Twp.: School inspection. 274: Nuisances, etc 774
Bristol Water Co.; Permits, 799; filter plant 858,859
Brittain, A. R., et. al.. Sewerage plans and permits, plant and opera- ^
tion 786,871,896,^.957
Broadheads Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 963,974
Broad Top City: School inspections, 276; Typhoid fever, 345; Water ex-
amined , 680
Broad Top Twp.: School inspection, 273
Brockport: Nuisances, etc., 773
Brockway Crystal Water Co., Permit 799; sources, 853
Brockwayville: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 799
Brokenstraw Twp.: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc 772
Digitized by
Google
1452 INDEX. Off. Doc
Bronchitis:
Deaths by age, 452; urban and rural, and in part by color. 468; urban
and rural and in certain cities, 476, 484; in cities over KK) fOO, by ape
and in part by color, 489-494; in such cities, by months and in part by
color, 495-498; in such cities, and the SUite in. the first year by days,
weeks, months '. 499-502
Bronchopneumonia, (See also Pneumonia): Deaths, by age, 452; urban and
rural, and in certain cities, 476, 484: in cities over 100,000, by age and in
part by color, 4^9-494 ; in the State and in cities over 100,000, by months and
in part by color, 495-498; in the StJite and in cities over 100,000, in the
first year by days, weeks, months 499-5flC
Brookfield Twp.: School inspection, 278; Diphtheria 407
*.'Br<>oklyu ' (near Morea): Insanitary conditions, 394; Typhoid fever, 404;
Diphtheria , 405
■Rrookside: Water supply and watershed inspection , 970
Brookville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55: Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; Cases of the year, 607; School inspection. 276; Lecture on
Tuberciilosis, 602- Measles, -353; Water examined, 5S0; Water supply, filter
plant and operation , 783, 799, 939, W2
Brookville Water Co : Permits, 799 ; sources, 853 ; filter plant, 8.^
Brothers Vnlley Twp.: School inspection -<^
Brown, H. W. and D. E., Litijjation concerning, Un
Brown Twp . : (Lycoming) , School inspection , , 277
Brown Twp . : (Mifflin) , Smallpox , 376 : School inspection , 277
Brown's Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 9^
Brownfield: Diphtheria, ^^
Brownstown : (("ambria) , School inspection , 274
Brownstown : (Lancaster, ) Water examined , 5*^]
Brownsville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55 ; Cases of the year, 6'C
School inspection 276; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 866^1,897,9(H
Bruin: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, ,311; Milk examined, o<i ;
. Water examined , • 578
Brumm , Dr. A . S . , Dispensary Physician , 11 .'"
Erunstetter Run : As a water supply , watershed iuspecticm , i»^
Brush Creek Tvvp . : Scht>ol inspection 27H
Brushes, Regulation concerning their use by barbers, '^l
Brushvalley Twp. : ScIkwI inspection, 276 ; c()mmunicable diseases .'<'■"
Bryn Athyn : Water examined , 5^<^
Bryn Athyn Village As.sociation: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and
operation, 786,871.896.954 iku
Bryn Mawr: Nuisances, etc, , 770 : Smallpox, 182 : Milk examined, ■>. .
Bubonic plague: Morbidity, (1906-1913) , 553 : mortality, 44'»
Buccal cavity. Cancer of the (see also Chancer) : Deaths (1906-1913) , ^ 4>
Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474.'>'-
Bucher . J . C . , Waterworks permit , 790 ; sources, J^'.l
Buck Twp . : School inspection , •.?77
Buck Hill Falls Company: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and opera-
tion, 786,871 ,S96,954.r'^
Buck Hill Falls Inn : Investig.-i tion of sewerage, P.'»*
Buckingham Twp. (Bucks): School inspection, 274; Measles, 308; Whooping ^^
Cough , 300 ; Nuisances , etc . , . . .* 7T^
Buckingham Twp . (Wayne) : School inspection , 279 ; Smallpox 417
Bucks County:
County Medical Inspector, 11
Township Health Officers, 1"
School Medical Inspectors -"
Local Registrars, 4'
Distributors of Antitoxins, t**
Tuberculosis Dispensaries '^»
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector: investigation of com-
municable diseasi's, and regulation of dairies because of them, .'^•'
Summary of work of Henlth < )lficers, 4>
Riyal Mortality, by months, 446: from certain crises 466.4"]
Rural births, by sex and month, 520; plural and illegitimate, '^•
Marriages, bv months. 5(>8 : nite. by veirs (1906-191.3) ::>
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 274; Normal and defective
School ( hildren , by sex and nativity , 5.**
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, "•
Patients treated in the Sanntoria ^"'2^
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 6|r
Maps drawn or revised , • • ; ■ ■
Buffalo (N. Y.): Relation of the Typhoid outbreak at Reuovo \^^
Buffalo Twp. (Butler) : School inspection , ^4
Buffalo Twp. (Perry) ; School inspection, ^ V ;^
Buffalo Twp. (Union); School Inspection. 278; W^ater examined, _ >i
Buffalo Twp. (Washington): Nuisances, i*4,77j
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CXDMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1463
Buffalo Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 962
Buffalo, liochester & Pittsburgh Railway Co.: Water supply, sources, and
watershed inspection , 971
Buffington Twp. : School inspection , 270 ; Communicable diseases, 350
Buffington Water Co. : Sources and watershed inspected , 970
Bulkheads along the Schuylkill River (in Philadelphia): Occupancy and water
supply 1323 , 1348
Bulletins: Pennsylvania Health Bulletins of the year 100
Bureau of Vital Statistics, see Divisions.
Burpettstown : School inspection , 279
Burials at Mont Alto, 634
Burlington : School inspection , 273 ; Sanitary Survey, 975
Burlington Twp.: School inspection 274
Hurnham : SmaJlpox, 375
Bums and scjilds, Accidenbil (see also Suicide): Deaths (1006-1913), 440: by
age, 455; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479,487
Burnside: School inspection , 275 : Nuisances , etc. , 770
Bumside Twp. (Centre) : School inspection 274
Burnside Twp. (Clearfieldf: Nuisances, etc., 773
Burrell Twp. (See also J()sepliine Furnace and Coke Co.): Communicable
diseases, 348, 349, &'>0 ; Water supply, 799
Bushkill Twp.: Water supply. 799
Bushkill Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed , 974
Bustleton (Philadelphia); Water supply, 1048
Butler County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 17
School Medical Inspectors, 28
I^ocal Registrars , 40
Distribution of Antitoxins, : 69
Tuberculosis Dispensary , 53
Abstracts of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, iind regulaticm of dairies because of them, 300
Summary of work of Health Oflicers 428
Rural Morbility, by months, 446: from certain causes 466,471
Rural Births by sex and month, 520: plural and illegitimate, 545
Marria^'es by months , oCS : rate , by years (IDOtJ 1013) 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 271: Normal and defective
school children , by sex and nativity , 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 578: Milk samples examined
in the Laboratories 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647, 600; Dispensary attendance of
patients after di.s<'harge from the Sanatorium , 663
Maps drawn or revi.«?ed 777
Butler: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53: Use of Tubercle B;icilli Products (10(^
1913). 745; Cases of the year, 60.5; Deaths, by mcmths, 443; by nsje, 457. 460;
from certain causes, 463, 46S; Births, by sex and month, 507; Plnral and il-
legitimate, 531; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water Supply, 783, 799, 942;
Sewerage plans and permits, 871,897,901
Butler Twp. (Adams) : School inspection , 273
Butler Twp. (Butler); (See also Butler-IIighfields Land & Imp. Co.): Diph-
theria, 310
Butler Twp. (Luzerne) : School inspection 277
Butler Twp. (Schuylkill): School inspertion, 278: Nuisances, etc., 774;
Scarlet fever, 380; Measles, 300, 306; Water supply, 800
Butler Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and onoration, ..783,799,853,8.70.^2
Butler-Highfields Land and Improvement Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 780,867
871,894,898
Butz, Dr. J. T., C. M. I., Lehigh County, 15; Abstract of reports, 365;
Dispensary Physician 56
Byberry Farms Tuberculosis Sanatorium (cf. Philadelphia), Sewerage plans
and oermits. 885,897
Byrndale: Water examined, 579
Caernarvon Twp. (Berks) : School inspecti(m , 273
Caernarvon Twp. (Lancaster) : Nuisances, etc. , 772
Cairnbrook: Water supply and wat«'rshed inspectiou -970
Caimbrook Water Co: Permit, 790, 8()0; sources and watershed inspec-
tion ,..•; 853,970
Calcium hvpochloritc: See Hypochlorite of Lime.
Calcium oxide: Use at the water filtration plants, W1,947,W9
Calculi of the urinary passages: (see nlso Biliary calculi): Deaths by age, 453;
urban and rural, and in certain cities 477.485
California: School in.spection, 279; Sewerncce plnns and permits, 871,901
California Water Co.: Anriication and filter plant 779
Callensburg: School inspection, 274; Water examined, : 679
Callcry : Nuisances, etc. , ., 773
Cain Twp. : School inspection, , ,,. 27^
Digitized by
Google
1454 INDEX. Off. Doc
Cambria County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 18
School Medical Inspectors, 28
Local Registrars, 41
Distributors of Antitoxins, 69
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 53
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them 311
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 446: from certain causes, 466,471
Rural Births by sex and month, 520: plural and illegitimate, 545
Marriages, by months, 568 : rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 274; Normal and defective
school children . by sex and nativity 261
"Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 578
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised 777
Cambria County Water Supply Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 965,968
Cambria Twp. : School inspection , 274 ; Water supply, 800
Cambridge Springs: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Investiga-
tion after the March flood, 959; Water supply; sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed inspection, 783, 800, 856, 850, 942, 964; Sewerage plans
and permits, 866,871,894,900
Cameron County:
Countv Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 18
School Medical Inspectors, 28
Local Registrars, 41
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector: investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 313
Summary of work of Health Officers, 428
Rural Mortality, by months, 446: from certain causes, 468.471
Rural Births by sex and month, 520: plural and illegitimate, 545
Marriag^es. by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 274
Normal and defective school children, by sex and nativity, 364
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647.690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Mapjs drawn or revised 777
Camp Hill: School inspection, 275: Nuisances, etc.. 770, 771; Water supply, 800.&t2
Campbell, Dr. J. Moore, Pathologist: 51, 146; In court, 1408
Canaan Twp. (See also State Hospital for Criminal Insane): School in-
spection, 279; Diphtheria, 417
Cancer: Deaths from the various kinds (1906-1913), 438; Deaths, by age. 450; ^
urban and rural, and in part by color, 463: urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 474, 482; in cities over 100,000, and in part by color, 489.494
Cancer, Hepatic, as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Cancer, and the Boas-Oppler bacillus 577
Canoe Twp.: School inspection, 275; Communicable diseases, 348,3j0
Canonsburg, (See also South Canonsburg): Nuisances, etc., 770: Sanitary
survey, 975; Water examined, 581: Water supply and watershed inspection
783, 800, 942, 964; Sewerage plans and permits 780,871,894,897.899
Canton, (See also Citizens Water Co.): School inspection, 273; niriisances,
etc., 771; Water supply and watershed inspection, 783,800,942,964; Sewer-
age plans and permits, 867,871,898
Canton Twp.; (Bradford), School inspection j 274
Canton Twp.: (Washington,) School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 774
Canton, Citizens Water Co.; Filtration plant and operation, 942
Carbon County:
Countv- Medical Inspector 14
Township Health Officers, 18
School Medical Inspectors, 28
liocal Registrars, ^1
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 54
Abstract of reports of County Medical In.spector: investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 314
Summarv of work of Ht^alth Officers 428
Rural Mortality, by months, 446 : from certain causes 40B,47]
Rural Births by sex and month, 520; plural and illegitimate, 543
Marriages, by months. 56S ; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School Inspection in fourth Class Districts, 274
Normal and defective schawl children by sex and nativity, 2W
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1155
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647, 690; Dispensary attendance of
patients after diseharee from the Sanatorium,
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Carbon Twp.: School inspection, 276
Garbondale: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by
months, 443; by age, 457, 460; from certain causes, 463, 468; Births by
sex and month, 508; plural and illegitimate, 631; Tuberculosis Exhibit,
602; Smallpox, 355; Sewerage plans and permits, .'.780,866,871,894,900
Garbondale Twp., see also Mayfield Yards (Citizens): School inspection, 276;
Smallpox, 3S5
Carbuncle: (See Furuncle).
Care, Lack of, (See also Infancy. Accidents): Deaths, by age, 456; urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 479,486
C«rli.sle: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; Cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 443; by aisre
and color, 457. 460; from certain causes, and by color, 468, 468; Births by
sex and month, 508; plural and illegitimate, 531; Nuisances, etc., 770;
Water examined, 579; Water supply and watershed inspection; 783, 942,
962; Sewerage plans, permits, and plant, 785,871,894,896>997
Carlisle Civic Club addressed by a representative of the Department, 108
Carlisle Gas and Water Co.: Sources and watershed inspections, 962; fil-
tration plant and operation, 783, 942; investigated, 958
Carmichaels: Nuisances, etc., 771; Sanitary survey, 974; Sewerage plans
and permits, 871,894,807
Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, and the Cresson Cemetery Association 926
Carnegie. Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 460; from certain causes, 464, 468;
Births by sex and month, 508; plural and illegitimate, 531; Water supply, 800
Carnegie Steel Co.: Care at Sharon and Farrell, 1376; Sewage Treatment
Plant and Operation, 787,964
Carpentertown : Chicken Pox, 419
Carr, Dr. 6. W., Dispensary Physician, 66
Carnck: Death by months, 443; Births by sex and month, 508; plural and
illegitimate, 531; Water supply. 800; Sewerage plans and permits, 871,894,901
"Carrier" (See also Typhoid fever) : Laboratory examination, 582
Carroll Twp. (Perry): School inspection, 278
Carroll Twp. (Washington) (See also American Steel & Wire Co.): Com-
municable diseases. 413, 414, 415; Water supply, 800
Carroll Twp. (York), School inspection, 279
CarroUtown : Sewerage Application , 780
Carrots, and the Philadelphia truck farms, 1256
Carskadden, Dr. H. A., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Cascade Twp.: School inspection, 277
Cases, (Pollutions, etc.,) referred to special counsel, 1406,1412
Cass Twp.; School inspection. 278; Nuisances, 394; Water supply, 800
Cassandra: School inspection, 274
Casselman: School inspection, 278
Cassville: School inspection, 276
Castanea Twp. : School inspection, 276
Catasauqua. (See also Fullerton, CHear Springs Water Co.): Deaths, by
months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 506; plural and illegitimate, 631;
Milk examined, 577; Water examined, 580; Water works permits, sources,
watershed inspection, 783,800,861,964
Catawissa: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; water supply 800
Catawissa Twp. : School inspection , 276
Catawissa Water Co.: Permits, 800; sources, 856
Catgut: Laboratory examination, ^ 682
Cecil Twp. (See also Penna. Training School): Diphtheria, 415; Water sup-
ply, 801
Cedar Hollow: Water examined 679
Celery; and the truck farms of Philadelphia, 1266
Celhuar tissue, see Skin etc.
Cementon: Water supply, 1005
Cemetery privileges for the Cresson Sanatorium, 926
Censns Card: Used in the inspection at Tarentum, etc., 1381
Centre County:
<Jounty Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers 18
School Medical Inspectors, 28
l»cal Registrars, 41
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 64
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspeector; investigation of com-
municable dLtjeases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 316
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 446; from certain causes, 468, 471; Rural
births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 646
Marriages, by months, 665; rate, by years (190^1913), WO
92
Digitized by
Google
1456 INDEX. Off. Doc.
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 274
Normal ana defective School Children by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579; patients treated in the
Sanatoria, 64^7, 690; Dispensary attendance of patients after dis-
charge from 'the Sanatorium , 683
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Smallpox from a circus, 244
Centre County Medical Society: Addressed by a representative of the De-
partment, 103
Center: School inspection, 277
Centre Twp. (Butler) : School inspection, 274
Centre Twp . (Columbia) : School inspection, 275
Centre Twp. (Greene) : School inspection , 276
Centre Twp. Indiana): School inspection, 276; Communicable diseases, 348,
349, 350 ; Nuisances, etc. . 773
Centre Twp. (Perry): School inspection, 278; C^cken pox, 383; Scarlet
fever, ^
Center Hall: Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602
Centerport: School inspection, 273
Centreville: Nuisances, etc., 770; Chicken pox, ; vVt *^^
Cerebral Haemorrhage. Apoplexy, Softening of the brain: see also Nervous
System, Paralysis: Death rate (1912-1913), 439; Deaths, by age, 451; State,
urban and rural, and in part by color, 468; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 475, 483; in cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 480 494
Cerebrospinal Meningitis, Cerebrospinal fever; see also Meningitis:
Morbidity (190^1913) , 553 ; urban and rural, by, months, ^,^ 55i
Mortality, by age, 451; urban and rural, and m certain cities, 475,483
Notes on rural cases iJi the counties, 288,299,313,325,326,340,342 389 382 401U 404
410,411,413,420,421
Ceres Twp. : School inspection, ^
Chalfont: School inspection, • jj • ' v;* * * * Vr;;:'il ' * 'V ' *« ' * .'n*.* '^ll*
Chambersburg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, So; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Pro-
ducts (1909-1913,) 745; Cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 443;
by age, 457, 460; from certain causes. 464, 468: Births, by sex and month.
508; plural and illegitimate, 531; Baby Saving Show, 183; Inspection for
Typhoid fever, 342; Sanitary Survey, 975; Water exammed, 579; Water-
works permits, sources, watershed inspection, 801, 853, 962; Sewage plans,
permits, plant and operation, 785,57 J, SH,oyD,WM,»i
Chanceford T^vp.: School inspection, *2
Chapman: School inspection, ••••:• vAT'^vr: — "A- ^e' '**
Chapman Twp. (Clinton). (See Drocton Land Co): School mspecUon, 275;
Measles, 325 ; Typhoid fever, 190 ; Water supply, ..•..•••• jgj
Chapman Twp. (Snyder): School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever, •••••.•;•• 399
Charity organizations: Relation to the work of the Dispensaries and the
Nurses kiZ,wL
Charleroi: Deaths,* by months, 443; Births, bysex and month, 508: plural
and illegitimate, 531; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water suppl.v, i84,
801, 939, 942; Sewerage plans and permits, .....^.... 78U,w».»/-i,atf*,aw
Charleroi Water Co., (Cf. Tri-Cities Water Co.): Permit, 801; sources, 853; ^^^
Chlrtiefi'rwp.'YAhegh^^^^^ ^^' ^^^^^" ^^^l
Chartiers^Twp. ^a^hingtonV:' SchVoV Vnspe^^^^ 279; Measles, Quarantine ^^^
Chartiers Creek HributnryV:' As' a water supply, watershed inspection, ^*^»?2
Charleston Twp . : School inspection , 278 ; Measles , Typhoid fever 4^
Charleston Creek: As n water supply, watershed inspection «»
Charlestown Twp.: School inspection, *i*
Charts, etc., made in the Draughting room, 'i?
Chase. Dr. W. D., Dispensary Physician. ;,;,l"'^"\:''A'i JXi
Chatham Twp.: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 775; Typhoid fever, 40B
Chatham Water Co. : Sources, watershed inspection, w
Chatham Run : As n water supply, watershed inspection, vm
Cheltenham Twp. : Water supply, ...••• — ••• cun Si
Chemicals used in the Water Filtration Plants, •■■••;••; ••••vv L\"'^1""m ***"'*"
Chemical disinfection of water supplies, (Sec also Chlonne, Hypochlorite of
Lime, etc.): required in certain water permits. 791 ; of Philadelphia Water
Supplv, rccommendnttons. 1305; of water supplies, in the *PP"cati<>i^s,.^ Tg
Chemicil examinations in the Water Filtration Plants, »40,947,Jfi
Cherry Twp. (Bntler): School inspection,, ^
Cherry Twp. (Sullivan): Communicable diseases, 'SS
Cherry Creek: S?initary survey of watershed »J*
Cherry Grove Twp.: School inspection, *JJ
Cherry Hill' Twp.*:"1^ehool inspection ," 27(5 ; Communicable diseases, 350;
Water examined, .........; ^^
Cherry Ridce Twp.: School inspection, ^J
Cherrytree: School inspection, *}?
Cherry tree Twp.: School inspection, *'»
Digitized by
Google
No 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1457
Cherry Valley (Butler): School inspection, 274
Ctieri-y Valley (Wusniugton): Inspection, 413
Cuest 1 wp. : 2>cnooi inspection, 275
Cnt-st \.reek: As a waivr supply, watershed inspection, 967; Pollution re-
ferred to counsel, 1416
Ciiesi, springs; acnool inspection, ^.. 274
Chester County:
County iuedical Inspector, 14
Township Health Otlicers, 18
^School Medical Inspectors, 28
Local Registrars, 41
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, i 54
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulatiuu of dairies because of them, 317
Summary of work of HealtU Oilicers , 426
Rural mortality, by months, 446; from certain causes, 466,471
. Kural birtns, by sex and mouth, 521; plural and illegitimate, 545
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in l?'ourth Class Districts, 274; Normal and defective
School Children by sex and nativity , 264
Water samples examined in the laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary atu-nauuce of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Chester County Home and Hospital for the Insane: Sewage treatment plant,
permits and operation, 786, 872, 896, 954; Litigation, 1417
Chester: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; Use ot Tubercle Bacilli Products
(lMA^-1013), 746; Cases of the year, 605; Deaths by months, 443; by age and
color, rk>/, 400; from certain causes, and by color, 464, 468; from each
cause and class of causes, 473; Births, by sex and month, 508; plural and
illegitimate, biSl: Nuisances 770, 771; Typhoid fever, 332; Water supply,
783, »01. 942; Sewerage plans and permits, 872,894,807,901
Chester Twp . : School inspection , '275 ; Water supply , 801
Chester Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspections 963,973,974
Chester Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, 1414
Cnesier Hill : School inspections, 275
Chester Springs Soldiers' . Orphans' School: Sewerage plans and permits,
o.^, oyo; plant and operation, 786,872,896,954
Chestnut Hill (Philadelphia): Water supply, etc., 1263
Chestnut Hill Twp.: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 772, 774;
Chicken pox, 377
Cheswick: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 801; Sewerage plans and
permits, 872,894,901
Chewton: School inspection, 276
Cheyney : Nuisances, etc. , 774
Chichester Water Co.: Permits, 801; sources, 863
Chicken Pox: Quarantine, etc., 1S6; found in school inspections, 263
Morbidity, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 554
Mortality is included in "other epidemic diseases'' of the International
List (449, etc.)
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 283,288,289,292,293,295,299,301,308,311,312,
314, 316, 318, 321, 325,326,327,328,331,332,333,334,335,337,340,341.342,343,348,
350, 351, 354, 355, ^359,361,366,368,372,375,377,378,379,381,382,383,385,387,395,
3MI. 398, 399, 401, 403,405,407,408,410,411,412,413,415,417,418,419,422,423,424,425
ChUd Welfare Conference of Pennsylvania: Department represented, 103
Childbirth as a cause of death. See Puerperal State, etc.
Children: of. Age, School Children, Infancy, etc., etc.
Children bom to the mothers of the year, and by her nativity, 627
Children living of the mothers of the year, and by her nativity, 928
Childs: Nuisances, etc., 774
Chinchilla: Water examined, 680
Chinese: Patient' at Cresson, 687,600
Ctiquesalunga Creek, see Big Chiquesalunga Creek.
Chloride of Lime, see Hypochlorite of Lime.
Chlorine: Use in Water Filtration Plants 941,940
Chloriuuti'd l.ime, see Hypochlorite of Lime.
Culorusis, see Anaemia.
Choconut Twp . : fSeuool inspection 278
Cholera asiatica : Morbidity (1900 1913) , 553 ; Mortality , 449
C-holera nostras: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural and in certain cities,
473, 481 : in cities over 100.000, by age and in part by color, 489-404
Chorea: in school children, 282, 268; Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural
and in certa in cities, 475,483
i'hristian. Dr. J. L., C. M. I., Sullivan County, 15; Abstract of reports, 403
Christiana. Water supply, 801
92—14—1916 ^ .
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1458 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Christiana Gravity Water Co.: Permits, 801; sources, 851
Churches: Aid in the Tuberculous Campaign, 97
Christmas: at the Dispensaries, 600, 604; at Mont Alto, 638
Chyluria: Deaths by age. 453; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477,485
Cigarettes, etc. . Act of Assembly relating to, 109
Circulars: Medical , 186
Circulatory System, Diseases of the (see also Heart, Arteries, etc.): Deaths,
(1906-1913,) 430; and rate, 431, 439; Deaths, by age, 461; urban and rural
and in certain cities, 475,483
Circus: Distribution of smallpox by a certain, 83; special report thereon,
241; notes of C. M. I. on the events, 323,336,378,387,392,419
Cirrhosis of the Liver: Deaths, 453,4e8,477,485,49(MM
Citizens Water Co.: See also (jrcnesee, Matamoras.
Citizens Water Company of Canton: Permits, sources, filter plan, watershed
inspection, and patrol, 778,779,783,790,791,801,853,858,859,9^,972
Citizens Water Co. of Confluence: Permit, 801; sources, 853
Citizens Water Co. of Gordon: Permit, 801; sources, 856; Watershed '^atrol, 973
Citizens Water Co. of Kittanning; Permit, sources, filter plant, 801,856,859
Citizens Water Co. of New Bethlehem: Permit, sources, filter plant and
operation , watershed inspection, 784,801,853,859,910,942,907
Citizens Water Co. of Washington: Filtration plant and operation, etc., 778,784,944
Citizens Water and Gas Co. or Williamsport: Permit 801: sources, 853
City Line Spring (Fairmount Park, Philadelphia,) as a source of bottled
water, 1356,1357,1358
City of New Castle Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and operation,
watershed inspection, 784,802,853,859,910,942,961
Clapboard Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 905
Clarendon : School inspection 278
Clairton: School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits, 872,901
darion (bounty:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Oflicers, 18
School Medical Inspector, 28
Local Registrars, 42
Distributors of of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 321
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths (rural,) by months, 447; from certain causes 466,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 545
Marria^s, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 274
Normal and defective school children, by sex and nativity, 204
Water samples examined in the Laboratories , 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 083
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Clarion: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913.) 745; Cases of the year, 606; School inspection, 274; Measles,
Whooping Cough, 321; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined,
579; Water supply, 783,802.939.942
Clarion Twp.: School inspection, 275
Clarion Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant and operation, 783,802,853.859,
939.912
Clarion Heights (cf . Johnsonburg) : Water supply ; Typhoid fever, 1007,1011
Clarion River: Sanitary survey of watershed, 977
Clarks Summit (Hillside Home— Poorhouse. etc. of Scran ton): School in-
spection, 276; Typhoid fever, 358; Scarlet fever, 357; Water examined,.... 580
Clarksburg: School inspection , 270
Clarksville (Greene): School inspection, 278
Clarksvillo: (Mercer), School inspection, 277
Clay Township (Butler) : School inspection, 274
Clay Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 270
Clay Township (I^ncaster) : School inspection , 270
Claysville: School inspection, 279; Water examined, 581; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 9&i; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,872,808
Classification of the tuberculosis, Remarks on:, 162
Clear Shade Creek : As a water supply , watershed inspection 969
Clear Springs Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, watershed inspec-
tion, 779, 783, 790, 791, 802, 856, 859, 904; Relation to Typhoid fever at
Fullerton, etc., 212, and special inspection, 1005
Clearfield County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers, 18
School Medical Inspectors, SO
JxkbI Registrars, » 42
Digitized by
Google
Ko. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HCALi?^. liSd
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, M
Abstract of reports of the Countv Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them,.... 322
Summarv of work of Health OfEcers, 428
Deaths (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 460,471
Rural births by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 545
Marriao^s, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913;, 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275
Normal and defective school children by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 617,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanator-
ium, 6S3
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Clearfield:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; cases of the year, OOO; Deaths, by months,
443; Births, by sex and month, 508; plural and illegitimate, 532;
Smallpox, 322; Water supply and watershed inspection, 802, 962;
Sewerage plans and permits 780,872,901
Clearfield Township : (Butler) , School inspection , 274
Clearfield Township: (Cambria), School inspection, 274
Clearfield Water Cfo: Permit, 802; sources, watershed inspection, ..802,853,962,972
Cleaver, Dr. Israel, C. M. I., Berks County, 14; Abstract of reports,
294 ; Dispensary Physician 53
Cleft palate, found in school children, 263,269
Clerks:, 10,11.12.13,37,51.52,60,68.77,80
Cleveland Township: Cerebrospinal meningitis, 326
Clifford Township: School inspection, 278; Measles, 405
Clifton Township : School inspection 276
Clifton Heights: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever attributed to Phila-
delphia- 1302; Water supply, 802; Sewerage plans and permits, ....867,872,898
Clinton County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers 19
School Medical Inspectors, 29
Local Registrars, 42
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 54
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; iuvestigation of
communicable disonsps, and regulation of dairies because of them, .. 323
Summarv of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 460,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illesTitimate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, bv yenrs (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts 275
Normal and defective school children by sex and nativity. 261
Smallpox from a circus, 244
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579; Milk examined in
the l^aboratories 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanator-
ium, 683
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Clinton County Medical Society: addressed by a representative of the Depart-
ment 103
Clinton Township (Lycoming): Milk (causing typhoid), 195; School inspec-
tion, 277
Clinton Township (Venango): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc 774
Clinton Township (Wayne): School inspection, 279; Communicable dis-
eases, 416,417
Clinton Township (Wyoming): School inspection, 279
Clintonville: School inspection, 278; Sewerage plans and permits, 872,808
Cloe: Diphtheria, 351
Closets, etc.. of the public schools, 272
Clover Township: School inspection 276
ivlover Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 945,968
Club-foot: in school children, 263,269
Cly : Water examined , 581
Clymer: School inspection, 276; Typhoid fever, 349
Clymer Township: School inspection 278
Clymer Water Co. of Indiana: Permits, sources, filter plant and operation,
watershed inspection 784,802,853,859,942,962
Coal Township: Nuisances, etc., 770; Scarlet fever, 382; Water supply, .. 802
Coal Center: School inspection, 279
Coaldale (Bedford): No Board of Health 298
Digitized by
Google
1460 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Goaldale (Schuylkill): Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month,
509; plural and illegitimnte, 532; fcsmallpox, 387, 390, 387; Water supply,
802; Sewerage plans and permits, 872,894,896,902
Coalmont: School inspection, 276
Coalport: School inspection, 275; Measles, 322
Coatesville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54: cases of the yesir, 606; deaths, by
months, 443; by age and color, 458, 460; from certain causes, and by
color, 464, 469; Births, by sex and month, 509: plurnl :ind illojjitimnte,
532; Nuisances, etc., 770; Special report on studies in Typhoid fever, 200;
Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302, 1303; Inspection regarding
Smallpox, 246, 319; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined. 579; Water-
works permits, sources, filter plant and operation, watershed inspec-
tion 778,779,783,802,853,858,859,872,939,942,9©*
Cobbs Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed 973 974
Cochranton : School inspection 275
Codorus Township: School inspection 279
Codorus Creek: Sanitary survey of the watershed, 974* as a water supply,
watershed inspection, 961; pollution referred to counsel, 1417
Codorus Creek (S. Branch): as a water supply, M5
Codorus Creek (W. Branch): as a water supply, 945
Cogan Ho"se Township : Nuis-mces , etc . , 775
Cokeburg:Sch(H)l inspection 270
Cokeville: School inspection, 279
Cold, as a cause of death: by age, 455: urbun and rural and in cert.'iin
cities 480,487
"Colds," Frequent: in the previous medical history of patients at Mont
Alto 632
Cold Spring Township : School inspection , 276
Colebrook Township: School inspo<?tiou, 275
Colerain Townshin (Bedford) : School inspection 273
Colerain Township (Lancaster) : School inspection , 276
College Township (cf. John Hamilton): School inspection, 274; Water '•'-^-
ply, 802
College Hill (See also R. A. Whiteside): Sanitary survey, 975: Water
supply and watershed inspection, 802, 964; Sewerage plans and permits. 873, 8W, 898
College Hill Borough Water Company (Beaver Water Company's East-
vale plant) : Sources, and watershed inspection , 9(y\
Collegeville (Montgomery): School inspection, 277
Collegeville: (Philadelphia), Water supply, 1048
Colley Township: Communicable diseases, 403, 401
Collier Township. See also Allegheny County Home and Hospital, Collier
Land Co. : School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, S02
Collier Land Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 780,866,873,894,897.900
CoUingdale: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, 770, 771; Water supply. 802:
Sewerage plans and permits, 866,873,894,900
Collinsburg ( Winessen) : Water examined 581
Color, of Dispensary patients. 612; of patients discharged from Alont Alto,
643, 644, 648; of patients discharged from Mont Alto and later traced,
655; of patients discharged from Cresson, 687, 690; of patienU treated with
the biological products of the tubercle bacillus at Cresson, 693; Color and
morbidity: Typhoid fever, 558: Diphtheria, 559; Scarlet fever, 561; Tuber-
culosis, 563; Color and mortality, by age in certain municipalities. 4»'>r,
460; from certain causes, urban and rural, and in certain municipalit-
ies. 463.466.468,471
Columbia County:
County Medical Inspector, 14
Township Health Officers 19
School Medical Inspectors, 29
Local Registrars 42
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensaries 51
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 325
Summary of work of Health Officers 43rt
Deaths Crural) , by months, 447 ; from certain causes 406,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and ille«4timate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568: rate, by years (1906-1913) !uO
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275
Normal and defective school children , by sex and nativity, 304
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 57t>
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 617,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanator-
ium , ; 22
Maps drawn or revised, in
Digitized by
Google
Mo. 14. 6OMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. i46i
Columbia: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; Cases of the year. 606; Deaths, by
months, 443; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 464, 409; Births, by
sex and month, 5^; plural and illegitimate, 532; Water examined, 580;
Water supply, 783, W2; Sewerage plans and permits 873,894,902
Columbia Township: School inspection, ". 274
Columbia Water Co.: Filtration plant and operation 783,942
Columbus: School inspection, 278; No Board of Health 411
Columbus Township: See J. W. & A. P. Howard and Co., Ltd.: Measles, 412
Colver: Water supply, 803
Colver Water Co.: See Ebensburg Coal Co.
Colwyn: School ins];)ection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply,
803; Sewerage plans and permits, *. 866,873,894,897,900
Comfort Stations, at Gettysburg 136
Commission , of Distributors of Antitoxin, 706
Commissioner of Health, cf. S. G. Dixon.
Communicable diseases, reported, (also 1906-1013), 553; concerning their
prevalence, 83
Concord Township (Delaware) : School inspection , 275
Concord Township (Erie) : School inspection , 275
Conedoguinet Creek, as a water supply, and watershed inspection, 943,962
Conemaugh: Diphtheria. (1912-1913), 227
Conemaugh Township (Cambria) : School inspection , 274
Conemaugh Township (Indiana): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc.,
773; Communicable diseases, 350
Conemaugh Township (Somerset); Chicken pox, Smallpox, Typhoid fever,
401; Water supply, 808
Conemaugh and Franklin Water Co.: Sources and watershed inspection, .. 965
Conemaugh River: Sanitary survev of watershed, 977
Conestoga Creek (cf. Big Conestoga Creek): As a water supply, watershed
inspection, 943,961
Conewago: School inspection , 273
Conewago Township (Adams): School inspection, 273; Water examined, .. 678
Conewago Township (York) : School inspection , 279
Conewago Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection , 965,974
Conewago Township (See also State Hos. for the Insane.): School inspection,
279 ; Communicable diseases, 411 ,412,413
Conewango Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed , 974
Conferences, etc., attended by representatives of the Department, 102,104
Conflagration: Deaths, by age, 455; urban and rural and in certain cities, 479,487
Confluence: Nuisances, etc.^ 770; Water examined, 581; Water supply, .. 803
Congenital defects and debility: see Cleft palate. Club foot. Heart malfor-
mations, etc.
Conation. Pulmonary: Deaths, 452,476,484
Conjunctivitis, in school children, 262,267
Conneaut Lake (Borough): Sanitary survey, 975; Waterworks permit, 803;
sources, 851
Conneaut lAke : As a water supply , watershed inspection , 965
Conneaut Township (Crawford) : School inspection, 275
Conneaut Township (Erie): School inspection, 275
Conneautville: Waterworks permits, 803; sources, 851
Connellsville:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 65; Cases of the year, 608; Deaths, by months,
443; by age, iSS; 461; from certain causes, 464,469
Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and illegitimate, 532; Nuisances,
etc 771
Smallpox from a circus, 242
Water examined, 579: water supply and watershed inspection, 783,
939, 942, 964, ; Sewerage plans and permits, 873,902
(and South Connellsville): Special report on the outbreak of typhoid
fever, 988
Connellsville Township: School inspection, 276 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773
C JbnneUsville Water Company: Sources, filter plant and operation, water-
shed inspection, 783, 939, 942, 964: Special investigation, 990
Connoquenessing: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 678
Connoquessing Creek: As a water supply, 943
Conococheague Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed 974
Conococheague Creek: (West Branch), As an ice supply, inspection of the
watershed , 978
Conoy Township: School inspection, 276
Conshohocken : Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 609;
plurnl and illegitimate, 532; Sanitary survey. 975; Water supply 808
Consolidated Water Co. of Ooudersport: Permit, 803; sources, 856
Consolidation Coal Co.: Waterworks permit, sources, filter plant, ..774,790,803,
851,869
Construction work, of the Division of Sanitary Engineering, 952
Convulsions, Puerperal: See also Puerperal affections: Deaths, by age, 453;
urban and rural, and in certain cities, 478,485
Digitized by
Google
I4ad INDEX. Off. Doo.
GonvuIsioDS Nonpuerperal: Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, 475,483
Convulsions of Infants: Deaths, by age, 451 ; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 475, 483; in the State and in cities over 100,000, in the first
year, by days, weeks, 'months, 4B^^1
Conway (cf. Beaver Valley Water Co.): Waterworks permit, 803; sources,
861; School inspection, 273
Conyngham : School inspection , 277
Conyngham Township (Columbia): Measles, 325; Diphtheria, Scarlet fever, 329
Conynghan Township (Luzerne): School inspection, 2T7; Water supply, .. 803
Cook Township (Cumberland): School inspection, 275
C'Ook Township (Westmoreland): School inspection, 2?9
Coolbaugh Township: School inspection, 277
Cooley Township: School ins];)ection , 'JT**
Coolspring: Chicken pox, 340
Coolspring Township: School inspection, 277
Cooper Township: School inspection, 277
Cooperation: Notes on the relation of the Department to physicinns and the
general public 291,202,305,308,300.313,320,326,340,349 390.365,306,380,400.402
Coopersburg: School inspection, 277; Water examined 580; Waterworks
permit, 803; sources, 851
Cooperstown: School inspection, 278; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, 9«
Coopersville (Philadelphia) : Water supply, 1018
Copies, Certified, of records issued 429
Coplay : Nuisances, etc. , 770 ; Water supply, 783.903
Copper Sulphate: Use at Kutztown, 1015 ; at Reading, IW
Copper sulphate and bacteria, lOW
Coraopolis : —
Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and il-
legitimate, 532; Water examined, 578; Waterworks permit, 9CR:
sources, 851 ; Sewerage plans and permits 781 .805.873, MS
Corinthian Reservoir, in the Philadelphia Water Ssrstem, 1188, 1189. 13^4
Corneal scars, in school children, 26S.26fl
Complanter: School inspection T^
Complanter Township: Nuisance referred to counsel, Uio
Complanter Reservation: Measles, Chicken pox, 41"J
Cornwall Township: School inspection 2?^
Corporation reports, Concerning water or sewage, Tff
Corry (and vicinity), see also J. W. and A. P. Howard, and Co. Ltd.
Corry:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months,
443; Births, by sex and month, 509; i^ural and illegitimftte, 532:
Nuisances, etc., 771; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,873,8M,8B7 OV
Corsica : School inspection , 276 ; Water examined , 5Hf
Corydon Township (McKean): School inspection, 2r
Corydon Township (Warren): School inspection, 279; Fumigation troubles, 41!
Cottage: Smallpox, 34"
Coudersport: —
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58, 599; cases of the year, 606; School in-
spection, 278; Diphtheria, 385; Water supply, 808; Sewerage plan.^ and
permits 866.873,894. 807 .WC
Cough in Tuberculosis: Effect. of treatment with the biological products of
the tubercle bacillus at Mont Alto, 672, 674, 676: at Cresaon, 0M,6P6.«H
Counsel, Concerned with special cases, (pollutions, etc.,) HM
County Medical Inspectors: 10, 14: Abstracts of reports; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 283:
Comments on their reports, 83; Summary of their regulation of communi-
cable diseases, 186 ; Special inspections made by the General Inspector, . . 115
Counties: See Rural births, etc.
Courtdale: School inspection, 277; Water supply Bff
Covington: School inspection , 7>
Covington Township (Lackawanna): School inspection, 276; Typnotd fever, SST
Covington Township (Tioga): Measles #«
r^wanshannock Township: Measles, 9i
Coxitis, as a fatal complication at Mont Alto. (BI
Crabtree: Water supply and watershed inspection, 9^
Crafton: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 803; Sewerage plans and
permits 873.9(C
Cramer, Dr. M. J., Dispensary Physician, m
Cranberry Township (Butler): School inspection Ti
Cranberrv Township (Venango): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc..
773; Water supply W
Cranesville: Diphtheria, Measles, 3X
Crawford C^untv:-—
Countv Medical Inspector, i*
Township Health Officers, !■
School Medical Inspectors, S'
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONElt OF HEALTH. 1403
Local Registrars, 42
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 54
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, .. 327
Smnmanr of work of Health OflScers, 42Q
Deaths (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 400,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 047,090
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanator-
ium 008
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Crawford Township: School Inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 772
Creekside: Typhoid fever, 349
Creighton : Water examined, 578 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773
Crescent Township: School inspection, 273
Crescentville (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Cress, see Water cress.
Cressmger, Dr. J. B.. Dispensary Physician, 57
Cressman, Philip, (Perkasie): Sewerage plans and permits, and plant, ..780,873,894,
890.954
Cresson:—
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; School inspection, 274; Water examined,
578: Water supply and waterworks permit, 803, 853; Sewerage plans and
permits, 873,894,908
Cresson Township: Water supply, 804
Cresson Cemetery Association sets aside ground for the use of the Sanator-
ium, 920
Cresson Sanatorium, see Pennsylvania State Sanatorium, etc.
Cresson Water Co.: Permit, 804; sources 850
Cressona: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 804
Cribs (cf. Filter plants), 859
Crist, Dr. G. C, Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12, 59; on duty at
Gettysburg, 146
Crosby Gas Co. : Waterworks permit, 804 ; sources, 851
Cross Creek Township: School inspection, 279
Crosseye, see Strabismus.
Cross Roads: School inspection, 279: Sanitary survey, 975
Croup, Membraneous croup, see Diphtheria.
Crow, Lt. Ralph C, Aid at Gettysburg 142,147,148
Croyle Township: School inspection 274
Crum Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 945,901,973
Crum Creek filter plant of the Springfield Consolidated Water Co.: Improve-
ment, 969
Crum Lynne: Nuisances, etc., 770
Crushing (see also Traumatism): Deaths (accidental or suicidal), ..440,455,479,480,487
Crystal Lake Watershed: As a water supply, 945
Crystal Pure Water Co . : Sources and watershed inspection , 967
Cumberland County: —
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 19
School Medical Inspectors, 29
Local Registrars , 42
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 54
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseasos, and regulation of dairies because of them, .. 328
Summary of work of Health Officers, 428
Deaths (rural) , by months, 447 ; from certain causes 460,471
Rural births by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913), 670
School inspection in Fourth Glass Districts, 275; Normal and defective
school children, by sex and nativity, 284
I Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,090
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 683
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Cumberland Township (Adams): School inspection 273
Cumberland Township, (Greene): School inspection, 276; Sanitary survey, 974
Cumberland Valley Township: Water supply, 804
Cumberland Valley Railroad: Sanitary survey of watershed of ice supply, 978
Cumbola: Sanitary survey, 976
Digitized by
Google
1464 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Cummings, C. Howe: Assistant Engineer, 77; Investigation at Kutxtown,
1013; In court, 1406
Cummings Township: School inspection, 377
Cumru Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Measles,
295 ; Smallpox 296
Curb Market (Philadelphia) : Source of vegetables , 1255
Ciirllsville: School inspection, 274
Curtin Township : School inspection , 274 ; Whooping cough 316
Curtis (J. G.) Jjeather Co.: Waterworks permit, 804; sources 851
Curwensville: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 771
Cussewago Township: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 519
Cynwyd, Water examined, 960
Da^scahonda: Water examined, 579; Typhoid fever, 3M
Dairies: Regulation because of communicable disease, 186; see also the
abstracts of reports for the counties, 283
Dairy inspection regarding supplies for Mont Alto, CSS
Daisy town: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913), 227
Dale: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey,
975; Water supply, 804; Diphtheria (1912-1913>, 23?
Dallas: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770, 772; Water supply
(see also B. W. Brickel) 8M
Dallas Township : School inspection , 277 ; Scarlet fever, 388
Dallas Water Co.: Permit, 804; sources, 851
Dallastown: ^>chool inspection, 279; Water examined, 581; Water supply, 785,8M,9n0
Dalmatia: School inspection, 2TT
Dalton : School inspection , 276
Dalton Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, HI
Damascus Township: Nuisances, etc 772
Dana, Dr. L. W., Dispensary Physician, 56
Danielsville: Nuisances, etc., 774
Danville, see also State Hospital for the Insane:—
Tuberculosis Dispensary. 57; cases of the year, 005: Deaths, by months,
443 J Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and illegitimate, 532;
Nuisances, etc.. 770; Wnter examined, 580: Water supply, p^^rmits,
sources, filter plant and operation, 778. 783, 790, 791, 804, 85?{, 859. 939.
941, 942; Sewerage plans and permits, ^ 873,894.697.900
Darby: —
Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 509; ploral and
illegitimate, 532; Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia. 1303;
Nuisances, etc., 770;Water supply, 8(4; Sewerage plans and permits, 9fl6.<3
894,607.900
Darby Township : Nuisances , etc . . 770 : Water supply, 6M
Darby Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 973,974
Darling, see Glen Mills Schools.
Darlington : School inspection 273
Darlington Township: School inspection 273
Daugherty Township: School inspection, 273; Water examin<Hi, 578
Dauphin County: —
County Medical Inspector 15
Township Health Officers »
School Medical Inspectors, 5fl
Ix>cal Registrars, ^
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, ., SJn
Summary of work of Health Officers .^ **
Deaths (rural), by months 447: from certain causes ifB,€^
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illesritimate M*
Marriages, by months. 568 : rate, by years (1908-1913) 5?»
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275: Normal and defective
school children , by sex and nativity , SH
Water samples examined in the liaboratories, 571
Patients treated in the Sanatoria. SP.*;
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium . g<
Maps drawn or revised, .; • v; • •■ "• • • • • • • ♦.• • ;j/ • ♦ • : ;
Dauphin: School inspection, 275; Sanitary survey. 975* Diphthem, Typhoid
fever 331; Wator examined, 579: Water supply and watershed inspection. 9n5.»t
Dauphin Consolidated Water Supply Co., Permit, sources, filter plant
and operation, water.shrd inspection, and patrol. ....783,805,856.R59,939,W2.«4.rr
Davies, Emlen. Pharmacist at Mont Alto. •;
Davies Dr. William T., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, .*
Pavis/Dr. Walter, Dispensary Physician 5J
Davison Township: School inspection .....^^...^... •>
Dawson: School bspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., //O; Waterworks r^nnit.
806 ; sources, • ,• ■ ;• «-- S
Dayton: Water examined, r' - : Srwerngc plans and permits, K3.S*
Digitized by VjOOQlC
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1405
Dean Township: School inspection, 274
Deanville : School inspection, 273
Deaths, General tables for 1913 441
Deaths and death rates (19061913), 430; by months and quaiters, 430; for
certain age groups (1906-1913\ 431; for certain groups of diseases (inter-
national classification) (1906-1913) 430; for certain diseases and groups
(1906-1913), 431-440
Deaths: —
Among Dispensary patients, 613,614
At the Mont Alto Sanatorium 631, 640, Wl, 642,643,644,648
Among patients discharged from Mont Alto and later traced, 660
At the Cresson Sanatorium, 685,686,687,668
Among cases^of Diphtheria treated with antitoxin, 711,716,717,720,721,722
From Tetanus after treatment with antitoxin, 737,738
Deaths at Mont Alto: Complications as causes, 631
Debility, Congenital, etc., as a cause of death, 454,468,478,479,486,490-602
Decatur Township (Clearfield) : School inspection , 276
Decatur Township (Mifflin) : School inspection, 277 ; Measles, 375
Decrees, see Permits.
Deerfield Township: School inspection , 279
Defective school children , by counties , sex and nativity 264
Defects, found in pupils of Fourth Class Districts, 260,262,266,267; report
concjernine treatment 271
Deformities, liodily found in school children, 203, 266, 269; reported im-
provement 271
Delano Township: Measles, 390; Whooping cough, 396; Water supply, 805
Delaware County :—
County Medical Inspector, 15
Town.ship Health Officers, 19
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars, 43
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 331
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths (rural) , by months, 447 ; from certain causes, 465,471
Rural births, by sex ana month. 521; plural and illegitimate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275; Normal and defective
school children , by sex and nativity , 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Di8i)ensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, ^ 777
Delaware County House of Employment; Sewerage plans, permits and
plant, 786,873,896,967
Delaware Township (Juniata): Sr!.'.'. mspiction 276
Delaware Township (Pike): Water supply 805
Delaware River: As a water supply, 943, 945, 1033; Sanitary survey of
waterahed 977
Delaware River and the Torresdale filter plant, 1041 ; filtration at Torres-
dale , 1264
Delaware Water Gap, School insnection , 277 ; Nuisances, etc. , 772
**Delaware Works," former pumping station (Philadelphia), lOK
Delmar To^-nship: School inspection, 278; Chicken pox, 407
Delmont Land Co., see Dormont.
Delta : Water examined , 581
Denison Township: School inspection, , 277
Dent Run: Chicken pox 334
Denver: School uispection, 276 ; Waterworks permit 805 : sources, 856
I»epartment of Health, Organization, 5, 112, (see also the various Divisions) ;
Act of Assembly regarding its relation to boroughs and townships not hav-
ing active Boards of Health, HI
Dermady Sanatorium: Scwerajre plans and permits, plant and operation, 787,873,
896,954
Dermatitis herpetiformis: Report of an inspection, 255
Derry: School inspecticm, 279; Water supply and watershed inspection, 964;
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 785,874,894,896,954,967
Derry Township (Dauphin): School inspection, 275; Water supply, 805
Derry Township (Mifflin) : Measles, 375 ; Smallpox, 376
Derry Township (Westmoreland) : Nuisances, etc. , 774 ; Measles, 419
Derry Church: Nuisances, etc., 774
Derry Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection 994
Design and construction work of the Division of Sanitary Ehigineering, 902
Devon: Nuisances, etc., 772, 773; Water examined, 579
Digitized by
Google
14« INDEX. Off. Doc.
Devon (Citizens) : Sewerage plans and permits, 874,897,896
Devon Drainage Association (Devon Sewage Co.): Plant and operation,
786, 954; Litigation, 114,1418
Diabetes: Deaths, by age, 4d0; State, urban and rural,' and in part by
color, 4fl3 ; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474,482
Diamond Water C5o . of Hazleton : Permits, etc. , 805 ; sources 856
Diarrhoea and Enteritis: Deaths by age, 452; urban and rural, and in part
by color, 46S; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477, 485; in the
State and in cities over 100,000, by months and in part by color, 495-498;
in such in the first year, by days, weeks, months, 409-502
Dickerson Run Water Co. : Permit etc. , 805 ; sources, 851
Dickinson Township: School inspection, 275
Dickson, Dr. J. R., C. M. I., Adams County, 14; Abstract of reports, 283;
Dispensary Physician, 52; on duty at Gettysburg, 145
Dickson Ci^:—
Deaths, by months. 443; Births, by sex and month, 509, plural and il-
legitimate 633; Poliomyelitis, 357; Water examined, 580; Water supply,
805; Sewerage plans and permits, 874,804,902
Digestive System, Diseases of the: Deaths, (19061913), 430; and rate (1906-
1913), 431, 439; by age^ 452; urban and rural and in certain cities, 476,484
Dillsburg: School inspection, 279; Water examined, 581; Water supply, 805;
permit, 805 ; sources, 851
Dimm, Dr. C. H., C. M. I., Union County, 15: Abstract of reports, 408;
Dispensary Physician, 58
Dimock: Nuisances, etc., 772
Dimock Township: School inspection, 278
Dingman Township: School inspection, 278
Dingmans Ferry: Water supply, 80f
Dingmans Ferry Water Co., Permit, 805; sources, 853; Watershed patrol, 97i
Diphtheria (Bacteriological) , Laboratory examinations , 582
Diphtheria :—
Morbidity (1906-1913,) 553; urban and rural, by months, 554; by months
(1906-1913), and urban and rural, 558; Morbidity tables, urban, rural,
by sex, age, etc., 558, 559; Johnstown and county (1909-1913) 217
Mortality: Death rate (1906-1913), 432; Deaths by months, and sex and '
age (190^1913), 433
Diphtheria, Deaths, by age, 449; State, urban and rural and in part by
color, 463; urban and rural and in certain cities, 473, 481; in cities over
100,000, by age, and in part by color, 489 403 ; in the Sbite and in such cities
by month and in part of color 495-498; and in the lirst year, by days, weeks,
monthsj 490-501
Diphtheria : —
In the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 632
Found in school inspections, 263; not fully reported (Chester Co.) 318;
General, 188; Quarantine, etc., 186; Outbreaks, 182; Investigation in
Johnstown, 216; Diphtheria and the country doctor. Views of a C. M.
Diphtheria --^Notes on" rural* cases in the counties V283;287i289;232i293^295",296',299
306,310,312,313,316,318,321,325,327,328,331,333,334,336,339,340,342,344,345,348.350,351,
354,356,359,361,368,368,371,372,375,376,378,379,381,382,383,3»l.385,387, 389.396,388,399,
401,403,405,407,408,410.411,413,415,416,418,419,420,422,424,425
Diphtheria Antitoxin: Distributors, 68; Distribution, use and results, 706,734
Diseases: Morbidity and Mortality, see under General, Epidemic, Communi-
cable, and the individual diseases of the International List.
Dishes. See Eating utensils.
Disinfectants, shipped (by Division of Supplies) 1439, Sec Formaldehyde,
Hypochlorite of lime, etc.
Disinfection of dwellings because of the tuberculous, more frequent, 84
Dispensaries, Subdivision of Tuberculosis Dispensaries: Executive Staff,
Physicians, Nurses, etx?., 11,52
Report, 599 ; Expenditures, 1426,1432
Dispensary use of Tubercle Bacilli Products, (1909-1913), 741.745,751,757
Dispensary Nurses, (see report of the Medical Inspector of Dispensaries):
Work in tracing patients discharged from Mont Alto, 155,6i0
Dispensary attendance of patients discharged from Mont Alto and later
traced, 652,683
Disseminated Tuberculosis (see also Tuberculosis): Deaths, percentage of all
deaths from Tuberculosis, 437; by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, :'-:i^:':: 474,482
Distribution of Biological Products, see under Divisions.
Distributors of Antitoxins, 68, 705, 735; Commission, 706
Divisions (see also Commissioner, Advisory Board):—
General: Members, 5, 10, 13; reports, 109.117
Of Accounting and Purchasing: Staff, 80; report, 1421
For the Control of Tuberculosis: Staffs etc., 11, 5B, 59, 64; reports, 599,628,
649,696,690,601
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1467
Of DiBtribution of Biological Products: Staff and distributors, 68; report, 708
Of Laboratories and Experimental Station : Staff, 51 ; report, ff73
Of Medical Inspection: Staff, etc., 10, 13; Reports, 180,189,250,281
Of Sanitary Engineering: Staff, etc., 12, 77; report, 763
Of Statistics: Staff, etc., 37, 81; report, 429
Of Supplies: Office Staff, SO; report, 1439
Divorced persons, as brides or grooms of the year, by age, 572
Dixon, Dr. Samuel G. , Commissioner of Heidth, 13
Letter of Transmittal , 3 ; Report, 6
On duty at Gettysburg, and Memorandum concerning the aid of the De-
partment at the celebration of the semiceutenary of the battle of
Gettysburg, 117
Comments on the work of the Department, 81
Attendance at meetings, conferences, etc., public addresses, etc., 102
Laboratory studies and researches (with J. B. Rucker, Jr.), 584
"Dixon's fluid:" Use at Mont Alto, 652, 666, 741, 745- at Cresson, 691, 700,
741, 745; Summary, 94, 95; Use in the Dispensaries, 745
Dixmont, see 'W. Fenna Hospital for the Insane.
Do(?ks, Fee Wharves and Bulkheads.
Dolley, Dr. Oilman C. , Bacteriologist at Mont Alto, 12,60
Donations to Mont Alto, 638 ; to the Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 602
Donegal : School inspection, 279
Donegal Township (Butler) : School inspection , 274
Donegal Township (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279; Water examined, 581
Donnelly: Typhoid fever, 419; Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Donora (and vicinity): See also American Steel and Wire Co.: —
Deaths, by months, 443; Births by sex and month; 509; plural and il-
legitimate, 533; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 784, 806, 942; Sewer-
age plans and permits, 874,894,897,900
Donora Water Co. (cf. Tri-Oties Water Co.): Permit, 805; sources, 863;
filter plant . 899
Doors in scnools, *. 272
Dormont: School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits, 785, 874,
891, 896 ; Sewage treatment plant and operation . ^ 964
Dorranceton: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 805; Sewerage plans and
permits, 874,894,900
Doty Hill: School inspection, 273
Douglas, Dr. W. T., Dispensary Physician, 65
Douglas Township: School inspection, .p 273
Douglasville: Water examined, 678
Dover: School inspection, 279; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, sources, 861
Downingtown: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever attributed to Phila-
delphia, 1302; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, and watershed in-
spection, 964; Water supply, pollution referred to Counsel, 1414
Doylesto^vn: Tuberculosis Dispensary. 53; cases of the year, 605; School
inspection, 274: Scarlet fever, 307; Typhoid fever attributed to Phila-
delphia, 1302; Water examined, 578; Waterworks permit, 805; sources,
856 ; watershed inspection and patrol, ; 962,972
Doylestown Township: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 774
Doylestown Sewerage Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and opera-
tion, 786,874,894,896,954
Draughting room : Work of the year, 776
Draughtsmen, 12,78
Dravosburg: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770
Drcher Township: School inspection , 279
Driftwood: School inspection, 274
Drinking Cups or vessels. Regulations concerning, 81
Drinking cups, etc., in the public schools, 272
Drocton Land Co . : Sewerage plans and permits, 874,894,902
Drowning, Accidental deaths (1906-1913), 440: accidental or suicidal, 455 (by
age); 479, 487 (urban and rural and in certain cities).
Driunore Township : School inspection , 276
Drury Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 191,968
Dry ton : Water examint^d , 680
Dual pipe connections in relation to the pollution of the Philadelphia water
supply, 1062,1090,1091,1135,1184,1203,1208,1231,1247,1248
Dublin : School inspwtion, 274
Dublin Township (Fulton) : School inspection , 276
Dublin Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 276
DuBois, John E.: Waterworks permit, 805; sources, 856
l>uBoi8 : —
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54 : cases of the year, 607
Deaths, by months, 443; by ape, 458, 461; from certain causes. 464, 469;
Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and illegitimate, 533; Nuisances,
etc., 770; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Waterworks permit, 805:
sources 853; watershed inspection etc., 965, 972; Sewerage plans and
permits , 874,902
DuBoistown: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 771
Digitized by
Google
1468 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Ducks at the Sanatoria: Cresson 684; Mont Alto, 636
Dudley: Water examined, 580
Duhring's disease, see Dermatitis herpetiformis.
Dumping grounds (see also Night-soil etc.,): Complaints 771; inspections, .. 773
Dunbar: School inspection, 276
Dunbar Township: Water supply. 805; Water examined, 579; Typhoid fever, 337
Dunbar Furnace: Diphtheria, 339
Duncannon: School inspection. 278; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey,
975; Water supply, 806
Duncansville : School inspection , 273, Sanitary survey 975
Dundatt: School inspection, 278
Dunkard Township: School inspection, 276
Dunmore: —
Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 46t. 469;
Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and illegitimate, 533; Smallpox,
356; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Sewerage plans and permits, 874,894,^9
Dunstable Township: School inspection, 275
Dupont: Nuisances, etc. , 774
Duquesne: —
Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 461, 469;
Births, by sex and month, 509; plural and Illegitimate, 533; Nuisances,
etc., 770; Chamber of Commerce addressed by the Commissioner, 108
Sewerage plana and permits, 780,867,874,894,900
Durham : Scarlet fever. 307
Durham Township: School inspection, 274
Duryea:—
Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 510; plural and illeg-
itimate, 533; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 806; Sewerage plans
and p rmits, : 874,894,900
Dnshore: School inspection, 278; Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the
year, 000; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 002; Sanitai-y survey, 975; Water ex-
amined, 581 ; Water supply and watershed inspection , 965
Dushore Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 965
Dusting, in schools, 272
Dyberry Township : School inspection , 279
Dyberry Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed , 974
D.vsart, A. P., Siwcrage plans and permits, 874,894,899
Dysentery (Epidemic): Morbidity (1906-1913), 553 (cf. Errata); Morbidity,
urban and rural, by months, s 554
Dysentery:
jAuruility: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain cities,
473, 481 ; in the State and in cities over 100,000, in the first year by
days, weeks, months, 499-501 ; Special report on an outbreak at Arnot.
978; in Millcreek Township 336; in McKean Co., 371
Eagle Point: Water examined, 580
Eagles Mere: Water supply, 783,806,942; Sewerage plans and permits, ..874,894,902
Eagles Mere Water Co.: Permit, 806; sources, 8,}6, 858: filter plant and
operation, .' 783,859,^2
Eagles Mere Lake: As a water supply, 913
Eaglesvillc, see Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium.
K: r: D^f'cts in school children, 262
Ears, Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 451 ; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 475,483
Earl Township: School inspection, 276
East Bangor: Sanitary survey, 975
East Berlin (Adams): School inspection, 273; Water supply and watershed
Inspection, 965
East Berlin (Allegheny): Water examined, 578
East Bethlehem Township (see also Vesta Coal Co.): Water supply, 806
East Bradford : Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia 130?
East Bradford Township: School inspection, 274; Nuisance referred to coun-
sel, 1414: Nuisances, etc., 773
East Brady: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, 321; Water supply, 806;
Sewerage plans and permits, 875,894,898
East Brady Waterworks Co . : Permits, 806 ; sources 851
East Branch, See Brandy wine Creek, Little Antietam Creek.
East Brandy wine Township, School inspection , 274
East Brunswick Township: School inspection, 278; Measles, Whooping
cough, 390,396
East Buffalo Township: School inspection, 278; Nuisnncos, etc., 775
East Cain Township: School inspection 274
East Carroll Township: School inspection 274
East Conemaugh: Deaths, by months, 44:5; Births, by sex and month, 510;
plural and illegitimate, 533; Water examined, 578: Water supply and water-
shed inspection , 965
East Coventry Township: School inspection, 274
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 14^
East Deer Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773; Typhoid
fever, 1378, 1380, 1382: Water supply, 808
East Donegal Township: School inspection, 276; Water supply 806
East Donegal Water Co.: Permit, 806; sources, 851
Fast Downingtown: Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302
East Drumore Township: School inspection, 276
East End Sewer Company, (Sunbury): Sewerage plans and permits, 875,898
East Fairfield Township: School inspection, 275
East FaUowfield Township (Chester): School inspection, 274; Measles, 318;
Nuisances, etc. , 773
East FaUowfield Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275
East Franklin Township : School inspection, 273
East Goshen Township: School inspection , 274
East Greenville: Water examined, 580; Waterworks permits, 806; sources,
filter plant and operation, 779,783,790,791,806,863,850,»39,W2
Fast Hempfield Township : School inspection , 276
East Hickory: Water examined , fi?79
East HopewcU Township: School inspection, 279
E-«r Ji'intingdon Township (see also Rocktown): Nuisances, etc., 775;
MeaBles, 419
East Johnsonburg: Water supply (Typhoid fever) , 1007,1011
East Keating Township: School inspection , 275
East Lansdowne: Nuisances, etc., 770; Sew^erage plans and permits, 866,875,895,900
East Liberty : Nuisances, etc. , 774
East McKeesport: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 806; Sewerage plans
and permits, 781,867,875,895,900
East McKeesport Water Co.: Permit etc., 806; sources, 856; watershed
patrol, 972
East Mahanoy Township: Measles, 390, 396; Scarlet fever, 390
Fast Mahoning Township: School inspection, 276; Communicable diseases, 350
East Mahoning Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968
Fast Manchester Township: School inspection, 279
Eiast Marlboro Township: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 579
East Mauch Chunk: School inspection, 274; Smallpox, 302; Water supply,
806 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 875,895,808
East Mead Township: School inspection, 275
East Mere Water Co.: Permits etc.^ 806; sources, 853
East Norriton Township: Water examined, 580
East Norwegian Township: School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581
East Nottingham Township: School inspection, 274
Piast Penn Township: School inspection, 274
East Pennsboro Township: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 772, 773;
Water supply, 807
East Pikeland Township : School inspection , 274
East Pike Run Township: School inspection, 279 ; Nuisances etc. , 774
East Pittsburgh: Deaths, by months, 443- Births, by sex and month, 510:
plural and illegitimate, 533 ; Water supply, 807
Fast Prospect: Sanitary survey, 975 ; Water examined , 581
East Rochester: School inspection, 273
East Rockhill Township: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 773;
Chicken pox, Measles, 308; Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1303
r^ast Side (Carbon): School inspection 274
East Springfield: School inspection, 275
East Stroudsburg (see also A. R. Brittain, et. al.): School inspection, 277;
Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Water examined, 580; Sewerage plans and
permits 875,898
East Taylor Township: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913), 227
East Union Township: School inspection, 278; Sanitary survey, 976; Typhoid
fever 388 ; Water supply, 807
East Vandergrift: School inspection, 279
East Vincent Township, (cf. Spring City )(see also East Penna. State
Institution for F. M. and E.): School inspection, 274; Water examined,
579 ; Water supply, 807
East Washington: School inspection, 279; Sewerage plans, permits and
plant (see also Washington), 785,875,896
East Wajmesburg: School inspection, ?n 278
East Wheatfield Township: Communicable diseases, 348,350
East Wheatfield Water Co.: Sources and watershed inspection, 970
East Whiteland Township: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever attributed
to Philadelphia, 1302
East WilkinsDurg Improvement Co. : Sewerage plans and permits, 875,865,899
Easton: —
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913,) 745; cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458,
461 ; from certain causes, 464, 469: from each cause and class of causes,
473; Births, by sex and month, 510; plural and illegitimate, 533; Water
examined, 581 ; Water supply, 807 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 875,895,897,898
Digitized by
Google
1470 INDEX. Off. Doc
Easttown Township, see also Devon (Citizens): School inspection, 274;
Nuisances, etc., 773; Measles, 318; Whooping cough, 320; Typhoid fever
attributed to Philadelphia, 1302; Water supply, 807; Sewage disposal
plant. Litigation, 114,1416
Eascvaie: ISeiiool inspection, 273; Water e^Lamined, o<'8
Eastern Pennsylvania fcJtate Institution for the Feeble-Minded and Ep-
ileptic: Waterworks permit, 806; sources, 856; hlter plant, 8j4^; iSewerage
permits and plans, treatment plant and operation, 780,8^5,896,951
Eating uteusUs, Kegulution concerning their use in public eating places, 8l
Eaton Township: Measles, 421
Eau Claire; {School inspection, 274
KDensDurg: Water supply and watershed inspection, Wti
Ebensburg Coal Co. : Waterworks permit, 807 ; sources, 853
liiChard, Dr. T. B.. Dispensary Physician, 55
Eclampsia, see Convulsions.
Economy Township: School inspection. 273
Eczema, found in the inspection of school children, 263,260
Eden Township: School inspection, 2i6
i?:denburg: School inspection, 274
Eddington, see St. l^'rancis Industrial School.
Eddystone: School inspection, '2t6; Water supply, 807; Sewerage plans and
permits, 875,8»o,897,902
Edgemont Township: School inspection, 275
Kdgemont Water Co.: Permits, 807; sources, 853
Edgewood: School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, 807
Edgeworth: School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits 875,»M
Edinboro: School inspeciiou, 2/5; Sanitary survey, 975; Waterworks permits,
sources, watershed inspection, etc., 807, 851, 965, 972; Sewerage plans
and permits, (see also Northwestern State Normal School), 78O,8bi,8Vd,btfd,897,900
Edith Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 06ft
Edwards, Dr. J. F., Dispensary Physician, 53
Edwards ville : Deaths, by mouuis, 44^; Jbirius, by sex and month, 510; plural
and illegitimate. 533; Water examined, 380; Water supply. 807; Sewerage
plans and permits, 780,&O6,87d,895,9Q2
Egeiman "Heservoir," as a water supply, watershed inspection, aCi
Ehler, Ei W., 37.146
Khrenf eld : Water supply and watershed inspection , 070
Elco: School inspection, 279
Elder Township: School inspection, 274
IJderton: Scnool inspection, 273
Eidred : \Vater supply, b07 ; Water examined, 580 ; Typhoid fever, 371
Eldred Township (Jeuerson) : School inspection, 276
Eldred Township: (L.ycoming): School inspection 277
Eldred Township (McKeanj: School inspection, 277
Eldred Township (Monroe) : School inspection, 277
Eldred Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Mumps, Pneumonia, 306
Eldred Township (Warren): School inspection, 279; Mumps, 411; Scarlet
fever, 412
Electric power at the Cresson Sanatorium, 929
Electricity (lighting excepted): Deaths, by age, 456.; u.ban and rural, and
m ctiriain citiea, 480,4S7
Elizabeth, etc.: Water supply, 783,942
Elizabethtown: Nuisances, etc., 770
l^lizabeth ville: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey,
975; Water examined, 579; Water supply and watershed inspection, 965:
Sewerage plans and permits, 867,875,896
EHizabeth ville Water Co . : Sources and watershed inspection, 065
Elk County:—
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health utucers, 19
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars, 43
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 333
Summary of work of Health Otficers 436
Deaths, (rural) by mouths, 447; from certain causes, 468.471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 516
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275; normal and defective
school children, by sex and nativity, 351
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 570
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, ^"'£?
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 6g
Maps drawn or revised, «<<
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HBALTH. ICl
Elk Township (Clarion): School inspection, 275
Elk Township moga): School inspection, 278
Elk Township (Warren), (cf. Cornplanter Reservation): School inspection. .. 279
Elk Creek Township: School inspection. 275
Elk Tannine Co. : Sewage Treatment Plant and Operation, 787,954
Mkland: School inspection, 278
Clkland Township: School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever. Diphtheria, 403
Elk lick Township: Smallpox, 401
Elkwood Sewerage Company: Sewerage plans and permits 875,902
Ellenberffer, Dr. J. W. E., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto and Cresson, 12,60,64
Ellsworth: School inspection, 279 ; Scarlet fever, 414 ; Water examined 581
EUwood City: School inspection, 276; Water examined, 580; Water supplv.
783, 807^039, 942; Sewerage plans and permits, 875,895,897
EUwood water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, and operation, 778,783,807,853
859,939,942
Elmhnrst: School inspection, 276
Elss Mines: Scarlet fever, 321
Elverson: Water examined, 579
Elwyn, see Pennsylvania Training School F. M. O.
Elk, Moses K., Chief Field Inspector, 77
Emans: School inspection, 277; Waterworks permits (cf. Mountain Water
Co.), 807; sources, 851
Embolism and thrombosis: Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in
certain dtiee, 476,4«
Embreeville (Hospital for the Insane) (Chester) : Smallpox, 319
Emeigh: Water examined, 578
Emerald: Nuisances, etc. , 774; Water examined, 580
Emerson, Charles A., Jr., Assistant Engineer, 77; on duty at Gettysburg, 145
Emergency Fund and Expenditures, 1421,1422
Emergency Hospital etc. , at the Gettysburg Anniversary 139, 149
Emlenton: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 807; Sewerage plans and
permits, 876,895,902
Emlenton Water Co . : Permit, sources , filter plant, etc. 779,807,856
Emporium: Tuberculosis Dispensary, ^; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913). 745; cases of the year, O05; School inspection, 274; Lecture
on Tuberculosis, 602; Water supply, 808; Sewerage plans and permits, .. 876,898
Emporium Water Co. : Permits, 808 ; sources, 853 ; filter plant, 859
Emphysema, Pulmonary: Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, 476,484
Emsworth: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 806; Sewerage plans and
permits. 876,895,902
Encephalitifl (see also Brain): Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and
in certain cities 475,483
Ehidarteritis, Syphilitic: as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Endocarditis: Deaths, by aee, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities,
475, 483 ; as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Engineers of the Division of Sanitary Engineering:
Chief, see F. Herbert Snow, Assistant Engineers, 12,77
Engineering Assistants, 77
Ennis, W. H. , Assistant Engineer, 77
Spedal investigation, aid, or reports: 958; (Amot) 978; (Franklin etc.,)
996; (Fullerton, etc.,) 214, 1004; (Perkiomen Creek etc.,) 1369; (Ranch-
town), 1365
Enola: Water supply, 783, 806, 939, 942; water examined, 579; nuisances,
etc. , 773
Enola Realty Co.: Sewage Treatment Plant and Operation, 786,954
Bnon Valley: School inspection, 276 ; Diphtheria, 361
Enteritis (see also Diarrhoea): as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Entriken: Water examined, 580
Ephrata: Waterworks permit, 806; sources, 851; Water examined, 580;
Sdiool inspection, 276
Epidemic Dysentery, see Dysentery.
Epidemic Meningitis: (Quarantine, etc., 186
Epidemics: (mostiy Typhoid fever )with special reports by the Sanitary
Engineers, 978; special reports of the Division of Medical Inspection 181,180
C^Hnment on those of the year 82
Epidemic diseases (espcUmve of Typhoid fever and certain others):
Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 473, 481;
in cities over 100,000, by age, and in part by color, 489-494
Epilepsy: Deaths, by age, 451 ; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,
483; found in school children, 262.268
Erie County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 19
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars, 43
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Digitized by
Google
1472 INDEX. Off. Doc
Tuberculosis Dispensary. 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investifration of
communicable diseases, and rcgiilation of dairies because of them, 334
Summary of work of Health Officers, 428
Deaths, (rural) , by months, 447 ; from certain causes, 446,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 546
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 275
Normal and defective school children , by sex and nativity, 264
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,000
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 083
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Erie: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months,
443; by age, 458, 461; from certrJn causes, 461, 409: from each cause and
class of causes,. 473; Births, by sex and month, 510; plural and illegitimate,
534; Lectures on Tuberculosis, 002
Inspection of a circus that had distributed smallpox, 245
Nuisances, etc.. 770; Water examined. 579; Waterworks permit, 803;
sources 854; filter plant, 783, 859, 939; Sewerage plans and permits, 866,876,896,
807.900
Erie Improvement Company : Sewerage plans and permits, 876,8f)5.900
Ernest: Water supply, 783,942
Errata are numerous. The following may be noted; —
P. 53, line 11. Let it read. Dr. John Mackrell.
P. 80. To the clerks of the Division of Accounting, etc. add: Miss Katha-
rine L. Hood, Duncannon.
P. 145, line 20 from below. Let it rend: W. G. Turnbull.
P. 146, line 1. Let it read: Georce B. Kunkel.
line 14. Let it read: J. Moore Campbell.
P. 195, line 12. Make it read: enteritidis.
P. 273, In Bedford County, read: Woodbury.
P. 274. In Bucks County read: W. Rockhill, and in Butler: Zelienople.
P., 275. In Crawford County read Amity, for Amith, and in Erie W. Mead,
for W. Mean.
P. 276. In Lancaster County make it Pequea, and in Lawrence, Ellwood.
P. 278. In Snyder County let it read: Middleburg.
P. 294, line 15. It should read: "verdict *** was obtained."
P. 322, line 1. Make it: Clearfield, and in line 12, read Pike TowDfihip, and
in line 18, Beccaria.
P. 331, line 12 from below. The C. M. I. is Dr. H. M. Hiller.
P. 411, line 20. Let it read: Conewango.
P. 450, No. 30. It should read: Tuberculosis meningitis.
P. 553, line 10 of the table. For Impetigo contagiosa, read: Epidemic dysen-
tery, and in line 14 let it read: conta^osa.
P. 556. In the table let it rend: Trichiniasis.
P. 678. For Allegheny, read: Pittsburgh, North Side.
P. 579. In Chester County, make it: Tredyffrin Township.
P. 581. In York County, let it read: Shrewsbury.
P. 680, line 6 from below. Let it read: Summit Water Supply Company.
P. 745. Dispensary No. 98 is South Bethlehem.
P. 771. line 2. Let it read: Port Allegany.
P. 784. No. 85. Let it read: Riverton.
P. 808, No. 66. Add: "also supplies Cumberland Md."
P. 877. Under Harrisburg, read: Suburban Drainage Co., not Suaqnehanna.
P. 886, No. 260. For Clearfield read Elk.
P. 890, No. 82. Let it read: Third Ward Sewer Company.
P. 964, No. 19. Connellsville is a city and in Fayette County.
P. 966, No. 51. Let it read: Summit Water Supply Company.
P. 967, No. 63. Let it read: Sandy Lick.
P. 969, 969, No. 87. The title is: Jackson Water Company.
No. 92. Windber is in Somerset Ck)unty.
No. 3. "Berwindino" villag;e is in Paint Township.
No. 2. I^t it read: Summit Water Supply Company.
P. 970, No. 23. Let it read: East Wheatfield and Buffington Water Com*
panies.
P. 972, line 24 from below: Let it rend: Pennsylvania Training Scfao<^.
P. 973 line 1. Change Cambria to Somerset.
P. 996, line 28 from below. I^t it read: Public.
P. 1048, line 10 from below. Let it rend: Wissinoming.
Erysipelas. Morbidity, (1906-1913, 553: urban and rural, by months, 554;
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 290, 292, 295, 290, 302, 313, 314,
316. 317, 327, 333, 335, 340, 342, 348, 350, 351, 355, 359, 361, 368, 368, 374,
380, 382, 401, 403, 405, 410, 411, 418, 420, 422, 425.
Mortality: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain dtiea,
473, 481 ; State, urban and rural, and in part by color, 463; in the Btato
and in cities over 100,000, in the first year by dayi, w«eka and months.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1473
Estes, Dr. W. L., Dispensary Pbysician, 11,57
Ethel Springs: as a water supply, watershed inspection, 964-
Etna:
Deaths, by months, 443; Births by sex and month, 510; plural and
illegitimate, 534; Sewerage plans and permits, 876,805,899,900
Eulalia Township: School inspection, 278
Evans City, (P. O.), see Evansburg.
livansburg: Nuisances, etc., 772; Sewerage plans and permits, — 780,876,895,898
Everett: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 606; school inspection, 273; Nuisances,
etc., 770; Sanitary Survey, 975
Everson: School inspection, 276; Sewerage plans and permits, 876,895,900
Evitts Greek Water Co.: Permit, 806; sources, 854; filter plant, 784,859
Exeter: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 806; Sewerage plans and
permits, 876,902
Exeter Township (Berks): School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578;
Water supply, 808
Exeter Township (Luzerne) : School inspection, 277
Exeter Township (Wyoming) : School inspection, 279
Exhibit, Tuberculosis: Management, 52 Abstract of activities, 404,602
Exit doors, in schools, * 272
Exophthalmic Goitre, see Goitre.
Expectoration in Tuberculosis:
£^ect of treatment with the bioloncal products of the tubercle bacillus
at Mont Alto, 672, 674, 676; At Cresson, 694,696,696
Export: School inspection, 279
External causes of death (accidental, suicidal): Deaths (1906-1913), 430;
and rate, 431; cases (1906-1913) by kinds, 440; by age, 455; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, and in part by color. 468; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, 479,487; in cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color,
490-494; in such cities and in the State by month and in part by color,
495496; in such cities and in the State in the first year, by days, weeks,
months, 499-502
Extension Water Co. of Penbrook:
Permit, 808; sources, 854
Eyes, (see also Blepharitis, Trachoma, Ophthalmia, etc.):
Defects found in school chilren, 262, 266, 267; Reported improvement, .. 271
Eyes, Diseases of the, etc.:
Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Eynon, Dr. J. S., Dispensary Physician, 11,55
Factoryville: School inspection, 279; water supply and watershed inspec-
tion, 965
Fairs: Visited by the Tuberculosis Exhibit, -602
Fairchance: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 772; Water examined,
579; Waterworks permit, 806; sources, 854; sewerage plans and permits, 876,899,900
Fairfield: School inspection, 273
Fairfield Twp. (Crawford): School inspection, 275
Fairfield Twp. (Lycoming) : School inspection, 277
Fairhope Twp. : School inspection, 278 ; Water examined, 581
Fairmount Twp.: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 774
Fair Oaks Land Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 876,895,902
Fairview (Butler): School inspection, 274
Falrview (Brie) : School inspection, 275
Fairview Twp. (Butler) : School inspection, 274
Fairview Twp. (Erie): School inspection, 275
Fairview TVp. (Luzerne): School inspection, 277
Fairview Twp. (Mercer) : School inspection, 277
Fairview Twp. (York): School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 773, 774;
Water supply, 808
Fairview Water Co.: Permit, 808; Sources. 854
Falk, Dr. H. S.,C. M. I. Cameron Ck>unty, 14; Abstract of reports,
313; Dispensary Physician, 54
Falkowsky, Dr. C, Dispensary Physician, 56
Fall Brook: School inspection, 278
Falling Springs: as a water supply, watershed inspection 961
Fallowfield Township: Nuisances, etc. , 773 ; Water Supply, 806
Falls, Deaths from, (see also External Causes of death): by age, 455;
urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479,487
Falls Twp. (Bucks) : School Inspection, 274
Falls Twp. (Wyoming): School inspection, 279; Measles, 421; Chidden
pox. Erysipelas, ." 422
Falls of Schuylkill (Philadelphia): Water supply, etc. , 1263,1282
93—19—1916
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1474 INDEX. Off. I>oe.
Falls Creek (Borough) « School inspection, 276; Water esamined, 519; Watei^
• works permits, sources, filter plant and operation, watershed inspeetion,
784,79O,791,8O6,854,8S9,0»,M2,9O5
Falls Greek (Stream): As a water supply, watershed- inspection, 043,96S,972
Fallston: S<uk)o1 inspection, 273; Water supply, 800
Family History of Tuberculosis: for patients of the Dispensaries, 020, d21;
for patients discharged from Mont Alto and later traced, UO,66B
Fannett Twp.: School inspection, 276; Water examined, 539
Farmington Twp. (Clarion): School inspection, 275
Farmington Twp. (Tioga): School inspection, 278; Measles, Typhoid fever, 406
Farmington Twp. ^arren): School inspiection, 279; Qeiman Measles, 412
Famsler, Dr. BL. H^ Dispensary Physician, 66
Farquhar, Dr. Q. W., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 13,60
Farrell (formerly South Sharon):
Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 464. 469;
Births, b:^ sex and month, 510; plural and illegitimate, 634; Smallpox,
373; Special report on an outbreak of Typhoid fever, 1372; Water ex-
ammed, 580; water supply, 784, 809, 944, 1376; sewerage plans and per-
mits, ..780,867,876,806,807
Farview Station: See State Hospital for the Oiminal Insane.
Farwell, Absalom: Waterwork permit, 809; Sources, 851
Fatigue of the tuberculous: Effect of Treatment with the biological products
of the tubercle bacillus at Mont Alto, 673, 675, 677; at Cresson, 694,696,606
Favus, found in the inspection of school children, 263,260
Fawn Twp. (Allegheny) : School inspection, 273
Fawn Twp. (York): School inspection, 279
Fawn Grove: School inspection, 279; Sanitary survey, 975
Fayette County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars/ 43
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, -. 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 337
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths, (rural) by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Bural births, by sex and month, 521; plural and illegitimate, 54A
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, hj sex and nativity, 265
Water samples exammed in the Laboratories, 579
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, ., 777
Fayette City: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 770
Fayette Twp.: School inspection, 370
Feces: Examinations in the Laboratory, 581,683
Fell Twp.: School inspection, 276
Felton (York): Water examined, 581; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply,.. 965
Felton Station (Delaware): Nuisances, etc., 773
Feltonville (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Ferguson TVp. (Ontre): Water supply, 800
Ferguson Twp. (Clearfield): School inspection, 275
Fermanagh Twp. : School inspection, 276 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773,775
Femdale (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913) 227;
Water supply, 809
Femdale (Schuykill): Nuisances, etc., 772
Ferry slips and boats: Water supply in Philadelphia, 1307, 1330; dual
pipage, 1203
Fertilizers (see Night Soil, Poudrette pits): Act of Assembly concerahig, 110
Fever, see the various forms, particularly Puerperal, Scarlet, ^phoid.
Field Officers^ Deputy, 79, see also Inspectors.
Field Inspection, by the Sanitary Inspectors, 000
Field Work, of the Medical Division, 183
Filters and filter plants: in relation to the permits, 778, 779, 783, 790, 8SB;
Types, 8S0
Filters used in the public filtration plants, 946, 948; Summary, 95D
Findley. Dr. Joseph D., C. M. I., Blair County, 14; Abstract of reports,
290; Dispensary Physician, 53; On duty at Gettysburg, 146
Findley Twp. (Allegheny): Nuisances, etc., 778,774
Findley ^Twp . (Mercer^: School inspection , 277 ; Diphtheria , 873
Google
Finser bowls, see Eating utensils.
Finleyville: Measles, 413; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined.
Digitized by ^
No. 14. OOBllMISSIONBR OF HEALTH. 1475
Fires: See Conflagration.
Fire apxMiratua, at the Oreeson Sanatorinm, va
Firearms: ,,^
Act of Assembly concerning use of, near hosmtals, etc., 110
Firearms in relation to accidental or suicidal deaths (see also ETxtemal causes
of death, suicide, homicide): by age, 465, 456; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, .479,480,487
Fire escapes in schools, 272
Fisher, Dr. P. P., C. M. I.. Mercer County, 16; Abstract of reports, 371;
special report on an epidemic of typhoid fever at Hadley, 374; Dispensary
Physician, 57
Fishing Creek: as a water supply, watershed inspection, 943,962,974
Fishing Creek Twp.: School inspection, 275
Fitzwatertown: Nuisances, etc., 774
Flannery Bolt and American Vanadium Co.: Sewage treatment plant and
operation, 787,954
Fleetwood: School inspection, 273
Flemington: School inspection, 275; Smallpox , 323; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 965
Flies. Circular concerning: 185; Fly fighting at Mont Alto, 635; Flies and
typnoid fever 1021,1029
Flo^ in the Allegheny Basin: Investigation to prevent epidemics, 959
Floor space in schools, 272
Florin: Nuisances, etc. , 772 ; Water examined, , 580
Florin Water Company: Permit etc. , 809 ; sources, 851
Flowers, Dr. C. J. B., Dispensary Physician, 55
"Fluid of Dixon." See the Biological Products of the Tubercle Bacillus.
Flynn, Dr. J. G., C. M. I., Elk County, 15; Abstract of reports, 338;
On duty at Gettysburg, 145 ; Dispensary Physician, 55
Forelman, Dr. A . P. , Dispensary Physician, 52
Follow-up, see Upfollow.
Foltr., Dr. J. C. Dispensary Physician, 11,57
t'^oods, Fatal poisoning by 455,479,487
Forbes, Charles R., Assistant Engineer, 77
Forbes Road: Typhoid fever, 419; Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Force: Water examined, 579 .
Ford City: School inspection, 273; investigation after the March flood, 969;
Water examined, 578; Sewerage plans and permit, 876,902
Forest County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 71
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; Investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 341
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths, (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
Rural births by sex and month, 521, plural and illegitimate 546
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective ^
School Children, by sex and nativity 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Forest Qity: Deaths, by months, 443; Births by sex and month, 510; plural
and illegitimate, 534 ; Sewerage plans and permits , 876,896,902
Forest Lake Twp. : School inspection, 278 ; Typhoid fever, 404
Forestry School, Examination of candidates, 183
Forks, see Eating utensils, ! 81
Forks Twp. (Northampton): School inspection, 277
Forks Twp. (Sullivan): Chicken pox, 403; Measles, Cerebrospinal Meningitis,
404; Nuisances, etc., 774
Forkston Twp., School inspection, !....!!!!.! 279
Forksville: School inspection, 278 ; Sanitary survey, ...!!!!! ^5
Formaldehyde, see Disinfectants.
Forms: For report of lead poisoning, 113; for Marriage Licenses, Ill
Fortenbaugh, J. W., Assistant Engineer, 77
Forty Port: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 809; Sewerage plans'and
permits. .......... ^ 876,895,900
Fossae, Nasal, See Nose.
F^r Twp. (Luzerne): Nuisances, etc., 775; Chicken pox. Measles. 368;
Whooping cough, om
Foster Twp. (McKean): School inspection, 277; Mumps, 370
Digitized by
Google
1476 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Foster Twp. (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, 390; Bmall-
pox, 387,396
Fountain Green Spring (Fairmount Park, Philadelphia): As a source for
bottled water, 1356,1357,1358
Fountain Hill: School inspection, 277; Typhoid fever (1908-1913), 987; Water
supply, 800
"Fourth of July" injuries, and their treatment with Tetanus Antitoxin, — i38
Fox Twp. (Elk): School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc.. 772
Fox Twp. (Sullivan): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever. Diphtheria,
403; Measles, 404
Fox Chase (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Foxburg: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 579; Water supply, — 809
Foxburg Water Works CJo. : Permit, 809 ; sources, 856
Frackvflle: School inspection, 278 ; Water supply, 809
Fractures: Deaths, by age, 456; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 480,487
Frailer Twp.: Scarlet fever, 380
Francine, Dr. A. P., Dispensary Physician, 57; On duty at Cfettlsburg, 145;
Bepresents the Commissioner at the meeting of the State Medical Society, lOi
Results in Philadelphia patients discharged from Mont Alto in 1909, on
January 1, 1913, 155; Principles of social service work and their apidica-
tion in practice at the State Tuberculosis Dispensary, Philadelphia, 169
Franconia: Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302
Franconia Twp.: Water supply, 809
Frank, see Markle and Frank.
Frankford (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Frankford Junction (Philadelphia): Typhoid fever and water samples, 1092
Frankford Twp . : School inspection, 275
**Frankford Pumping Station," now part of Lardner's Point Pumping Sta-
tion (Philadelphia), 1000
Frankfort Springs: School inspection, 273
Franklin County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 30
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 55
Abstracts of reports of the County Medical Inspector; Investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 342
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths, (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births by sex and month, 522; plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by months, (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 579
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 063
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Franklin County Medical Society, addressed by a representative of the
Department, 104
Franklin (Bucks): Measles, 308
""Franklin (Bntler): School inspection, 274
Franklin (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Water supply and watershed
inspection 905
Franklin (Carbon): School inspection, 274
Franklin (Venango):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 606: Deaths, by months 443; Births by sex and
and month, 511; plural and illegitimate, 534; Special report on an out-
break of Typhoid fever, 995; Investigation after the March flood,
959; Measles, Typhoid fever, 410; Scarlet fever, 408, 410; Nuisances,
etc., 770; Water examined, 581: Waterworks permits, sources, filter
Plant and operation, 784, 809, 856, 860, 939, 942; Sewerage plans and
permits, 876,902
Franklin Twp. (Alleghenv): School inspection, 273
Franklin Twp. (Bradford) : School inspection 274
Franklin Twp. (Butler): School inspection, 274
Franklin Twp. (Carbon): School inspection, 274
Franklin Twp. (Chester): School inspection, 274
Franklin Twp . (Columbia) : School inspection , 275 ; Measles, 325
Franklin Twp. (Fayette): Water Supply, SQO
Franklin Twp. (Orenne): Sanitary Survey, 976
Franklin Twp. (Huntingdon): School inspection 276
Franklin Twp. (Luzerne): School inspection, J77
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEAI/TH. 1477
Franklin Twp. (Lycoming): School inspection, ^
Franklin Twp. (Snyder): Nuisancea, etc., ^:-- •;;;••••• ••••'• T!i
Franklin Twp. (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Whooping cough, .. 406
Franklin Twp. (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279
Franklintown: School inspection, ^9
Franklinville (Huntingdon): Scarlet fever, ,345
FranklinviUe (Philadelphia, Water supply, lOg
Franti. Dr. J, Paul, Dispensary physician, ll,w
Frederick Twp.: School inspection, ^
Fredericksburg: Nuisances, etc., 774
Fredericktown: Scarlet fever, 415
Fredonia: School inspection, 277
Free Hospital for Poor Consumptives (White Haven): Sewage treatment
idant and operation, 55i
Freedom: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 800
Freedom Twp. (Adams) : School inspection, 273
Freedom Twp. (Blair) : School inspection, 273
Freehold Twj).: JSchool inspection, 279: Diphtheria, 411. 41": Wrysipehis .- 411
Freeland: Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex and month, 511; plural
and illegitimate, 534 ; Sanitary survey, 975
Freeman's Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 963
Freemansburg: School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey, 975
Freeport: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply,
784, 800, 939, 942; Water examined, 578; Sewerage plans and permits, 877,902
Freeport Water Works Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and operation,
784,809,854,800,939,942
French Creek Twp. (Mercer) : School inspection, 277
French Creek Twp. (Venango): School inspection, 278
French Creek: As a water supply, 943, 064, 995; Sanitary survey of water-
shed, 974; Special conditions; precipitation and pollution, 1000
Fretz, Dr. J. E., Dispensary Physician 57
Frick Coke Co.: Sources of water supply; water shed inspection, — 969,970,971
Friendsville: School inspection, 278; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, .. 965
Fronts, Dr. H. C., C. M. I., Huntingdon County, 15; Abstract of reports
345; on duty at Gettysburg, 141; Dispensary Physician, 55
Frostburg: Scarlet fever, •... 352
Fnllerton: Special reports on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 212,367
Milk examined, 577 ; Water examined, 680
Fullerton (and West Catasauqua): Special report of an inspection of the
water supply relative to the outbreak of typhoid fever, 1004
Fullmer, Dr. C. L., Dispensary Physician, .'... 54
Fulton County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 31
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, .... 343
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Deaths, (rural), by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births by sex and month, 522 ; plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 568; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts; normal and defective
School CThildren, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the laboratories, 680
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 683
Fulton Twp. : School inspection , 276
Furnace Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965,974
Furuncle: Deaths, by age, 454; urban and rural and in certain cities, 478,486
Gaines Township: School inspection, 278
Gardner's Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
Galbreath, James M.: Opinion in the case against Mars, 1408
Galeton: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined,
581; Water supply, 809
Galeton-Eldred Water Co.: Permits, etc., 809; sources, 856
Gallagher Twp. : School inspection, 275
Gallitzin: Sch6ol inspection, 274; Water examined, 578; Water supply and
watershed inspection ges
Gallitzin Twp.: School inspection, 274
Gangrene: Deaths, by aee, 454; urban and rural, and in certain cities,
478, 486; as a fatal complication at Moot Alto, , ,..M't ^1
Digitized by
Google
1478 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Gannene of the Lung: Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, S?»1SS
Garbage, as a Nuisance: Complaints and inspection, 771,773
Garbage Incinerator: Operation at Mont Alto, 907
Garbage Disposal at the Oresson Sanatorium, S90
Garcia, Alexander, Bacteriologist, 51,146
Garrett: Water supply and watershed inspection, 809,965
Garrett Water Co.: Permit etc., sources, watershed inspection, 791,809,854,965
Garrettson Hospital (Philadelphia): Address to nurses, 105
Gases, Absorption of deleterious (confla^tion excepted): Deaths, by age,
455; urban and rural and in certain cities, 497,487
Gay. Dr. W. M., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Gayley, Dr. W. C, Dispensary Physician, 11,56
Gay sport: School inspection, 273; sewerage plans and permits, 877,902
Greigers Mills: Nuisances, etc., 773
Geist, Dr. G. W. , Dispensary Physician, 56
Geistown: Water examined, 578
"General Diseases" (of the International List): Deaths (1906-1913), 430;
and rate, 431; Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural and in certain cities, 473,481
General Division, see Divisions of the Department.
General Inspector, see 0. W. Webbert.
Genesee Twp. : School inspection, 278 : Water supply, 809
Genesee Citizens Water Co. : Permit, 809 ; sources, 851
Gleneva: Water supply, 965 ; Sanitary survey 975
Genitourinary System, Diseases of the, (See also the Puerperal State): Deaths
(1006-1^1?^). 430: nnd rate^. 431; Deaths (Cancer, 1906-1913>. 438: (1912-1P1.3> .
440; Deaths, by age, 450, 453; urban and rural, and in part by color,
463, 468; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474, 477, 482, 485; in
cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 490^iM
George School: Water examined, 578
Georges Twp. ' Diphtheria, 389
Georgetown: School inspection, 273
German Measles, see Measles.
Germantown (Philadelphia): Water supply, etc., 1263,1281,1282
Gettysburg:
Tubercfulosis Dispensary, 52; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-191$),
745; cases of tiie year, 008; School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc.,
770; Sanitary survey, 127, 133, 975; Water examined, 129. 130, 578;
Water supply and watershed inspection, 121, 127, 784, 810, 989, 912, 962;
Sewerage system, 133
Gettysburg Water CJo.: Permits, sources, filter plant and operation,
watershed inspection, 127, 784, 810, 856, 860, 939, 942, 962; Agreement
etc., concerning the use of the plant during the celebration, 119,121,132
Gettysburg (Celebration:
Memorandum of the Commissioner concerning the aid of the Department
at the celebration of the semi-centenary of the battle, 117 ; O^er notes
on this matter, 82,183,600,935,1435
Gibson Twp. (Cameron): School inspection, 274; Measles 314
Gibson Twp. (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 401
Gilberton (See also Anthracite Water (>>.): Deaths, by months, 443; Births
by sex and month, 511; plural and illegitimate, 534; Water supply, 810;
Sewerage plans and permits, 877,806
Gilberton-SchuylklU Water Co. : Permit, 810 ; sources, 854
Gilmore Twp. : School inspection 276
Gilpin Twp.: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771,773
Girard: School inspection, 275
G'rnrd Township: School inspection, 275; Inspections concerning typhoid
fever, S36
Girard Water CJompany: Permits, etc.. 810: sources, 854; watershed patrol, 972
Girardville (see also Girard Water Co.): School inspection, 278; no boaid of
H^nltb, 3P1 : NiiiPMuces. etc.. 774: Mersle^, 390, 391, 397; Water supply, .. ' 810
Girardville Water CJo. : Permit, 810 ; sources, 8.M
Glace, Ivan M., Assistant Engineer 77
Glade Twp.: School inspection, 279; Cerebrospinal meningitis, 411; lyphoid
fever, 412,413
Glade Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 987
Gladehurst Water Co. : Permit, 810 ; sources, 851
Gladfelter, P. H., CJo.: Filter plan and operation 784,914
Glanders: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 473,48il
Morbidity, (1906-1913), 563: urban and rural, by months 555
GInndR. Cervionl: Enlargement in school children, 262, 268, 268; reported im-
provement, 271
Glasgow ; Nuisances, etc. , 779
Glassport:
Deaths, by month. 443; Births, by sex and month, 511; plural and O-
legitimate, 534; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sewerage plans and permits, .... 877^902
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONEB OF HEAI/FH. 1479
Glen Brock Water Co.: Pennit» 810; Bonrces, 851
Glen Campbell: School inspection, 276
Glendon: Sanitary survey, 975; School inspection, 277
Glenfield: Quarantine ne^ected, 288
Glenfield Twp.: Water supply, 810
Glen Iron: Nuisances, etc., 774; Smallpox, 408
Glen Manor: Water examined, 580
Glen Mills, Nuisances, etc., 773; water examined, C79
Glen Mills Schools (Boys): Sewerage plans and permits, treatment plant
and operation, 787,877,806,964
Glen Biills Schools (Girls), Waterworks, permit, sources, watershed
patnd, 810, 856, 972; Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operations,
787,877,896,954
Glenolden (Delaware): School inspection, 275; Water examined, ff79; Water
supply, 810; Sewerage plans and permits, 866,877,895,900
Glen Kock: School inspection, 279; Water examined, 581; Water works per-
mits, 810: sources, 856
Glen Rose (Brinton Mills): Smallpox, 249
Glenside: Nuisances, etc., 771; Scarlet fever, 378
Glenside Water Co.: Water examined, ff78
€k)itre: In school children, 262,266,268
(}oitre. Exophthalmic: Deaths, by age, 460; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 476,483
Goldsboro: School inspection, 279; Typhoid fever, 423
Golf Brook: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 970
Gonoooccos: Laboratory examinations, 577
Gonococcus infection: Death, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 474,482
Goodyear Lumber Co., (Now Norwich Lumber Co.): Sewerage plans and
permits, 877,896,896
(Gordon: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 770; Scarlet fever; Quar-
antine weak, 303; Water supply, 810
Ctorman, Dr. Benrr A., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 59
CkMhen Twp.: School inspection, 275
Gout, see Rheumatism.
Gracey, Dr. C. S. , Assistant Physician at Cresson, 12,64
Grafton: Water examined, 580
Graham Twp-: School inspection, 275
Grampian: School inspection, 275
Grand Valley: School inspection, 278; No Board of Health, 411
Grant Twp . : School inspection, 276 ; (Communicable diseases, 350
Granular fids, see Trachoma.
Granville Twp. (Bradford): School inspection, 274
Granville Twp. (Mifflin): School inspection, 277; Nuisance referred to
counsel 1414
Grats: School inspection . 275 ; Water examined, 579
Gravd Hill Water Supply Co. : Permit, 810 ; sources, 854 ; filter plant, 860
Graves, Dr. E. A., Dispensary Physician 54
Great Bend: School inspection, 278 ; Water supply, 811
Great Bend Twp.: School inspection, 278
Green, Dr. Edgar M., C. M. I., Northampton Ck>nnty, 15; Abstract of re-
ports, 381; Dispensary Physician, 57; On duty at Gettysburg, 145
Green Twp. (Indiana): Communicable diseases 348,349,350
Greencastie, Nuisances, etc., 770; Waterworks permits, 811; sources, 815
Greene County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 31
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary, ; 55
Abstracts of reports of the 0>unty Medical Inspector ; investiffation of con-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 343
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural birth, by sex and month, 522 plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 568 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, . . 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Greene Twp. (Beaver) : School inspection, 273
Digitized by
Google
1480 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Greene Twp. (din ton): Typhoid fever, 324; nuisances, etc., 772
Greene Twp . (Eriej : School inspection , 275
Greene Twp. (Forest): School inspection, 276
Greene Twp. (Franklin): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 772;
Diphtheria, 342
Greene Twp. (Greene): School inspection, 276
Greene Twp. (rike): School Inspection, 278
Greenfield Twp. (Blair): School inspection, / 273
Greenfield Twp. (Erie) : School inspection, 275
Greenfield Twp: (Lackawanna): School Inspection, 276
Green Hill Water Co. : Permit, 811 ; sources, 851
Greenlane: School inspection, 277 ; Chicken pox, 378
Green Lick Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968
Greenpark: Water examined 581
Greensburg (Greene): School inspection, 276
Greensburg (Westmoreland): (See also State Police Barracks): Tuberculosis
Dispensary, 50 j cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months. 443: by age, 458,
461; from certain causes, 464, 469; Births by sex and month, 511; plural and
illegitimate, 534; Nuisances, etc., 770; Smallpox from a circus, 242; Water
supply, 811
Green tree: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 811; Sewerage plans and
permit. 877,896,898
Greenville:
Deaths, by months, 443; Births by sex and month, 511'; plural and
illegitimate, 534; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and watershed
inspeorion, 811, 9(1): Seworajre plans and permits, 780,866,877,895,807,900
Greenville TVp.: School inspection, 278
Greenville Water Co.: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant, watershed in-
spection, 770,700,811,854,860,965
Greenwich Twp.: School inspection, 273
Greenwood Twp. (Clearfield) : School inspection, 275
Greenwood Twp. (Columbia): School inspection, 275; Measles, mumps, 326;
Diphtheria, 327
Greenwood Twp . (Crawford) : School inspection, 275
Greenwood Twp. (Juniata) : School inspection, 276
Gregg Twp.: School inspection, 278
Grims: School inspection, 277
Grippe, see Influenza.
Grooms: First marriage by nativity and age, and re-marriages by age and
quotity, 571 ; Divorce from a former wife, 572
Gross, Dr. S . , Assistant Physician at Mont Alto and Cresson, 12,60,64
Grove City: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 772; Sewerage plans and
permits, 877,806,897,002
Grove Twp. : School inspection, 274
Grugan Twp . : School inspection, 275
Gruhler, Dr. C, Dispensary Physician, 11,58
Guilford Twp.: Diphtheria, 342; Nuisances, etc., 772; Water examined, 579
Guinea pigs: Not immunized by turtle serum, 584; Influence of the wax
of the tubercle bacillus, 584
Guinea pigs at Mont Alto, 686
Gulf Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed, 074
Gulich Twp.: School in spection, 275
Gums, Diseased: In school children, 262,266,268
Gunpowder River: Sanitary survey of watershed, 074
Gunshot wounds (see also Firearms): Treatment with Tetanus antitoxin,
738; accidental deaths (1906-1013), 440
Guthrie, Dr. George W . , Member of the Advisory Board, 13
Gutters: Sewage nuisances, inspections, 771
Hnrlcett: Nuisances, etc., 775
Hadley: Special report on an epidemic of typhoid fever, 374; Water ex-
amined, 580
Hn*»morrhflRe, etc.: D<*nths» bv ape. 451; nrbnn nnd mrnl. nnd in oprf"»n
cities, 476, 484. See also Cerebral haemorrhage: 451, 468, 475, 483, 480, 491:
Puerperal haemorrhage, 463, 477, 486; Uterine haemorrhage, 453,477,485
Haemorrha^ as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
H"Pm'»rrhoids. se'* Veins.
Hagenbeck and Wallace's Circus as a distributor of smallpox, 241
Hakes. Dr. S. P.: C. M. I. Tioga County, 15: abstract of reports, 406;
in the outbreak at Amot, 078 ; Dispensary physician , 58
Halifax: School inapection, 275; water supply, 811
Halifax Twp.: School inspection, 275
Halifax Water Company: Permits, 701 , 811 ; sources, 856
Hall, W. C. : Waterworks permit, 811 ; sources, 851
Hallam: Sanitary survey, 075 ; Water supply, 811
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1481
Hallg Run as a water supply, ...^ r'kW'"^ ; ^ ^
Hallstead: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 811; Sewerage plans and
permits, 877,898
Hallstead Water Company: Permits, etc., 811; sources, 854; watershed
patrol, 872
Hamburg: School inspection, 273 ; Water examined, 578 ; Water supply, 811
Hamburg Sanatorium: See under Pennsylvania.
Jbiamiltun, John (8ee also State CoUeRe): Sewerage plana and permits, 860,877,895,900
Hamilton, Dr. S., Dispensary physician, ^
Hamilton Twp. (Franklin): School inspection, 276; Water exammed, 579
Hamilton Twp. (McKean) : School inspection, 277 ; Water supply, 811
Hamilton Twp. (Monroe: School inspeection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 775;
Tvplioid f'ver, 376; Measles, 377; W'^ater examined, 680; Water supply
(cf. Blue Mountain Cons. W ter Company), 811
Hamilton Twp. (Tioga) : School inspection, 278
Hamilton Water Company: Permit, 811; sources, 856
Hamlin Twp. : School inspection, 277
Hampden reservoir of the Reading water supply, 1368
Hampton Twp. : School inspection, 276
HnmiKtin : School inspection , 273
Hampton Twp.: Water supply, 811
Hangmg. See Strangulation.
Hannastown: Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Hanover (cf. Hanover Sewer (company):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 59; use of tubercle bacilli products (1909-1913)
745; cases of tne year, 607; Deaths, by months, 443; Births, by sex
and month, 511; plural and illegitimate, 535; Nuisances, etc., 770;
Water examined, 581; Water supply and watershed inspection, 811,966
Hanover Twp. (Beaver) : School inspection, 273
Hanover Twp. (Lehigh) (cf. Homoeopathic State Hospital for the Insane):
Typhoid fever, 212; Scarlet fever, 366; Tuberculosis reported (Insane
Hospital), 366; Typhoid fever, 367; Water supplv, 811
Hanover Twp. (Luzerne): Smallpox, 369; Water supply, 811; Sewerage plans
and permits, 867,877,899
Hanover and McSherrystown Water Company: Permit etc., sources, filter
plant, watershed inspection, 811,856,860,965
Hanover Sewer Company: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and opera-
tion, 786,877,898,954
Harbor Creek Twp. (cf. Erie Improvement dJompany): School inspection, 275
Harford Twp.: School Inspection, 278
Harmarsville: Water examined, 578
Harmar Twp. : School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, 812
Harmony: School inspection, 273
Harmony Twp. (Beaver).: School inspection, 273
Harmony Twp . : forest) : School inspection , 276 ; measles, 341
Harmony Twp. (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278
Harelip found in school children . 263,269
Harford Twp. : TVphoid fever, 404 ; Scarlet fever, diphtheria, 405
Harris, Dr. CM., Dispensary physician, 54
Harris Twp.: School inspection, 274; water supply, 812
Harrisburg (and vicinity) (cf. Penna. State Lunatic Hospital; Surburban
Drainage (company):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55, 600; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913), 745 cases of the year. 605; Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458,
461; from certain causes, 464, 469; from each en use and class of causes,
473; Births by sex and month, 511; plural and illegitimate, 535; Nui-
sances, etc., 770; Water supply, sources, filter plant and operation, 784,
812, 854, 860, 942; Sewerage plans and permits 877,895,900
Harrisburg Hospital: Cooperation in the Gettysburg celebration, 120
Harrison Twp. (Allegheny): Typhoid fever, 1380; Water supply, 812, 942;
Sewerage plans and permits, 877,899,1378
Harrison Twp. (Bedford) : School inspection, 273 ; water examined, 578
Harrison Twp. (Potter): School inspection, 278
Harrisville: School inspection, 274
Harrowrate (Philadelphia) : Water supply, 1048
Hart, Miss Anna L. , Sanatoria Statistician, ] 00,146
Hardeton : School inspection , 278
Hartley Twp. : School inspection, ].,.". 278
Hartman, Dr. L. M., Dispensary Physician, 59
Hartman, Dr. Paul A., C. M. I., Dauphin County. .15; Abstract of reports,
330 ; on duty at Gettysburg, 145 ; Dispensary physician, 55
Hartstown: School inspection, 275
Hartzell, Charles, Superintendent of Division of Supplies, 80; Report, .... 1439
Harvey's Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 961
Harvey's Lake: As a water supply, watershed Inspection, 961
Digitized by
Google
14S3 INDBX. Off. Doe.
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tnberde Bacilli Products (190(^191^
745; cases of the year, 606; School inspection, 274; Sewerage plans and
pennits. 877,896,902
Hatboro: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Tyi^oid fever attri-
buted to PhUadelphia, 1302, 1303; Water examined, gj
Hatch Gravel Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 984
Hatfield: School inspection, 277; l^Phoid fever attributed to Philadelphia,
1302, 1303; Water examined, MO
Hauto: Water supply to the collieries, and watershed inspection, 971
Haven. Dr. J. A., Dispensary physician, K
Haverford: Water examined, 580
Haverford Twp. (cf. Haverford College, Beechwood Park Amusement Co.):
School inspection, 275; Water supply, 812
Haverford College: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 787,877
886,954,957
Hawley: School inspection, ^
Hawthorn: Water examined, 579
Haycock Twp.: School inspection, 274; Measles, 906
Hasrfield Twp.: School inspection, 275
Hays: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 812
Haysville: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 784,812
Haysville Water Company: Permits, etc., sources, filter plant, watershed
patrol, 779,784,790,791,812,857,880,937
Hazel Dell: School inspection, 276
Hazle Twp.: Communicable diseases, 388, 369; Water supply, 812
Hazle Township Water Company: Permit, 812, sources, 857
Hazleton:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (190^1913),
745; cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months, 443; by age, 458, 461;
from certain causes, 464, 469; Births, by sex and month, 511 ; plural and
iUegitimate, 535; Water supply and watershed inspection, 812, 961;
Sewerage plans and permits, 781,877,902
Hazleton Water Company: Permit etc. , S12 ; sources, 8S7
Hazlett, Dr. E. M., Dispensary physician, 58
Headings, Dr. I. O., Dispensary physician, 66
Health Boards: See Boards of Health.
Health Officers, Township: Changes and list, 11, 16; duties, 767; as sanitary
inspectors of schools, 272; vouchers, 115; special inspections by the (Gen-
eral Inspector, 115; Comments on the work of the H. C, 85, 340, 344, 345,
349,360,362,367,374,379,381,396,400,402,404,405
Hearing (cf. Ears): Defects in school children, 86, 262, 266, 26?; reported
Improvement, 271
Heart Disease as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Heart, Disease of the, or malformation: Deaths, percentage, 439; Deaths,
by age, 451, 454; State, urban and rural, and in part by color, 468;
urban and rural and in certain cities, 475, 478, 483, 486; in cities over
100,000. by age and in part by color, 489-494; in such dties and t^e State,
in the nrst year by days, weeks, months, 499-501
Heart Lake: As an ice supply, watershed inspection, 978
Heat as a cause of death: By age, 456; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 480,487
Heath Twp.: School inspection, 276
Heathville: Nuisances, etc., 772
Heating of Schools, 272
Hebron Twp.: School inspection, 278
Heckscherville: Water examined, 581
Hector Township: School inspection, 278
Heffner Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 9JU
Hegins: Water examined, 581
Hegins Twp.: Smallpox, 396; Water supply. 812; School inspection, 278
Hegins Water Company: Sources, 854; permit, 812
Heidelberg: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 812
Heidelberg Twp. (Berks): See Bethany Orphans Home.
Heidelberg Twp.( Lebanon): School inspection, 276; Water supply, 813
Heidelberg Twp. (Lehigh): School inspection, 277
Heidelberg Twp. (York): School inspection, 279
Heidelberg Water Company: Permit, 813; sources, 851: watershed patrol, .... 972
Heikes, Dr. Lloyd A . , Assistant physician at Mont Alto, 12,S9
Heilwood: Water examined, 580
Hellam Twp.: School inspection, 279; Water supply, 813
Hellam Water Company: Permits, etc., 813; sources, 852; watershed patrol, .. 972
Hellertown: Sanitary survey, 975
Hemlock Twp.: School inspection, 275
Hemminger, KobertE., Pharmacist at Mont Alto, 80
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONBB OF HBALTH. 1483
Hempfidd Twp. (cf. State Police Barrac&a): Meaalea and Searlet fever, 419;
Nmaancea. etc., 774; Water supply, 813
Henderaon Twp. (Huntingdon): Water examined, 580
Henderson Twp. (Jefferson) : School inspection, 276
Henry, Dr. (3. P., Dispensary physician, 11,53
Henry Clay Township: School inspection. 276
Hens, etC;, at the Sanatoria: Cresson, 684; Mont Alto, 636
Hepburn Township: School inspection, 277
Hereford Township: School inspection, 273
Herman, Dr. Perdval, Statistical Inspector, B2
Herminie: Nuisances, etc., 774; Water examined, 5B1
Hemdon: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined,.... 581
Hernia: Deaths, by age, 452: State, urban and rural, and in part by color,
468; urban and rural, and in certain dttes, 477, 485; in cities over 100,000,
by aee and in part by color, 4904M
HerricK Township (Bradford): School inspection, 274
Herridc Township (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever,
measles, mumps^. 406
Hershey, M. S., Water works permit, 813
Hershey: Measles. 330; Water supply, 784,813
Hershey Water dompany: Permits, sources, filter plant, 779,784,700,701,813,857,860
Hickory Grove: Measles, 308
Hickory Township (Forest): School inspection, 276
Hickory Township (Lawrence): School inspection, 276
Hickory Township (Mercer): Nuisances, etc., 773, 774; Chicken pox, etc.,
372, 373; Water supply, 813
Highland Township (Chester): School inspection, 274; Smallpox (cf. CJoat-
esville), 819
Highlana Township (CHarion): School inspection, 275
Highland Township (Mk): School inspection, 275
Highspire: School inspection, 275
HiD, Dr. G. P., Dispensary Physician 54
Hni, Dr. W. de la M., C. M. I. Bedford County, 14; Abstract of reports,
298; Assists regarding an investigation of smallpox, 261; Dispensary phy-
sician, 53
Hiller, Dr. EUram M., C. M. I. Delaware County, 15; Abstract of reports,
331 ; Gn duty at Get^sburg, 146; Dispensary physician, 11,55
HiUsarove Township: School inspection, 278
Hillside: Chicken pox, 419
Hillside Home: See Scranton Poor District.
Hilltown Township: Water supply, 813
HUltown Water (Company: Permit, 813; sources, 852
Hillville School: See Leechburg.
Hinckston Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
Hiram: Chicken pox, measles, 34.^
Hites: Nuisances, etc.. 773
Hoarseness in Tuberculosis: Effect of treatment with the biological products
of the tubercle bacillus, at Mont Alto, 672, 674, 676; at Cresson, 694,696,696
Hoboken: Nuisances, etc., *. 774
Hock, O>ombe and Brumm : Water works permits, 813 ; sources, 854
Hockenberry, Dr. H. D., O. M. I. Butter Ck>unty, 14; Abstract of reports,
309; Dispensary physician, 53
Hogan, Dr. W. C, C. M. I. McKean (bounty, 15; Abstract of reports, 370;
Dispensary physician. 56
Hollcong (Bucks): Scarlet fever, 307
Hollenback Township: School inspection, 277
Hollidaysburs: School inspection, 273; Smallpox, 182; Water examined, 578;
water supp^, watershed inspection, 962; Sewerage plans and permits, 878,902
Hollsopple: Water examined^. flgi
Holmesburg (Philadelphia): Water supply, 784,942,1048,1066
Home and Hospital of the Good Shepherd: Sewerage plans and permits,
plant and operation, 787,878,896,954
Home Water Company: See also Newport, Millersburg.
Home Water Companv of Royersford: Filtration plant and operation, 784,944
Homer City: School inspection, 276
Homer Township: Scho<M inspection^ 278
Homestead:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 52; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913)
745; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months, ^; by age, 468, 461;
from certain causes, 464, 469; Births, by sex and month. 511; plural
and illegitimate, 635; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, permits,
sources, etc., 779, 790, 791, 813, 857; Sewerage plans and permits, ..867,878,900
Homets Ferry: Water examined, ff7g
Homewood: Nuisances, etc., 773
Digitized by
Google
1484 INDEX. Off. Doc
Homicides: (1906-1913), 440; by age, 456; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 480,487
Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State: Department represented at the
annual meeting, IM
Homoeopathic State Hospital for the Insane: Water supply, 813; Sewerage
plans and permits, plant and operation, 786,878,8^,951,957
Honesdale: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 99; cases of the year, 605; School in-
spection, 279; Diphtheria, 417; Erysipelas, 418; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602;
Water supply and watershed inspection, 813,982
Honesdale Consolidated Water Company: Permit, sources, watershed in-
spection , 813,854,858,982
Honeybrook: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, 201
Honeybrook Township: School inspection, 274
Hooker, PauL Assistant Engineer, 77; Special work, 958,999,1083,1367
Hookstown : School inspection, 273
Hookworm: cf. Ankylostomiasis.
Hoopers Run: As a water supply, W3
■» 'oopestowM: W;'ter examined, •'80
Hooversville: Water supply, 813
Hooversville Water Company: Permits, 813; sources, 854
Hopbottom: Water supply, 813; School inspection, 278
Hopbottom Water Company: Permit, 813; sources, 852; watershed patrol,... 972
Hopewell: School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578
Hopewell Township (Beaver) (See also Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.): School
inspection, 273; Sanitary survey, 976
Hopewell Township (Bedford): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 774;
Report on an outbreak of smallpox, 257,294
Hopewell Township (Cumberland) : School inspection 275
Hopewell Township (York): School inspection, 279; Measles, 423
Hopwood: Measles, 338; Water examined 579
Horner, H. M., Waterworks permit, 813; sources, 8M
Homer, Dr. M. W., Dispensary physician, 59
Horsham Township: School inspection, 277 ; Water examined, 580
Horter Township: School inspection, 275
Hortons Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 967
Hosack Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 962
Hosford, Harry Lindley, Secretary to the Commissioner, 13; on duty at
Gettysburg, 146 ; reads a paper for the Commissioner, 104
Hospitals: Legislation concerning the use of firearms near, 110
Hospital, Emergency, etc., at Gettysburg, 139,148
Hospitals cooperating with the Department during the Gettysburg celebra-
tion, 150,151
Hospital (trains) at the Gettysburg celebration, 143,151
Hospital for Poor Consumptives at White Haven: Sewage disposal plant,... 787
Hospital Creek : As a water supply, 945
House of Employment of Delaware County: Sewage plans and permits, 867,896
Housing conditions in Central and South Philadelphia, 1257
Housing , Bureau of: Act of Assembly establishing , 112
House of Refuge of E}astem Pennsylvania, now Glen Mills School, which
see.
Houtzdale: Water supply, 813; Sewerage plans and permits, 878,886,807,9()0
Houtzdnle Water Company: Permit, 813 ; sources, 857
Hovey Township: School inspection, 273
Howard, J. W. and A. P. and Co., Ltd., Tannery, (near Corry): Sewerage
plans and permits, plant and operation, 787,878,896,955
Howard: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 579
Howe Township: School inspection 278
Huber, Miss Ivy E., Auditor 13,147
Hubley Township: School inspection, 278
Huefner: Nuisances, etc., 773
Huff, Dr. S. M., C. M. I. Centre County, 14; Abstract of reports, 315;
Dispensary physician, 54
Hughestown : School inspection , 277 ; Water supply, 813
Hughesville: School inspection, 277; Sewerage plans and permits, 878,899
Hulmeville: School inspection, 274
Hummelstown: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; water supply
and watershed inspection 784,813,939,942,966
Hummelstown Consolidated Water Company: Permits, sources, filter plant
and operation, 784,813,854,860,939,942,966
Hunchback in school children, 263,269
Hunlock Township: School inspection, 277; Typhoid fever, 388
Hunt. Dr. C. J., Associate Chief Medical Inspector, 13; attendance at
meetings, and addresses in behalf of the Department, 103, 104, 106; on duty
at Gettysburg, 145
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1485
Special report of an investigation concerning the prevalence of typhoid
fever at Benovo, j^
Special report on studies in typhoid fever in Ck>ate8ville, 200
Special report of an investigation concerning diphtheria in Johnstown,.. 216
Special report of an investigation made at Selinsgrove on account of
smallpox, ; 235
Special report of an inspection at Norristown concerning cases of
smallpox, 240
Special report on the distribution of smallpox in Pennsylvania by a cer-
tain circus^ 241
Inspection of cases of typhoid fever in the vicinity of Philadelphia and
attributable to infection there 1033,1302
Inspection of the SellersviUe epidemic 1372
Huntingdon County :
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors 31
Ix>cal Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 345
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 522; plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate by years (1906-1913), ^70
School inspection in fourth class districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatoria, — 663
Huntingdon, see also Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products, (1909-
1913), 745; cases of the year, 606; Deaths by months, 443; Birtha, by
sex and month, 511 ; plural and illegitimate, ■. . . . 535
Nuisances, etc., 770; Smallpox: Special report on an outbreak, 234; from
a circus, 212; other notes, 346; 347; Lecture on tuberculosis, 602;
Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, 784, 814, 878, 912 (suburbs); Sew-
erage plans and permits, 902
Huntingdon Water Supply Company: Permits, etc., sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed patrol 778,779,781,784,814,854,860,942,972
Huntingdon Township: School inspection, 277
Huntingdon Mills: Water examined , 580 ; Typhoid fever, ZSI
Huntingdon VaUey: Nuisances, etc. , 774
Huntsdale Visiting Nurse Association addressed at Centreville, 103
HuntsviUe "Resgrvoir:" As_a water supply, watershed inspection, 915,961
■ "1 fever 300
inspection 274
,„^- ^—Jttol inspection, 275; Water examined, 579
Hustontown: f 'tJ^.' „:' . i . . . .•^-\ .' 343
Hutchison, Dr.^J"5*?r,. Dispensary physician, 11,56
Hydatid Tumor ofthii Liver: Deaths 453,477,485
Hyde Park (Berks) : Nuisnnces, etc. , 771 ; Smallpox, 297
Hyde Park (Westmoreland) : School inspection, 279
Hydetown: School inspection, 275
Hydrocephalus (cf. Malformations): Deatiis, by age, 454; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 478,486
Hydrophobia, See Rabies.
Hyndman: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, 770; Scarlet fever, 293; Water
supply, 814
Hyndman Water Company: Permits, 814 ; sources, 857
Hypochlorite of Lime: Tabulation of use in Water Filtration Plants, 941,
947. 949; installation of disinfecting plants for public water supplies, 938
Notes on special use at water plants, and in certain epidemics, (Alle-
gheny Valley Water Company) , 1377 ; (Amot) , 979 ; (Clear Spring Water
Company), 1006; (Franklin), 998; (Johnsonburg Water Company), 1013;
(Kutztown Water Company), 1015; (PhQadelphia) , 1089; (West Reading
Water Company) , 1386
Use in Sewage Treatment Plants, 954-956
Hyskell, Dr. W. B,, Dispensary Physician, 54
lams. Dr. J. T., C. M. I., Greene County, 15; Abstract of reports, 343;
Disoensary physicians (S5
Ice, for Disoensary patients, 604
Ice, on the Delaware River boats, 1838
Ice supplies: Complaints, inspections, 771,772«078
Digitized by
Google
1486 INDEX. Off. Doe.
Ice, and typhoid, 210,M64019,102S,1Q27
Ice cream, in relation to typhoid , 198,327,1012,1010,1023,1028
Icterus: Deaths (included under Congenital Debility, Yellow Atrophy, and
other Liver troubles), 453,454,477 ,479,485,486,«XMM,40aHttB,48(MSQ2
Dl-defined causes of death, (1906-1913), 430; and rate, 431: deaths, yariouthr
grouped, 456,408,480,488,40Q%,4fl0s6Q2
Illegitimacy: See Births.
Immunization with Diphtheria Antitoxin, 711,717,734; with Tetanus Anti-
toxin, : 737
Immunity, Studies on: cf. Turtle serum, and Tubercle badllus.
Impetigo contagiosa made reportable, 81; found in school children, 263, 209;
Morbidity, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 565; Notes on
rural cases in the counties, 288,341,374,379
Indian Greek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 908
Indiana Ck)un<7:
County Medical Inspector, 16
Township Health Officers, 20
School Medical Inspectors, 31
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56
Abstract of reports of the CSounty Medical Inspector; inyestigaticMi of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 347
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain cauaea, UOjBl
^vTf\\ births, by rox and month, 522; pliirnl «nd illegitimate, .*W7
Marriages, by months, 569; rate by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class districts, 276; normal and defectiye
School Children, by sex and age, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 5B0
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 047,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,. 063
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Indiana: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products,
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by
sex and month, 511; plural and illegitimate, 535; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771;
Water examined, 580; Water supply and watershed inspection, 781, 784,
814942, 962; Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, ..785,878,806,806,965
Indiana Township: School inspection, 873
Indigestion of the tuberculous: Effect of treatment with the biological pro-
ducts of the tubercle bacillus, at Mont Alto, 673,675,677; at Oreason, ..695,087,000
Infancy (see also: Diarrhoea, etc., Ongenital Debility, etc.): —
Mortality, Comments on, 88; see also: Deaths from all causes, by age,
449; State, urban and rural, by age and in part by color, 457; in ciuea
over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 489-4194; in cities over 100,000
and in the State in the first year, by days, weeks, months, 499-502
Infancy, Disease of early, (see also above and Ophthalmia BeottMlbmm):
Deaths (1906-1913), 430; and rate, 431; deaths, tflrvi^an fl:i|6<Tund» and
in certain cities, 479, 4d6; in the iirst year, q^'^T^iif^'H^^OBths,
from certain causes, in the State and in certain cif tfO
Infantile paralysis: See Poliomyelitis. •. . ,j.
Infant Welfare Work : Of the Medical Division , ....>.... I .*//. ; 183
Infection, see under Purulent. • ' ■
Influenza: In the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 632;
Deaths, by age, 449; State, urban and rural, and in part by color, 463;
urban and rural and in certain cities, 473, 481; in cities over 100,000, by age
and in part by color, 489-493; in the State and in cities over 100,000 by
months and in part by color, 495-498 ; in the State and in cities over 100,000,
in the first year by days, weeks, months, 480-501
Ingram: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, 770; Water supply, 814
Injuries causing death: See Birth, External Causes.
Innwood Sanitarium: Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,055
Insanitary conditions: General management, 973
Inspection of houses, etc., 112
Inspection of School Children and Schools in Fourth Class School Diatricta, 257
Inspectors:
Assistant Chief Medical Inspector (cf. J. J. Mullowney), 10,13
Associate Chief Medical Inspector (cf. C. J. Hunt), 13
Chief Medical Inspector (cf. B. F. Royer), 13
Chief Field Inspector (cf. M. K. Ely), 77
County Medical Inspectors, 10,14,283
Deputy Field Officers, 79
Deputy Medical Inspector of Dispensaries (cf. B. B. Shellenberger), ... 11,52
Field and Sanitary Inspectors, 13,77,78,79,115,000
General Inspector (cf. C. W. Webbert), 13
Digitized by
Google
No. U. OOMMISSIONBR OF HBAI/FH. Ua
Medical Inspector of DiBpensaries (cf. T. H. A. Stites), B2
Railroad Medical Inspectors, 15
School Medical Inspectors, < 25,281
Statistical Inspector of Dispensaries, 52
Inspector of the Division of Statistics, 38
Instrumentalin juries causing death, (see also Suicide, Homicide, External
causes): ..T:. 456,466,479,480,487
Intercourse: Water examined. 580
International Congress of School Hygiene: Participation of the Depart-
ment, 103
Intestines: See also Diseases of the Digestive System, Diarrhoea, Abdominal
tuberculosis. Stomach, Peritonaeum, Kectum, Liver, Hernia, etc., 438,460,453,474,
482 485
Iritis in school children. 282*,287
Iron sulphate: Use in the Water Filtration Plants, 941,047,040
Ironbridge: Water examined, 580
Iron Mine Run: As a water supply, 913
Ironstone Creek: Pollution referred to counsel 1415
Irvona: School inspection 275
Irwin, Ralph E., Assistant Engineer, 77; special work, 958,1013,1015,1033,1372,1376,
1382
Irwin: School inspection, 279; Scarlet fever (vicinity), 419; Lecture on tuber-
culosis, 602; Water suj^ply, 814
Irwin Township: School inspection, 278
Iselin: Water supply, 784,942
Ivyland: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 578
Jacks Mountain Water Company: Permit, 814; sources, 857; watershed pa-
trol 972
Jackson: School inspection, 277
Jackson Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 969
JadLSon Township (Butler): School inspection, 274
Jackson Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Water supply, 814
Jackson Township (CJolumbia): School inspection, 275; Tetanus, 326
Jackson Township (Dauphin): School inspection, 275
Jackson Township (Lebanon): School inspection, 276; Water supply, 814
Jackson Township (Luzerne) : School inspection, 277
Jackson Township (Lvcoming) : School inspection , 277
Jackson Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277; Chickenpox, measles, 372
Jackson Township ^Northumberland) : School inspection, 277
Jackson Township (Perry) : School inspection, 278
Jackson Township (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever,
404; Scarlet fever. 405
Jackson Township (Tioga): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 406
Jackson Township (Venango): School inspection^ 278
Jackson Run: Sanitary Survey of watershed of ice supply, 978
Jacksonville (Indiana): School inspection, 276
Jacksonville (Westmoreland): Nuisances, etc., 775
Jacksonwald: Water examined, 579
Jameson, Dr. W. B., Dispensary physician, 57
Jamestown: Nuisances, etc., 770,771
Jamison Coal and (Doke Company: Water supply, sources and watershed
inspection, 970
Jaspan, Dr. S. C. , Assistant physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Jay Township: School inspection, 275
Jeannette:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 511; plural and il-
legitimate , 535
Smallpox, scarlet fever, 419; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602
Water supply, 814; Sewerage plans and permits, etc., — 780,866,867,878,806,896
Jeansville: Water supply, 814
Jeddo: School inspection, 277; water examined, 580
Jefferson Coun^:
County Medical Inspector, 16
Township Health OflScers, 20
School Medical Inspectors , 81
Local Registrars, 44
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72'
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 65
Abstract of reports of County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 351
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births, by sex ond month, 622; plural and illes^timate, 547
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
94
Digitized by VjOOQIC
1488 INDEX. Off. Doe.
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,890
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, .^ 777
Jefferson County Commissioners: County Home in Pine^ Creek Township,
sewerage plans and permits, 878,887
Jefferson (Greene) : School inspection , 276 ; Sanitary survey , 975
Jefferson (York): School inspection, 279
Jefferson Township (Allegheny) : Water supply, 814
Jefferson Township (Berks): School inspection, 273
Jefferson Township (Butler) : School inspection , 274
Jefferson Township (Dauphin) : School inspection , 275
Jefferson Township (Greene) : Sanitary surve/, 974
Jefferson Township (Mercer) : School inspection 277
Jefferson Township (Somerset) : School inspection , 278
Jefferson Township (Washington) : School inspection 279
Jefferson and Clearfield Coal and Iron Company: Filtration plant and opera-
tion, ; 783,942
Jeffersonville: Nuisances, etc., 774
Jenkins Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 814
Jenkintown:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; cases of the year, 606; School inspection,
277; Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 784, 814, 942, 966; Sewage plans and permits, 879,896,897
Jenkintown Water Company: Permit, 814; sources, 857; filter plant, 860
Jenks Township: School inspection , 276 : Chicken pox, 341
Jenner Township: School inspection, 278; Chicken pox, 341; smallpox, 401;
water supply, 815
Jennertown : School inspection , 278
Jermyn: School inspection, 276; Water supply and watershed inspection,.. 966
Jersey Shore:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 511; plural and il-
legitimate, 535; Nuisances, etc., 770; Typhoid fever, 190; Water ex-
amined, 680; water supply and watershed inspection, 815, 966; sewer-
age plans and permits, 867,879,895,d02
Jersey Shore Water Company: Permits, sources, watershed inspection, etc.,
815,854,966,972
Jessop, Dr. Roland, Dispensary physician, 50
Jessup Township: School inspection, 278; Whooping cough, 405
Johnetta: School inspection , 273
Johnson, Dr. Fred. (J., Medical Director of the Mont Alto Sanatorium, 59;
Report, 628; assist in examination of candidates of Forestry School, 183;
On duty at Gettysburg, 145
Johnson, Dr. T. Ben, Jr., C. M. I., Bradford County, 14; Abstract of re-
ports, 300 ; Dispensary physician 53
Johnsonburf^: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Special report on
an epidemic of typhoid fever, 1006; Water examined, 579; water supply and
watershed inspection, 815, 966; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,805,897,900
Johnsonburg Water CJompany: Permits, sources, inspection (special and de-
cree) watershed inspection, etc., 790,791,854,966,972,1007,1012
Johnston, Dr. A. R., C. M. 1., Perry County, 15; Abstract of reports,
383; Dispensary physician, 57
Johnstown :
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 444; by age, 458, 461;
from certain causes, 464, 469; from each cause and class of causes,
473; Births, by sex and month, 512; plural and illegitimate, 535: Nuis-
ances, etc., 770, 771; Unusual prevalence of diphtheria investigated,
216; Inspections regarding smallpox, 229, 230: Smallpox from a circus,
242; Communicable diseases in 1913, by months, 218; Water examined,
578 ; Water supply and watershed inspection , 815,961
Johnstown Water Company: Permit, sources, watershed inspection, etc.,
815,854,961,972
Joints ; Diseases of the:
Deaths, by age, 454; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 478,486
Tuberculosis of Joints found in school children, 262, 268; reported im-
provement 271
Ankylosed Joints in school children 263,269
Jones and I.«aughlin Steel Company: Waterworks permit, 815; sources, 852;
Sewerage plans and permits, 879,805,902
Jones cottage at the Cresson Sanatorium: Water supply and proposed im-
provements, 927
Jones Township: School inspection, J75
Jonestown: School inspection, 276; Water examined, M
Jordan, Dr. B. B., DispenMry phyBiclan« M
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 148fi
Jordan Township (Clearfield): School inspection, 276
Jordan Township (I-,ycoming) : School inspection 277
Jordan Township (Northumberland) : Scarlet fever, 382
Josephine Furnace and Coke Company: Sewerage plans and permits, 879,890
Josephine Water Company: Permit, 815; sources, 862
Julian: Water examined, 679
Juniata County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 21
School Medical Inspectors , 31
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary » 66
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable diseases and regulation of dairies because of them, 364
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes^ 467,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 522; plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913), 670
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Patients treated in the Sanatoria , 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Juniata :
Deaths, by months, 444; Births by sex and month, 512; plural and illegi-
timate, 535; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water works permit, 815; sources, 854
Juniata Township (Bedford) : School inspection, 273
Juniata Township (Blair) : School inspection, 273
Juniata Township (Huntingdon^ : School inspection , 276
Juniata Township (Perry) : School inspection, 278 ; Tuberculosis, 384
Juniata River: As a water supply, 943
Kane:
Tuberculosis Dispensary. 56; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months,
444; Births, by sex and month, 512; plural and illegitimate, 536; Sewer-
age plans and permits, 781,866,879,895,900
Kaneshorae: Diphtheria, 371
Karns City: School inspection, 274
Karthaus Township: School inspection , 275 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773
Keating Township (McKean): School inspection, 277
Keating Township (Potter) : School inspection , 278
Kech, Dr. A. S., Dispensary physician 11,53
Keefer and Shipman: Sewerage application, 780
Keene, Dr. C. E. L. , Dispensary physician, 55
Kei.ster: Inspection for diphtheria, .^ 339
Kelly Station: Water examined >^ 678
Kelly Township: School inspection, 278
Kemp's Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, ...966,1014,1016
Kennedy, Charles R., Litigation, cf. Devon Drainage Association.
Kennedy, Dr. J. P., Dispensary physician, 56
Kennedy, Dr. L. T., C. M. I., Schuylkill County, 15; Abstract of reports,
385; Dispensary physician 58
Kennedy Township: School inspection ^ . 273
Kennett: Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302; Water supply and
and watershed inspection 966
Kennett Township: School inspection , 274
Kennett Square: School inspection, 274
Kensington Water Co.: Permits, etc., sources, filter plant and operation,
784,815,854,860,939,942
Kensington Water District (Philadelphia): Water sampling, Typhoid fever,
etc., 1084-1170
Kent: Water examined, 580
Kenworthey, Dr. W. B., C. M. I., Pike County, 15; Abstract of reports,
384 ; Dispensary physician, 58
Keown: Nuisances, etc., 773
Kersey: Nuisances, etc., 773
Kibler, Dr. C . B . , Dispensary physician , 65
Kidder Township: School inspection, 274
Kidney: See also Diseases of the Genitourinary System, Nephritis, etc.,
Calculi:—
Other diseases of the kidneys and annexa: Deaths, by age, 453; urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 477,486
Kifertown: Nuisances, etc., 773
Kilbuck Township (See also West Penna. Hosp. for Ins. ; Ben Avon Heights
Sewer Co.): School inspection, 278
94—14—1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Kb*
1490 INDEX. Off. Doe.
Kilty, Dr. H. F., Dispensary physician, 11,9
Kimmel Township: School inspection, 27S
King Township: School inspection, 373
King of Prussia: Water examined, W
Kingsley Township: School inspection, 276
Kingston: Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 512; plural
and illegitimate^ 536; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 815; Sewerage
plans and permits, 979,896,902
Kingston Township: School inspection, 277; Diphtheria, 308; Mumps, Scar-
let fever. Whooping cough, 369; Water supply, 815
Kinzer, Dr. H. C., Dispensary physician, 58
Kinzua Township; School inspection, 279; Typhoid fever, 412,413
Kiskiminetas River: Sanitary survey of watershed, 977
Kittanning:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; cases of the year, 605; Investigation after
the March flood, 959; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined,
578; Water supply, 784, 815, 942: Sewerage plans and permits, 879,902
Kline, Dr. W. D., Dispensary Physician, 58
Kline Township: School inspection , 278 ; Diphtheria, 389
Knives: See Eating utensils.
Knox Township (Clarion): School inspection 275
Knox Township (Jefferson): Measles and quarantine troubles, 358
Knoxdale: Mumps, 353; Sewage nuisance 354
Knoxvllle (Allegheny): Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month,
512; plural and illegitimate, 536; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water sup-
ply, 815
noxville (Tioga): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 774; Waterworks
permit, 815; sources. 852; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,809
Koeni^, Dr. Adolph, Member of the Advisory Board, 13,81
Koppel: School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, 815
Koppel Land Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 871, 895, 899; Sewerage per-
mits, 879
Koppel Water Co . : Permit , 815 ; sources, 857 ; Watershed patrol, 972
KratserviUe: Water examined, 081
Kulpmont: Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, 815
Kulpmont Water Co. : Permit, 815 ; sources, 854
Kunkel, Dr. George B., Consulting Surgeon to Mont Alto, 60; On duty at
Gettyift)urg, 148
Kunkel, Dr. W. F., Dispensary physician, 58
Kurts, William, loans a site at (Gettysburg. 119 ; letter to 142
Kutztown: School inspection, 273; Board of Health active, 1014; Special
report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 1013; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 608;
Water examined, 578 ; Water supply and watershed inspection, 908
Kutztown Water Co.: Sources and watershed inspection, 906; special in-
vestigation, 1014
Kyle Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965,971
Labor, Mortality incident to: See Puerperal State.
Laboratories*, Departmental, (See also Divisions):
Special research work on turtles and turtle serum ; on poliomyelitis ; and
the influence of bacillary wax in modifying susceptibility to the tubercle
bacillus, 584
Work relating to the Gettysburg celebration, 129,130,578
Laboratory examinations at Mont Alto, 034
Laceyville: School inspection, 279; Infantile paralysis, 421; Water anpply
and watershed inspection, 908
Lackawanna County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 11
School Medical Inspectors, 32
Local Registrars, 45
Distributors of Antitoxins, 72
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 98
Abstract of reports of the Countv Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable disenRefl. nnd regulntion of dairies bocaufte of them 35S
Summary of work of Health Officers 138
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 522: plurnl nnd illegitimate M"
Marriages, by months, 569: rate, by years (1906-1913) 879
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 105
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 617,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,.. 688
Map« drawn or revised 777
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1401
Lackawanna Township : School inspection , 276 ; Water supply, 810
Lackawannock Township: Measles, 372 ; Mumps, 373
Lafayette Township: School inspection, 277
Lafln: School inspection, 277: Water supply, 815
Lake Township (Luzerne) : School inspection, 277
Lake Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277; Chicken pox, 372
Lake Township (Wayne): School Inspection, 279
Lakes, etc., as water supplies, 868
Lake Oarey: as an ice supply. Watershed inspection, 978; nuisances, etc., 772
Lake Erie: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Lake Nephawin : As a water supply , watershed inspection , 984
Lake Sheridan : As a water supply and watershed inspection, 966
Lake Winola: Nuisances, etc. , 772
Lakemont Terrace: Nuisances, etc. , 773
Lamar Township: School inspection, 275
Lamb's Greek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 966
Lancaster County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 21
School Medical Inspectors 32
Local Registrars 45
Distributors of Antitoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector ; inrestiaation of com-
municable diseases, and regulating of dairies because of them, 368
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural births, by sex and month, 522; plural and illegitimate, 547
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School insjpection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Cnildren, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,.. 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Lancaster:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 444, by age, 458, 461;
-from certain causes, 464, 469; from each cause and class of causes,
481; Births, by sex and month, 512; plural and illegitimate, 536; Baby
Saving Show, 188
Pellagra, 182
Water examined, 580; Waterworks: permit, sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed inspection , 784,816,854,942,961
Sewerage plans and permits, ^ 879,895,902
Lancaster Township (Butler): School inspection, ^ 274
Lancaster Township (Lancaster): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 774
Lancaster Water Filtration Co.: Permit, 816; Sources, 854; filter plant,.... 860
Landenberg: Scarlet fever, 819
Landingville: School inspection, 278
Landisburg: School inspection, 278
Landisville: Sewerage investigated, 958
Landslides:
Deaths, by age, 455; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 480,487
Lanesboro: School inspection, 278
Langhome: School inspection, 274
Langhome Manor: School inspection, ^ 374
Lansdale: School inspection, 277; Typhoid fever attributed to PhUadelphia,
1302; Water examined, 580; Water supply, 816; Sewerage plans and per-
mits 780,867,879,895,897
Lansdale Water Co. : Permit, 816 ; sources, . ; 852
Lansdowne: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever attributed to Philadel-
phia, 1303; Water supply, 816; Sewerage plans and permits, ....866,879,895,897,900
Lansford:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months,
444; Births, by sex and month, 512, plural and illegitimate, 536; Water
supply, 816; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,902
La Plume: School inspection 276
Laporte: School inspection, 278; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, .... 816
Laporte Township: School inspection, 278
Lardners Point pumpins station (Philadelphia) , 1033,1039,1306
Lane, Dr. C. P., CM. I., Somerset County, 15; Abstract of reports, 400;
Dispensary physician, 5g
Larimer Township: School inspection, 278 ; Chicken pox, 401
Larksville:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 512; plural and fl-
legitimate, 536; Water supply, 81^
Digitized by
Google
14D2 INDEX. Ofif. Doc.
Larry's Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, M6; Pollution
referred to counsel, U17
Laryngeal Diphtheria : Results of treatment with antitoxin , 722
Laryngitis: and its treatment at Mont Alto, 631; as a fatal complication
at Mont Alto, 631; Treatment with the Biological Products of the Tuberde
Bacillus, at Mont Alto, 669 ; at Cresson, 701
Larynx, Diseases of the:—
Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 476,484
Lathrop, Dr. H. B., C. M. I., Susquehanna County, 15; Abstract of re-
ports, 404
Lathrop Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 404; Diphtheria, 405
Liatrobe:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 612; plural and il-
legitimate, 536; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and watershed in-
spection, 784, 816, 939, 966; Sewerage application, 780
•Latrobe Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant, watershed inspection,
784,816,854,860,939,966
Laurel Run (Borough): Water supply, 816
Laurel Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961,964,968
Lausanne Township: School inspection, 274
I^avelle: rhicken pox , .^188
Lawn: Nuisances, etc., 774
Lawrence County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health OfiBcers, 21
School Medical Inspectors, 32
Ijocal Registrars, 45
Distributors of Antitoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensary 56
Abstract of reports of the County Iklcdical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 381
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Tlur;il births, by 8'»x mul month, ;">23: phirnl r.Tid il]e';itirante, 5-17
Marriages, by months, /)69 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,.. 863
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Lawrence Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 406; W^ater ex-
amined , 581
Lawrenceville: No Board of Health , 406 ; Scarlet fever, 406
Leacock Township: School inspection , 276
Lead poisoning: see. under Poison.
I^banon County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 21
School Medical Inspectors, 32
Local Registrars, 45
Distributors of Antitoxin, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 363
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, ^47; from certain causes, 467,471
Rurnl births, by s'^x ai'd month, 523; plural mpH i'loTitiraate 5J.S
Marriages, by months, 569 : rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 276; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,.. 663
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Lebanon County Medical Society: Lecture by a representative of the Depart-
ment 108
Lebanon:
Tub'^rciilosis Di^sponsTry, 56; iipe of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1906-1913),
745; cases of th** yi^ar, 60."); School insp'^ction. 276; Deaths, by months.
444: by np^, -^'S, 401: from certain cnus'^s, 464, 469; Births, by sex and
month, 513: nl-ral nnd ill-jritimati-'. 536; Water examined, 580; Nui-
s.-inces. etc.. 770, 771; Baby S.iving Show. 18,3; Smallpox from a circus,
241; Wntorworks permits, !HOiiro<\s, watershed patrol, 791, 816, 857, 942,
972; Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 785,879,895,896,955,957
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. C30MM1SSI0NE11 OF ttEALTtt. 14W
LelMinon Township: School inspection, 279 ; Whooping cough , 417
Lebanon Valley Consolidated Water Supply Co.: Permits, etc., sources,
filter plant and operation, 784,816,854,860,942
LeBoeuf Township: School inspection, 275; Scarlet fever, 337
Leckie, Dr. J. W., Dispensary physician, 66
Leckrone: Typhoid fever, 338; Water examined, 679
Lecture tour of the Manager of the Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602
Lee, Dr. Benjamin, Assistant to the Commissioner, 13; Notes of his life and
work, 6
Leecbburg (Armstrong): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770, 774;
Water examined, 578; Water supply and watershed inspection, 816,942,966
Leecbburg (Hillville School) (Westmoreland) : Water examined , 681
Leesport: Nuisances, etc., 773
Leet Township (See also Fair Oaks Land Co.): School inspection, 273
Leetsdale: School inspection, 273
Leffler, Dr. W. H., Dispensary physician, 62
Leggett Creek: As a water supply, 945
Legislation of 1913 affecting the Department and its work , 81,109
Lehigh County:
County Medical Inspector, 16
Township Health Officers, 21
School Medical Inspectors, 32
Local Registrars, 45
Distributors of Antitoxin, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 66
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, .... 365
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural laortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural Births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illogitimate, • 648
Marriages, by months, 569; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 680
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 677
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
lichigh County Commissioners : Sewerage permit, 879
Lehigh County Home and Almshouse: Sewerage plans and permits, 896;
Plant and operation, 786,955,957
Lehigh Township (Carbon) (See also Middle Coal Field Poor Dist.):
School inspjection, 274
Lehigh Township (Lackawanna) : School inspection , 276
Lehigh Township (Northampton): Nuisances, etc., 772
Lehigh Township (Wayne) : School inspection, 279
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company: Water sources, inspection of the
shed, 971
Lehigh Water Co. : Permits, 816 ; sources, 857 ; filter plant, 860
Lehigh River: As a water supply, 945, 10a5; Sanitary of watershed, 977;
Pollutions referred to counsel, 1416
Lehigh Gap: Nuisances, etc., 774
Lehiffhton:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 613; plural and il-
legitimate, 536; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,895,897
Tubman Township (Luxerne): School inspection, 277
Lehman Township (Pike): School inspection, 278
Lehr, Dr. M. D., Dispensary Physician, 55
Leidy Township: School inspection, 275
Leighty Hollow Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 970
Leisenring Spring: As a water supply, 1005
I^emont : Water examined , 579
Lemoyne: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 784,817
Lenni Heights Water Co. : Permit, 817 : sources, 852
Lenox Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 404
Leprosy: Morbidity ; (1906-1913) , 553; urban and rural, by months, 555; mor-
tality, 449
Le Raysville: Sanitary survey, 975
Le Roy: Water supply and water inspection, 970
Lester: Typhoid fever, 332
Letter of Transmittal, 3
Letter to parents regarding defects found in school children, 260,262
Letterkin Township: Water examined, 579
Lettuce and the truck farms of Philadelphia, 1256
Leuchaemia:
Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Digitized by
Google
1^ INDEX. Off. Doe.
LewiB Township (Ly coming): School inspection, 277
Lewis Township (Northumberland): School inspection, 277
Lewis Township (Union): School inspection, 278
Lewis Run: Scarlet fever, 370; Board of Health incompetent, 371
Lewisburg: School inspection, 278; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Nuisances,
etc., 770; Water examined, 581; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,885,902
Lewistown: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of Tubercle BacOli Products
(1906-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 444; Births,
by sex and month, 513; jplural and illegitimate, 586; Tuberculosis Exhibit,
602; Smallpox from a circus, 242; Sewerage plans and permits, 879,895,902
Lewisville (Chester): Water examined, 579
Lewisville (Potter): School inspection, 278; Sewerage plans and permits,
866,879,896,897,900
Liberty: School Inspection, 273
Liberty Township (Adams) : School inspection, 273
Liberty Township (Bedford) : School inspection, 273
Liberty Township (Ontre) : Whooping cough, 317
Liberty Township (McKean): School inspection, 277
Liberty Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277
Liberty Township (Montour) : School inspection, 277
Liberty Township (Susquehanna): School inspection, ,','.',. 278
Liberty Township (Tioga) : School inspection, 278 ; Chicken pox, ! 407
Lice on school children, 263,260,269
License: See Marriage License.
Licking Township: School inspection, 275
Licking Creek Township: Smallpox, 343
Lids : See Blepharitis , Trachoma .
Lighting of schools, 272
Lightning as a cause of death, by age, 456; urban and rural, and in certain
^.«ti«8 480,487
Ligonier:
School inspection, 279; Waterworks permit, 817; sources, 854; patrol
of watershed, 972; Sewerage plans, permits, plant, ..780,785,867,879,896,896,957
Lilly:
School inspection , 274 ; Water supply and watershed inspection, 906
Lime, see Calcium oxide. Hypochlorite of Lime.
Lime Kiln Run: as a water supply, watershed inspection, 9Q8
Limestone Township (Clarion): School inspection, !!!!!!! 275
Limestone Township (Lycoming) : School inspection , !!!!!!! 277
Limestone Township (Warren): School iospection, 279; Scarlet fever' .!.'.' 412 413
Lincoln Township (Allegheny): School inspection, 273
Lincoln Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, !..!!!!!!! 276
Lincoln Township (Somerset): School inspection, !!!!!!!!!. 278
Line Lexington: Water examined, .'!!*' 578
Linn , Guy F . (Whi taker Borough) : Waterworks Application, ..!.!!!!!!!!!! 778
Litchfield Township: School inspection, ^. * 374
Litigation in which the Department was concerned, 114; (relating to seweiv
a^e, pollutions, etc.), 140g
Lititz: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., '..!!!!!!!!!.. 770
Little Antietam Creek as a water supply, ,,..'. 904
Little ^ntietam Creek (East Branch): as a water supply, watershed inspect
tion, ^^
Little Beaver Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, !.!!!. 1417
Little Chartiers Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 943' 964*
(tributary): as a water supply, watershed inspection, ' ffn
Little Conestoga Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed , \[ 974
Little Crabtree Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection^ !!! 970
Little Italy (Carbon Co.): Water supply and watershed inspection 07Q
Little Mahanoy Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 983* Pol^
lutions referred to counsel \ j427
Little Meadows: School inspections, !!!!!! 278
Little Paint Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection ,968 •* Doliu-
tion referred to counsel, , J424
Little Shamokin Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection! 9ifi 963
Little Ten Mile Run: As a water supply, 945
Little Tuscarora Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspectioni 966
Littlestown: No Board of Health, 285
Live Stock Breeders Association: Addressed by the Commissioiier lOB
Liver, Disease of. See also Diseases of the Digestive System Cancer ••^'
Deaths, •••••••; V" *,;;«• xV*. 438,450,453,468U74,477 ,482,485,499494
Livermorc: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., '^°^'^j^
Liverpool: School inspection, 278
Liverpool Township: School inspection, 278; Diphtheria,* 'SK^'^'siililiiox! 384
Lisard Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, ' 074
Lloydell: Nuisances, etc., jj3
Digitized by
Google
No. U. €X)MMISdIONER OF tubat/ttt 1«5
Lock Haven:
Tuberculosis Dispensary* 5i; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products, (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months, 441; Births, by sex and
month, 513; plural and illegitimate, 537; Smallpox, 323; Lecture on
Tuberculosis, 602; Waterworks permit, 817; sources, 854; Sewerage
plans and permits. 867,879,899
Locomotion, Diseases of the Organs of, (See also Bones, Musdes, Rheuma-
tism, and below):—
Deaths, by age, 454; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 478,486
Locomotor ataxia:
Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities. 475,483
Locust Township: School inspection, 275; Measles, 325; CSerebrospinal men-
ingitis, 329
Lodging houses. Cf. Housing.
Logan Township (Blair) : Water supply , 817 ; Nuisances , etc . , 773
Logan Township (Clinton): School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, 324
Logan Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 276
Logan Branch Greek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Logans Ferry: Smallpox 286
Logansport: Chicken pox, 289
Loganton: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, 324
Loganville: School inspection, 279
Londonderry Township: School inspection, 274
Londonderry Water Co.: Permit, 817; sources, 857
Londongrove Township: School inspection, '. 274
Longswamp Township: School inspection, 273 ; Measles, 295
Lopea: Water examined, 581; Scarlet fever, 403; Quarantine troubles and fine, 404
Lorane: Water examined, .-r 578
Loretto: School inspection, 274
Lost Creek: Nuisances, etc., 774
Lower Allen Township (See also Elkwood Sewerage Co.): —
School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 773; Water supply, 817
Lower Alsace Township : Nuisances, etc . , 773 ; Water supply , 817
Lower Augusta Township: School inspection, 277
Lower Burrdl Township (See also Valley Camp Association): —
Nuisances, etc^ 772,774
Lower Chanceford Township : Nuisances, etc. , 772
Lower Chichester Township: School inspection, 275 ^Water supply, 817
Lower Gwynedd Township: School inspection, 277 ; Water supply, 817 ; Per-
mit, 817; sources, 852
Lower Heidelberg Township (See also State Asylum for the Chronic Insane) :
School inspection, 273; Water supply, 817
Lower Macungie Township: Chicken pox, 366
Lower Mahanoy Township: School inspection, 277
Lower Makefield Township: School inspection, 274
Lower Merion Township : Nuisances, etc . , 770 ; Typhoid fever , 378
Water supply, 817; (investigated), 958; Sewerage plans and permits,
880,896,899
Lower MifSin Township: School inspection, 275
Lower Milford Township: School inspection, 277; Erysipelas, 366
Lower Mt. Bethel Township: School inspection, 277
Lower Nazareth Township: Water supply, 817
Lower Paxton Township: School inspection, 275
Lower Providence Township (See also Phila. Jewish Sanatorium):
Water examined, 580
Lower Roxborough Filter Plant and Water District (Philadelphia):
Notes on. 1033,1263,1278-1284,1291,1294
Lower St. Clair Township: School inspection, 273
Lower Salford Township: Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia, 1302;
Water examined, 580
Lower Saucon Township: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 774;
Water supply 817
Lower Swatara Township: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 775
Lower Towamensing Township (See also New Jersey Zinc Co., Palmer Land
Co.): School inspection, 274; Smallpox, 315; Water supply, 817
Lower Turkeyfoot Township:
Chicken pox, erysipelas. 401; Quarantine violation and action, 402
Lower Yoder Township: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913), .... 227
Lowerv, Dr. W. J., Dispensary physician 56
LowhiU Township: School inspection. 277
Loyalhanna Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 966,974
Loyalsock Township: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 774, 775
Loyalsock Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Loyalton: Water examined, 579
Lucesco: Scarlet fever, 419
Lucknow: Nuisances, 774
Digitized by
Google
1496 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Ludlow: Dysentery, 371; Water supply, 817
Ludwick Institute Lectures by members of the Department, 102
Lumber City: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770
Lumber Township: School inspection, 274
Lungs: See Diseases of the Respiratory System, Tuberculosis, Gangrene,
Asthma, Pneumonia, etc.
Lupus found in the inspection of school children, 263,269
I.urgan Township: Diphtherii 342
Luthersburg: Water examined, 579
Luxor: Water supply, watershed inspection, 970
Luzerne County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 21
School Medical Inspectors, 32
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Antitoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable disenses, and regulation of dairies because of them, 367
Summary of work of Hoalth Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447 ; from certain causes, 467,471
Rural Births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 548
Marriages, by months, 569; rate, by years (1906-1913) StO
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Luzerne County Central Poor District Hospital for Insane and Almshouse:
Waterworks permits, 818; sources, 857
Luzerne County Industrial School for Boys: Sewerage application, 780
Luzerne:
Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 513; plural and ille-
gitimate, 537; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 818
Luzerne Township: School inspection, 276
Lycoming County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Antitoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable disenses, and regulation of dairies because of them, 969
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447 ; from certain causes 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 543
Marriages, by months , 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
Sch':^ol (.'hildren, by s'x svd nativity 2*?~
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Lycoming County Medical Society: Addressed by a representative of the De-
partment, 103
Lycoming Township: School inspection, 277
Lycoming Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed , 974
Lykens: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; cases of the year, 606; School inspec-
tion, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Special report of an Investigation of casa
of typhoid fever, 208; Water examined, 579; Water supply, 818; Sewerage
plans and permits, Si0,895,900
Lykens Township: School inspection , 275
Lykens Water Co.: Permit, etc., sources, watershed patrol 818,854.*r2
Lymanville: School inspection, 27S
Lyn^hatic System, Diseases of the:
Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 476.^^*
Lynch Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965
Lynn Township: Malarial fever. Measles 3%
Lynnville: Water examined , SjiO
Lyons Station : Nuisances, etc. , 772
McAdoo: School Inspection, 278; Sewerage plans and permits* 880,896,902
McAllisters Run: As a water supply, 915
McAllisterville: Nuisances, etc., 773
McAneny, Dr. J., Dispensary physician, , U|M
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1497
McCalmont Township: Scarlet fever, 852
McGandless Township: School inspection, 273
McCartersviUe (Philadelphia) : Water supply, 1048
McOlure, H. M., (Selinsgrove) : Sewerage plans and permits, 880,899,900
McClure: Nuisances, etc., 772
McConnellsburg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 65, 599; School inspection, 276;
Smallpox, 182 ; Sanitary survey, 975 ; Water examined, 580
McGonnellstown: Measles, 346
McConnon, Dr. 6. H., Dispensary physician, 56
!Vfo('ormi'^k*8 Islfuid: Wsiter examined, .*>79
McCoy Run, as a water supply, 990
McCready, Dr. J. H., Dispensary physician, 53
McDermott, Dr. B. A., Dispensary physician, 68
McDonald : School inspection, 279 ; Smallpox, 414
McDowell, Dr. H. F,, Dispensary physician, 58
McEwenaville: School inspection, 277
McGee Run, as a water supply, watershed inspection, 96i
McGirk, Dr. C. E., Dispensary physician, ..., 54
McHenry Township: School inspection, 277
Mcllhaney, Dr, W. H., Dispensary physician, 67
Mclntyre Township: School inspection, 277
McKean County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Antitoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 56
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 370
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 648
Marriages, by months . 569 : n» te, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
school children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,. 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
McKean Township: School inspection , 275 ; Scarlet fever, 336
McKee, Dr. R. E., Bacteriologist at Mont Alto, 12,60
McKee, Dr. T. N., C. M. I., Armstrong County, 14; Abstract of reports,
2S8; Dispensary physician 53
McKeesport: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 52; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913) , 745 ; ca ses of the year , 606
Deaths by months, 444; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 464, 469;
from each cause and class of causes, 481; Births by sex and month,
513; plural and illegitimate, 537; Cerebrospinal meningitis, 288;
Water eTnminod. .57S: W'^t'^r snpplv.: Permits, so'irces, filter
rl-^n*- f^ml op^rntion, 784, 818, R'y*, 850, 942: Sewornrre plans and
permits, 880,899
McKees Rocks: Deaths, by months, 444; by age, 458, 461; from certain
causes, 464, 469; Births by sex and month, 513: plural and illegitimate,
537; Nuisances, etc., 770; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined,
578; Water supply, 818
McKees Run, as a water supply, 943
McKnightstown: Nuisances, etc. , 773
McKown, Dr. H. L.: C. M. I., Wyoming County, 15; Abstract of reports,
420 : Dispensary physician 50
McMahon: School Inspection, 279
McMichaels Creek: Sanitary Survey of watershed, 974
McMullen , Dr. J. W. , Dispensary physician, 55 ; On duty at Gettysburg, 145
McNall, Dr. J. M. , Dispensary physician, 63
McNemy. Dr. A. F., Dispensary physician, 11,58
McNett Township: School inspection , 277 ; Typhoid fever 369
McSherrystown: School inspection, 273; No Board of Health, 285; Water
supply, watershed inspection, 818,967
Mace Sprinsrs Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 964
Machines, Traumatic deaths caused by: By age, 456; urban and rural and in
certain cities, 479,487
Mackrell, Dr. John, Dispensary physician 63
Macungie: School inspection, 277; Water works permit, 818; sources, 857
Madera: Tvecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water supply, 818
Madera Water Company: Permit, 818, Sources, 852
Ma4ifiO|i: School inspection, 279
Digitized by
Google
14SS INDEX. Off. Doc.
Madison Township (Armstrong): Nuisances, etc., 774; Water examined, .... 578
Madison Township (Clarion): Si?hool inspection, 275
Madison Township (Lackawanna) : School inspection 276
Madison Township (Perry) : Mumps, 38(
Mahaffey: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579
Mahony dty: Deaths, by months, 444; by age, 458, 461 : from certain caiues,
465, 469; Births, by sex and mouth, 513; plural aud illegitimate, 537; water
supply, 818
Mahony City Water Company: Permits, etc., 818; sources, SSJ
Mahony Township: Water supply, 818
Mahanoy Planes: Nuisances, etc., 774
Mahon, John M.. Jr., Assistant Engineer, 77
Mahoning Township (Armstrong): School inspection, 273
Ma honing Township (Carbon) : School inspection , 274
Mahoning Township (Lawrence) : School inspection, 276
Mahoning Township (Montour), (See also State Hospital for the Insane): —
School inspection, 277; Water supply, 818
Mahoning Creek: As a water supply, 945; Sanitary survey of watershed, .... 973,974
Maiden Creek: As a water supply, 945, 1368; Watershed inspection, 961;
Pollution referred to counsel, 1413,1415
Mainland: Water examined 580
Malarial fever: Morbidity, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 555;
in Lehigh County, 368
Mortality: Deaths by age, 449; State, urban and rural, and in pjirt by color,
463; urban and rural and in certain cities, 473, 481; in the State and in
cities over 100,000, by months and in part by color, 495-498; in cities over
100,000, by age and in part by color, 48(My)3
Malformations, Congenital: Deaths, by age, 454; State, urban and rural, and
in part by color, 468; urban and rural and in certain cities, 478. 486; in
cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 490494; in the State and
in cities over 100,000, in the first year by days, weeks, months, iSt^SOl
Malnutrition, see Nutrition.
Malone, Dr. C. M., Dispensary physician, 57
Malvern: School inspection, 274; Sanitary survey, 975
Manatawney Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, 1415
Manayunk (Philadelphia) : Water supply, etc. , 1283,1281,1282
Manchester: School inspection, 279
Manchester Township (Wayne) : School inspection , 279 ; Smallpox. 417
Manchester Township (York): School inspection, 279; Water supply, 819
Manheim: School inspection, 276; Water exammed, 580; Water supply and
water inspection, 90Q
Manheim Water Company: Sources, watershed inspection, 966
Manheim Township (Lancaster): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc.,
775; Water supply, 819
Manheim Township (York): School inspection 279
Manheim Township Water Company: Permit, 819; sources, 854; filter plant, 800
Mann, Dr. C. H., Dispensary physician, 57
Mann Township: School inspection, 273
Manns Choice: School inspection, 273
Mannsville: Water examined, 581
Manor: School inspection, 279; Water supply^ 819
Manor Township (Armstrong): School inspection, 273; Diphtheria, scarlet
fever, 290; Tuberculosis, typhoid fever, 291
Manor Township (Lancaster): School inspection 278
Manorville: School inspection, 273; Sewerage plans and permits, 880,902
Mansfield: School inspection, 278; Measles, mumps (Normal Sdiool), 406;
Water supply and watershed inspection, 966; Sewerage plans and permits, 880,889
Mansfield Water 0>mpany: Sources, watershed inspection, 966
Manure Pit, Sanitary, at the Hamburg Sanatorium, 994
Mapleton: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 819
Maps made or revised, 776
"Marasmus", See Congenital Debility, etc.
Marcus Hook: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 819; Sewerage plans and
-J>«™i<»i •. • 881,895,897,902
Maria: Nuisances, etc., 774
Marianna. (Soe also Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co.): School inspection, 27Q: WatAr
supply and watershed inspection, 784,819,999,913,968
Mananna Water Company: Permits, sources, filter plant and operation,
watershed inspection, 784,819,854,860,939,912,966
Mane Water Company: Permit, 819; sources, 854; Watershed patrol, 972
Marietta: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply 819
Marietta Gravity Water Company: Permit, 819; sources, 854; Watershed
inspection, g7<2
Marion Township: School inspection, 274
Marion Center: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 819
Digitized by
Google
^o. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1400
Marion Center Water Company, See J. H. Rochester.
Marion Heights: School inspection, 277
Mark, Coleman B., Assistant Engineer, 77
Markle and ii^rank (Union town): Sewerage plans and permits, 881,899
Markieysburg: School inspection, 276
Marlboro Township: School inspection, 277; Impetigo contagiosa, 379
Mar-Lin: Water supply, watershed inspection, 819,970
Mai>Lin Water Company: Permit, 790, 819; sources, 854, 970; watershed
inspection , 970
Marple Township: School inspection, 275; Inspection of a watercress farm,
1302; Water supply, 819
Marriage: Act r^arding licenses ; Form of application, Ill
Marriage Statistics: Comments, 89; Marriages, of the year and by months
and counties, btib; rate by counties (1006-1913), 570; (^uotity, by brides and
grooms, 571; First, by nativity and age of brides and grooms, 571
Mars: litigation concerning sewerage, 1408; Nuisances, etc., 772; Typhoid
fever^ 310; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined, 578; water works permit,
819; sources, 852 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,805,897
Marsh Creek: As a water supply and watershed inspection, 121, 127, 943, 962;
pollution referred to counsel, 1413
Marshall, Dr. Clarence J., Member of the Advisory Board, 13,81
Marshall, Dr. John P., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,59
Marshall Township: School inspection, 275
Marshall Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Martic Township: School inspection, 276
Martin's Oeek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 963,974
Martinsburg: School inspection, 273
Martindale Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, watershed patrol, 819,854,968,972
Marysville: School inspection, 278 ; Water supply, 819
Marysville Water Company: Permits, 819; sources, 857; watershed patrol, 972
Masonic Home (near liUizabethtown) : Sewerage Disposal Plant, 787,957
Maisontown: School inspection, 276; Waterworks permits, sources, filter plant
and operation, 784, 819, 854, 860, 942; Sewerage plans and permits, ....881,805,897
Mastersonville: Nuisances, etc., 775
Masterton, Lee, Member of the Advisory Board. 13,81
Matamoras: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 819
Matamoras Citizens Water Company: Permit, 819; sources, 862
Mateer, Dr. H. O., Dispensary physician, 11,53
Matthews, Dr. W. E.: C. M. I., Cambria County, 14; Abstract of reports,
311; Dispensary physician, M
Mattresses, Act of Assembly concerning, 109
Mauch Chunk: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; Cases of the year, 606; School
inspection, 274; Smallpox, 387, 391, 397; Sanitary survey, 975; Water
supply , 819
Mauch Chunk Water Company: Permits, etc., 819; sources, 857; watershed
patrol, 972
Mauch Chunk Township : School inspection, 274: Water supply, 820
Mauch Chunk Township Water (Company, (See also Panther Valley Water
Co.): Permit, 820
Maulfair, Dr. H. E., Dispensary physician, 56
May berry Township: School inspection, 277 ; Measles, 381 ; Nuisances, etc., .. 775
Mayfield (Lackawanna): School inspection, 276
Mayfield (Westmoreland) : Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Mayfield Yards (Citizens) (Lackawanna): Sewerage plans and permits, ..881,805,902
Mead Township: School mspection, 279
Meadville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 444; by age,
458, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births by sex and month, 513;
j^ural and illegitimate, 537; Investigation after the March flood, 959;
Water examined, 579; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,897,900
Measles: Morbidity (1906-1913). 553; urban and rural, by months, 555; Mor-
tality: Death rate (1906-1913), 434; by months, and by sex and age (1906-
1913), 435; by age, 449; State, urban and rural, and in part by color, 463;
urban and rural and in certain cities, 473, 481: in cities over 100,000,
by ase and in part by color, 489-493; in the State and in cities over
100,000, by months and in part by color, 495-488 ; in the State and in cities
over luO.uOO, in the lirst year, by days, weeks, months, 499-501
Notes on rural cases in the counties, 283,287,288,290,292,293,294,295,299,
302, 308, 309, 312,314,315,316,318,321,322,325,327,328,329,330,332,333,334,
336, 338, 340, 341,342,343,344,346,348,350,351,353,354,355,357,359,361,366,
368, 372, 375, 377,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,388,395,396,308,399,401,404,
405,406,407,408,409,411,412,413,414,417,418,419,421,423,424,425
Notes on the prevalance, 84, 187 ; and on neglect, 295,306,309,318
Found in school inspections, 263; in the previous medical history of
patients at Mont Alto, 632
Digitized by
Google
1500 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Measles, German: Morbidity, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by montfaa,
554: Mortality is included in "other Epidemic Diseases" (449, etc.): Notes
on rural cases in the counties, ....295,313,314,333,354,355,370,379,381,384,405,412,418
Mechanicsburg: School inspection, 275; Water ^examined, 579; water supply,
784, 820, 942, (and watershed inspection), 967
Mechanicsburg Gas and Water Company: Permits, 820; sources, 857; filter
plant and operation, 784, 860, 942; special inspection, 968
Media: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water examined, 579;
water supply, filter plant and operation, watershed inspection, 784,942,962
Medical Division, see Divisions of the Department.
Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania: Participation of the Depart-
ment in the Annual Meeting, 104 ; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602
Medicine for Dispensary patients, 608
Medico-Chirurgical Hospital of Philadelphia loans ambulances for the Gettys-
burg anniversary, 144
Mehoopany: Nuisances, etc., 775
Mehoopany Township: School inspection, 279; Chicken pox, 422
Melrose, Nuisances, etc., 773
Menallen Township: School inspection, 273
Meningitis (See also Cerebrospinal meningitis. Diseases of the Nervous Sys-
tem): Deaths, by age, 451; State, urban and rural, and in part by color,
463; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475, 483; in cities over 100,000,
by age and in part by color, 489-494 ; in the State and in cities over 100,000,
by months and in part by color, 495-498; in the State and in cities over
100,000, in the first vear by days, weeks, months, 499-501 ; as a fatal com-
plication at Mont Alto, 631
Meningitis, Tuberculous, (See also Tuberculosis): Deaths, 437,450,474,482,
489-494,499^1
Menno Township: School inspection, 277
Mental diseases (alienation, except General Paralysis): Deaths, by age, 451;
State, urban and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
Mercer County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Aiititoxins, 73
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57
Abstracts of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, .... 371
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 548
M.irriMpea, by mujiths. o(jO; rate, by years (1900 1913) o/D
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Tjaboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Mercer: School inspection, 277; Water examined, 580; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 962; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,806,902
Mercer Township: School inspection, 274
Mercer Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 962
Mercersburg: School inspection, 276; Water examined, 579; Water supply, 820
Morcersburg Water Company : Permit, 820 ; sources, 854
Merion: Nuisances, etc., 772
Mertztown : Water examined , 578
Meshoppen: School inspection, 279
Meshoppcn Township: School inspection, 279; Measles, 421
Meshoppen Creek ; Sanitary survey of Wa tershed 974
Metal Township : School inspection , 276 ; Water examined , 579
Meters, Water: Value for Philadelphia, 1(H7
Meyers, Dr. H. F. , Dispensary physician 56
Meyersdale: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 6C6; School
inspection, 278: Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Nuisances, etc., 770: Milk ex-
amined, 577; Water examined, 581; Water supply and watershed inspection,
820, 967; Sewerage plans and permits, 780,867,881,896,897,900
Mickle Run, as a water supply, watershed inspection, 9S3
Microorganisms (See also Racteria): of Poliomyelitis; further studies, 584
Middleboro: School inspection, 275
Middleburg: School inspection, 278
Middlebury Township: School inspection, 278; Measles, Typhoid fever, 406
Middle Coal Field Poor District (Carbon Co.): Sewerage plans, permits, and
disposal plant 780,786,867,881,806,957
Middlecreek Township (Snyder): School inspection, 278
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1501
Middlecreek Township (Somerset) : School inspection , 278
Middle Pazton Township: School inspection, 275; Water supply, : 820
Middleport: School inspection, 278 ; Water supply, 820
Middleport Water Company: Permit, 820; sources, 864
Middlesex Township (Butler): School inspection, 274
Middlesex Township (Cumberland) : School inspection, 275
Middle Taylor Township: School inspection, 274
Middletown: (See also Middletown Drainage Co.): Deaths, by months, 444;
Births, by sex and month, 513; plural and illegitimate, 537; Anthrax, 331;
Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 579; Water supply, watershed in-
spection, 784,820,9e7
Middletown Drainage Ck>mpany: Sewerage plans and permits, 881,895,900
Middletown Township (Bucks) (See also Fred. Rumpfs Sons): Typhoid feyer
306 : Chicken pox, 309 ; Water examined, 578
Middletown Township (Delaware), (See also Delaware County House of
Employment; Glen Mills Schools; Penna. Training School for F. M. C. ;
Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades.): School inspection, 275;
Water su pply , 820
Middletown Township (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever, 405
Middletown & Swatara Consolidated Water Company: Permit, etc., sources,
filter plant and operation, watershed inspection, 784,820,854,860,942,907
Midland: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 784,820,939
Midland Water (Ik)mpany: Sources, 854; Permit, sources, filter plant,
779,784,790,791,820,854,860,939
Midway: School inspection, 279
Midwives, Act of Assembly concerning, ' 110
Mifflin County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars, 46
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; inyestigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 375
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 548
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
Smallpox from a circus, 243
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
school children, by sex and nativity, 265
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Mifflin Township (Allegheny): Nuisances, etc.^ 770; Water supply, 820
Mifflin Township (Columbia): School inspection, 275
Mifflin Township (Dauphin): School inspection, 275
Mifflinbnrg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 605; School-
inspection, 278
Mifflintown: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1900-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; School inspection, 27G: Niiis^.ncf^s,
, etc., 771
Mildred: Nuisances, etc., 773
Milesburg: School inspection, 274 ; Water examined, 579
Milford: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58, 599; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; School inspection, 278
Milford Township (Bucks): School inspection, 274; Diphtheria, 307
Milford Township (Juniata) : Water supply, 821
Milford Township (Pike) : School inspection, 278
Milford Township (Somerset): School inspection, 278
Miliary fever: Deaths, 449
Miliary Tuberculosis (See also Tuberculosis): Deaths, 437,450,474,482
Milk examinations in the Laboratories, 577; examinations at Mont Alto and
in the dairies of supply, 635; on free distribution (Dispensaries) 175; for
Dispensary patients, 608; Regulation of production and sale because of
communicable diseases, 186; see also the Abstracts of the reports of the
0. M. I„ 283
Investigations concerning the relation of milk supplies to outbreaks of
typhoid fever: ..189,193,205,210,214,332,338,367,986,988.992,996,998,1004,
1011,1012,1019,1020,1021,1023,1029,1124,1129,1137,1146,1147,1250.1366,1367
.,.„^ 1368,1372,1375,1380,1393,1402,1406
Millboume: Sewerage plans and permits, 866,881,895,900
Mill City (vie): Creamery Nuisance, 420; Measles, 421; Chicken pox, 422
Mill Creek (borough): School inspection, 276; Measles, 346
Mdlcreek Township (Clarion): School inspection, 275
Digitized by
Google
15Q2 ' INDEX. Off. Doc.
Millcreek Township (Erie) (See also Erie Improvement 0>.): School inspec-
tion, 275; Water examined, 579; Intestinal infection, * 330,337
Millcreek Township (Lebanon): School inspection, 276
Millcreek Township (Lycoming): School inspection, 277
Millcreek Township (Mercer): Impetigo contagiosa, 374
Mill Greek, see also ^ig Mill Greek.
Mill Greek (Berks Go.): As a water supply for the Hamburg Sanatorium, .... 031
Mill Greek (Bradford Go.): As a water supply, 778, 783, M3, (and watershed
inspection) 964; Pollution referred to counsel, 1415
Mill Greek (Luzerne Go.), as a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
MiU Greek Run (Gambria Go.): As a water supply, watershed inspection, .... 961
Miller, Dr. E. B., Dispensary physician, £3
Miller, F. G . , (Pocono Pines) : Water works permit, 821 ; sources, 8CB
Miller, Dr. J. S.» G. M. I., York Gounty, 15; Abstract of reports, 423;
Dispensary physician, 59
Miller. Dr. William G., Lecturer and Manager of Tuberculosis Exhibit, 52;
Exhibits and Lecture Tour, 602; On duty at Gettysburg, 145
Miller Township (Huntingdon) : School inspection, 276 ; Diphtheria, 345
Miller Township (Perry): School inspection, 278
Millersburg: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, .... 821
Millersburg Home Water Gompany: Permit, etc., sources, 781,821,857
Millerstown (Butler): School inspection, 274
Millerstown O^erry): School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581
Millersville: Nuisances, etc., 774
Millerton: Smallpox, 407
Mill Hall: School inspection, 273; Smallpox, 323; Water supply and water-
shed inspection, 067; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,899
Millheim: School inspection, 274 ; Smallpox, 323
Millmont: Smallpox. 297; Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Millsbopo: Scarlet fever. 415
Millstone Township: School inspection, 375
Millvale: Deaths, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 513; plural and
illegitimate, 537; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,806,962
Mill Village: School inspection, 275
Millville: School inspection, 275; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,899
Millwood: Nuisances, etc., 772
Milnesyille: Water supply, 821
Milnesville Water Gompany: Permit, 821; sources, 857
Milton: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, hy
months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 513; plural and illegitimate, 537;
Nuisances, etc., 770; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Sewerage plans and
permits, 881,895,897,902
Mine wastes under inyestigation, 957
Miner, Dr. Gharles H., G. Af. I., Luxeme Gountr, 15; Abstract of reports,
367; On duty at Gettysburg, 145; Dispensary physician, 56
Mineral Township: School inspection, 278
Miners Mills: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply,
821; Sewerage plans and permits, 881,895,903
Minersville: Deatiis, by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 513; plural
and illegitimate, 537; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 821; Sewerage
plans and permits, 881,899,900
Minersville Water Gompany: Permit, 821; sources, 854
Mining accidents (see also External causes): Deaths (1906-1913), 440; Vy age,
455; State, urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479,487
Mishler Spring (Lykens) , as a water supply, 210,211
Mohnton: School inspection, 273
Mohrsville: Water examined, 578
Mokoma Sprint Water Company: Permit, 821; sources, 857
Monaca : School inspection , 273 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 881 ,902
Monaghan Township: School inspection , 279 ; Meades, ^3,425
Monessen: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 59; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by
months, 444; by age, 458, 461; from certain causes, 4^, 469; Births, by
sex and month, 513; plural and ille^timate, 538; Diphtheria, 420; Water
examined, 581; Water supply, 784, 821, 912; Sewerage plans and permits,
881,806,807,902
Monessen Water Gompany (cf. Tri-Gities Water Co.): Permits, 821; sources,
854; filter plant. 858,860,990
MonkejTs: Further studied to determine the causative factor of poliomyelitis, 584
Monocacy Creek, as a water supply, 982, 983; Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Monongahela: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year. 606; Deaths, by months, 444; Births,
by sex and month, 514; plural and illegitimate, 538; Nuisances, etc., 770;
Water examined. 581; Water supply 784,912
Monongahela City Water Company: Filtration plant and operation, 784,942
Monongahela Township (Greene): Sanitary survey, 974
Digitized by
Google
No, 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1503
Monongahela River: As a water supply, 913, 915; sanitary surveys of the
watershed, 957,977
Monongahela Valley towns: Water supply, 942
Monongahela Valley Water Company: Filtration plant and operation, 783,942
Monroe County:
County Medical Inspector, 16
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, ^
Xiocal Registrars, 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
commuDicable diseases, and rcfculalion of dairies beontiRo of them, 376
Summary of work of Health Officors, 49fl
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 548
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Monroe: School inspection, 273; Sanitary survey, 975
Monroe Township (Bedford): School inspection, 273; Typhoid fever, 2W;
Water examined, 578 ; Water supply, 821
Monroe Township (Bradford) : School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 772;
Anthrax, 301: Tetanus, 303
Monroe Township (Clarion): School inspection, 275; Scarlet fever, 321;
Water supply, 821
Monroe Township (Cumberland) : School inspection , 275
Monroe Townsliip (Junintii ) : School inHpecHoii , 276
Monroe Township (Snyder): School inspection, 278; Measles, 399; Water
supply, 821
Monroe Township (Wyoming): School inspection, 279; Mumps, . 422
Mont Alto: Water examined, 580
Mont Alto Sanatorium: See Pennsylvania State Sanatorium, etc.
Montgomery, Dr. C. M., Dispensary physician, 58
Montgomery County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars ^ 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 377
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523 ; plural and illegitimate, 548
Marriages, by months, 660 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 266
Water Samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 633
Maps drawn or revised 777
Montgomery County Home for the Poor: Sewage Treatment Plant and Opera-
tion 786,955
Montgomery: School inspection, 277; Water examined, 580; Water supplv
784, 821, 939, 942, (and watershed inspection) 967; Sewerage plans and
permits, 881,902
Montgomery Township (Franklin) : School inspection , 276
Mon^omery Township (Indiana) : Communicable diseases, 350
Montgomery Township (Montgomery) : Water supply , 821
Montgomery Water Company: Permit, 821; sources. 857, 967; filter plant
and operation, 784, 880, 939, 942; watershed inspection, 967
Montgomery Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 962
Months and birth, 506
Months and marriage, 508
Months nnd morbidity for tho report" bio dison.Sf^s. /> >4 : for '^^•rt^in diso-iM^s
(1906-1913): Typhoid fever, 557; Diphtheria, 558; Scarlet fever, 560;
Tuberculosis, 662
95
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1504 INDEX. Oflf. Doc.
Months and mortality, 430; State, urban and rural, 442; State and cities
over 100,000, and in part by color, 495: for certain disciises (1906-1913):
Typhoid fever, 432; Diphtheria, 433; Scarlet fever, 434; Measles, 435;
Whooping cough, 436 ; Tuberculosis of the lungs, 437
Montour County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Omcers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Ix>cal Registrars, 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 380
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 533; plural and illegitimate, 548
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 580
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, .. 663
Montour Township: School inspection, 275
MontoursviUe: School inspection, 277
Montrose: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913) , 745 ; cases of the year, 606 ; School inspection, 278
Moon Township (Allegheny): Nuisances, etc., 773
Moon Township (Beaver): School inspection, 273
Moore, Dr. J. D.: C. M. I.', Lawrence County, 15; Abstract of reports,
361 ; Dispensary physician, 56
Moore: Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadelphia, 1308
Moore Water Company : Permit, 821 ; sources, 864 ; filter plant, 860
Moores: Water examined, 579
Moose Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 962
Moosic: School inspection, 276 ; Water supply, 821
Moravia: Water examined, 5g0
Morbidity statistics, 553
Morea, cf. "Brook^m."
Moreland Township : (Lycoming) : School inspection , 277
Moreland Township (Montgomery). (See also Bryn Athyn Village Associa-
tion; Willow Grove, Phila. Rapid Transit Co.): Typhoid fever, attributed
to Philadelphia, 1302; Water supply, 821
Moreland Spring Water Company: Pemvits, etc., sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed inspection and patrol, ..778,784,790,791,821,857,860,942,966,972
Morgan Township: Typhoid fever j Diphtheria, 314
Morganza (See also Penna. Training School): Water examined, 581; Water
supply, 822
Morrellville and Cambria Borough Water Company: Permits, sources, water-
shed inspection and patrol, 822,857,961 ,972
Morris Township (Clearfield) : School inspection, 275
Morris Township (Greene) : School inspection, 276
Morris Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 276
Morris Township (Tioga) : School inspection, 278
Morris Township (Westmoreland): Water examined, 581
Morrison Run, as a water supply, ^5
Morrisville: School inspection, 274
Morrisville Rubber Works: Sewage treatment plant and operation 787,965
Mortality Statistics, 429; comments, 87; See also the reports from the Dis-
pensaries and Sanatoria, and the special report on certain patients dis-
charged from Mont Alto pnd later traced, I57
Morton: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770
Moscow: School inspection, 276
Moses, Howard E.: Assistant Engineer, 77; special work or investigations,
1^ ., ^ ^ . , , , , . 958,982,1006.1024,1033
Mosquito Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
Moss Glen Water Company : Permit, 822 *, sources, 851
Mosser, Dr. J. W., C. M. I., Fulton County, 15; Abstract of reports!
343 ; Dispensary physician, 55
Mt. Braddock : Measles, » .' *. J ^10
Mt. Carmel: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of Tubercle Badlli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 608; Deaths, by months, 444; by age,
458, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births by sex and month, 614-
plural and illegitimate, 538; Water examined, 581; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, , 882 895 8OT 908
Mount Carmel Township: Water supply .......'....' *8K
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1506
Mt. Gretna Park: Sewerage plans and permits^ plant and operation, 786,882
885,896,955
Mt. Holly Springs: School inspection, 275
Mt. Jewett: School inspection, 277
Mt. Joy: Measles, :. 35»
Mt. Joy Township (Adams) : School inspection^ 273
Mt. Joy Township (Lancaster) : Water Supply, 822
Mt. Lebanon Township: Sewerage plans and permits, plants and opera-
tion. 780,785,867,882,896,896,900,965
Mt. Oliver: School inspection, 273; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water
supply, 822 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 882,895,902
Mt. Fenn: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771, 772; Water examined,
578 ; Water supply and watershed inspection, 822,967
Mt. Penn Suburban Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, watershed in-
spection, 822,857,967,972
Mt. Pleasant (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Mt. Pleasant (Westmoreland): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 59; cases of the
year. 606; Deaths by months, 444; Births, by sex and month, 514; plural
and illegitimate, 538; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey, 975; Sewerage
plans and permits, 780,882,895,902
Mt. Pleasant Township (Adams) : School inspection, 273
Mt. Pleasant Township (Columbia): School inspection, 275
Mt. Pleasant Township (Wayne): School inspection, 279
Mt. Pleasant Township (Westmoreland) : Measles, 419
Mt. Pleasant Coke Company: Water supply and inspection of the shed, .... 971
Mt. Pocono: Nuisances, etc., 775
Mt. Top: Nuisances, etc., 774
Mt. Union: School inspection, 276; Smallpox, 346; Water supply, 822;
Sewerage plans and permits, 882,896,900
Mt. Union Water Company: Permits, etc. , 822 ; sources, 855
Mt. Washington: Water examined, 578
Mt. Wolf: School inspection, 279 \ Nuisances, etc. , » 770
Mountain Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, watershed patrol, 822,852,972
Mountain Water Supply Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 968
Mount's Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 964
Mountville: School in8i>ection, 276; Waterworks permits, 822; sources, 852;
watershed patrol, 972
Mouth, etc.. Diseases of, (See also Buccal Cavity):
Deaths by age, 452; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 476,484
Mouth breathing, in school children, 262,268
Mowery, Dr. J. L.: C. M. I., Lancaster County, 15; Abstract of reports,
358; Dispensary physician, 66
Moylan: Water supply, 942
Muddy Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Muddy Creek Township: School inspection, 274
Muehlmatt's Cress Farm : Water examined , SI9
Muhlenberg Township: School inspectioin, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Small-
pox, 298; Water supply, 822
MuUowney, Dr. John J: Assistant Chief Medical Inspector, 10, 13, 181;
on duty at Gettysburg, 145; Reports of special inspections or regarding
epidemics: (Mont Alto, Milk supply), 635; (Typhoid fever at Lykens, etc.;
208: (Typhoid fever at Fullerton. etc.) 212; (Smallpox at Coatesville, etc.)
246 ; (Smallpox in Hopewell Twp .) 251
Mumps:
Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 655
Mortality: included in "other epidemic diseases," (449, etc.)
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 283,290,292,293,295,296,302,309,311,
312, 316, 318, 325,326,327,329,331,333,335,340,342,344,348,350,351,353,354,
355, 359, 366, 368,370,373,375,379,382»384,385,388,.395,39«.398.:^90.401,40i.
405,407,410,411,417,420,422,425
Muncy: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 580;
Water supply and watershed inspection, 822,967
Muncy Township: School inspection, -. 277
Muncy Water Supply Company: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant, water-
shed inspection and patrol 779,822,855,860,967,972
Muncy Creek Township: School inspection, 277
Munhall: Deaths, by months 444; Births by sex and month. HI 4: plinil and
ille^timate, • 533
Municipal holders of permits regarding water, 794, or sewerage, 869; reports
concerning water or sewerage, 768,947,949
Murdock: School inspection 279
Murdocksville: Water examined, 581
Murphy, Dr. B. J. , Dispensary physician, , . . . 57
95—14—1915
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1508 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Murphy, Dr. F. A., DisiS^nsary physician, 57
Murphy, Dr. J. E. , Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Mushrooms and typhoid fever, 208
Musser, Dr. J. H., Dispensary physician, 11,57
Mussor, Dr. W. S., Dispensary physician, 53
Muz Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965
Mycoses (See also Actinomycosis, Favus): Deaths, hy age, 449; urban and
rural and in certain cities, 474
Myer8*own: ISchoiil inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 772; Water examined,
580 ; Water supply, 823
Myerstown Water Company: Permits, 823; sources, 857, 858; filter plant, 860
Naceville: Water examined, 578
Nanticoke: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months, 445; by age,
458, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births, by sex and month, 514;
plural and illegitimate, 538; Water supply, 823; Sewerage plans and
permits 882,902
Nant-y-Glo: Nuisances, etc., 774; Water supply, 823
Nant-y-Glo Water Company : Permit, 823; sources, 855, watershed patrol, .. 973
Napier Township: School inspection, 273
Narberth: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 823; Sewerage permits, ..882,895,889
National Association, see Tuberculosis.
Nativity of the brides and grooms of the year, 571; of defective school
children 2Si
And Morbidity for certain diseases: Typhoid fever, 557, 558; Diphtheria,
225, 559, 560; Scarlet fever, 561; Tuberculosis, 502,563
Of the mothers of the year, 526,527,528,529
Of patients of the Dispensaries, 611,6E24,625
Of certain patients discharged from Mont Alto and later traced, 161;
and parental nativity of patients discharged from Mont Alto, 645;
and parental nativity of patients discharged from Cresson, 6B8
Natrona: Water examined, 578; Water supply, 784,989
Natrona Water Company: Permit, 823; sources, 857; filter plant and opera-
tion, 784,860,939,912
Nazareth: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey,
975; Water examined, 581; Water supply, 823; Sewerage plans and per-
mits 882,895,897,899
Nasareth Sewerage Company: Sewerage plans and permits, 882, 896; plant
and operation, 786,955
Needmore: Water examined, 580
Negro patients of the Dispensaries, 612; at Mont Alto, 644, 648; at Cresson, .. 687
Ndson: School inspection, 278; Water examined^ 581
Nelson Township: School inspection , 278 ; IVphoid fever, 406
Nelson Valve Company : Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,965
Nephawin Lake, As a water supply, 943
Nephritis, See also Diseases of the Genitourinary System, and Puerperal
Albuminaria: Deaths, by age, 453; State, urban and rural, and in part
by color, 468; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477, 485; in cities
over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 490-4W; as a fatal complication at
Mont Alto, 631
Nervous disease found in school children, 262, 266, 268; Reported improve^
ment, 271
Nervous system, Disrvso of tlio (roo also CerebiMl IlMpm<>rrhii«ro, Meningitis,
etc.): Deaths (1906-1913), 430, 438; and rate, 431; by age, 451; urban and
runil, and in certain cities, ^. 475,483
Nescopeck: School inspection, 277 ; Water supply, g23
Nescopeck Township: School inspection, . . ." 277
Nescopeck Water Supply Company: Permit, 823 ; sources, 857
Neshaminy Creek (See also Springfield Consolidated Water Co.): As a water
supply, watershed inspection, 945, 961 ; (tributary) , 9Q2
Neshannock Township: School inspection, 276
Nesquehoning: Nuisances, etc. , 315,772,774
Nether Providence Township: School inspection, 275
Neufeld, Dr. M, A., Dispensary physician, 11,55
Neuralgia and Neuritis: Deaths, by age, 451 ; urban and rural, and in cer-
tain cities, 475,483
Neville Township: Water supply, 823
New Albany: School Inspection, 273; Whooping cough and fumigation trouble,
304 ; Sanitary survey 975
New Alexandria : School inspection, 279
New Berlin: School inspection, 278
Newberry Township: Nuisances, etc., 774,775
New Bethlehem: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water ex-
amined, 579; Water supply and watershed inspection, 784,823,910,912,967
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. Vm
New Bloomfield (See also Bloomfield): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of
Tubercle Bacilli Products (190&-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; Water
supply, 823
New Bloomfield (Academy): Diphtheria, 383
New Brighton: Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 5ii;
plural and illegitimate, 538; Water examined, 578; Water supply. 823;
Sewerage plans and permits, 882,od5,897, 899,900
New Britain Township: School inspection , 274 ; Mumps, 309
New Bujffalo: School inspection, 278
Newburg (CHearfield): School inspection, 275
Newburg (Cumberland): School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579
New Castle: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; Use of Tuberde Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; Cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 445; by age,
458, 461 ; from certain causes, 465, 469 ; from each cause or class of causes,
481; Births, by sex and month, 514; plural and illegitimate, 538; Nuis-
ances, etc., 770; Water examined, 580; Water supply and watershed in-
spection, 784, 823, 940, 942, 961; Sewerage plans and permits, ..781,882,895,88(7,900
New Castle Township: Sdiool inspection, 278; Scarlet fever and trouble,
390, 391; Water supply, 828
New Centerville: School inspection, 278
New Chester Water Company: Permits, etc., sources, filter plant and opera-
tion 783,823,855,860,942
New Columbus: School inspection, 277
New Cumberland, (See also Mkwood Sewerage Co.): School inspection, 275;
Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 823, 940; Sewerage plans and permits, 883,902
New Derry: Water examined, 581
New Eagle: School inspection, 279
New Enterprise: School inspection, 273
New Florence: School inspection, , 279
New Freedom: School inspection, 279
New Galilee: School inspection, 273
New Garden Township: School inspection , 274 ; Scarlet fever, 319
New Hanover Township: Water examined, 580
New Holland: School Inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water exam-
ined 580
New Hope: School inspection, 274
New Jersey (State) : Typhoid fever attributed to Philadelphia , 1304
New Jersey Zinc Company (Palmerton): Sewerage plans and permits, 806;
plant and operation 787,883,896,955
New Kensington:. Deaths, by months, 445; Births by sex and month, 514;
plural and illegitimate, 538; Smallpox, 419; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602;
Water examined, 581; Water supply, 784, 823, 909, 942; Sewerage plans
and permits, 781,867,883,895,897,902
New Lebanon: School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey, ^ 975
Newlin Township: School inspection 274
"New liondon," See Nuremberg (p. 1024).
New liOndon Township: School inspection , •. . . . 274
New Milford: School inspection, 278
New Milford Township: Typhoid fever, 404
New Oxford (See also New Oxford Drainage Co., below): School inspection,
273; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 578; Waterworks permits,
sources, filter plant, 784,790,791,823,855,860,989
New Oxford Drainage Company: Sewerage plans and permits, 883,897,886
New Paris: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey,.. 975
New Philadelphia: School inspection, 278; Board of Health lax, (scarlet
fever) : 393 ; Nuisances, 394
Newport: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 770; Tuberculosis Exhibit,
602; Water examined, 581; Water supply, 784, 824, 942; Sewerage plans and
permits 883,895,897,902
Newport Township: Water supply, — 824
Newport Home Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant and oper-
ation, 784,824,857,860,942
Newry: School inspection, 273
New Salem (Fayette): School inspection, 276
New Salem (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279
New Salem (York) : School inspection 279
Newspapers as an aid to the education of the public, 101
Newton Township (Cumberland) : School inspection , 275
Newton Township (I^cka wanna) . (See also Scranton Poor Dist. Hillside
Home) ; School inspection 276
Newtown: School inspection, 274 : Nuisances, etc. , 772
Newtown Township (Bucks): School inspection, 274; Diphtheria, 307;
Whooping cough 309
Newtown Township (Delaware) : School inspection, 275
Newtown Square: Water examined, 579
Digitized by
Google
1508 INDEX. Off. Doc
New Tripoli: Water examined, 580
New Vernon Township: Chicken pox, 372
Newville: Water examined, 579
New Washington: School inspection, 275
New Wilmington: School inspection, 276; Sewerage plans and permits, plant
, and operation, 785, 883, 895, 896, 055, 967
Nicholson: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and
watershed inspection 824,967
Nicholson Township: Measles, 421; Typhoid fever. Mumps, 422; Whooping
Cough, 423
Nicholson Water Company: Permits, etc., sources, watershed inspection, 779,791,
824,855,967
Nif»lf»en, Dr. L. B... C. M. I., Wayne County, 15; Abstract of reports, 416;
Dispensary physician , 59
Night soil. Act of Assembly relative to^ 110; dumps, inspections, 771, 773;
and typhoid fever, 203, 207; Conditions in Philadelphia, 885,1064,1253,1254
• Nightsweats in Tuberculosis: Effect of treatment with the biological products
of the tubercle bacillus at Mont Alto, 672, 674, 676; at Cresson, 694,686,096
Nippenose Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 824
Nippenose Water Company : Permit, 824 ; sources, 855
Nits found on school children, 263,269
Nockamixon Township: School inspection, 274
Nokomis Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 965
Normal School, cf. Northwestern State Normal School.
Norristown (See also State Hospital for Insane of the S. E. Dist.): Tuber-
culosis Dispensary, 57; Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 458, 461; from
certain causes, 465, 469; from each cause or class of causes, 481 ; Births, by
sex and month, 514; plural and illegitimate, 538: Special report of an in-
spection regarding cases of smallpox, 240; other smallpox, mostly also from
a circus, 241, 243, 378; Nuisances, etc., 770, 772; Sanitary survey, 975;
Water examined, 580; Water supply, 784, 824, 942; Sewerage plans and
permits, 780.867,883,897
Norristown Insurance and Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, filter
plant and operation, 784,824,855,800,942
North Abington Township: School inspection, 276
Northampton County:
County Medical Inspectors, 15
Township Health Officers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 33
Local Registrars, 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector ; investigation of com-
municable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 381
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 549
Marriages, by months, 569; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School Insppftion in Fourth CHass Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,. 063
Northampton: Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 515;
plural and illegitimate, 539; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary survey, 975;
Water examined, 581 ; Water supply, 783,824
Northampton Township: School inspection, 274
Northampton Heights: School inspection, 277; Typhoid fever (1906-1913), 987;
Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, 824
North Annville Township : School inspection , 276 ; Water supply , 834
North Annville Water Supply Co.: Permit, 824; sources, 855; filter plant,., 861
North Benver Township: School inspection, 276
North Bell Township: Scarlet fever, 352
North Bellevemon : Nuisances, etc. , 770
North Braddock: Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 458, 461; from certain
causes, 465,4m
Births by sex and months, 515; plural and illegitimate, 539
Nuisances, etc., 770, 773; Water supply, 824; Sewerage plans and per-
^ mits, 883,899.900
North Branch Township: School inspection, 279
North Burrell Town.ship : Water supply 942
North Catasnuqua : School inspection . 277 : Wat*»r supply 824
North Charleroi: Wator supply, 824; Sewerage plans and permits, 780,866,883,895,901
North CJodorus Township: School inspection, 279
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. CX)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1609
North Cornwall Township: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 773;
Water supply, 825
North C<>rnw:ill Water Supply Co: Pei-mit, 825; sor.rces, S>5:fUcr nlant — 861
North Coventry Township: School inspection, 274; Nuisances,' etc., 773;
Water supply, • 826
North East: School inspection, 275; Scarlet fever, 336; Chicken poz, 337;
Water examined, 579; Waterworks permits, sources, filter plant and opera-
tion, watershed inspection and patrol, 784, 825, 857, 861, 942, 967, 972; Sew-
erage plans and permits, 780,866,883,896,897,901
North East Township : School inspection , 275 ; Nuisances , etc . , 773
Northern Cambria Water Co., (See also Barnesboro Water Co. and Spangler
Water Co.): Permit, etc., sources, and watershed inspection, 825,964
North Fork, See Ten Mile Creek.
North Fork (Red Bank) Creek: As a water supply, 943
North Franklin Township: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 774
North Oirard: Nuisances, etc., 773; Measles, 336; Sanitary inspections, 337
North Heidelberg Township : Nuisances , etc . , 772 ; Measles , 295
North Hopewell Township: School inspection, 279 ; Measles, 423
North Huntingdon Township: Measles, Scarlet fever, 419; Water supply,... 826
North Irwin: School inspection, 279
North Irwin Township: Water supply, 825
North Kill Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, 1413
North Lebanon : School inspection, 276
North Lebanon Township: Nuisances, etc., 772, 773, 775; Water supply, • 826
North Londonderry Township: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 825
North Mahoning Township: Communicable diseases, 350
North Manheim Township, (See also Schuylkill Co. Poor Farm and Hosp.
for Insane): School inspection, 278; Mumps, 396; Water supply 826
North Manheim Water (Jompany: Permit, 825; sources, 856
North Middleton Township: School inspection, 275
North Sewickley Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773,774
North Shenango Township: School inspection, 275
North Springfield Water Company: (See also Pickering Creek), Filter plant, 784,861
North Strabane Township: School inspection, 279; Water supply, 825
North Strabane Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed inspection and patrol, 783,826,855,861,942,964,972
North Towanda Township: School inspection, 274
Northumberland County:
County Medical Inspector, 16
Township Health Oflicers, 22
School Medical Inspectors, 34
Tjocal Registrars 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 57
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 382
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 623; plural and illegitimate, 649
Marriages, by months, 669: rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 277; Normal and defective
School Children by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the laboratories, 681
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium,.. 603
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Northumberland: School inspection, 277; Water examined, 581; Water supply,
825; Sewerage plans and permits, 781,883,895,901
Northumberland Township: Measles, 421; Mumps, 422
Northumberland Water Company: Permit, 825; sources, 857; watershed
patrol 973
North Union Township (Fayette): Nuisances, etc., 773, 775; Typhoid fever,
337; Measles, 338
North Union Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever,
388. 396; Scarlet fever, 388, 389; Measles, ! 390,396
North Versailles: School inspection, 273
North Versailles Township: Water supply, 825
North Wales: School inspection, 277; Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadel-
phia, 1303; Litigation concerning nuisances, 1414; Sanitary survey, 976;
Water examined, 680; Water supply 825
North Wales Water Company: Permit, etc., 825; sources, 852
North Washington: Nuisances, etc., 773
Northwestern Anti- tuberculosis League, Bells Camp: Sewage treatment
plant and operation, , 787,955
Digitized by
Google
1«0 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Northwestern State Normal School (See also Edlnboro, Erie Co.): Sewerage
application, 780
North Whitehall Township: School inspection, 277; Diphtheria, Tetanus, .. 306
North Woodhury Township: School inspection, 273
North York: School inspection, 279
Norwegian Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 388; Water
supply, 826
Norwich Township, (See also Goodyear Lumber Co.): School inspection, 277;
Mumps, 370; Water supply, 828
Norwich Lumbor Company , (See also Goodyear Lumber Co.): Sewage treat-
ment olant and operation, 787,955
Norwood: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadelphia,
1302, 1303; Water examined, 579; Water supply, 826; Sewerage plans and
permits, 867,883,901
Nose: Diseases of the nasal fossae: Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 476,484
Nottingham Township: School inspection, 279 ; Scarlet fever, 414
Noxen Township: School inspection, 279; Measles, 421; Mumps, 422
Noyes Township: Measles, 325 ; Smallpox, 324
Nuangola : School inspection, 277
Nuisances : Complaints and inspection , 769, 770, 771 ; See also 341
Nuremberg: Sanitary survey, 976; Nuisances, etc., 774; (also "New Ijondon"),
Special Report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 1024, (see also) 386; Water
examined, 581; Water supply, etc., * 1025
Nurse: Chief Visiting Dispensary Nurse (cf. Miss Alice M. 0*Halloran),
52, 146; AsHt. Chief Visiting Dispensary Nurse (cf. Miss Margaret C. Par-
sons) 52, 146
Nurses and notes .about their work, 11, 12, 52, 60, 65; (Gettysburg) 146, 147
153; (special concerning social work), 160,171,008
Nutrition: Conditions found in school children, 86, 263, 266, 260; improvement
reported , 271
Oakbrook: Nuisances, etc., 773: Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Oakdale : School inspection , 273 ; Sewerage application , 780
Oak Hall: School inspection, 275
Oak Hill: Water examined, 580
Oakhurst: School inspection, 274
Oakland: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and watershed inspection, — 970
Oakland Township (Butler): School inspection, 274
Oakland Township (Susquehanna) : School inspection, 278
Oakland Township (Venango) : School inspection 278
Oak Tiane (Delaware) : Dermatitis herpetiformis 255
Oak Lane (Philadelphia): Water supply, 826: typhoid in the water district,.. 1075
Onkmont: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 826;
Sewerage plans and permits, ^ 883,002
Obstruction, Intestinal: Included under Hernia.
Occupation of patients of the Dispensaries. 625; of Mont Alto, 633; of
Mont Alto (and Inter traced) 657 ; of Mont Alto treated with the Biological
Products of the Tubercle Bacillus and later traced, 670: of Cresson, 682
Occupation. Notes on. in relation to typhoid fever: 192,986,992.991,999,1011,
1018, 1023, 1027, 1069,1073,1076,1080,1093,1105,1108,1141.1142.1146,1147,1149,
1366,1371,1375,1380,1308.1402
Occupational diseases. Act of Assembly regarding reports of lead poisoning,
and form for a report, 113
Octorora Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974; as an ice supply, in-
spection of watershed 978
Oesophagus, Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 452; uii>an and rural and in
certain cities, 470,4S4
Ogle Township: School inspection 278
Ogontz Water Company : Permit, 826 : sources, 857 ; filter plant, 861
0*Halloran, Miss Alice M., Chief Visiting Dispensary Nurse, 52; On duty at
Gettysburg, 146
O'Hara Township (See also Allegheny City Home; Allegheny Co. Work-
house; Aspinwall-Delafield Co.; Blaw Steel Centering Co.; Pittsburgh
Filter Plant) ; School inspection 273
Ohio Township (Allegheny): Srhool inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773
Ohio Township (Beaver): School inspection, 273
Ohio River: Sanitary survey of watershed, 977
Ohio Valley Water Company: Permits, etc., 826; sources, 852; water ex-
amined 578
Oil City: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; Cases of the year, 605: Deaths, by
months, 445; by age, 450, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births by sex
and month, .515; plural and illegitimate, 539; Measles, 410; Baby Saving
Show. 409; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Investigation after the March flood,
959; Water examined, 581; Sewerage plans and permits, 883,905
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1511
Oil -Opeek: Sanitary survey of watershed, W4
Oil Creek Township (Crawford) : School inspection, 275
Oil Creek Township (Venango): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., — 775
Oklahoma : Water supply , W2
Old Age, Deaths from (1906-1913), 430; and rate, 431; by years, 455; urban
and rural and in certain cities, 479,487
Old Forge: Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 461 ; from certain causes,
465, 469; Births by sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 539; Water
supply, 828 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 883,901
Old liTcoming Township: School inspection, 277
Oley Township: School inspection, 273
Oliver Township (Jefferson) : Measles, 353
Oliver Township (MiflBin): School inspection, 277
Oliver Township (Perry): Nuisances, etc., 773; Typhoid fever, 384; Water
supply, 826
Olney (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Olypnant: Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 515; jplural
and illegitimate, 539; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sewerage plans and permits,884,895,902
Onset: Water examined, 580
Ontelaunee Township: School inspection, 273
Ophthalmia neonatorum: Morbidity, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by
months, 555; Act of Assembly concerning reports, 110
Orange Township: School inspection, 275
Orangeville: School inspection, 275
Orbisonia: School inspection, 276; Water examined, 580; Water supply, .... 826
Orbisonia Water Company: Permit, 826; sources, 852; watershed patrol, .... 973
Oregon Township: School inspection, 279
Organization of the Department, 5
Orient: Diphtheria^ 339
Orrstown: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 967
Orviston: Water examined, 579
Orwell Township: School inspection, 274
Orwigsburg: School inspection, 278; Smallpox, 387, 392, 397; Sanitary
survey, 975; Sewerage investigated, 958
Osborne: School inspection, 273; Water supply « 784, 827; Sewerage plana
and permits, 884,895,902
Osceola (Clearfield) : School inspection, 275
Osceola (Tioga) : School iuspection, 278
Osceola Mills: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 579
Oswayo: School inspection, 278
Oswavo Township: School inspection, 278
Otorrhoea in school children, 262,267
Otter Creek : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 962,974
Otter Creek Township: School inspection, 277
Otto Township: School inspection, 277
Ottsville: Water examined, 678
Ovary, See also Diseases of the Genitourinarv System. Cysts and other
tumors; Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural and in certain cities, 477,485
Overbrook: Water supply, g27 1263
Overfield Township: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 772; Epidemic '
meningitis, 421; Whooping cough, 423
Overton: School inspection, 273
Oxford: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadelphia)
1303; Sanitary survey, 975; Sanitary survey of watershed of ice supply,
978; Water examined, 579; Waterworks permits and sources, 827,852,967
Oxford Township: School Inspection, 273
Oysters: Study m relation to typhoid, 199
Packer Township: School inspection, 274
Packerton: School inspection, 274
Paddy's Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection, .......!.. 191 968
Paint: SchooUinspection, 278; Water supply, 'g27
Paint Township (Clarion) : School inspection, 275
Paint Township (Somerset) : Diphtheria, 40l ; Water supply) ' V.'.V.'.'.'. 827
Paint Township Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection. 969
Pamt Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969
Palmer Township : School inspection , 277 ; Nuisances , etc . , '...'.','.'.[ TIZ
Palmer I/and Company, (See also Palmerton Disposal Co.): Sewerage plans
ana permits, 884 896 896
Palmer Water Company: Permits, etc., 827; sources* and* waterahed'inspec-' '
tion, "^ 857 967
^^S^I^^'k^iEf ^i2l^.''wT "^^"^y. ?i°C^^il ®^^^^ ins'pi^ion,' *274';' 'Baby '
Saving Show, 183; Water examined, 579; Water supply and watershed in-
spection, *^ 827 967
Palmerton Disposal Company: Sewage treatmeiirpiant and 'operation)* !;;;'.! 786)965
Digitized by
Google
16li INDEX. Oft, f>oc.
Palmyra: Nuisancea, etc. , 774, 775 ; Water examined, 580
Palmyra Township (Pike); School inspection, 278
Palmyra Township (Wayne): School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 774
Palo Alto: School mspection, 278
Panther Creek : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 901
Panther Greek Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 970
Panther Valley Water Company: Permits, etc. , 827 ; sources, 857
Paoli: Nuisances, etc. , 773 ; Water examined, 579
Paracolon bacillus: Laboratory studies, 576,583
Paradise Township (Monroe): School inspection, /. 277
Paradise Township (York) : School inspection, 279
Paradise Farm: Water examined, 579
Paradise Protectory: Water examined^ 581
Paralysis, Infantile, See Poliomyelitis.
Paralysis (also General Paralysis, Paresis): Deaths, by age, 451; urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 475,483
ParusitcMS, Intestinal (Sec also Trichiniasis, Unoinariiisis, etc.): Deaths, by
age, 452; urban and rural and in certain cities, 477,485
Parasites or ova: Laboratory examinations, 582
PHra typhoid fever (See also Typhoid fever): Bacillus in a suspected ^'carrier," 582
Paresis, See Paralysis.
Parke. Samuel R., Jr., Assistant Engineer, 77; on duty at Gettysburg, 145;
special work, 958,1083,1387
Parker, Dr. B. F., Dispensary physician, 59
Parker (Parker City, Parkers Landing): School inspection, 273; Water ex-
amineo. 578; water supply, 784, 827, 942; Sewerage plans and permits, 884,899
Parker (Jity Water Company: Permit, 827; sources, 855; filter plant and
operation, 784,861,942
Parker Township: School inspection, 274
Parkesburg: School inspection, 274; Inspection regarding smallpox, 246, 249,
319; Sanitary survey, 975; Water supply, 827; Water supply, sources, 852;
Sewerage plans and permits, 780,887,884,901
Parkesburg Water Company : Permit, 827 ;, Watershed patrol, 973
Parks Township: School inspection, 273
Parkside Hotel, Willow Grove: Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,965
Parnassus: School inspection, 279; Water supply, 827, 942; Sewerage plans
and permits, 884,899
Parrisn. Dr. Heniy, Dispensary physician, 58
Parryville: School insjpection, 274
Parsnips, and the Philadelphia truck farms, 1255
Parsons, Miss Margaret C, Assistant Chief Visiting Dispensary Nurse, 52;
at Gettysburg, 146
Parsons: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 827; Sewerage plans and per-
mits 867,884,895.901
Pathological Society of Philadelphia: Representation of the Department at a
meeting, 103
Patterson (Beaver): School inspection, 273
Patterson (Blair): School inspection, 273
Patterson Township: School itispection, 273
Patterson Grove Camp Meeting Ground (cf. Ross Twp., Luzerne): Water ex-
amined, 580
Patterson Heights: Water supply, 827; Sewerage plans and permits, 895, 899;
Sewerage permits, 884
Patton: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 967
Patton Township (Allegheny): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773;
Water examined, 578 ; Water supply, 827
Patton Township (Centre) : School inspection, 274
Patton Water Company: Sources, and watershed inspection, 967
Paulton: Water supply, 942
Paupack Township: School inspection, 279
Paxtang: Nuisances, etc., 77(), 771; Water supply, 827
Paxtang Consolidated Water (Company: Permits, 827; sources, 832
Peachbottom Township: School inspection, 279
Peck, Dr. D. J., Dispensary physician, 58
Peckville, Smallpox, 3SB
Peirson, Henry W., Chief of Division of Distribution of Biological I^oducts,
68; Report, 703
Pellagra: Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 555; Deaths
by age, 449; urban and rural and in certain cities, 474, 482; at I^ancaster, 182
Pen Argyl: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 827
Penbrook: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 828
Penfield: Water examined 579
Penn: School inspection, 279; Water supply 828
Penn Township (Allegheny) : Water supply , 828 ; Nuisances, etc. , 770
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER Ot^ fiEALl^H. 1513
Penn Township (Berks): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 77^
Penn Township (Centre): Measles, 3IJ6
Penn Township (Chester): School inspection ?^4
Penn Township (Clearfield): School inspection, : 275
Penn Township (Cumberland) : School inspection,' 275
Penn Township (Lycoming): School inspection, 277
Penn Township (Perry): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 772; Ger-
man measles. Tuberculosis reported, 384
Penn Township (Snyder) : School inspection, 278
Penn Township (Westmoreland): Nuisances, etc., 774; Water supply, 829
Penn Township (York): Water supply, 829; Measles, 423,425
Penn Forest Township : School inspection, 274
Penn Land Company . Water works permits, 828 ; sources, 856
Penn Run: Nuisances, etc., 773
Penn Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 965
Pennsburg: School inspection, 277 ; Water supply, 828
Pennsburg Water Company: As a water supply, permit, 828; sources, 857;
watershed inspection, patrol, 968,972
Penns Creek, Pollution referred to counsel, 1417
Penns Park : Nuisances, etc. , 773
Pennsylvania: State or public institutions. See also: E. Penna. State Inst,
for F. M. and E. ; Homoeu. State Hosp., etc. ; State Asylum £. Chronic
Ins.; State Hosp. f. Crim. Ins.; State Hosp. f. Ins. (Danville, Norris-
town, Warren) ; State Inst. f. F. M. (Polk) ; State Normal Schools; State
Police; Western Penitentiary: —
Pennsylvania Dairy Union, addressed by the Commissioner, 102
Pennsylvania Glue Company: Sewerage plans and permits, plant and opera-
tion, 787,884,896,955
Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory (near Huntingdon): Water works per-
mits, sources, filter plant and operation, 784, 828, 857, 861, 939, 942; Sewer-
age plans and permits, plant, 786,884,896,967
Pennsylvania Industrial Welfare and Efficiency Conference, Participation of
the Commissioner, 104
Pennsylvania Railroad Company: Railroad Medical Inspectors, 15; Shops at
Altoona; water supply and watershed inspection, 971; shops at Renovo;
water supply, sources, watershed inspection, 191,971
Pennsylvania Reform School, now Pennsylvania Training School, q.v,
Pennsylvania Soldiers* Orphans* Industrial School (Scotland): Sewage treat-
ment plant and operation, 786,955,957
Pennsylvania State Board of Agriculture, Meeting addressed by the Commis-
sioner, 102
Pennsylvania State College: Sewcraee plans and permits, and plant, 786,884,896,957
Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital (Harrisburg) : Sewerage plans and per-
mits, plant and operation, 786,884,896,955,957
Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 1, Mont Alto:
Staff, etc., 12, 59; Report of the Medical Director, 628; Report on the
later condition of patients as determined from the "follow-up" cards
returned from the Dispensaries, 649; comments, 93' Report on patients
discharged in 1909 and recently traced in Philadelpnia , 155; comments,
96; Report on results obtained by the use of the biological products of
'the tubercle bacillus in 1913, and on cases thus treated and later traced,
666; use of such products (1909-1913), 745; Work done by the Division of
Sanitary Engineering (Waterworks, Sewage Treatment Plant, etc.),
903; Sewage disposal plant and operation, 786, 955, 957; Supply and use
of Tubercle Bacilli Products, 747, 757 ; Expenditures, 1426,1432
Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis No. 2, Creeson:
Staff, etc., 12, 64; Report of the Medical Director, 680; Report on results
obtained by the use of the biological products of the tubercle bacillus,
691; Litigation concerning the contract for construction, 115; Work
done by the Division of Sanitarv Engineering (Waterworks, etc.), 908;
Supply and use of tubercle bacilli products, 745, 749, 757 ; Water supply
and watershed inspection, 971; Sewage treatment plant and operation,
786, 955; Expenditures 1427,1432
Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis, No. 3, Hamburg:
Work done by the Division of Sanitary Engineering, 931; expenditures,
1427,1433
Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble Minded Children (Elwyn):
Sewerage plans and permits, 884,897
Pennsylvania Training School (Morganza): Waterworks permit, sources, fil-
ter plant, watershed inspection and patrol, 784, 828, 857, 861, 971, 972;
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 786,884,896,956,967
Pennsylvania Water Company: Permits, etc., 828; sources, 855; filter plant
and operation, 784,861,944
Pennypack Creek: As a water supply, and watershed inspection, 943, 974,
966; Sewage disposal plant; relation to the Torresdale filter plant, 1041;
Pollution referred to counsel 1414,1415
Penrose, Dr. Charles B. , Member of the Advisory Board, 13,81
Digitized by
Google
I5l4 INDEX. Off. Doc
Peqaea Township : School inspection , 276 ; Nuisances , etc. , 775
Pequea Greek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Percy: Measles, 338
Perdix: Nuisances, etc., 772
Pericarditis (see also Heart Disease): Deaths, -by age, 451; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 474,483
Periftonaeum, Intestines, Cancer of: Deaths (1900-1913), 438; by age, 451;
urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474,482
Peritonitis: Deaths, hj age, 453; ur^n and rural and in certain cities, — 477,485
Perkasie (see also Philip Gressman); School inspection, 274; Nuisances,
etc., 771; Sanitary survey, 975; Water examined, 578; Water supply,
Perkasie Sewerage System, and relation to Sellersville, 13flD
Perkasie Water Supply Company: Permits, 829; sources, 855; filter plant
and operation, 784,861,912
Perkiomen Township: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 772; Water
examined 590
Perkiomen Greek (see also Sellersville): Special sanitary patrol with reference
to "vacation typhoid", 958; Sanitary survey, dairy farm inspection, patrol,
1369 ; as a water supply and survey of watershed, 943,973
Perkiomen Seminary: Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,955
Permanganate of Potash, see also Disinfectants: Quantities used by Health
Officers, 424,1439
Permits and decrees relating to waterworks or sewerage, 778; Tabulation for
waterworks (1905-1913), 792; classification, 851; for sewerage, (1905-1913),
868 ; classification, 8M
Perry County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers 23
School Medical Inspectors, 34
Local Registrars, 47
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57
Abstract of the reports of the Countv Medical Inspector; investigation
of communicable diseases, and regulations of daines because of them, 383
Summary of work of Health Officers, 4S6
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural ibirths, by sex and month, 523; plural and illegitimate, 5(9
Marria^s, by months, 669 ; rate, by years, (1906*1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, , 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,090
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Perry Township (Clarion): School inspection, 275; Measles, 321
Perry Township (Greene): School inspection, 276
Perry Township (Jefferson) : School inspection, 276
Perry Township (Lawrence) : School inspection , 276
Perry Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277; Scarlet fever, 373; Typhoid
fever, 374
Perry Township (Snyder): School inspection. 278; Water supply 829
Peters Township (Franklin) : School inspection , 276
Peters Township (Washington) : School inspection, 279
Petersburg: School inspection, 276; Smallpox, 346, 347; Sewerage plans and
permits, 1 885,899
Petrolia: School inspection, 274
Pharyngeal Diphtheria, Results of treatment, 722
Pharyngitis, as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, ©1
Pharynx, Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 452; ui^an and rural, and in
certain cities, 476,484
Philadelphia, County and City (territorially identical):
Ix)cal registrar 48
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 57, 600; cases of the year, 605, 607; patients
treated in the Sanatoria, 647, 690; Dispensary attendance of patients
after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663; upfollow of certain patients
formerly at Mont Alto, 95, 155; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913), 745
Deaths, by months, 445; by age and color, 459, 461; from certain causes,
and by ci>l()r, 465, 469; from ejich cause or class of en uses, 481: fmin
certain causes, by age and color, 489; from certain causes, by months
and color, 495, 496; from certain causes, in the first year, by days,
weeks, months, 500
Births, by sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 53f*
Marriages, by months, 569; rate (1906-1913) JO
Nuisances 770,771
Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602
Special reports on the prevalence of typhoid fever 83,1032,1362
Water examined in the Laboratory, 581,10^i(p<w*im)
Digitized by
Google
No. U. OOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1515
Water supply (Notes on the plants, permits, etc., and particularly in re-
lation to outbreaks of typhoid fever. See other entries below): 784.
829, 942, 944, 103d-1084, etc.. 1305, (wharves and boats) 1307, (bottled
waters) 1354 ; filtration and tne use of chlorinated lime, 1070
Sewerage plans and permits. (See also below and compare night-soil and
Poudrette pita): 866,807,885,897,901
Philadelphia (Penny pack Greek District): Sewerage plans and permits, plant
and operation, 785,896,955,9S?7
Philadelphia Hosj^ital for Contagious Diseases: Sewerage application, 780
Philadelphia Institution for Feeble Minded and Byberry Farms Tuberculosis
Sanatorium: Sewerage plans and permits 885,897
Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium for Consumptives (E>agleviUe) :
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 787,885,896,965
Philadelphia and Bristol Water Compimy: Filter plant and operation, .... 784,942
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company (Willow Grove Park): Sewerage plans
and permits, plant and operation, 787,867,885,896,965
Philadelphia ana Reading Railway:
Railroad Medical Inspectors, 16
Philadelphia Suburbs: Water supply and watershed inspection, 944,961
Philipsburg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 606; School inspection, 274; Nuisances,
etc., 771
Phillips, Dr. C. R., Dispensary nhysician, 55; On duty at Gettysburg, .... 145
Phillips Ice Company: Sanitary survey of watershed, 978
Phlebitis, cf. Veins.
Phlegmasia alba dolens, cf. Puerperal state.
Phoenixville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 64; cases of the year, 606; Deaths,
by months, 445; by age, 459, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births,
by sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 539; Sanitary survey, 976;
Water examined, 579; Water supply (see also SchuyikOl Twp^, Chester
Co., and Upper Providence Twp., Montgomery CJo.): permits, 829; sources,
856; filter plant, 784,861
Physicians. See also the lists enumerated under Organization, and the
Abstracts of reports of the C. M. I.:
Co-operation with the Department in rural districts, 85; prosecutions for
neglect to report,. 115; specially supplied with Tubercle Bacilli Pro-
ducts, 755,757
Piatt Township: School inspection, 277
Pickering Creek (see also Springfield Oinsolidated Water Co.): As a water
supply, watershed inspection, 945, 961; proposed improvement, 959; pollu-
tion referred to counsel, 1414,1416
Picture Rocks: School inspection, >.. 277
Pigeons at Mont Alto, 636
Piggeries in Philadelphia, 1266
Pike County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 23
School Medical Inspectors, ^ 34
Local Registrars, 48
Distributors of Antitoxins, 74
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 68
Abstract of the reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation
of communicable diseases, and regulations of dairies because of them, 384
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, ^24; plural and illegitimate, 549
Marriages, by months, 560; rate, by years, (1906-1913), 670
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, ...^ 265
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, .* 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Pike Township (Berks): School inspection, 273
Pike Township (Bradford) : School inspection, 274
Pike Township (Clearfield) : School inspection, 275 ; Typhoid fever, 322
Pike Township (Potter): School inspection, 278
Pine Township (Allegheny) : School inspection , 273
Pine Township (Armstrong): School inspection, 273
Pine Township (Clearfield): School inspection, 275
Pine Township (Columbia): School inspection, 276; Measles, 826
Pine Township (Crawford): School inspection, 276
Pine Township (Indiana): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 774;
Communicable diseases, 349,360
Pine Township (Lycoming): School inspection 277
Pine Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277; Tuberciriosis reported, .... 37^
Pine Creek as a water supply, watershed inspection, 96Qi
Digitized by
Google
1516 INDEX. Oflf. Doc.
Pine Creek Township (see also Jefferson Co. Commissioners): School in-
spection, 276
Pine Grove: School inspection , 278 ; Water examined, 581
Pine Grove Township ( Schuylkill) : School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc.,
774; Communicable diseases, 388,389,386
Pine Grove Township (Venango): School inspection, 278
Pine Grove Township (Warren) : School inspection, 279
Pine Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 985
Piney Township: School inspection , 275
Pipes, Water, as a source of pollution, 1105,1106,1121,1127
Pitcairn: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply, 829; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 885,902
Pittsburgh: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53, 600, 601; use of Tubercle Bacilli
Products (1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 445;
by age and color, 459, 461; from certain causes, and by color, 465, 469; from
each cause and class of causes, 481 ; from certain causes, by age and color,
491 ; from certain causes by months and color, 497 ; in the first year by days,
weeks, months, from certain causes, 501; Births by sex and month, 515;
plural and illegitimate, 539; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water examined, 578;
Waterworks permits, etc., sources, filter plant and operation, 778, 784,
829, 855, 861, 944; Sewerage plans and permits, 885, 902; (at the filter
plant, near Aspinwall; also treatment plant and operation), 786, 885, 896,
955; (North Side, Allegheny): City Home: Sewerage plans and permits,
plant and operation, 786, 869, 896, 955; (Suburban Towns): Water sup-
ply. W4
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company (Marianna): Sewerage plans and permits, ..866,885,901
Pittsburgh Coal Company: Waterworks permit, sources, filter plant,
779,790,791,829,855,861
Pittsburgh Gas Coal Company: Filtration plant and operation, 781,942
Pi ttsfield Township: School inspection, 2T9
Pittston: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by
months, 445; by age, 459, 461; from certain causes, 465, 469; Births by sex
and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 539; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water
supply, 829
Pittston Township: Nuisances, etc., 774; Water supply, 829
Plague. See Bubonic Plague.
Plainfield Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 829
Plainfield Water Co.: Permit, 829; sources, 855
Plain Grove Township: School inspection, 276
Plains Township: Water supply, 829
Plank, Dr. E. K., Dispensary physician, 54; aid at Gettysburg, 144
Playgrounds of the public schools 272
Platea, Scarlet fever, 337; School inspection, 275
Pleasant Gap Water Supply Company: Permit, 829: sources, ^"-
Pleasant Hill (Erie): School inspection, 275
Pleasant Hill (Jefferson) : Measles and trouble, 353
Pleasant Valley: Measles, • 30^
Pleasaittville (Bedford): School inspection, 273
Pleasantville (Berks) School inspection, 273
Pleasantville (Venango): School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581;
Waterworks permit, 830; sources, 852; Sewerage plans and permit, plant
. and operation, 785,885,895,896,955,957
Pleurisy: Deaths, by age, 452; ui'ban and rural and in certain cities, 476,
484; in the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 632; in Tu-
beroiilrsis. effect of treatment with the biolosrical products of the tn-
bercle bacillus, at Mont Alto, 672, 674, 678: at Cresson, 695,697,699
Plum Township (Allegheny): School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773;
Water supply 830
Plum Township (Venango): School- inspection, 27*'
Plum Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, 14U
Plum Creek Township: School inspection, 273
Plumbism. See Poisoning by Lead.
Plumstead Township: Nuisances, etc., 772; Diphtheria, 306; Whooping
cough, 3iX^
Plumsteadville: Nuisances, etc., 773; Typhoid fever, 306; Water examined, 57^
Plunketts Creek Township: School inspection, 277
Plural births. See Births.
Plymire, Dr. I. S., C. M. I., Bucks County, 14; Abstract of reports, 305;
Dispensary physician, 53
Plymouth: Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 461; from certain causes,
465, 469: Births, by sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 539; Nui-
sances, etc., 770; Water supply, 830; Sewerage plans and permits, 885,902
Plymouth Township (Luzerne): School inspection, 277; Water supply, 830
Plymouth Township (Montgomery): School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc.,
774; Water supply, ,,,,,,, 830
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OP HEALTH. 1517
Pneumonia (See also Bronchopneumonia): Morbidity (1906-1913), 5S3; urban
and rural, by months, 555; Mortality: Deaths, by age, 452; State, urban
and rural, and in part by color, 468; urban and rural, and in certain cities,
476, 484; in cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 489-904; in
such cities and the State, by months and in part by color, 495-498; in these
in the first year by days* weeks, months, 499-502; in the previous medical
history of patients at Mont Alto, 632; not properly reported, 84; Notes
on rural cases in the counties: 283,290,292,295,302,313,318,333,340,344,354,359,306,
395,396,401 ,411 ,418,420,^
Pneumothorax, see Pyopneumothorax.
Pocono Township: School inspection, 277
Pocono Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Pocono Pines: Water supply, 830
Pocopson Township: Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadelphia, 1302
Pohopco Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 967
Point Township: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 775; Water sup-
ply, 830
Point Marion: Nuisances, etc., 770
Poisoning, See also Alcohol:
By lead: Act of Assembly concerning reports; from therefor, 113; deaths,
by- age, 450; urban and rural and m certain cities, 475,483
Other Chronic: Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 475,483
Suicidal or Accidental (food, etc.): Deaths, by age, 455; urban and
rural, and in certain cities, 479,487
Police, cf . State Police.
Poliomyelitis. Acute Anterior: Laboratory experiments to determine the
causative factor, continued, 584; Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and
rural, by months, 554; Deaths, by age, 451; urban and rural and in certain
cities, 475, 483; Notes on rural cases in the counties: 301,331,333,350,351,357,360,361,
410,421,426
Polk (See also State Institution, etc.): School inspection, 278
Polk Township: School inspection, 276
Pollock: Scarlet fever, 321
Pollutions, Industrial: Classification and Treatment, 973
Pollutions, etc. , referred to special counsel, ^ 1408
Pompeii Water Company: Permit, 830; sources, 855
Ponds, cf. Lakes.
Poplar Run: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Population of the State, Estimate for statistical purposes, 430
Port Allegany: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 771, 772; water ex-
amined, 580; Water supply and watershed inspection, 830, 968; Sewer-
age plans and permits, 885,896
Port Allegany Water Company: Permit, sources, watershed inspection and
patrol, 830,857,968,972
Port Carbon: Nuisances, etc., 770,771
Port Clinton: Water examined, 581; water supplies investigated, 998
Port Matilda: Water supply, 831
Port Mfltilda Wntor Company: Permit, 831; sources 852
Port Richmond (Philadelphia) : Typhoid fever and water samples, 1002
Port Royal: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 831; Sewerage plans
and permits , 885,890
Port Koyal Water Supply Company: Permits, etc., 831; sources, 857
Port Vue: School inspection, 273
Portage: School inspection, 274; Water supply and watershed inspection,
830, 968; Sewerage plans and permits, 885,895,897,901
Portage Township (Cambria) : Sanitary survey, 976 ; Water supply, 830
Portage Township (Potter) : School inspection, 278
Porter Township (CJlinton) : School inspection, 275
Porter Township (Jefferson) : School inspection, 276
Porter Township (Lycoming) : School inspection , 277
Porter Township (Pike) : School inspection, 278
Porter Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc.,
774; Measles, 396
Portersville: School inspection , 274 ; Water examined , 578
Portland: School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, 831
Portland Water Company: Permits, etc., 831; sources, 855; watershed pa-
trol, 972
Portser, Dr. I. M.: C. M. I., Westmoreland County, 15; Abstract of re-
ports, 418; Dispensary physician, 59
Portstown: Smallpox, 346
Pott*8 Disease: Deaths » by age, 450; urban and rural and in certain cities,
474, 482 ; Percentage of deaths from tuberculosis, 437
Potter County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers 23
^ - School Medical Injectors, ...; 31
Local Beglstran,
Digitized by
Google
1518 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Distribators of Antitoxins, 75
' Tuberculosis Dispensary, fiB
Abstract of the reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation
of communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them,.. 3S5
Summary of work of Health OflScers, 426
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 540
Marriages, by months, 560; rate, by ^ears, (1006-1013), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 063
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Potter Township (Beaver) : School inspection, 273
Potter Township (Centre): School inspection, 274; Smallpox, 316
Potterbrook : Nuisances, etc. , 772
Pottsgrove Run ; As a water supply , watershed inspection, 971
Pottstown: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; cases of the year, 607; Deaths,
by months, 445; by age, 450, 461; from certain causes, 465, 470; Births, by
sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 540; Nuisances, etc., 770;
771; Sanitary survey, 076; Smallpox, 370; Water examined, 580; Water
supply, 784, 831, 044; Sewerage plans and permits, 885,896,807
Pottstown Gas and Water Company: Permit, etc., 831; sources, 855; filter
plant and operation, 784,861,944
Pottsville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 606; Deaths,
by months, 445; by age, 450, 461; from certain causes, 465, 470; Births, by
sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 540; Nuisances, etc., 771;
Sewerage plans and permits, 885,890
Poudrette pits, and their regulation in Philadelphia, 1064,1253,1254,1256
Powell: Water examined, 578
Powell Tannery, inspection concerning wastes, 301
Powelton: Water examined, 570
Powers Run: As a water supply , watershed inspection, 066,100?
Precipitation and typhoid fever, conditions in French Creek, 1000
Pregnancy, Accidents of, (see also Puerperal State, Early Infancy, Prema-
ture Birth): Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural and in certain cities, 477,485
Prematurity of Birth, as a cause of death, see Birth.
President Township: School inspection, 278
Preston Township: School inspection, 270 ; Diphtheria, 416,417
Price Township: School inspection, 277
Princeton: Water examined, 580
Priogle Township : School inspection , 277 ; Water supply, 831
Pringle Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968
Privies of the public schools, 272
Prompton : School inspection , 279
Prosecutions, conducted for the Department (see also Litigation and Refer-
ence to special counsel): 115,204,315,324
Prospect: School inspection, 274
Prospect Park: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, attributed to Phila-
delphia, 1302; Water supply, 831; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,885,901
Prospectville: Water examined, 580
Prostate, Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural and in cer-
tain cities, 477,485
Providence Township: School inspection, 276
Publications of the Department 100
Puerperal state: Deaths attributed thereto, (1006-1913), 430; and rate, 431
(Including Puerperal Fever): Morbidity, 553, 555; Mortality:— Deaths, by
age, 453; urban and rural, and in part by color, 468; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 477, 478, 485; in cities over 100,000, by age and
in part by color 490-491
Pulmonary diseases. Sec also Diseases of the Respiratory System, and Tu-
berculosis: Concerning the Respiratory Organs, see: 430, 431: 563, 555;
also: 452, 468, 478, 48i, 489-494, 40.5-498, 499-502; Concerning Tuberculosis.
see: 436, 437, 438; 553, 55d, 562; also: 450,463,474,482,489-494.485408,499^1
Pumping Stations of the Philadelphia Water supply , MB3
Punxsutawney: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; cases of the year, 606; Deaths,
by months, 445; Births by sex and month, 515; plural and illegitimate, 540;
Nuisances, etc., 770; Diphtheria, 351; Water examined, 580; Water supply
and watershed inspection, 784, 831. 944. 968; Sewerage plans and permits, 885,902
Punxsutawney Water Company: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant and
operation, watershed patrol, 778,784,831,857.861,944,968,972
Purchases, Soe Division of Accounting, etc.
"Purity of Waters" Act, 788
Purulent infection and scptichaemia: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 473,481
Putnam: School inspection, 275
Digitized by
Google
No 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1519
Fymatuning Township: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 774; Chicken
pox, 372 ; Scarlet fever. 373
Pyopneumothorax, as a fatal complication at Mont Alto, 631
Quakake Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 9fll
Quaker Run: Pollution referred to counsel, 1415
Quakertown: School inspection, 274: Nuisances, etc., 771; Sanitary survey,
976; Water examined, 578; Water supply and watershed inspection, 968;
Sewerage plans and permits, 885,896,897
Quakertown Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, 968
Quarantinable diseases found in school inspection, 263,206
Quarantine Work of the Division of Medical Inspection 186
Quarantine: Notes on conditions (excellence, friendliness, neglect, opposi-
tion, prosecution, troubles, etc.), 84,1 15, 2Si, 288, 294, 308, 341, 345 ,352, 353 ,370, 384 ,393,
394,402,404,405
Quarry accidents (see also External causes): Deaths, .by age, 455; State,
urban and rural , and in certain cities, 479,487
Quarryville: School inspection, 276; Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, 784,831,
940,944
Quarryville Water Company: Permits, 831; sources, 857; filter plant and
operation, 784,861,940,944
Queen: Whooping cough, 293
Queen Lane Pumping Station and Water Districts (Philadelphia):
Notes on conditions, etc., particularly in relation to the prevalence of
typhoid fever, 1034,1075,1263.1271-1277,1293,1294.1306
Queen Run (and Tributaries): As a water supply, watershed inspection 965,967
Queen Valley Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969
Quemahoning Township: School inspection, 278; Chicken pox, 401
Quincy, U. B. Orphanage: Water examined, 680
Quotity of marriages of the year, by brides and grooms, 571
Quotity of children bom this year, 627
Rabbits at Mont Alto 636
Rabies: Act of Assembly relating to treatment, 109; Laboratory examination, 582
Morbidity (1906-1913) 553 ; urban and rural . by months, 655
Mortality: Deaths, by age, 449: urban and rural and in certain cities, 473,481
Raccoon Township: Water examined, 578
Raccoon Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 970,974
Radnor Township (See also Wayne Sewerage Co.: Home and Hospital of
the Good Shepherd) : Nuisances, etc. , 771 , 772 ; Water supply, 831
Rahn Township: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 831
Railroad: School inspection, 279
Railroad Medical Inspectors, 15
Railway accidents and injuries: Deaths (1908-1913), 440; by age, 455; urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 480,487
Railroad Run : As a water supply, 943
Rainfall, and typhoid fever, 1000; and the water of the Torresdale plant,
1043, 1045 ; see also the March flood of the Allegheny Basin, 950
Ralpho Townshin: School inspection, 277
Ralston (cf. McNett Twp.): Water examined, 680
Ramey: School inspection. 275: Water supply, 831
Ramey Water Company: Permit, etc., 831; sources, 857
Randolph Township: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 772
Rankin : Deaths, by months, 445 •
Births by sex and month , 515 ; plural and illegitimate, 540
Water examined. 578: Water supply, 831; Sewerage plans and permits, 885,896
Ransom, Dr. H. L., Dispensary physician, 66
Ransom Township : School inspection, 276 ; Scarlet fever, 357
Rathmel: Water examined, 580
Rattlesnake Creek : As a water supply, watershed Inspection; 961
Rattiing Creek (Lykens )(and Raughs' Dam) , as an ice supply, 210
Ranch Creek (See also Antis Creek): As a water supply, watershed inspec-
tion, 970,974
Banchtown: Special report of an outbreak of typhoid fever, 1365: (see also
324); Water examined, 579; Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Ray, Dr. D. P., Dispensary physician 11.54
Rayburn Township: School inspection , 273 ; Water supply, 831
Rayne Township: Communicable diseases, 350
Reade Township: School inspection. 274: Water supply, 831
Reading (See also Berks County Prison): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53;
use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605;
Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459. 461: from certain causes, 465, 470;
from each cause or class of causes, 481; Births, bv sex and month. 516;
plural and illegitimate, 540; Nuisances, etc., 771, 773; Tuberculosis Exhibit,
602; Special report on an epidemic of typhoid fever, 1367; Smallpox, 297;
Water examined. 578; Waterworks, permits, sources, filter plant and opera-
tion, watershed inspection, 784, 832. 857, 858, 861, 939, 944, 961 ; Sewerage
plans and permits, plant and operation, 785,886,895,^6,955,957
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1520 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Reading Suburban Water Company: Permits, 832 ; sources, 857
Kebok, George A.: Water works permit, 832; sources, 83J
Rebuck, Dr. Charles, Consulting Laryrgologist to Mont Alto, (SO
Records of plans (cf . Waterworks and Sewer systems) , 7®
Records tabulated , etc. , 429
Rectum (peritonaeum, intestines) Cancer of the: Deaths, by age, 450; urban
and rural . and in certain cities, 474,482
Red Bank I'ownship (Armstrong): School inspection, 273; mumps, 29ft
Red Bank Township (Clarion:) School inspection, 2T.>
Red Bank Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, W3,9fi7
Red Bridge Park: Water examined, M
Red Clay Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 986, 974; Pollu-
tions referred to counsel, 1418
Red Hill: School inspection. 277; Water examined, 580; Water supply, .... 9Xt
Red Hill Water Company: Permit, 832; sources, 857; wnterphed patrol 972
Red Lion: School inspection, 279; Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined,
. 581; Water supply, ! SJ2
Red Lion Water Company : Permits, 832 ; sources, 852
Redstone, Garbage plant inspection, .VO
Reed Township: School inspection, 27.t
References to special counsel, * 14fl8
Regulations, established by the Advisory Board , 81
Registrar, State. (See Wilmer R. Batt) X
Registrars, Local, 3S
Rf ^istratic ^, Obligation of midwives, 110
Reichard, Di'. L. N., Dispensarv Physician, 5>
Reichard, Dr. S., Dispensary Physician 56
Reiff's Run: As a water supply, watprshed inspection, 9fl8
Reifsnyder. Dr. J. C, C. M. I., Lackawanna County. 15: Abstract of re-
ports, 355 ; on duty at Gettysburg, 145 ; Dispensary Physician, 56
Reilly Township: School inspection, 278; Smallpox, 387, 396; Diphtheria. 390,
396: Water supply KC
Relapsing fever: Morbidity (1906-1913), 563; Mortality, 44»
Rplinnce Water Company: Permit, 832; sources, *tv?
Remarriages, by age of brides and grooms, 571
Renovo (vicinity) (See also Drocton I>and Co.); Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54
cflS'^s of the yoar, 607; School inspection, 275; Sn*H»ial report on th«» pr^
valence of typhoid fever, 189; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; milk examined,
577; Water examined, 579; (and P. R. R. shops): Water works permit,
. sources, watershed inspection, 832, 855, 968, 971; Sewerage plans and per<
mits, 867.88«.895.8fl7,W«l
Renovo Water Co. , supplv, 1*»1
Reportable diseases: Statistics, 553; Regulations extended, 81; neglect of
reports prosecuted, 115; other notes on these conditions, 354,302.416
Repplier. Dr. S. J., Dispensary Physician, •'*
Reserve Township: School inspection T>^
Resica: Diphtheria, 376
Respirator'' System (see also Breathing, Tuberculosis, Cancel, Bronchitis,
Pneumonia, Diphtheria) Diseases of the: Deaths, (19061913), 430; aid rate
431, 439; by age, 452: State, urban and rural, and in part by color. 46«:
urban and rural and in certain cities, 476, 484; in cities over 100.000, by
age and in part by color, *®21
Retreat: Water supply, ^32
Reynoldsville: Water examined, 580; Water supply, 832; Watershed patrol,
972 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 886.90"
Reynoldsville Water Company: Permit, etc., 832; sources, 857
Rhachitis, see Rickets.
Rheems Water Company: Permit. 832; sources, 8K:
Rheumatism (and gout): Deaths, by age, 450: State, urban and rural, and
in part by color. 463: urban and rural and in certnin cities, 474. 482: in
the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 6E
Rice, Dr. D. S.. Dispensary physician ^
Rice's Landing: Water e*:amined, w"
Riceville: School insp«*ction , ^^
Richhill Township : School inspection , 276 ; Diphtheria , JM
Richland: School inspection, 7i»
Richland Township (Bucks): School inspection, 274; Communicable diseasjj.
Riohland Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Water examined 5r8:
Tester supply • • • ^^
Richland Township Water Co. (Cambria): Permit, sources, watershed ^ ,^ .^
spection ^* ,832,8»,JJ<
Richland Township (Clarion): School inspection, 275; Water supply Jk
Richland Township (Venango): School inspection, J^
Richlandtown : School inspection .^ -;:♦
Richmond Township (Berks): School inspection. •.-••"W. : ^4
Bicbmond Township (Crawford): School Inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., .. T7J
Digitized by
Google
N^o. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1521
Uichmond Township (Tioga): Measles, 408; School inspection, 278
Kickets: Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural and in certain cities 474,482
Hicketts: Scarlet fever, | 403
Kiddle, William C, Assistant Engineer, 77; Special work, 145,958,1376,1390
Kidge Run: As a water supply and watershed inspection, 971
Ridgebury Township: School inspection, 274; Smallpox, 308
Ridgway: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; Cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by
months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 518; plural and illegitimate, 540;
Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined, 579; Water works permits,
sources, filter plant and operation, watershed inspection, 784, 833. 855, 881,
944, 963 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 886,895,902
Ridgway Township: School inspection 275
Kidgway Water Company: Sources and watershed inspection, . r 963
Ridley Township: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Water
supply 833
Ridley Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 943,962,973,974
Ridley Park: School Inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, attributed to Philndel-
phia, 1303; Water supply, 833; Sewerage plans and permits, ....867,886,895,897,901
Ridlev Water Company: Permits, 833; sources 855
Ripgel, Dr. A. J., C. M. I., Lebanon County, 15; Abstract of reports, 363;
Dispensary physician 56
Rimer, Dr. J. T., C. M. I., Clarion County, 14; Abstract of reports, 821;
Dispensary Physician, 54
Rimersburg: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 770; Scarlet fever, 321;
Water examined, 579 ; Water works permits, 833 ; sources, 852
Rinehardt, Dr. S. H., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, and Deputy Medi-
cal Director at Cresson, 12, 64; Report, See W. G. Tumbull.
liinehart^ Dr. S. M., C. M. I., Allegheny County, 14; Abstract of reports,
286 : Dispensary physician , 53,601
Ringgold Township : School inspection 276
Ringtown: School inspection, 278; Water ex« mined, 581; Water supply 833
Ringtown Spring Water Supply Company: Permits, 833; sources, 852
Ringworm found in the inspection or school children , 263,209
Rittersville (see also Homoeopathic State Hospital for the Insane):
Water supply 833
Riverside: School inspection, 277
Riverton: Water supply, 942
Riverton Consolidated Water Company: Water examined, 579: Permits, etc..
sources; filter plant and operation, watershed inspection, 784,833,855,861,940,942,967
Roaring Branch: Nuisances, etc., 775
Roaring Brook : As a water supply, watershed inspection, .MI
Roaring Brook Township : School inspection, 276
Roaring Creek Township: School inspection, 275: Measles, 325
Roaring Creek Water Company: Permit, etc., 833; sources, 855; watershed
patrol, 972
Roaring Springs: Nuisances, etc., 771
Roberts, Dr. J. K., C. M. I., Crawford County, 14; Abstract of reports.
327 ; Dispensary physician 54
Robertsdale: Dispensary closed, 599; Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined,
580; Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Robesonia: School inspection, 273
Robinson, Dr. Benjamin, Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12, 59; Dispen-
sary Physician, 11, 57: on duty at Gettysburg, 145
Robinson, J. Catherwood, Estate: Waterworks application, 781; Sewerage
application, 780
Robinson Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773; Water
supply, 833
Rochester, J, H. (cf. Marion Center Water Co.): Water works permit,
833 ; sources 852
Roch«»8ter: Tuberculosis Dispensary. 53: use of Tubercle Bacilli Produces
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by
sex and month, 516: plural and illegitimate, 640; Tuberculosis Exhibit,
602; Water examined, 578; Water supply, 833; Sewerage plans and permits,
886, 899; School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 773; Water supply, .... 833
Rock Oeek : Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Rockdnle Township: Sm«llpox, 328; Water examined, 579
Rockefeller Township: Chicken pox •. 383
Rockhill: School inspection, 276: Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, .... SUS
Rock Hill Water Company: Permit, 833 : sources 852
Rockhill Iron and Coal Company: Water supply, sources and watershed
inspection OJO
Rockland Township: School inspection, 273
Rockledge: SchoM inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water buppiy, .. 894
Rock Run: Smallpox. 248; Water examined, 579
Bock Run (stream): As a water supply, watershed inspection, 945,9^
«...
96—14—1916
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1522 INDEX. Oif. Doc.
Rocktown: Water examined, .^.. SSI
Rockville: Measles, 330; Chicken pox, 331; Water examined, 679
Rockwood : School inspection, 278 ; Water examined, 581
Rocky Grove: Special report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 996; Water
supply, '. 990
Rodman : Smallpox, ' 299
Rome: School inspection, 273; Sanitary survey, 976
Rome Township: School inspection, 274
Konco: Typhoid fever, 1 338
Roscoe: Cerebrospinal meningitis (?) 413; Typhoid fever, 415
Roscoe Township: School inspection, 279
Rose Township: School inspection, 276; Mumps, 353; Water supply, 834
Rosebud : Measles. . , 322
Rosedale: School inspection, 274
Roselawn Water Company: Permits, 834; sources, 852
Roseto: School Inspection, 277 ; Water supply, , 834
Ross Township (Allegheny): Nuisances, etc., 773; Measles, 288; Water
supply, 834
Ross Township (Luzerne): Typhoid fever, 388
Ross Township (Monroe): School Inspection, 277; Water supply, 834
Rostraver Township: Nuisances, etc., 773, 774; Measles, 419; Diphtheria,
420; Water supply, 834
Roth, Dr. A . H. . Dispensary physician, 55
Roulette Township: School Inspection, 278; Water supply, 834
Roulette Water Ck>mpany: Permit. 834; sources, 857; watershed patrol, 972
Roxborough (Philadelphia) (See also Lower and Upper Roxborough Water
Districts): Water supply, etc., 1283
Royalton: School Inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 770; Water supply and
water inspection, 834,968
Royer, Dr. B. Franklin, Chief Medical Inspector, 13
Divisional report, 181; attendance at meetings and addresses in behalf
of the Department, 102, 103, 104 ; on du^ at Gettysburg, 145 ; lectures by
invitation of the Ludwick Institute Committee, 102
Participates in the inspection of dairies supplying Mont Alto, 635
' Aids in the examination of candidates for the Forestry School, 183; in
an inspection of a case of pellagra, 182; one of smallpox in Spring
Township, 297; Special reports of inspections regarding smallpox in
Johnstown, 229,230
Special report of an inspection regarding smallpox at Sinking Springs, 233
Special report of the investigation of an outbreak of smallpox in Hunt-
ingdon 234
Special report on the investigation of a case of dermatitis herpetiformis, 255
Royersford: Nuisances, etc., 770; Water examined, 580; Water supply, .. 784,014
Rucker, Dr. James B., Jr., Director of Laboratories, etc., 51,146
Report, 575; Laboratory studies and researches (with S. G. Dixon), .. 584
Ruffs Dale: Water examined, v 581
Rules and Retaliations, adopted by the Advisory Board, 81
Bolon, Dr. S. A., Dispensary Physician, 11,54
Rumbaugh . Dr. M . C. , Dispensary physician, 59
Rummells Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 970
Rummerfield: Nuisances, etc., 773
Rumpfs Sons, Frederick: Sewerage plans and permits, 886, 896; plant
and operation, 787,955
Rupert: Nuisances, etc., 774
Rural births: by sex and month, and bv counties exclusive of all m\inicipali-
ties, 519; by age and nativity of mothers, 526; by the quotity of the child
and the nativity of the mother, 527 ; by the nativity of the mother and the
number of living children, 523; plural and illegitimate, by the nativity
of the mother and by counties exclusive of all municipalities, 529,514
Rural morbidity: by months, 554; for certain diseases with other details:
Typhoid fever, 657; Diphtheria, 558, 559; Scarlet fever, 560; Tuber-
culosis, 602
Rural mortality: by months and counties (exclusive of all municipalities),
442, 446; including municipalities under 10,000. by age, 457, 460; from
certain causes and by color, and in the rural parts of counties, inclusive of
municipalities of less than 10,000, 466, 471; from each cause and class of
causes in sections inclusive of all municipalities having less than 10,000, . . 473
Rural Valley: School Inspection, 273; Waterworks permit, 834; sources, 882
Ruscombmanor Township: Smallpox, 296
Rush Township (Centre): Nuisances, etc., 774; Communicable diseases, .. 316,317
Rush Township (Dauphin): School Inspection, 275
Rush Township (Northumberland) : School Inspection, 277
Rush Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, 390;
Measles, 390,SM
Rush Township (Susquehanna): School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever,
Whooping cough, .' 406
Bnah Brook: As a water supply, watershed inspection, * — 906
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HBALTfi. isiJ
Bosh Hospital. Country Branch: Sewerage plans and permits, 8S6, 8^;
plant and operati^ .V'7,955
Rutherford Heights Water Supply Company: Permits, 834; sources, 856
Rutland Township: School inspection, 278
Kutledge: School inspection, 275: Nuisances, etc., 770; Typhoid, attri-
buted to Philadelphia, 1302 ; Water examined, 579
Ryan Township: School inspection, 278
Rye Township: Tetanus, 384
Bacony Creek: As a water supply, 1014,1016
Sadsbury Township (Chester): School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever,
attributed to Philadelphia, 1302
Sadsbury Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275
Sadsbury Township (Lancaster): School inspection, 276
Saegertown: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; Waterworks
permits, 834; sources 857
St. Benedict: Water supply, 784,944
St. Benedict Water Co.: Filtration plant and operation, 784,944
St. Clair, Dr. H. P., Dispensary physician, 53
St. Clair (Allegheny):
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 516; plural and illegi-
timate. 540; Water supply, 834; Sewerage plans and permits, 886,895,902
fit. Clair (SchuylkiU):.
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 516; plural and ille-
gitimate, 540; l^ewerage plans and permits 886,809
St. CJlair Township: School inspection, 279
St. Clair Run : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 961
St. Clairsville: School inspection, 273
St. Francis Industrial School:
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 787,886,896,955,957
St. Marys:
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 516; plural and
illegitimate, 540; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 835; Sewerage
plans and permits, 886,895,897,902
St. Marys Water Co.: Permit, 835; sources 857
St. Petersbun: School inspection, 274
St. Thomas Township: School inspection, 276; Inspection because of Diph-
theria, 342
St. Vitus's Dance, see Chorea.
Salem Township (C^rion): School inspection, 276
Salem Township (Luzerne): School inspection, 277; Measles, Mumps,
368; Water supply, 835
Salem Township (Mercer): Measles, Whooping cough, 373
Salem Township (Wayne): School inspection^ 279
Salem Township (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279
Salford Township: School inspection, 277
Salina: Water examined, 581
Salisbury: School inspection, 278
Salisbury Township (Lancaster): Nuisances, etc., 772
Salisbury Township (Lehigh): School inspection, 277; Scarlet fever. Small-
pox. Tetanus, 366; Water supply, 835
Sallaaasburg: Water supply, 835
Salladasburg Water Co.: Permit, 835; sources, 855
Scalpingitis, etc.:
Deaths, by age, 453 ; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 477,485
Saltillo: School inspection, 4 276
Salt Lick Run; As a water supply, watershed inspection, 961
Saltsburg: School inspection, 276 * Sewerage plans and permits, 886,902
Samaritan Hospital (Philadelphia): Address to the nurses, 106
Sample, Dr. C. W.: Dispensary physician, 53
Sanatoria: (See also Pennsylvania State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis, No.
1 etc., Dermady, Dixmont Innwood Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium
Philadelphia Institution) :— legislation concerning the iiao of firearms near
such places, 110; Abstract and summary of the work 90; Waiting list to be
maintained in Harrisburg Office, 89,599
Sand Spring: As a water supply, watershed inspection 967
Sand Spring Water CJo. of Meyersdale: Permits, sources, watershed inspec-
tion, .......;......., 835,857,967
Sandy Township: Nuisances, etc., 773
Sandy Lake : School inspection 277
Sandy Lake Township: School inspection, 277
Sand^ Lick Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 967
Sandy Ridge: Water examined , 579
Sandy Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 943,968
Sanitary Engineering, see Divisions.
Sanitary Inspection, (See also Field Inspection.):
of school buildings and grounds, 261,272
Sanitary Inspectors, 12
Sanitary survey of certain boroughs, etc., 975; of certain watersheds, 973;
of river basins , in progress , ^-r^r^ JO0P^
Digitized by VjOOvTC
ISM IKDEX. Oft. Doc.
Sanitation, General, 973
Sankertown: School inspection, 274 ; Water supply, 835
yatteralee Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 963
Saucon Creek: Pollution referred to counsel, 1413
Saw Mill Run : As a water supply, 981
Saxonburg: School inspection, 274
Say re:
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 516; plural and ille-
gitimate, 541; Water supply, 784, 835, 944; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 781,886.895,902
Sayre Water Co.: Filtration plant and operation 784,M4
Scabies (see also Parasites):
Morbidity (1906-1913), urban and rural, by months, 555: found in the
medical inspection of School Children in Fourth Class Districts,
263, 269; made reportable, 81
Scalds: see Burns.
Scalp Level: Water supply and watershed inspection, 835, 968; Sewerage
plans and permits, 887,902
Scarlet fever: Notes on:— Gpneral, IfvS: quarantine, etc., 186; found in the
medical inspection of children in Fourth Class School Districts, 263; on
rural cases in the counties, 283, 419, 288. 290, 292, 293, 295, 296, 299, 302,
307, 310, 312, 314, 316, 319. 321, 325, 327, 329 331. 333, 335. a36, 337. 339.
340, 342. 344, 345, 348, 350, 351, 352, 354. 355, 357, 359, 361, 366, 368, 370, 373,
375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384, 386, 388.^396, 396, 398. 399. 401. 403.
405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 422. 424 425
Morbidity (1906 1913), 553 ; urban and rural, by months, 553
Morbidity tables, urban, rural, by sex, by age, etc., ..v, 560
Mortality: Death rates (1906-1913), 433; by months, and sex and age
(1906-1913), 434: by age, 449; State, urban and rural, and in part by color,
463: urban and rural, and in certJiin cities, 473, 481 ; in cities over 100,000.
by age and in part by color, 489-493; in the State and in cities over
100,000, by months and in part by color; 495-498; in the State and cities
over 100,000. in the first year by days, weeks, months, 499 501
Scarletts Mills : Water examined 578
Scattergood, Dr. Joseph, C. M. I., Chester County. 14; Abstract of
reports 317; aid in inspection of smallpox at Coatesville, otc, 246: on
duty at Gettysburg, 145; Dispensary physician, 54; Work concerning
typhoid in Coatesville, 200,203
SchHffle, Dr. Karl, Dispensary physician, 57
Schell, Capt. Edward H., Aid at Gettj'sburg 147
Schellburg: School inspection, 273
fcchmehl, Dr. C. W., C. M. I., Warren County, 15; Abstract of report*.
411 ; Dispensary physician , 58
Schnecksville : Water examined, 580
Shock, J. M.. et al.: Sewerage application, 780
School Medical Inspectors, by Counties, 25
Schools and School Children. Sanitary and Medical Inspections, Notes on:
Comments, and concerning methods, 86. 87: Notices regarding accept-
ance, 114, 273; Reports, 257, 261, 264, 272; Fund and expenditures 14*1
Schools:
Inspection and closure because of communicable disease (see also the
Abstracts of the reports of the C. M. I.), 186
Schultz, Dr. W. C, Dispensary physician, 55; Services at Gettysburg, 144,145
Schiiylkill County:
Countv Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 23
School Medical Inspectors, 34
I^ocal Registrars, 48
Distributors of Antitoxins, 7o
T«iberculosis Dispensaries, 68
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector: inv.?stigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them. 385
SummaiT of work of Health Officers, 42«
Rural Alortality , by months, 447 ; from certain causes 467 472
Rural births, by sex and month, 524: plural and illegitimate, 549
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years, (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647.090
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, OTO
Maps drawn or revised , 7T*
Schuylkill County II«^me. etc.. Disposal plant, permit, etc 786, 887 ,896. 956. CTT
Schuylkill County Mrdical Society; Participation of the Department in a
meetinff * * lt#4
Schuylkill Township (Chester): School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., -772:
Water supply , 835
Digitized by
Google
ito. 14. COkillSSIONEtl OF HBAl/TH. 1525
Schuylkill Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Scarlet fever,
389; Measles, 396; Water supply, 835
Schuylkill Haven: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sanitary
survey of watershed, of ice supply, 978; Water examined, 581, Water
supply, 835 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 887,899
Schuylkill Haven Gas and Water Co.: Permits, 835; sources, 855; filter
plant, 858,861
Schuylkill River: As a water supply, 943, 945, 969, 1033, 1384; watershed
inspections, 958, 969, 977: Pollutions referred to counsel, 1413, 1414, 1415;
Occupancy and water supply of the bulkheads in Philadelphia, 1323, i348
Schuylkill River Water District, in relation to the prevalence of typhoid
fever in Philadelphia, 1033,1263-1296
Schwenksville: School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey, .*. 976
Sclerema: Deaths (included under Congenital Debility, and other Skin
affections), 454,478,479,486,490-502
Scott Township (Allegheny) (See also Delmont Land Co., A. P. Dysart):
Nuisances, etc.. 771; Sewerage plans and permits, 887,895,902
Scott Townshii;) ((jolumbia) : School inspection, 275
Scott Township (Lackawanna): School inspection, 276; Scarlet fever, 357
Scott Township (Lancaster): Water examined, 580
Scott Township (Lawrence) : School inspection, 276
Scottdale:
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month. 516; plural and illegit-
imate. 641; Smallpox, 340; Nuisances, etc., 771: Water examined,
581: Water supply and watershed inspection, 968; Sewerage plans and
permits, ; 887,902
Scranton:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1900-1913),
745: cases of the year, 605
Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 461; from certnln causes, 465,
470; from each cause or class of causos, 481; from o<*rtain causes, by
age, 493; from certain causes, by months, 498; in the first year by days,
weeks, months, from certain causes, 501
Births, by sex and month , 516: plural and illegitimn te , 541
Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Water supply
and watershed inspection. 784. 835. 944, 961: Sewerage system, 899
Scranton Poor District (See also Hillside Home):
Sewerage plans and permits, plant, 780, 7R6. 867. 887, 896,957
Scranton Gas and Water Co.: Permits, etc., sources, filter plnnt and
operation, watershed inspection and patrol, 784. &^'?, 855, 861, 944, 961, 966, 972
Scrubgrass Township: Water examined, 581
Scurvy :
Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 474,482
Seats in schools 272
Sebastopol: Nuisances, etc. , ^ 774
Seeleyville: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 772
Se*»m , Dr. A. A . , Dispensary physician, 67
Selinsgrove:
Tuberculosis Dispensary. 58: cases of the year, 606: School inspection.
278: Nuisances, etc., 771; Special report of an iT^vcptijr^tfon on noco^mt
of smallpox, 235 (see also 182, 383, 399); Difficulties roc:rdipc ndminis-
tration of health matters. 236; Water supply, and watershed inspection,
968; Sewerage, see H. M. McCHure.
Selinsgrove Water Supply Co.: Sources and watershed inspection, 968
Sellers ville:
School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc.. 771; Sinitnry survev. 976:
Special report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 1369; Typhoid fever,
attributed to Philadelphia, 1303: Water examined 578: Waterworks
permit, sources, watershed patrol, etc., 835, 857, 968, 972, 1370;
Sewerage system, relation to that of Perkasie, 1370
Senility:
Deaths, by age, 455; urban and rural and in certain cities, 479, 4S7; in
cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color 490-494
Sense, Organs of Specinl, Diseases of the: See Ears. Eyes, Nervous System.
Septichnemia (see also Puerperal fever):
Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 473, 481 ; As a
fatal complication at Mont Alto, ^1
Sergeant Township: School inspection 277
Serum of turtles. Study of the immunizing power 584
Sevpn Valleys: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 771
Seward: School inspection, 279
Sewape and Sewerage: Memoranda concerning various topir^:
Litigation, concerning Mars, 1408, (see also D^von) ; Complnints and
investigations, 770, 771; notes on particular nlnnts or conditions: see
Gettvsburg, 133; Mont Alto, 907; Cresson, 908; Hamburg, 932; Polk, 936;
Philadelphia 1257
Permits and decrees, classification of plants, operation, etc., 778,779,785.866,894
938,953,1418
Digitized by
Google
1526 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Sewickley: Sewerage plans and permits, 887,895,887,908
Scwickley Heights Township: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., .. 771
Sex: Notes on Sex in relation to various statistical memoranda:
Sex and birth, 89, 508; of normal and defective school children, 2W; of
Dispensary patients, 609-622, 824, 825; of various patients discharged
from Mont Alto, 157, 633, 640, 643, 645, 648, 056, 671 ; from Cresson,
681, 687, 688, 890, 692, 693; of cases of tetanus treated with antitoxin, 738
Sex and morbidity: (typhoid fever), 558; (diphtheria), 559, 660; (scariet
fever), 661; (tuberculosis). 563; (see also below).
Sex and mortality (1906-1913): (tvphoid fever), 432; (diphtheria), 433; (scarlet
fever), 434; (measles), 435; (whooping cough), 436; (tuberculosis of the
lungs) , 438
Sex and diphtheria (Johnstown) , 224
and typhoid fever, 190,986,992,994,998,999,1010,1018,1023,1027,1069,1073,1076,1080,
1093,1108,1129,1«1, 1142,1146,1148,1149, 1280,1201,1282,1270,1276,1283,1287,1289.
1302, 1366, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1398, 1402
Seybert Institution:
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, ..780,787,867,887,897,956,957
Shade Township : Water supply, 835
Shade Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969
Shade Gap: School inspection , 276
Shaler Township: Sewerage plans and permits, 773,887,885,899
Shamokin :
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 808; Deaths, by months. 445; by age, 459, 462;
from certain causes. 465, 470; Births, by sex and month, 517; plural and
illegitimate, 541; Scarlet fever, 382; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602;
Water supply, 835
Shamokin Township: School inspection, 277
Shanksville: School inspection 278
Shapiro, Dr. C, Bacteriological at Mont Alto 12,60
Sharon:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, G05; Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 462:
from certain causes, 4^,470:
Births, by sex and month, 517; plural and illegitimate, 541; Nuisances,
etc., 773; (and Farrell): Special report on an outbreak of typhoid
fever, 1372; Typhoid fever, 182; Water examined, 680: water supply,
784, 835, 944, 1376; Sewerage plans and permits, 780,867,887,895,897,901
Sharon Water Works Co.: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant and operation,
784,790,791,835,855,861,944
Sharon Township: School inspection, 27S
Sharon Hill: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; Water supply,
835 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,887,895,501
Sharpsburg:
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by -sex and month, 517: plural and il-
legitimate, 541; Nuisances, etc., 771; Measles, etc., 287; Board of
Health neglectful, 287
Sharpsville: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770; Sewerage plans
and permits, ..., 887,895,897 902
Shaughnessy, Moylan E., Assistant Engineer, 77; Special duty, l«i}
Shaver Bros. Waterworks: Permit, 836; sources ^
Shavertown: Water supply, .••••••••• v*,' v.* ;«w. ,SS
Shawmont Pumping Station for Philadelphia, ^^'^^
Shawnee: Water supply, .............•■• — • 2?5
Shawnee Water Supply Co.: Permit, 836; sources, 832
Sheakley ville : School inspection ,.•••.••. zr''A'\':'''''A''': t; -
Shearer Dr. A. L., Dispensary Physician, 65; On duty at Gettysburg. .. 14o
Sheffield: Nuisances, etc., 774; Water supply, ...;, 836
Sheffield Township: School inspection, 279; Typhoid fever. Chicken pox, 412;
T^llian Q/*^f{ etc • .••..••.*••••.•.• i I'i
Sheffield Water (>.: Permit, 836; sources, 855; watershed patrol, ^
Shellenberger, Dr. E. B., Deputy Medical Inspector of Dispensaries, ..11,52,^
Shelocta: School inspection, 276
^ ^Tiibercuiosis Dispensary, 58: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913>.
745- cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 462;
from certain causes, 465, 470: Births, by sex and month, 517; plural
and illegitimate, 541; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 836; Sewer-
age plans and permits,^ :"'-^W'i', ^^'^ii
Shcnango Township: School inspection. 2/7; Mumps, Aio'Aii cwi is
Shenango River: As a water supply,. %vatershed inspection, 943,W5,961,9f^
Sheshequin Township: School inspection, -|
Shickshinny: Nuisances, etc., ••••.■•. '«
Shiff^^rstine Dr. E. E., Dispensary physician W
SbiluS:'S^h^<>l inspection. 273; ^Juisances, etc., 771 ; Water examined, .. 575^
Digitized by
Google
No. U. COMMISSIONER OF HEAI/TH. MOT
Shingle House: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 836; Sewerage plans
and permits, '. 781,887,902
Shingle House Water Co.: Permit, 836; sources, 852
Shippen Township (Cameron): School inspection, 274; German measles,
314; Nuisances, etc., T 772
Shippen Township (Tioga): School inspection, 278
Shippenshurg:
School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 771; Epidemics of typhoid fever
(and in vicinity) , 329 ; Milk examined, 577 ; Water examined, 579
Shippenshurg Township: School inspection, 275
ShippenviUe: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 679
Shipping Port: School inspection , 273
Ships, etc.: Water simply in Philadelphia, 1307,1330
Shirey, Dr. B. W., Dispensary physician, 59
Shirley Township : School inspection , 276 ; Water supply , 836
Shirleysburg: School inspection, 276
Shiremanstown : School inspection, 275; Water supply, 836,942
Shiremanstown Water Co.: Permits, 836; sources, 855
Shoemakersville : Water examined , 578
ShohoLi Township: School inspection, 278
Shi-ewsbury: Water examined, 581; Waterworks permits, 836; sources, — 867
Shrewsbury Township (Lycoming) : School inspection, 277
Shrewsbury Township (Sullivan): School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, 403
Shrewsbury Township (York) : School inspection 279
Shuman Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection , 969
Siebert, C. L., Assistant Engineer, 77; Special work, 125,145,189,988,1024,1033,1372
Siegfried: Typhoid fever, 212
Silk, Dr. Samuel A., Assistant Physician at Mount Alto, 60
Silsby, Dr. F. W. , Dispensary physician, 53
Silver Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 966,1007
Silver Creek Water Co. : Permit, 836 ;sources, 857 : watershed patrol, 973
Silver Lake Township: School inspection , 278
Silver Spring Township : School inspection, 275
Simmons, Dr. R. H., C. M. I., Northumberland County, 15 r Abstract of
reports, 382; On duty at Gettysburg, 145; Dispensai-v physician, 57
Simpson, E. I., Chief of Division of Accounting and Purchasing, 80; Re-
port, 1421; On duty at Gettysburg, 146
Simpson, Dr. W. A., C. M. I., Indiana County, 15; Abstract of reports,
347 ; Dispensary physician , 55
Simpson : Water supply and watershed inspection , 970
Singer, Dr. B. L. , Dispensary physician, 57
Sinking Spring: School inspection, 273; Special report of an inspection
regarding smallpox, 233
Sinnemahoning Creek : Sanittiry survey of watershed , 974
SJverly: Sewerage plans and permits, 887,895,902
Six Mile Run: Water examined, 578
Sixteen Milk Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 943,967
Sizervillc: Nuisjinces, etc. , 772
Skin, etc.. Diseases of the:
Deaths (1906-1913), 430; and rate, 431; by age, 464; urban and rural, and
in certain cities, 478,486
Cancer: Deaths (1906-1913 / 438: by age, 450; urban and rural, and in
certain cities, 474,482
Skin Diseases found in the inspection of school children, 263, 266, 269;
reported improvement 271
Skinner Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968
Skippack Township : Nuisances, etc. , 772 ; Water examined , 580
Slatiigton: School inspection, 277
Sligo: School inspection, 274; Waterworks permit, 836; sources, 852
SlippNcry Rock: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water ex-
amined, 578; Waterworks permit, 836; sources, 852; Sewerage plans and
permits • 887,899
Slippery Rock Township (Butler): School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 773
Slippery Rock Township (Lawrence): School inspection, 276; Nuisances,
etc. , 775
Slippery Rock Creek : As a water supply, 943
SmAllpox:
General notes, 83,182,186,187
Special reports concerning inspections made at Johnstown, 229,230
Special report of an inspection made at Sinking Springs, 233
Special report of the investigation of an outbreak at Huntingdon 234
Special report of an investigation made at Selinsgrove, 235
Special report of an inspection made at Norristown , 240
Special report of the distribution of Smallpox by a certain circus, 241
(see also 240), 363,387
Special report of an inspection at CJoatesville, Parkesburg, etc., 246
Special report on an outbreak in Hopewell Township, 251
Digitized by
Google
1528 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Morbidity (1906-1913) , 553 ; urban and rural, by months, 566
Mortality: Deaths, by age, 449; State, urban and rural and in part by
color, 463; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 473, 481; in cities
over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 489493
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 286 288, 290, 293, 294, 235, 296,
299, 308, 306, 312, 315, 316, 319, 322, 323, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 336,
340, 342, 343, 344, 346, 355, 363, 366, 389, 371, 373, 376, 378, 379, 381,
383, 387, 391, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 401, 402, 407, 408, 414, 417,
418, m
Treatment by vaccine supplied by the Department 760
Failure to report— prosecuted , 115
Smethport: School inspection, 277; Water examined, 580; Sewerage plans
and permits, 887,902
Smith, Dr. W. C, Dispensary physician, 5^
Smith Township: School inspection, 279
Smithfield: Water examined, 579
Smithfield Township (Bradford): School inspection, 274
Smithfield Township (Huntingdon) (See also Penna. Ind. Ref):
Water supply, 836
Smithfield Township (Monroe): School inspectiob, 277; Water supply, 837
Smithton : School inspection, 279
Smyser, Dr. H. D., Dispensary physician, 59
Snably, W. A.: Waterworks permit, 837; sources, 832
Snodgrass, Dr. Boyd B., Dispensary physician, 53
Snodgrass, Dr. Bruce H., C. M. I., Beaver County, 14; Abstract of re-
reports, 292 ; Dispensary physician, 53
Snow, F. Herbert, Chief Engineer, 77; Report, 763; Special work, 117, 145,
1032, 1369 ; Lectures by invitation of the Ludwick Institute Committee, ... 102
Snowden Township: Water supply, 837
Snow Shoe Township: School inspection, 274
Snyder County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 23
School Medical Inspectors, 35
Ijocal Registrars, 48
Distributors of Antitoxins, 75
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 399
Summary of work of Health Officers, 436
Rural Mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 549
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria '. 617,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 6v)
Maps drawn or revised, '. 777
Snyder Township (Blair) : Nuisances , etc. , 773
Snyder Township (Jefferson) : School inspection, 276 ; Nuisances, etc. , 775
Social Service (and Social Workers):
Special Paper on the Principles of Social Service Work and their Appli-
cation in Practice at the State Tuberculosis Dispensary, Philadelphia, 169
of the Dispensaries 90,509,602
Social Status (and domestic conditions):
of patients of the Dispensaries, 612, 623, 624; of patients of Mont Alto,
159, 643, 648, 655; of patients of Cresson, 687,690,603
Sodium carbonate: use in the Water Filtration Plants, 911,917,919
Sodium thiosulphate: use in the Water Filtration Plants, 911,947
Solebury Township (Carversville) : Scarlet fever , , 307
Somerfield: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 401; Water examined, .. 581
Somerset County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 23
School Medical Inspectors, 35
I^cal Registrars, 49
Distributors of Antitoxins, 7.'»
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 400
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 519
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate , by years (1906-1913> 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1S29
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Milk samples examined in the Laboratories, 577
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Somerset County Poor Directors (Home and Hospital in Somerset Township):
Waterworks permits, 837; sources, 852; Sewerage plans and permits,
887, m; plant and operation, 796,956
Somerset:
School inspection, 278; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Waterworks permit,
837; sources, 852; Sewerage plans and permits, 887,895,897,901
Somerset Township (Somerset) (See also Somerset County Home):
School Inspection, 278; Quarantine troubles and action taken, 402; Small-
pox, chicken pox, 401
Somerset Township (Washington): School inspection, 279
Souderton: Water examined, 580; Waterworks permit, 837; sources, 852
Sources for waterworks, 778,783,858
South Abinjrton Township: School inspection. 276; Nuisances, etc., 772:
Water supply, 837
Southampton Township (Bedford): School inspection, 273
Southampton Township (Bucks): School inspection. 274; Water examined,.. S78
Southampton Township (Cumberland): School inspection 275
Southampton Township (Franklin): School inspection, 276; Diphtheria, — 342
Southampton Township (Somerset) : School inspection , 278
South Annville Township: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 772;
775; Water supply, 837
South Annville Water Supply Co.: Permit, 837; sources, 855; filter plant, 861
South Beaver Township: School inspection, 273
South Bend Township: School inspection, 273; Sanitary survey, 976
South Bethlehem (Armstron&r) :
School inspection, 273; Water supply, 837; Sewerage plans and permits, 887,902
South Bethlehem (Northampton):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 67; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745; cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months, 445; by ai^e, 459, 462;
from certain causes, 465, 470; Births, by sex and month, 617; plural and
illegitimate, 541; Typhoid fever (1908-1913), 987; Nuisances, etc., 770,
771; Water supply, 783, 837, 940; Sewerage plans and permits, ..887,897,902
South Bradford : Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadelphia , 1302
South Bradford Water Co. : Permit, 837 ; sources 852
South Branch, see Codorus Creek.
South Brownsville: Sewerage plans and permits, 866,887,807,902
South Buffalo Township: Smallpox, 290 : School inspection, 273
South Canaan Township: School inspection, 279; Typhoid fever, 416; Diph-
theria 417
South Canonsburg (see also Canonsburg): Sewerage plans and permits,
888,895,897,899
South Connellsville: Typhoid fever (cf. ConneHsville) , 988
South Coventry Township: School inspection 274
South Easton Water Company: Water examined, 581: Permits, 837; sources, 852
South Fork: Water examined, 579; Water supply and watershed inspection,
837, 968; Sewerasre plans and permits 888,895,897,901
South Fork Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant, watershed inspection
and patrol 837,855,861,968,972
South Franklin Township: School inspection, 279
South Greensburg: School inspection, 279
South Hanover Township: School inspection, 275
South Heights: School inspection 273
South Lebanon Township: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 837
South Tjondonderry Township (See also Mt. Gretna Park): School inspec-
tion, 276
South Mahoning Township: School inspection, 276; Communicable diseases, 350
South Manheim Township: Chicken pox, 390
South Middleton: School inspection, 275
South Middleton Township: Nuisances, etc., 772; Water supply, 838
South New Castle: School inspection, 276
South Philadelphia Water District: Recommendations as to development, 1306
South Pittsburgh Water Co.: Permit, etc., sources, filter plant n^d nnern-
tion 784. 8?8. 85.5,861 ,944
South Renovo: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, 190; Waterworks per-
mit, 838; sourops, 855; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,888,895,899
South Renovo Water Co. : Sources, etc. , 192
South Sharon— now Farrell.
South Strabane Township (see also Washington County Home): School in-
spection 279
South Strabane Water Co. : Application, 778
South Union Township: Scarlet fever, 339
Digitized by
Google
IS30 INDEX. Off. Doe.
South Versailles Township: School inspection, 273
South Waverly: Water efamined, * 578
Southwest Township: School inspection, 279
South Whitehall Township (See also Lehigh County Commissioners: Le-
high Co. Home and Almshouse) : School inspection, 277
South Williamsport: School inspection, 277
South Woodbury Township: School inspection, 273 ; Scarlet fever, 298
Southwest Greensburg: School inspection, 279
Spalding Ice Reservoir (Troy): Sanitary survey of watershed, 978
Spangler: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Water supply
and watershed inspection 838,9C8
Sparta Township: School inspection, 275
Spartansburg: School inspection, 275
Speers: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 771
Spicer, Dr. C. B., Dispensary physician, 54
Spinach of the Philadelphia farms, 1255
Spine, Curved, found in school children, 263,269
Spinal Cord (See also Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Meningitis, Locomotor
ataxia. Poliomyelitis). Other Diseases: Deaths, by age, 451; urban and
rural, and in certain cities, *75,483
Spleen, Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural, and in cer-
tain cities, '. 477,485
Spoons: See Eating Utensils.
Spotted fever: See Cerebrospinal meningitis.
Spring Township (Berks): School inspection, 273; Measles, 295; Smallpox,
297, 298 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773
Spring Township (Centre) : Mumps, Smallpox, 316; Water supply, 839
Spring Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, 327
Spring Township (Snyder) : School inspection, 278 ; Scarlet fever, 399
Spring Brook : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 961
Spring Brook Township: School inspection, 276
Spring Brook Water Supply Co.: Permits, etc., sources, filter plants and
operation, watershed inspection 785,838,855,861,944,961
Spring City (and vicinity), (See also East Penna. State Inst, for F. M. and
E.):-
School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 771; Sanitary survey, 976; Water
examined, 579; Water supply, 784,839,944
Spring Creek : As a water supply , watershed inspection , 964,974
Spring Creek Township (Elk) : School inspection, 275
Spring Creek Township (Warren): School inspection, 279; Measles 412
Springdale (See also Penna. Glue Co.): School inspection, 273; Nuisances,
etc., 771; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Waterworks permits, 830; sources,
852; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,888,896,897,901
Springdale Township: School inspection, 273 ; Water supply, 839
Springdale Water (3o.: Permit, 839; sources, 852
Springetsbury : School inspection, 279
Springetsbury Township: Water supply, 839
Springfield: Water examined 578
Springfield Township (Bradford): School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 774
Springfield Township (Bucks): School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 772;
Scarlet fever, 307; Measles, 308; Mumps, 309
SpringiBeld Township (See also Dermady Sanatorium) (Delaware): School in-
• spection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 772; Water supply, 839
Springfield Township (Erie) : School inspection 275
Springfield Township (Payette): School inspection, 276
Springfield Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 276
Springfield Township (Mercer) : School inspection , 277 ; Mumps, 373
Springfield Township (Montgomery): School inspection, 277; Board of HealUi
lax, 379; Diphtheria, 379; Water supply, 839
Springfield Township (York): School inspection, 279
Springfield Water Co.: Permits, etc., sources, filter plants, watershed in-
spection, 784, 839, 855, 858, 861, 972; Special investigation of plants be-
cause of typhoid fever and complaints, 958
Springfield Consolidated Water Co.: Permits, etc., sources, filter plants
and operation, watershed inspection, 784, 839, 855, 858, 861, 944, 959, 961;
Water used as "bottled" water, 1356,1357
Spring Garden: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771
Spring Garden Township: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 773, 774;
. Water supply , ^ 839
Spring Grove: Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined, 581; Water supply, 784,944
Springhill Township (Fayette): School inspection, 276; Diphtheria, 339
Springhill Township (Greene): School inspection, 276; Diphtheria, 344
Spring Run: As a water supply, 945
Springtown: Measles, 308; Water examined, 578
Springville Township: School inspection, ,.. 278
Spruce Creek: Diphtheria 345
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1581
Spruce Greek Township: School inspection, 276
Spruce Kun: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968
**8punk" enlarged and prosperous, 638
Sputum: ijuDora>tory studies, d77; examinations at Mont Alto, 6^4; of cer-
tain patients discharged from Mont Alto, 160; after treatment with t^e
■biological products of the tubercle bacillus at Cresson, 700
Squint, see. Strabismus:
Stalford Brook : As a water supply, watershed inspection , 060
Stamm liun: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 067
Standing Stone Township: iScnool inspection, 274
Standing Stone Creek: As a water supply, 043
Starrucca: School inspection, 270
Starvation: Deaths, by age, 455; urban and rural, and in certain cities, .. 480,487
State Asylum for the Obrouic Insane of Pennsylvania (Wemersville): Water-
works permit, sources, filter plant and operation, 785, 830, 855, 861, 040,
044; Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 786,880,807,066
State College (Sec also John Hamilton; Penna. State College): Scarlet fever,
316; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 840; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 867,888,805,807
State College Water Co. : Permit, etc. , 840 ; sources, 857
State Horticultural Association: Addressed by the Commissioner, 102
State Hospital, see also Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital.
State Hospital for the Insane iDanville):
Water examined, 580; Waterworks, permits, sources, filter plant and
operation, 778,783,700,701,840,855,861,030,042
Sewerage plans and permits, plant and operation, 786,880,807,056,067
State Hospital for the Insane or the Southeastern District (Norristown) :
Sewerage plans and permits, 880, 807 ; plant and operation, 786,066
State Hospital for the Insane (Warren): Sewerage plans and permits, 880,
807; treatment plant, 786,057
State Hospital for the Criminal Insane (Farview): Sewerage plans and
permiU, plant and operation, 786,880,807,808,056
State Institution for Feeble-Minded of Western Pennsylvania (Polk):
Waterworks: permit, sources, filter .plant, 830, 840, 857, 861; Water ex-
amined, 581; Sewage treatment plant, permite and operation, 786,880,036, 066,057
Special appropriation and expenditures, i 1421,1423
State Normal School: cf. Mansfield.
State Police aid quarantine in Armstrong Co., 201
State Police Barracks (Greensburg) : Sewerage plans and permits, 880, 807;
plant and operation, 786,056
State School Directors' Association: Paper by the Commissioner, 103
Statistical Inspector of Dispensaries, 52
Statistician, Sanatoria, 60
Statistics, see Divisions.
Steamers, etc.: Water supply in Philadelphia, 1307,1330
Steelton:
Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 450, 462; from certain causes, 465,470
Births, by sex and month, 51/; plural and illegitimate, 541
Nuisances, etc., 771; Smallpox, 330; Waterworks permits, sources, fil-
ter plant and operation, 784,840,855,861,044
Stenographers: 10,11,12,13,37,51,62,60,65,68,78,80
Sterret Gap: Nuisances, etc 774
Sterling Township: School inspection, 270
Steuben Township: School inspection^ 275; Nuisances, etc., 772
Stevens, Dr. T. A., Assistant physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Stewardson Township: School inspection, 278
Stewart, Dr.S.C.,C.M. I., Clearfield County, 14; Abstract of reports,
322; Dispensary physician, 54
Stewart Township: School inspection, 276
Stewartstown: Sanitary survey, 970
Stewartsville: School inspection, 270
Stillbirths registered, etc 420
Stillwater: School inspection, 275
Stine Creek: As a water supply for the Hamburg Sanatorium, 081
Stites, Dr. Thomas H. A., Medical Inspector of Dispensaries, 62; Report,
600; on duty at Gettysburg, 145; addresses, attendance at meetings, 103,104
Stock, Dr. George A., C. M. I., Montour County, 15; Abstract of reports,
380; on duty at Gettysburg, 145; Dispensary physician, 57
Stockdale: School inspection, 270
Stockerton: School inspection, 277
Stockier, Dr. Jospeh A., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 50; on duty at
Gettysburg, I45
Stalaenbach, Dr. F., Dispensary physician, 53
Digitized by
Google
1532 INDEX. Off. Doc
Stomach, Diseases of, (see also Digestive System, and below):
Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 476, 484;
in cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 489-4W; in the State
and in cities over 100,000, in the first year by days, weeks, months, .. 499-502
Stomach, liver. Cancer of: Deaths, by age, 460; urban and rural, and in
<»rtain cities, 474, 482; (1906-1913), 438
Stone: see Calculi.
Stone, Raymond D.; Waterworks permit, 840; sources, 852
Stoneboro: School inspection, 277
Stony Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 964; Pollution re-
ferred to counsel, 1415
Stonycreek Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-
1913), 227; Water supply, 840
Stonycreek Township (Somerset): School inspection, 278
Stoverdale: Water examined 579
Stoverdale Campmeeting Qrounds: Sanitary inspection, 331
Stoves in schools, 272
Stowe Township: Water supply, 840
Stoyestown: School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581; Water supply,
840 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 889,902
Stoyestown Water Co. : Permit, 840 ; sources, 852
Straban Township: School inspection, 273
Strabismus, found in the inspection of school children, 262,287
Strafford: Nuisances, etc., 773
Strangulation (see also Drowning, Asphyxia): Suicidal, 455,479,487
Strayer, Dr. J. P., C. M. I., Venango County, 15; Abstract of reports,
408; Dispensary physician, 58
Strayer Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 981
Stream pollutions: Complaints and Inspections, 770, 771; references to spe-
cial counsel, 1408
Streetcar accidents and injuries:
Deaths (1912-1913), 440; by age, 455; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 480,487
Street nuisances from sewage in the gutters, 771
Strickler Mines : Water supply and water inspection 971
Stroud Township: School inspection, 277; Measles, 377; Nuisances, etc., 775
Stroudsburg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; cases of the year, 606; School
inspection, 277; Water supply and watershed inspection, 840, 963; Sewerage
plans and permits, 880,902
Stroudsburg Water Supply Co.: Permit, sources, watershed inspection,
840,857,963,972
Styer, Roland B., Assistant Engineer, 77; Special work, 1006,1033,1365
Suburban Drainage Co. (near Harrisburg): Sewerage plana and permits. 889,895,901
Suburban Water Co. of Allegheny Co. Pa.: Permits, etc., sources, filter
plant, 790, 791, 840, 855, 861; water examined 578
Sucker Run: As a water supply and watershed inspection, 943, 964; Po41u-
tion referred to counsel, 1414
Sugar Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974, 978; As an ice supply;
watershed inspection, 978; Pollution referred to counsel, 1414
Sugar Creek Township: School inspection, 278; Water supply, 840
Sugar Grove: School insnection, 278
Sugar Grove Township (Mercer) : School inspection , 277
Sugar Grove Township (Warren) : School inspection , 270
Sugarloaf Township (Columbia): School inspection, 275; Cerebrospinal men-
ingitis, 328
Sugar Loaf Township (Luzerne): School inspection, 277; Whooping cough, 309
Sugar Notch: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 770, 772; Water sup-
ply, 841
Sugar Run (West Branch): As a water supply, watershed inspection 988
Suicides (1906-1913), 440; by age, 455; State, urban and rural, and in part by
color, 468; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479, 487; In cities over
100,000, by age and in part by color, 490-494; in the State and in cities over
100,000 by months and in part by color, 496-188
Sullivan County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 23
School Medical Inspectors, 35
Ix)cal Registrars, 4S
Distributors of Antitoxins, 75
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 403
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate 548
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1^)06-1913), 570
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. OOMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1583
School inspection in Fourth Glass Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, b^ sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Sullivan Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 406
Summerhill: School inspection, 274; Water supply and watershed inspection,
968 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 889,895,901
Summerhill Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274
Summerhill Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275; Sanitary survey, 976
Summerville: School inspection, 276
Summit Township (Butler): Typhoid fever, 310
Summit Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., .... 773
Summit Township (Erie): School inspection, 275; Scarlet fever, 336
Summit Township (Somerset): School inspection, 278; Chicken pox, pneu-
monia, etc., 401; Nuisances, etc., 772, 775; Water supply, 841
Summit Water Supply Co.: As a water supply to the Cresson Sanatorium,
680; sources and watershed inspections, 966,969
Summit Hill: School inspection, 274; Smallpox, 392; Sewerage plans and
permits, 889,896,902
Sumneytown: School inspection, 277
Sunbury: (see also East End Sewer Ck>mpany; Susquehanna Sewer Company,
Third Ward Sewer Co.):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 57; Use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913), 745; cases of the year 607
Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 462; from certain causes, 465,470
Births, by sex and month, 517 ; plural and illegitimate, 541
Nuisances, etc., 771; Smallpox, 182, 383; Typhoid fever, 190; Water
examined, 581; Water supply and watershed inspection, 784,841,940,944,963
Sunbury Water Co.: Permit, sources, filter plant and operation, watershed
inspection, 784,841,855,861,940,944,963
Supplies: see Divisions.
Suprarenal disease, cf. Addison's disease.
Supreme Ck>urt of Pennsylvania: Decision regarding the case of the Devon
Sewage Co., 114
Survey: see Sanitary surveys.
Susquehanna County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 24
School Medical Inspectors, 35
Local Registrars, 48
Distributors of Antitoxins, 75
Tuberculosis Dispensary, - 58
Abstract of reports of the Countv Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, .... 404
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 549
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) , ^0
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Susquehanna (Susquehanna Depot):
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 607; School inspection,
278; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602; Sewerage plans and permits, 889,895,897,902
Susquehanna Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274; Water supply, 841
Susquehanna Township (Dauphin): (see also Penna. State Lunatic Hos-
Sital; Suburban Drainage Company): Nuisances, etc., 772, 773, 775;
[easles, 330; Water supply, 841
Susquehanna Township (Juniata): School inspection. 276
Susquehanna Township Water Co. (Dauphin): Permit, 841; sources, 855
Susquehanna River (and N. Branch): As a water supply, 943, 945; sanitary
survey of watershed, 977
Susquehanna Sewer Co. (Sunbury): Sewerage plans and permits, 889,902
Suterville: School inspection, 279
Swamp: School inspection .' 277
Swamp Land and Stagnant Water as nuisances, and inspections, 771,776
Swarthmore: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, attributed to Philadel-
delphia, 1302, 1303; Sewerage plans and permits, 867,890,895,897,902
Swarthmore College: Smallpox, 332
Swatara Creek (see also Big Swatara Creek): As a water supply, watershed
inspection, 943, 966, 967; Pollution referred to counsel, 1413
Swatara Township (Dauphin): Nuisances, etc., 771, 773; Water supply 841,942
Swatara Township (Lebanon): School inspection, 276
Digitized by
Google
1534 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Swatara Heights: Water examined, W9
Sweden Township: School inspection, 278
Sweeping, in schools, 272
Swissvale: Deaths by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 517; plural
and illegitimate, 5*2 ; Water supply, 841
Swoyersville: Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and moth, 517; plural
and illegitimate, 542; Sanitary survey, 976; Swamp nuisances investigated,
©58; Water supply, 841
Sykesville: School inspection, 276
Sylvania: School inspection, 273
Sylvania Township: School inspection, 278
Syphilis (see also Endarteritis): in the previous medical history of patients
at Mont Alto, 632 ;Deaths, by age, 450; urban and rural, and in certain
cities, 474, 482; in the State and in cities over 100,000, in the first year
by days, weeks, monUis, 499-501
Tabulations and records made in the Division of Statistics, 429
Tacony (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Tamaqua: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 607
Deaths, by months, 445
Births, by sex and month, 517 ; plural and illegitimate, 542
Smallpox, 387, 392, 397 ; Nuisances, etc. , 771 ; Water examined, 581
Waterworks permit, 841; sources, 855
Tanks used in sewage treatment plants, 954,955,956
Tannery wastes: Special inspection in Bradford Co.. 304
Tarentum: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tuoerde Bacilli Products,
(1900-1913), 745 ; case of the year, 607
Deaths, by months, 445
Births, by sex and month, 517; plural and illegitimate, 542
Nuisances, etc., 771
Special report on an outbreak of typhoid fever, 1376
Water examined, 578; Water supply: Permits, sources, filter plant,
779, 784, 790, 841, 855, 861, 940, 944, 1377; Sewerage plans and permits,
780, 867 ,890,895,897 ,9Cr2
Tarentum Water Company: (see also Allegheny Valley Water Co.): Permit,
etc., 841; sources, 855; filter plant, 801
Tatamy: School inspection, 277; Sanitary survey 97tj
Taylor, Dr. J . S . , Bacteriologist at Cresson, 12,65
Taylor: Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 517; plural and
illegitimate, 542; Sewerage plans and permits 890,902
Taylor Township (Blair): School inspection, 273
Taylor Township (Centre) : School inspection, 274
Taylor Township (Fulton): School inspection, 276
Taylor Township (Lawrence), (see also West Pittsburgh Realty Co.): School
inspection, 276; Water supply, .' 841
Taylor Township (Luzerne): Water supply, 841
Teachers: Return reports concerning defects of school children, 28U
Teachers' Institute (Bucks County) , addressed by a representative of the De-
partment, 102
Teeth: Defects in school children, 262, 266, 268; Reported improvement, .... 271
Telford: School inspection, 274; Water supply, 841
Telford Water Company: Permit, 841; sources, 852
Tell Township: School inspection, 276
Tener, John K., Governor of Pennsylvania: Letter of Transmittal, 3; Ac-
tivity concerning the Gettysburg celebration, 117
Tenement houses, cf . Housing.
Ten Mile Creek (also. North Fork): As a water supply, watershed inspection,
943 963 966
Ten Mile Run. cf. Big Ten Mile Run.
Terry Township: School inspection, 274
Tetanus: Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, 556
Mortalitv: Deaths, by age, 449; urban and rural and in certain cities,
474, 482; in the State and in cities over 100,000, in the first year by
days, weeks, months, 489-501
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 295,303,319,325,326,341,360,366,384,425
Tetanus Antitoxin, Distribution and use, 705,734
Texas Township: School inspection, 279; Nuisances,* etc., 774
Typhoid fever, 416; Chicken pox, 417; Smallpox, 418
Three Runs: Typhoid fever (?), 379
Third Ward Sewer Co. (Sunbury): Sewerage plans and permits, 890,902
Thomason , Dr. W . P . , Dispensary physician, 57
Thomasville: Water examined, 581
Thompson: School inspection, 278
Thompson Township (Fulton): School inspection, 276
Thompson Township (Susquehanna) : School inspection, 278 ; Mumps, 405
Thompsontown: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 842
Thompsontown Water Company, cf. H. W. Wickersham.
Thorade diseases, see Respiratory System.
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1®5
Page.
Thorn Run: As a water supply, W3
Thomburg: School inspection, 273
Thornhury Township (Chester): School insoection. 274
Thornbury Township (Delaware), see Glen Mills Schools: School inspection, 276
Nuisances, etc . , 773
Thornhurst: Nuisances, etc., 774
Three Mile Run: As a water supply 1370
Three Springs: Water examined, 680
Thrombosis, see Embolism. ^ ,,
Throop: Deaths by months, 445; plural and illegitimate, 542; Smallpox, 356;
Water supply, 842; Sewerage plans and permits 890,805,901
Thyreoid body. Diseases of the: Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural, and
in certain cities. 476,484
Tidioute: School inspection, 278
Tilden Township: Scnool inspection, 273; Measles, 296
Tinea, see Ringworm.
Tinicum Township (Bucks): School inspection, 274
Tinicum Township (Delaware): School inspection, 275; Water supply, 842
Tioga County:
County Medical Inspector » 15
Township Health Officers 24
.School Medical Inspectors, 35
r-K)cnl Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxins, 75
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and ripgulation of dairies because of them, 406
Summary of work of Health Officers, 426
Rural Mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural Births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 550
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by years (1906-1913) 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 266
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Tioga: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; cases of the year, 606; School inspec-
tion, 278; Nuisances, etc., 772
Tioga Township : Chicken pox, 407 ; School inspection, 278
Tioga River: Sanitary Survey of watershed, 977
Tionesta: Tuberculosis Disoensary, 55; cases of the year, 605; School in-
spection 276
Tionesta Township: School inspection , 276
TituRville: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products
(1909-1913), 745; cases of the yoar, 007
Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex and month, 518; plural and ille-
gitimate. 542; Sewerage plans and permits 890,902
Toboyne Township : School inspection , 278 ; Whooping cough , 384
Toby Township: School inspection, 275
Tobyhanna : Nuisances, etc . , 774
Tobyhauna Township: School inspection, 277; Scarlet fever, 376; Water
supply, 842
Todd Township (Fulton): School inspection, 276
Todd Township (Huntingdon): School inspection, 276
Tohickon Creek : As a water supply, watershed inspection, 968,974
Tomb, Dr. H. F., Dispensary physician, 54
Tomhicken Creek, as on ice supply, 1027
Tonsillar Diphtheria, Results of treatment, 722
Tonsils.- Affected in school children, 262, 266, 268, 270; Reported improve-
ment, 271 *
Topton : School inappction , 273
Torrpsdale Water District (Philadplphia>: Notes on the water supply and its
relation to the prevalence of typhoid fever, ..1033,1034,1038,1039,1047,1171-1190,1306
Torrey, Dr. R. (r., Dispensary physician, 57
Toughkenamon: Water examined 579
Towanda: Tnberrnlosis Dispensary. 53: case of the year, 606; School in-
spection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water examined, 578; Water supply,
and wntprshed insppotion. 842. 963: Sewerage plans and permits, 867,890,895,897,901
Towanda Township: School inspection, 274
Towanda Water Works Company: Permit, etc., sources, watershed inspect
tion, 842,857,963,972
Towanda Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 963,974
Towels for public use , Regulation concerning 81
Townships: Obligations regarding the maintenance of Boards of Health, 110
Township Health Officers, see Health Officers.
Township Line Run: As a water supply and watershed inspection, 971
^'^ Digitized by Google
1636 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Townville: School inspection, 275
Trachoma : found in the inspection of school children, 262,267
Morbidity (1906-1913), 563; urban and rural, by months, 656; in the
county reports, 322,420
Trafford: School inspection, 279 ; Water supply, 842
Trainer, Dr. R. F., Dispensary physician, 56
Trappe: School inspection, 277 ; Nuisances, etc. , , 771
Traumatism causing death (see also External Causes, and Accidental Death):
Deaths, by age, 465; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479,487
Treasure Island : Water examined, 578
Tredyffrin Township: School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 773; Diph-
theria, 318; Measles, 318; Whooping cough, 320; Typhoid fever, attributed
to Philadelphia, 1302; Inspection of watercress farms near Paoli, 1362;
Water examined, 579 ; Water supply, 842
Tremont: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 771; Sanitary survey,
976 ; Water supply, 842
Tremont Township, School inspection, 278
Tremont Water and Gas Company: Permit, 842; sources, 857; patrol, 972
Tressler Orphans' Home (Loysville): Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,956
Trevorton: Water examined, 581
Trevorton Water Supply Company : Permit, 842 ; sources, 852
Trevorton Sewerage Company: Sewerage plans and permits, 890,899
Trevose Manor Spring Water Company: Permit, 842; sources, «852
Trichiniasis: Morbidity (1906-1913), 653; urban and rural, by months, 556
Tri-Cities Water Company: History (Permits, etc.), filter plants and opera-
tion, 784,843,858,860,999,942
Triplets of the year, and bv the nativity of the mother, 529
Triumph Township : School inspection , 279 ; Measles , 411
Trooper: Nuisances, etc., 772
Trout Creek : As a water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Trout Run (place): Nuisances, etc., 774
Trout Run (stream): As a water supply, watershed inspection, 964,968
Trout Run Water Company: Permit, etc., 843 ; sources, 867 ; watershed patrol 972
Troutville: Water examined, 579
Troxelville: Water examined, 681
Troy: School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578; Water works permits,
etc., sources, tilter plant, watershed inspection, 779, 790. 791, 843, 857, 861,
968; Inspection of the watershed of an ice supply, 978; Water supply
pollution referred to counsel, 1414
Troy Township (Bradford) : School inspection 274
Troy Township (Crawford): School inspection, 275
Truck farming in Philadelphia, and the use of night soil, 1253,1255
Trumbauerville: School inspection, 274
Tryonville: Water examined, 579
Tubercle bacillus: Biological products of the. Distribution and use, 94, 652,
664, 666, 691, 705, 740, 742; Laboratory examinations (see also Sputum,
Urine), 577, 581, 582; Study of the immunizing power of the blood serum
of the turtle, 584; Experiments undertaken to determine the influence of
bacilliary wax in modifying susceptibility, 584
Tuberculosis: Morbidity reported (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by
months, 556; Morbidity tables: urban, rural, by sex, by age, etc., in
part for 1906-1913, 562; Notes on the reporting of rural cases by counties:
84, 283, 291, 292, 295,299,303,313,316,319,327,333,335,340,341,349,350,351,354,360.381,
366,369,373,381,382,384,400.401,405,412,418,420,422
Mortality: Comments, 88; death rates (1906-1913), 436; percentage of the
various forms, 437; pulmonary tuberculosis (1906-1913), rate, deaths by
month and by age, 437, 438; by age, 450; State, urban and rural,
and in part by color, 463; urban and rural and in certain cities, 474 482;
in cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 489-494; in the State
and in cities over 100,000, by months and in part by color, 495-498; in
the State and in cities over 100,000, in the first year by days, weeks,
months, 499^501
Patients and Treatment. See also the reports of the Dispensaries and
Sanatoria : Comments on these ' 90
Found in the inspection of school children, 262, 266, 268; Reported im-
provement, 271
National Association for Study and Prevention, Representation of the
Department at the annual meeting, 103
Exhibit U, 52.183,404. e02
Fund and expenditures, 1422,1426,1429,1431
Not found in an examination of turtles, ' 684
"Tuberculosis Sunday", 97, 105, letter to the clergy, 97; notes on tuberculosis,
its history, and its prevalence in Pennsylvania, 98,99
Tucker, Dr. J. D., Dispensary physician, 58
Tule, Dr. R. B., Dispensary physician, 57
Digitized by
Google
No. W. C30MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1S37
Tullytown: School inspection, 274 ; Nuisances, etc. , 771
Tumors: Laboratory examinations, 577; Deaths (see also Cancer, etc.. Gen-
itourinary System), 450,453,474,477,482,485
Tunitzky, Dr. Leon J., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Tunkhannock : Tuberculosis Dispensary, 50 ; cases of the year, 006
Tunkhannock Township (Monroe): School inspection, 277
Tunkhannock Township (Wyoming) : Measles, 421 ; Whooping cough, 423
Tunkhannock Greek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 907,974
Tunnelhill: School inspection, 274: Water supply and watershed inspection, 968
Turbett Township: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 843; Diphtheria, 382
Turbotville: School inspection, 277 ; Water examined, 581
Turnbull, Dr. W. G., Dispensary physician, 53; Medical Director of the
Cresson Sanatorium, 04; Report, 080; On duty at Gettysburg, 145; (and
S. H. Rinehardt): Report on results obtained by the use of the biological
products of the tubercle bacillus at the Cresson Sanatorium, 691
Turner, Dr. A. L., Dispensary physician, 11,57
TurUes: Report of a laboratory examination for tuberculosis, and a study
of the immunizing power of turtie serum, 584
Turtle Creek: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 843
Tuscarora: Water examined, 681
Tuscarora T ownship (Bradford): School inspection, 274; Poliomyelitis, 301
Tuscarora Township (Juniata) : School inspection , 276
Tuscarora Township (Perry): School inspection, 278; Water supply, 843
Twins for the year, and by the nativity of the mothers, 527
Twin Oaks (Camp Meeting): Typhoid fever, 332
Two Lick Creek: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 943,962
Tyler : Trachoma , 322
Typhlitis, see Appendicitis.
Typhoid bacilli (and associated microorganisms) : Laboratory examinations and
studies, 576-584 ; Special diagnostic studies (Renovo) , 196
Typhoid Carrier: and the milk supply of Sellersville, 1372; see also the para-
typhoid carrier in West Rockhill Townshi
Typhoid fever (see also Paratyphoid fever):
typhoid carrier in West Rockhill Township, 582
Morbidity (1900-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months. 550; morbidity
tables, urban, rural, by sex, age, etc.. 557; for rural cases, see also
the reports of the C. M. I. as noted below.
Mortality: Comment, 88; Deaths and death rates (1906-1913), 431; by
months, sex and age (1900-1913), 432; by age, 449; State, urban and
rural and in part by color, 463; urban and rural and in certain cities,
473, 481; in cities over 100,000, by age and in part bv color, 489-493;
in the State and in cities over 100,000, by months and in part by color,
495-406
Typhoid fever: Notes on the outbreaks, and Special reports of the Division of
Medical Inspection and of the Division of Sanitair Engineering: 82, 84,
182, 180, 938; (Ardmore) 958; (Bedford Co., Monroe Twp.) 294; (Bethlehem)
982; (Coatesville) 200; (Connellsville and South ConnellsviUe) 988; (Cumber-
land Co.) 329; (Franklin and Rocky Grove) 995; (Fullerton and West Cata-
sauqua) 212, 1004; (Hadley) 374; (Johnsonburg) 1006; (Kutztown) 1013;
(Lykens and Wiconisco Twp.) 208; (Mont Alto Santorium) 635; (New Jer-
sey, attributed to Philadelphia) 1314 ; (Nuremberg) 1024 ; (Philadelphia) 83,
1032; (Vicinity, but attributed to Philadelphia), 1301; (Philadelphia, water
cress) 83, 1362; (Rauchtown) 1365; (Reading) 1367; (Renovo) 189; (Sellers-
ville) 1309; (Sharon and Farrell) 1372; (Tarentum, Brackenridge, etc.)
1376; (West Reading) 1382; (Wrightsville) , 1300
Notes on rural cases in the counties: 283,291,292,293,295,290,299,300,303,300,310
312, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321 ,322, 324, 325, 326. 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, a34.a^5,a36. 337, 340
341, 342, 344, 345, 349,350,351 ,a'>4,356,360,361 ,367,368,369,371,374,375,376,378,379
380, 382, 383, 384, 385,386,388,395,306,398,399,401,403,404,405,400,410,412,413,415
416.418,419,421,423,424,425
Typhoid fever in the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 632
Typhoid Vaccine, may be distributed by the Commissioner, 81
Typhus fever: Morbidity (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural, by months, .... 566
Mortality, 449,473
Tyrone: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913), 746; cases of the year, 606; Deaths, by months, 445; Births, by sex
and month, 518; plural and illegitimate, 542; Smallpox, 299; Water exam-
ined , 578 ; Water supply, 843 ; Sewerage plans and permits, 890,890
Tyrone Township (Blair): School inspection, 273
Tyrone Township (Perry): School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 384
Ulcer of the Stomach: Deaths, by age, 452; urban and rural and in certain
cities. 476,484
97—14—1916
Digitized by VjOOQlC
1538 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Ulster: School inspection, 274
Ulster Township: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria, 902
Ulysses, (P. O?), cf. Lewisville.
Ulysses Township: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 772
Uncinariasis, see Ankylostomiasis.
Underwood, Dr. S. L. , Dispensary physician, 56
Union CJounty:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 24
School Medical Inspectors, 35
Local Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxin , 76
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 408
Summary of work of Health Officers, 436
Rural mortality, by months, 447; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 524; plural and illegitimate, 550
Marriages, by months, 569; rate, by years (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 063
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Union (Adams): School inspection, 273
Union (Chester) : School inspection, 274
Union (Crawford): School inspection 275
Union (Washington): School inspection, 279
Union City: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; Nuisances, etc.,
771; Water supply, watershed inspection, 968; Sewerage plans and permits,
780,867,890,895,806,001
Union Township (Adams): School inspection, 273
Union Township (Allegheny: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 843
Union Township (Bedford) : School inspection , 273
Union Township (Berks): School inspection, 273; Measles, 295
Union Township (Centre): School inspection, 274
Union Township (Clearfield): School inspection, 275
Union Township (Crawford) : School inspection, 275
Union Township (Erie): School inspection, 275; Diphtheria, 336
Union Township (Fulton): School inspection, 276
Union Township (Huntingdon) : School inspection , 276
Union Township (Jefferson): School inspection, 276
Union Township (Lawrence): School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 773,774
Union Township (Lebanon): School inspection 276
Union Township (Schuylkill): School inspection, 278; Communicable disease, 380
Union Township (Tioga) : Nuisances, etc. , 775
Union Township (Union): School inspection, 278
Uniontown (Dauphin): School inspection 275
Uniontown (Fayette): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 65; cases of the year, 606;
Deaths, by months, 445; by age, 459, 462; from certain causes, 465, 470;
Births, by sex and month, 518; plural nnd illegitimate, 542; Nuisance, etc.,
770; Small pox from a circus, 242; lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water
examined, 579; Water supply, 843; Sewerage plans and permits,.. 781, 867,890,805,901
Uniontown Water Company: Permit, 843; sources, 855; watershed patrol, 972
Unionville: Nuisances, etc., 770; Typhoid fever, 190; Water supply, permit
843 ; sources, 852
Unity Township: Measles, 419
Unity Water Company : Permit, 843 ; sources, 856 ; filter plant, 881
Universal Portland Cement Company: Sewage treatment plant and opera-
tion, 787,956
University Camp: Water examined, 580
University Water Company: Permit, etc., 843; sources, 857
Unsanitary premises: Complaints and inspections, 770,771,773
Upfollow of Sanatorium cases: Summary, 93,95,155,170,649,606
Upland: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 843; Sewerage plans and
permits, g90 ggg ggg
Upoer Allen Township: School inspection, '.!.!.!..!.'....' '2W>
Upper Augusta Township: School inspection. 277; Typhoid fever
Uppor Chichester Township: School inspection, 275; Typhoid fever, 333
I pppr Darby: Nuisances, etc. , 771
Upper Darby Township: Water supply, 843; Sewerage plans and permitB.
867, SJK), 895, 898, 901 ; School inspection, .r.™:!!! tn
Upper Dublin Township: Nuisances, etc.. 774; Water supply, . . . hm
Upper Fairfield Township: School inspection, '.'*.'.* 277
Upper Gwynedd Township: Water supply, ..!!.!!! 843
Upper Gwynedd Water Company: Permit, 843; sources, 858
Digitized by
Google
»o. 14. CX)MMISSION£R OF HEALTH. 1539
Upper Hanover Township: School inspection^ 277 ; Water examined, 580
u Mper HiUviUe: VV aier exammtKi, 579
Upper Leacock Township: Nuisances, etc., 772
Upper Macungie Township: School inspection, 277
Upper Mahanoy Township: Typhoid fever, 382
Upper Mahantango Township: School inspection, 278; Typhoid fever, 388;
Ohicken pox. Mumps, 390,390
Upper Makefield Township: Chicken pox, 300
Upper Mauch Chunk: Water supply, 844
Upper Mauch Chunk Water Company: Permit, 844; sources, 857; watershed
patrol, 972
Upper Merion Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 844
Upper Mifflin Township: School inspection, 2/5
Upper Milford Township: School inspection, 277; Chicken pox, mumps, 366;
Water supply, 844
Upper Mt. Bethel Township: Water supply, 844
Upper Nazareth Township: Nuisances, etc. , 772 ; Water supply 844
Upper Paxton Township: School inspection, 2/6; Measles, 330; Infantile
paralysis, 331
Upper Pottsgrove Township: School inspection, 277
Upper Providence Township (Delaware): School insx)ection, 275
Upper Providence Township (Montgomery;: School inspection, 277; Water
examined, 580; Water supply, 844
Upper Koxborough Filter Plant^and Water District (Philadelphia), in rela-
Liou iij me ouioi-eaR or lypuola lever, i0o3,i2tM:, 1284,1286, 1291, 1293
Upper St. Clair Township: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 844
Upper Saucon Township: Nuisances, etc. , 775
Upper Turkeyfoot Township: School inspection, 278
Upper Tyrone Township: School inspection, 276 ; Nuisances, etc. , 774
Upper Uwchlan Township: School inspection, 274
Upper Yoder Township: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913), 227
Urban births: by sex and month 503; by age and nativity of motbers, 526;
by the quotity of the child and the nativity of the mother, 527; by the
nativity of the mother and the number of living children, 5^; plural and
illegitimate, by the nativity of the mother, 529
Urban morbidity: by months, 554; for certain diseases with other details:
TypUoid fever, 5o/ jDiphtheria, 558, 559: Scarlet fever, 560; Tuberculosis
Urban mortality (Municipalities over and under 5,000): by months, 442; (Mun-
icipalities over 10,000): by age, and in part by color, 457, 460; from certain
causes in municipalities over 10,000, and in part by color, 463, 468 ; for each
cause and class of causes for the municipalities over 10,000 and for certain
cities, 473, 481; in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Scranton: from certain
causes by age and in part by color, 489-494; from certain causes by month
and in part by color, 495-498 ; from certain causes in the first year, by days,
weeks, months, 499-502
Urethra, Urinary passages, etc.. See Diseases of the Genitourinary System:
See also Calculi.
Urine: Laboratory examinations, 577,582,634
Uterus, (See also Genitourinary System, Cancer, Puerperal State), Diseases
of the, (Haemorrhage, Tumor, etc.): Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural,
and in certain cities, 477,485
Utica: School inspection, 278; Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, '969
Uwchlan Township: School inspection, 274
"Vacation Typhoid": Inspection along Perkiomen Creek, 958,1369
Vaccine, and Vaccine Supplies: Distribution and use, 706,760
Vaccine ("anti typhoid") : Free typhoid vaccine may be distributed, '81
Vaccination difficulties in Lebanon County, 364
Valencia: School inspection, 274
Valley Township (Armstrong): School inspection, 1 !..!!.. 273
Valley Township (Chester): School inspection, 274; Nuisances, etc., 773;
Typhoid fever, 201,320
Valley Township (Montour): School inspection, 271
Valley Camp Association: Sewerage plans and permits, 891, 897; plant and
operation, ygg ggg
Valley Creek, as a water supply for cress farms, i363
Valley Forge Park Commissioners: Water supply, permit, 844; sources
856 ; filter plant, 862 ; Sewerage application, ' 780
Valley View: Water examined, ...,..., 581
Vanauken Creek : as a water supply, watershed inspection , ...[. 9^9
Vanderbilt: School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 771; Milk examined! '.', 577
Vandergnft: School inspection, 279; Smallpox, 419; Water supply, 784 944
Vandergrift Water Company: Filtration plant and operation, .. 784*944
Vandergrift Heights: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc V. '771
Vander Slice, Dr. Edwin R., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, .... "" 60
Digitized by
Google
1540 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Vandling: School inspection, 276
Van Meter: Water supply, 844
Van Ormer: Water examined, 579
Varices, see Veins .
Vegetable cellar at Cresson, 926
Vegetables: from farms in South Philadelphia dangerous. How sold, 1255;
Danger when eaten raw and method of handling, 1364
Vehicular injuries, causing death, 440,455,480 487
Veins, Diseases of the (varices, haemorrhoids, phlebitis, etc.): Deaths, by
age, 451; urban and rural and in certain cities, 476,484
Venango County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 24
School Medical Inspectors, 35
Local Registrars, ^
Distributors of Antitoxins, 76
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 68
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; inyestigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 406
Summary of work of Health Officers, 428
Rural mortality, by months . 447 ; from certain causes, 467»472
Rural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and illegitimate, 550
Marriages, by months, 509; rate, by years, (1906-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; Normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, .. 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Venango: School inspection, 275
Venango Township (Butler): Whooping Cough, 310
Venango Township (Crawford) : School inspection , 275
Venango Oil and Land Company: Waterworks permit, 844; sources, 852
Venango Water Company (See also Franklin): Permits, 845; filter plant, .... 862
Ventilation of schools, 272
Vernon Township : School inspection , 275 ; Nuisances , etc . , 773
Verona: Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 845; Sewerage plans and pei>
mits, 891 ,902
Verreville (Philadelphia): Water supply, 1048
Versailles: School inspection, 273; Sewerage permit, 891; Sewerage plans and
permits, 899
Versailles Township: School inspection, 273
Vesta Coal Company: Waterworks permit, 845; sources, 857; Sewerage plans
and permits, 780,867,891,895,898
Victory Township: School inspection, 278
Villa Nova: Water examined, 579
Villa Nova College: Sewage treatment plant and operation, 787,998
Vintondale: School inspection, 274; Water supply and watershed inspec-
tion, 969
Violent deaths (1906-1912), 440; by age, 456; State, urban and rural, and in
part by color, 468; urban and rural, and in certain cities, 479, 487; in
cities over 100,000, by age and in part by color, 490-494 ; in the State and
in cities over 100,000, by months and in part by color, 495-498: in the State
and ciKes over 100,000, in the first year, by days, weeks, months, 499-502
Vision, Defects in school children, 86, 262, 266, 287; by age, 270
Volant: School inspection, 276
Wadhams, Dr. R. L., Dispensary physician, 56
Wagenseller, Dr. F. J. (deceased); O. M. I., Snyder county, 10, 15; Dis-
pensary physician, 11,58
Wagenseller, Dr. Henry F., C. M. I., for Snyder County, 10, 15; Abstract
of reports, 399; Activities at Selinsgrove, 182; Dispensary physician 11,58
Wagner, Dr. Jos., Dispensary physician, SB
Waldameer Park (Brie Co.) , Inspection of summer cottages, 336
Walker Township (Huntingdon) , School inspection, 276
Walker Township (Juniata), School inspection, 276; Nuisances, etc., 772
Walker Township: (Schuylkill), School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, 389,380
Wall: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 845; Sewerage plans and per-
mits, 891,806,908
Wallace Township: School inspection, 274
Wallace Run: As a water supply, 945
Wallaceton: Nuisances, etc.. 771
Wallacetown: School inspection, 275
Wallingford: Water supply, 9is
Walnutport: Sanitary survey, 97fl
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. IMl
Walston: Scarlet fever ; quarantine troubles, 3^
Wampum: School inspection, ^2
Ward Township: School inspection, ^g
Warminster: Water examined, ^
Warminster Township: Typhoid fever, ow
Wame, Dr. J. L^ Dispensary physician, «
Warren, Dr. B. Bt., Member of the Advisory Board, 13
Warren, Dr. J. W., Assistant to the Commissioner, 10,13
Warren County:
County Medical Insoector, 15
Township Health Officers, 24
School Medical Inspectors, 3o
Local Registrars, ^
Distributors of Antitoxins, 70
Tuberculosis Dispensary, ,-;;:-:-v : :••••••.••••. ; *
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspectors: investigation of
commimicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, — 411
Summary of work of Health Officers*, 428
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and illegitimate, 660
Marriages, by months, 569 ; rate, by vears (1905-1913), 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 278; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 681
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,800
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, .. 683
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Warren, (See also State Hospital): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 68; Cases of the
year, 606; Deaths by months, 446; by age, 459, 462; from certain causes,
465, 470; Births, by sex and month, 518; plural and illegitimate, 642;
Nuisances, etc., 771, 774; I..ecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined,
581; Water supply, 784, 845, 944; Sewerage plans and permits, ....781,891,805,002
Warren Township: School inspection, 274
Warren Water Co.: Permits, 845; sources, 856; filter plant and operation,
784, 862, 944; watershed patrol, 972; Sewerage treatment plant and opera-
tion. 787,«58
Warrington Township: (Bucks), School inspection, 274; Diphtheria, 307;
Chicken pox, 308
Warrington Township (York) : School inspection, 279 ; Water examined, 581
Warriors Mnrk: Diphtherift. 34.5; SniMl!p'»x 348
Warriors Mark Township: School inspection, 278
Warrior's Ridge: Smallpox, 347
Warriors Run: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 845; Sewerage plans
and permits, 891,901
Warsaw Township: School Inspection, 278
Warwick. Township: School inspection, 274
Washington County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 24
School Medical Inspectors, 36
Local Registrars, 40
Distributors of Antitoxins, 78
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 68
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspectors: investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 413
Summary of work of Health Officers 426
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and illegitimate, 6S0
Marriages by months, 569 ; rate, b^ yonrs 0906-1913) , 570
School inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 279; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the Iwaboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,600
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, . . 683
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Washington Co. Home: Water supply and watershed inspection, 971
Washington (Bucks): Measles, 308
Washington (Lancaster): School inspection^ 278
Washington (Washington): Tuberculosis Dispensary, 58; Cases of the year,
607; Deaths, by months, 446; by age, 450, 462; from certain causes,
465, 470; Births, by sex and month, 518; plural and illegitimate, 543; Nui-
sances, etc., 771; Lecture on Tuberculosis, 602; Smallpox from a circus,
242; Water supply, 784, 944; Sewerage (and East Washington) plans and
W permits, 866, 891, 895, 897; plant and operation, 785,966,057
ashington (Westmoreland) : Typhoid fever, 419
Digitized by
Google
1542 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Washington Township (Berks) : School inspection, 373
Washington Township (Butler): School inspection, 274; Whooping cough, 310
Washington Township (Cambria): School inspection, 274
Washington Township (Clarion) : School inspection, 275
Washington Township (Dauphin) : School inspection, 275
Washington Township (Erie): School inspection, 275; Whooping cough, 336
Washington Township( Fayette) : School inspection , 276 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773 .
Washington Township (Franklin): Diphtheria, 342; Water supply, M5
Washington Township (Greene) : School inspection , 276
Washington Township (Indiana): School inspection, 276; (Communicable dis-
eases, V 350
Washington Township (Jefferson): School inspection, 276; Scarlet fever, ..
352; Water sources for B. R. & P. R. Co., :':v -.7 -Wl
Washington Township (Lawrence) : School inspection V. 276
Washington Township (Lehigh): School inspection. 277^ 'Nuisances, etc., 775;
Water supply .- .'l .*: M5
Washin^rton Township (Lycoming) : School inspfiction , 277
Washington Township (Northampton): Nuisances, etc., 772; Water supply, 845
Washington Township (Schuylkill) : School inspection , 278
Washington Township (Westmoreland): School inspection, 279; Water ex-
amined , 581
Washington Township (Wyoming): School inspection, 279; Chicken pox, .. 422
Washington Water Supply Co.: Permit, 845; sources, 856; watershed patrol. 972
Washingtonville: School inspection , 277
Wasley, Dr. H. M., Dispensary physician, 58
Wastes, Industrial as nuisances: Inspections, 771
Waterworks and supplies (noted in detail under the places supplied):
Sources, 851, 903, 911, 931, 952. 1354: permits, etc., 778. 781. 788. 792:
filtration plants and supervision, 938. 939, 941, a50, 1418; watershed
inspection or patrol, 960. 961, 962, 963. 969, 972, 977, (for ice supplies)
978; inspection of school supplies, 272; Analyses (bacteriological and
chemical) in the Filtration Plants, 940, 947, 949, also in many reports
of typhoid fever and especially for the supply of Philadelphia (10.^-
1308, passim); examinations in the Laboratories, 578; impure water
(complaints and inspections) 771, 772; Stagnant water, swamps, 771,
775; pollution by* dual systems of pipps, iaS2, 1062, 1090. 1091, 1106.
1135, 1137, 1155, 1184, 1191, 1203, 1239, 1247, 1294; poUutions re-
fered to counsel, 114,1408
Water on the wharves, bulkheads, and ferry and other boats in Phila-
delphia, 1307
Water and Tvphoid fever: Investigations concerning the relation of the
water supply to various outbreaks. 191, 2a5. 209, 21 1.212, 324. 327. 958 .985, 990. 996.
1014,1020,1024,1030,1033,1366.1367,1375,1380.1,381,1382.1409
Waterboats , of Philadelphia. 1307.1308
Water, Bottled, sold in Philadelnhia, 1351
Watercress, as a probable source of typhoid fever, 83,136B
Waterford: School inspection, 275; Water examined, 579; Water supply, .. 845
Waterford Township : School inspection , 275
Waterford Water Co. : Permits, 845 : sources, 852
Waterside: Nuisances, etc.. 772; Water examined, 578
Water Street (Morris Twp.) : Measles, 3i6
Watson, Dr. R. B., C. M. I., Clinton County, 14; Abstract of reports, 323;
Dispensary physirian , 54
Watson Township (Lycoming) : School inspection, 277
Watson Township (Warren) : School inspection , 279
Watsontown: School inspection, 277; Nuisances, etc., 771; Sewerage plans
and permits, 781,891,8«>,902
Watta Township: School inspection, 278
Wattsburg: School inspection, 275 ; Nuisances, etc. , 771
Waverly: School inspection, 276
Wawa: Water examined, 579
Wax of the tubercle bacillus: Experiments to determine its influence in
modifying susceptibility to the tubercle bacillus, 584
Waymart: School inspection, 279; Diphtheria, 417; Water supply and water-
shed inspection, • ,• 55
Waymart Water Co . : Sources and watershed inspection , 989
Wayne County:
County Medical Inspector 1*
Township Health Officers, 25
School Medical Inspectors, 38
lx)cal Registrars, W
Distributors of Antitoxins, 2
Tuberculosis Dispensary .. ^ »
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; itfyestigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 416
Summarv of work of Health Officers, 436
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes, 467 .47J
Digitized by
Google
No,: 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. A«3
Bural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and iUegltiinate, 550
Marriages, by months, 560; rate, by years (190d-1913), 670
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 279; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Wayne: MUk examined, 577
Wayne Sewerage Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 891, 895, 807; plant and
operations, 786,956,957
Wayne Township (Armstrong): School inspection, 273
Wayne Township (Clinton) : School inspection, 275
Wayne Township (Crawford) : School inspection, 275
Wayne Township (Dauphin) : School inspection, 275
Wayne Township (Greene) : Sc^'c -^1 inspection, 276
Wayne Township (Lawrence) : Nuisuuces, etc. , 772 ; Watc" supply, H'Xo
Wayne Township (Schuylkill): School inspvction, 278; Measles, 396
Waynesboro: Tuberculosis Dispensary ,* 5o ; Use of tubercle bacilli products
(1909-1913,) 745; Cases of the year, 607; Deaths, by months, 446; Births,
by sex and month, 518; plural and illegitimate, 543; Nuisances, etc., 771;
Scarlet fever 342
Water examined, 580; water supply and w*utorshed inspection, 969
Waynesboro Water Co . : Sources and watershed inspection , 969
Waynesburg: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 55; Cases of the year, 606; School
inspection, 276; Water examined, 580; Water supply and watershed in-
spection '. 785,944,963
Waynesburg Water Co.: Sources and watershed inspection, 963; Filtration
W?lant and operation, 785,944
eatherly: Water supply, 845; Sewerage plans and permits, 891,899
AVeatherly Water Co.: Permit, 845; sources, 856
Weaver, Dr. L. S . , Dispensary physician, 59
Weber, Dr. Charles, Dispensary physician, 57
Webbert, C. W., General Inspector, 13; annual report, 109; on duty at
Gettysburg, 146
Weedville: Water examined, 579
Wehrum : Water supply and watershed inspection, 970
Weight changes of patients of the Dispensaries, 602, 608, 620; of Mont
Alto, 629, 654, 671; of Cresson, 692,700
Weisenberg Township: School inspection, 277 ; Scarlet fever, 366
Weissport: School inspection, 274
Weldon Water Co.: Permit , 845; sources, 857; filter plant, 882
Wellersburg: School inspection , 278
Wells Township (Bradford) : School inspection, 274
Wells Township (Fulton) : School inspection, 276
Wellsboro: School inspection, 278; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; water ex-
amined, 581; Water supply and watershed inspection, 845, 963; Sewerage
plans and permits, 891,899,900
Wellsboro Water Co.: Permits, sources, watershed inspection, 845,857,963
Wellsville: School inspection, 279 ; Water examined, 581
Wentz Farm Water District (Philadelphia): in relation to the outbreak of
typhoid fever, 1048,1066,1069,1305
WemersviUe (See also State Hospital for the Chronic Insane): Water ex-
amined, 578 ; water supply , 845
Wesleyville: Sanitary inspections, 336; Nuisances, etc., 771
West Township: School inspection, 276; Smallpox, 346,347
West Abington Township: School inspection, 276
West Apollo: Water supply, 942
West Beaver Township: School inspection, 278; Diphtheria, Measles, 399
West Berwick: Deaths, by months, 446; Births., by sex and month, 518;
plural and illegitimate, SW
Water supply, 845
West Berwick Water Supply Co.: Permit, 845; sources, 857
West Bethlehem : Water supply, 845
West Bethlehem Township: School inspection, 279; Water supply, 846
West Bradford Township (See also Chester Co. Home and Hospital for Insane):
School inspection, 274
West Branch. See also Codorus Creek, and Conococheague Creek.
West Branch Township: School inspection, 278
West Brandy wine Township: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, 201,320
West Bridg«;wafer : Water Fupply , 846
West Brownsville: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 771; Sewerage
plans and permits, 891 ,899
West Brunswick: School inspection, 278
West Brunswick Township: School inspection, 278; Measles, 390
West Buffalo Township: School inspection, 278
Digitized by
Google
1544 INDEX. Off. Doc.
West BurliD^on Township: School inspection, 274
West Cain Township: Typhoid fever, 201
West Cameron Township : School insnection , 277
West Carroll Township: School inspection, 274
West Oatasauqua: Special reports on typhoid fever (cf. Fullerton) 212.1001
West Chester:
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 54: Cases of the year, 605 Deaths, by months,
446: by age and color, 459, 462; from certain causes and by color, 465,
470; Births, by sex and month, 518; plural and illejcitirante, r»43: \ni-
sances, etc., 771; Smallpox. 319; Typhoid fever, attributed to Phila-
delphia, 1302, 1303; Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined, 579
Waterworks, permits, sources, watershed inspection, ^16,856,963
Sewerage plans and permits, 891, 895, 897, 902; plants and operation, 785,966,*??
(Vest Chillisquaoue Township: School inspection, 277
West Cocalico Township: School inspection , 276
West Conshohocken ; Water supply and watershed inspection. ..785,846.939,944,969
West Conshohocken Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant and inspec-
tion, watershed inspection, 785,846,857,862,939,944,969,972
West Cornwall Township: School inspection, 276
West Donegal Township: School inspection, 276; Water supply ^4f>
West Easton: School inspection, 277
West Elizabeth: Nuisances, etc 771
West End: School inspection, 276: Sewerage plana and permits, 891,895,90?
West End Water Co . : Sources and watershed inspection , 985
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane (Dixmont): Sewerage plana
and permits. 891, 897; Treatment plhnt and operation, 787.9S6
West Fairview:
Tuberculosis Dispen.sary, 54; use of tubercle bacilli products (1909-1913>.
745: cases of the year, 607; School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc.,
770; Water supply, W2
Westfall Township: School inspection, 278: Water supply R4S
West Fallowfield Township: School inspection, 27.^
Westfield : School inspection , 27^
Westfield Township: School inspection, 27^
Westford : Water examined .TTP
West Freedom: Typhoid fever, .t21
West Ooshen Township: Smallpox ^\9
West Grove: School inspection, 274: Sanitary survey 976
West Hanover Township: School inspection H^-i
West Hnzleton: School inspection, 277: Water supply, 846; Sewerage plans
and permits, 891,806.902
West Hemlock Township : School inspection . 277 ; Measles, ,*tRl
West Hempfield Township: School insnection 27«
West Homestead: School inspection. 273; Nuisances, etc 771
West Houtzdale Water Co.: Permits, sources, 846,H;77
West Johnsonburg: Water supply, typhoid fever, 1007,1011
West Keating Township: School inspection 27>
West Kittanning: School inspection, zn
West Lebanon: School inspection, 27f
West Leesport: School inspection, 27!^
West Liberty: School inspection, 274
West Libertv Improvement Co.: Sewerage plans and permits 891, Me,**"^
West Line (Corydon Township): Measles, 37**
West Mahanoy Township: Nuisances, etc.. 774; Measles. 396: W«t«r supply, ^4A
West Mahoning Township: School inspection, 276; Communicable diseaiies, ^50
West Manayunk: Nuisances, etc 771
West Manchester Township: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 772.
773, 775: Water examined. 581: Water supply, HW
West Marlboro Township: School inspection, 274
West Mead Township: School inspection, 27."»
West Middlesex: School inspection, 277; Sewerage plans and permits 8»l,^aR
Westmont: School inspection, 274: Diphtheria, (1912-1913). 227; Water mip-
_Dly, M<
Westmoreland County:—
Countv Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers 25
School Niedical Inspectors 3^
Local Registrars, .V
Distributors of Antitoxins, 7«
Tuberculosis Dispensaries iv\v*,*v : ;•'•*. *
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; iovestigiitioD of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them 41*
Summary of work of Health Officers ♦!?«
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes 467,47?
Rural births, by sex and month, 625; plural and illegitimate 5pr
Marriages, by months, 569; rate, by years (1906-1913>, 57t
Digitized by
Google
No. U. (X)MMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1545
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 279; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 285
Water samples examined in the i^aboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised, 777
Westmoreland Water Co. of Hempfield Twp. : Permits, 847 ; sources, 856
West Nanticoke: Nuisances, etc., 774,775
West Nautmeal Township : School inspection ^ 274
West Newton: School inspection, 279; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water ex-
amined, 581; Sewerage application, 780; plans and permits, 867,891,895,899
West Norriton Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 847
West No;'riton Water Co.: Permit, 847* sources, 856; filter plant, 862
West Nottingham Township: School inspection, 274
Weston: Sanitary survey, 976,1032
Westover : Water examined, 579
West Penn Township: School inspection, 278; Quarantine, neglect, pros-
ecution, 394; Diphtheria, 387, 389, 390; Measles, Whooping cough, 390,396
West Pennsboro: Water examined, 579
West Pennsboro Township: School inspection , 276
West Perry Township : School inspection , 278
West Pikeland Township see Chester Springs Soldiers' Orphans' School.
West Pine Grove: School inspection, 278
West Pittsburgh: Water examined, 580; Water supply, 785,847,940,944
West Pittsburgh Realty Co.: Sewerage plans and permits, 892,895,898,901
West Pittsburgh Water Co.: Permits, 847; sources, 856; filtration plant
and operation, 785,882,940,944
West Pittston: Deaths, by mouths, 446; Births, by sex and month, 518;
plural and illegitimate, 543; Water supply, 847
West Point: SmaUpox, 378
West Pottsgrove Township: School inanection, 277, Water supply, 847
West Providence Township: School inspection 273
West Reading: School inspection , 273 ; Sanitary survey, 976
Special report on measures to forestall further spread of typhoid fever,
1382; Water examined, 578; Water supply and watershed inspection,
785,940,944,969
West Reading Water Co.: Sources, 969; filter plant and operation, 785,940,
944; Watershed inspection, 969; plant, etc., special inspection, 1384
West Reynoldsvil]e: School inspection, 276; Water supply, 847; Sewerage
T^lfiim A Till fitf^nnifji f^S^ ftOQ
West Rockhill Township : School inspection ,* 274 : Scarlet fever',' 3(38 ; Typhoid
fever: Laboratory examinations of a suspected carrier 582
West badsbury Township: School inspection , 274
West St. Clair Township: School inspection, 273
West Salem Water Supply Co.: Permit, 847; sources, 857
West Shenango Township: School inspection, 275
West Springfield : Nuisances, etc. , 773
West Sunbury : School inspection, 274
West Taylor Township: School inspection, 274; Diphtheria (1912-1913,) 227
West Telford: Water supply, 847
Westtown Township: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, attributed to
Philadelphia, - 1302
West Tulpehocken Township: Water examined, 578
Westview: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 847;
Sewerage plans and permits, 892,895,898,902
West Vincent Township: School inspection, 274
West Virginia (State) : Smallpox from a circus , 242
West Wheattield Township: School inspection, 276; Communicable dis-
eases, 348,350
West Whiteland Township: School inspection, 274; Typhoid fever, attributed
to Philadelphia, 1303; Water supply, 847
West Wyoming: Water supply, 847
West York : School inspection, 279
West ZoUarsville: Nuisances, 414,415
Wetmore Township : School inspection , 277
Wharton Township (Fayette): School inspection, 276; Typhoid fever, 338
Wharton Township (Potter) : School inspection , 278
Wharves: Water supply in Philadelphia, 1307,1330
Wheatfield Township : School inspection , 278
Wheatland : School inspection , 277
Whitaker, see G. F. Linn.
Whitcomb, Dr. H. H., C. M. I., Montgomery County, 15; Abstract of re-
ports, 377; assists in an inspection at Norristown, 240; Dispensary
physician, 57
White Township (Beaver): School inspection, 273
White Township (Cambria) : School inspection , 274
White Township (Indiana) : dJommunicable diseases 350
Digitized by
Google
1546 INDEX. OflF. Doc.
White Clay Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Whitehall Township: Typhoid fever (cf. Fullerton) 212; Water supply 847
White Haven (see also Free Hospital for Poor Consumptives): School in-
spection , 277 : Sewerage plans and permits, 892,809
V Whitely Township: School inspection, 276
Whitemarsh Township: School inspection, 277; Water supply, 847
White Mills: S>?hool inspection, 279
Whitepain Township: School inspection, 277
Whiteside, Robert A. (College Hill): Sewerage plans and permits, 892,899
White Swelling (see also Tuberculosis): Deaths, percentages of deaths from
tuberculosis, 437; by age, 450; urban and rural and in certain cities, 474,482
Whitfield, Dr. F. K . , Dispensary physician, 52
Whitney: Water supply and watershed inspection, 971
Whooping Cough: —
Morbidity (for rural cases see also the Abstracts of reports of the C. M.
I. and below)
Total cases reported, by years, (1906-1913), 553; urban and rural by
months, : 556
Notes on rural cases in the counties:— 283,287,291,292.293,295,296,299,304,309,310,
312,314,315,317,320,325,327,329,333,334,336,340,342,343,345,349,a50,351,35t,355,360,
361,367,369.373,375,376,381,384,388,395,396,398,400,401,403,405,407,408.410,415,417.
420,423,424,425
Mortality: Death rate (1906-1913) 435; Deaths by months (1906-1913) 436: by
sex and age periods (1906 1913) , 436
Deaths by age, 449; urban and rural, and in part by color, 463: urban
and rural, and in certain cities, 473, 481 ; in cities over 100,000, bv age,
and in part by color, 489-493; in the State and in cities over 100.000. by
months, and in part by color, 495498; in the State and in cities over
100,000, in the first year by days, weeks, months, 499-501
Quarantine, etc. , 186 : found in the inspection of school children, 263
In the previous medical history of patients at Mont Alto, 632
Wickboro: School inspection, 273; Water supply, 847, 942; Sewerage plans
and permits .• 892,902
Wickersham, H. W., (Of Thompsontown Water Co.): Waterworks permits,
848 ; sources 852
Wicouisco Township: School inspection, 275; Nuisances, etc., 773, 774;
special report of an investigation of Typhoid fever 208; Water supply, 848
Wilnwnna : Smallpox 303
Wild Cat Run : As a water supply , watershed inspection, 961
Wilkes. Dr. L. A., Dispensary physician, 11,57
Wilkes-Barre:—
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
745: cases of the year, 605: Deaths, by months, 446; by age. 459,462;
from certain cau.ses, 465. 470; from each cause or class of causes,
481; Births, by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 543: Small-
pox, 369; Nuisances, etc., 770: Water supply and watershed inspection,
785, 848, 944, 961; Sewerage nlans and permits 892.899
Wilkos-Bnrro Township: Water supply 818
Wilkins Township, (see also East Wilkinsburg Improvement Co.): School
inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, 848
Wilkinsburg: —
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 53: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913>.
"Tjfi; fM,jap«, of the year. 607: Deaths, by months, 446; by age, 459. 462:
from certain causes, 465. 470; Births, by sex and month, 519; plural
jtH illciHrnate, 543; Water supply, 784. 848, ^44; Sewerage plans
and permits , 892 ,895,902
v\,*i?;«ni Potm: Nnis'^nces, etc 774
Williams, Dr. J., Dispensary physician, 56
AVininms, Jnni**s S.: W'aterworks permit, 848: sources, 853
Williams. Hr T. L. . Disnen.sary physician, 57
Willinms. Dr. W. T., Dispensary physician 57
Williams Township : School inspection , 275 ; Water examined 579
WJii^'^m'^burn': School inspection 273
Williamson Freo School of Mechanical Trades: Water examined, 579; Sewer-
f^fo plans and permits, 892, 897; plant and operation, 787,956.9S7
Willinmsport: —
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 56: use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-1913),
74.'i: cjises of the year, 605: Deaths, by months, 446; by age, 469,
462; from certain causes, 465, 470: from each cause or class of causes,
481: Births, by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 543; I>ec-
ture on Tuberculosis, 602; Water examined. 580; Water supply and
watershed inspection, 848, 961; Sewerage plans and permits, 892,902
Williamsport W^ater Co . : Permit, 848 ; sources, 857
Williamsport Gns and Water Company: Sources and watershed inspectton, 9ffl
Williamstown : School inspection 275
Williptown Township (spo also Rush Hospital): School inspection, 274;
Nuisances, etc., 774; Water supply 848
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1547
Willow Grove: Water examined, 580
Willow Grove Park, see also Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co.
Wills, Dr. T. B., Dispensary physician, 57
Wilmerdinpr: Deaths, by months, 446; Births, by sex and month, 519; plural
and illegitimate, 543 ; Water supply, 848
Wilmingrton Township (Lawrence) : School inspection , 276
Wilmington Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277
Wilmore: School inspection, 274; Water examined, 579
Wilmot Township: School inspection, 274
Wilson, Dr. J. G., Dispensary physician, 68
Wilson: School inspection, 273
Wilson Township: School inspection, 277
Windber:—
Deaths, by months, 446; Births, by sex And month, 519: plural and il-
legitimate, 643; Nuisances, etc., 770, 771; Tuberculosis Exhibit, 602;
Water examined, 581; Water supply, and watershed inspection 849,969
Windber Water and Power Co.: Permits, etc., 790, 791, 849; sources, 856,
969: watershed inspection and patrol, 960,973
Wind Gap: School inspection, 277: Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, 849
Windham Township (Bradford): School inspection, 274
Windham Township (Wyoming): School inspection. 279: Mumps, 422
Windsor: School inspection, 279: Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined. .. 581
Windsor Township (Berks): School inspection, 273
Windsor Township (York): School inspection, 279
Windsor Water C5o . : Permit, 849 ; sources, 857
Winessen see Collinsburg.
Winfield Township: School inspection 274
Wingrflde. Dr. S. L., Assistant Physician at Mont Alto, 12,60
Winslow Township: School inspection, 276; Typhoid fever, 354; Water
supply 849
Winterstown : School inspection, 279
Winton:—
Deaths, by months. 446; Births, by sex and month, 519; plural and il-
legitimate, 544; Status of the Board of Health, 358; Sewerage plans and
permits, 892,895.902
Wissahirkon (Philadelphia): Water supply etc 1263
Wissahickon Creek : Sanitary survey of watershed 973
Wissinoming (Philadelphia) : Water supply , 1048
Wood, Alan, Iron and Steel Co.: Sewage treatment plant end operation, .. 787,956
Wood. Dr. C. B., C. M. I., Washington County, 15; Abstract of reports,
413 : Dispensary physician , .58
Wood , Dr. J . W . , Dispensary physician, 11 ..55
Wood Township: School inspection , 276
Woodbury : School inspection , 273 ; Measles, ; . . 294
Woodbury Township: Measles, 294
Woodcock: School inspection, 275; Sanitary survey, 976; Water supply, 969
Woodcock Township : School inspection , 275
Woodland : Sanitary survey , 976
Woodlawn (See also Jones and r^aughlin Steel Co.): School inspection. 273;
Water supply, 849; Sewerage investigated, 958
Woodman Lumber Co . : Tiitigation concerning 115
Woodvnle (Bedford): Sanitary survey, 976; Water examined, 578; Water
supply and watershed inspection, 971
Woodvnle (Huntingdon) : Water examined, 580
Woodville Township: School inspection, 278
Woodward Township (Clearfield): School inspection. 275: Water supply, .. 849
Woodward Township (Clinton): School inspection, 275; Smallpox 323,324
Woodward Township (Lycoming): School inspection, 277
Wolf Creek Township : School inspection , 277
Wolf Spring Run: As a water supply, watershed inspection, 969
Womelsdorf: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 770
Womelsdorf Consolidated Water Co.: Application 781
Worcester Township: School inspection , 277
Wormleysburg: School inspection, 275; Water supply 849,942
Worms, See Intestinal parasites.
Worth Townshin (Centre): School inspection, 274; Water supply, 849
Worth Township (Mercer): School inspection, 277
Worthington: School inspection, 273
Worthville: Water examined 580
Wounds. See also External (iJauses of Death; (firearms, traumatism, etc.):
Treatment with Tetanus antitoxin 738,739
Wright, Dr. J. W.,^ C. M. I., Brie County, 15: Abstract of report, 334;
Dispensarv physician , 55
Wrisht Township: School inspection , 277 ; Measles 368
Wrightstown Township: School inspection, 274; Measles, 308
Digitized by
Google
1548 INDEX. Off. Doc
Wrightsville: School inspection, 279; Typhoid fever, report of C. M. I.,
423; Special report on the outbreak of Typhoid fever, 1390; Water ex-
amined, 681 ; Water supply, 849; Water supply and conditions relative to
the outbreak of typhoid fever, 1390 ; Litigation , Court order, 1393
Wrightsville Water Supply Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, 779, 849,
857; System, quality, etc.. Special Inspection, 1391
Wyalusing: School inspection, 273; Water examined, 578; Water supply and
watershed inspection , 849,969
Wyalusinsr Township: School inspection , 274 ; Nuisances, etc. , 773
Wyalusing Water Co.: Permit, sources, watershed inspection and patrol,
849,856,969,973
Wyalusing Creek: Sanitary survey of watershed, 974
Wyckoff, Dr. S. D., Dispensary physician, 56
Wycombe Township: School inspection, 274
Wyland, John F., (Allison Park): Waterworks permit, §49; sources, .... 852
Wyoming County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 25
School Medical Inspectors, 36
Local Registrars, 50
Distributors of Antitoxins, 76
Tuberculosis Dispensary, 59
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of tibem 420
Summary of work of Health Officers , 428
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and illegitimate, 550
Marriages, by months. 569 : rate, by years (1906-1913) , 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 279; normal and defective
School Children , by sex and nativity , 285
Patients treated in the Sanatoria 647,690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 663
Maps drawn or revised , 777
Wyoming: School inspection, 277; Swamp nuisances investigated. 958:
Water supply, 849; Sewerage plans and permits, '. 867,893,895,901
Wyoming Valley Water Co. : Sources and watershed inspection, 961
Wyoming^ Valley Water Supply Co . : Watershed patrol 973
Wyomissing: School inspection, 273; Nuisances, etc., 771; Water supply, ..944,1384
Wyomi-ssing Creek : Pollution referred to counsel , 1413
Wysox Township: School inspection, 274
Yardley : School inspection, 274
Yatesville: School inspection , 277 : Water supply, 849
Yeadon: School inspection, 275; Water supply, 849; Sewerage plans and
permits, 867.893,895,898,901
Yellow Atrophy of the liver: Deaths, by age, 453; urban and rural and
for certain cities, 477,485
Yellow Breeches Creok: As a water supply, watershed inspection 943,967
Yellow fever: Morbidity (1906-1913) , 553 ; Mortality, 449
Yocum, Dr. C. A., Dispensary physician, 11,54
Yoe: School inspection, 279; Sanitary survey, 976: Water supply 785,849
Yoe Water Co. (See also York County Consolidated Water Co.): Permit 849
York County:
County Medical Inspector, 15
Township Health Officers, 25
School Medical Inspectors 36
Local Registrars, 50
Distributors of Antitoxins, 76
Tuberculosis Dispensaries, 50
Abstract of reports of the County Medical Inspector; investigation of
communicable diseases, and regulation of dairies because of them, 423
Summary of work of Health Officers , 426
Rural mortality, by months, 448; from certain causes, 467,472
Rural births, by sex and month, 525; plural and illegitimate, 550
Marriages by months , 569 : rate , by years (1906-1913) , 570
School Inspection in Fourth Class Districts, 279; normal and defective
School Children, by sex and nativity, 265
Water samples examined in the Laboratories, 581
Patients treated in the Sanatoria, 847.690
Dispensary attendance of patients after discharge from the Sanatorium, 883
Maps drawn or revised. — •••••. ■•• , ••• 777
York County Consolidated Water Co.: Permits, sources, filter plant, etc.,
779,785,790,791,860,857,882.939
Digitized by
Google
No. 14. COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. 1519
York: Tuberculosis Dispensary, 59; use of Tubercle Bacilli Products (1909-
1913), 745; Cases of the year, 605; Deaths, by months, 446; by age, 469,
462; from certain causes. 465, 470;. from eacn cause or class of causes,
481 ; Births, by sex and month, 519; plural and illegitimate, 544; Nuisances,
«tc., 770, 771; Baby Saving Show, 183; Water examined, 681; Water
supply and watershed inspection, 785 850, 944, 961; Sewerage plans and
permits, 780,867,893,896,898
York Township; School inspection, 279
York Water Co,: Permits, etc., 778; sources, 856; filter plant and opera-
tion, 785,862,944
Yorkana: School inspection, 279
York Haven : School inspection , 279 ; Nuisances, etc . , 771
York Springs: School inspection, 273
Yorkville . (See also Pottsville) : Sewerage permit, 893
Youghiogheny River: As a water supply, and watershed inspection, ..943,964,977,990
Young Township (Indiana): School inspection, 276; Communicable diseases, 348,350
Young Township: (Jefferson) : School inspection , 276
Youngman, Dr. C. W., C. M. I., Lycoming County, 15; Abstract of report,
369; Aid in the Renovo outbreak, 194; Dispensary physician, 56
Youngstown : Measles 338
Youngsville: School inspection, 278; Water examined, 581; Sewerage plans
and permits, 893,902
Youngwood: School inspection, 279: Water supply, 850; Sewerage plans and
permits, 893,902
Zelienople: School inspection, 274; Sewerage plans and permits, 893,899
Zerbe Township. (See also Trevorton Sewerage Co.): School inspection, 277;
Water supply, 850
Ziegler, John G. , 10,13,181
Zierdon, W. E., (Johnsonburg) : Waterworks permit, 850; sources, 852
Zulik, Dr. T. C. , Dispensary physician, 57
Digitized by
Google
(1550)
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11